CN1294354C

CN1294354C - Pneumatic machine

Info

Publication number: CN1294354C
Application number: CNB001367765A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘金刚
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-12-29
Filing date: 2000-12-29
Publication date: 2007-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2020-12-29
Also published as: CN1361035A

Abstract

The present invention provides a device of generating mechanical motion by the energy released by high-pressure gases. The device utilizes a four-stroke working principle of an internal combustion engine; the position of a bent shaft 3 of each gas cylinder is provided with a slide bar 1 used for opening gas valves, and the opening of the gas valves are synchronous with the working process of a pneumatic motor; a constant-energy cylinder 10 is provided to make the energy of the high-pressure gases supplied and required by the working stroke for each time of each gas cylinder equal; meanwhile, the pneumatic motor also has a gas-charging function during the reverse rotation under the action of external force. The pneumatic motor has the advantages of stable working, energy saving and no air pollution and has good practical valve.

Description

Pneumatic motor

Technical field the present invention relates to a kind ofly utilize pressurized gas to release energy to produce the pneumatic motor of mechanical motion.

The device that background technique utilizes pressurized gas to produce mechanical motion at present has the steamer of watt invention, because the efficient that steamer produces mechanical energy is not high, replaced by internal-combustion engine gradually, but internal-combustion engine not only needs fuel, and under high pressure fuel to burn.Because burning is insufficient, institute's exhaust gas discharged has pollution to environment.This pollution has had a strong impact on the health of human survival in the city, and along with this harm of the increase of automobile amount is more and more serious.Invented pneumatic motor with environmental protection and energy saving function at these problems.

Internal-combustion engine is actually by fuel combustion the gas expansion is done work, and this invention has directly utilized the expansion of pressurized gas to do work, therefore this invention has still utilized the four-stroke working principle of explosive motor, promptly with bent axle a plurality of cylinders is connected together.The turnover of the unlatching control pressurized gas by solenoid valve, the method that adopts submarine to pass in and out the cabin is under water utilized the switch control of air valve, has realized with pressurized gas being the Pneumatic actuator of energy.This pneumatic motor entire work process all is physical change, and burning does not wait chemical change process, and used pressurized gas are the pure and fresh pressurized air or the mixed gas of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen.What make that pneumatic motor gives off is fresh air, environmentally safe, and can purify air, really play the effect of environmental protection.

The working principle of summary of the invention this invention is set forth with the structure of a four-stroke pneumatic motor principle prototype of developing.

This invention is to utilize pressurized gas to release energy to produce the pneumatic motor of mechanical motion, comprising: a plurality of cylinders, except the push rod that connects cylinder piston, also connected a slide bar on the bent axle of each cylinder, this slide bar can be in order four air valves of switch successively; Utilize high-pressure air pipe to connect a two-way three-way magnetic valve and a permanent energy cylinder, pressurized gas process reduction valve enters cylinder by the unlatching of each air valve, pressurizes also for simultaneously permanent energy cylinder.

If the pressure of the pressurized gas of supply cylinder 5 is P ₀, the energy of the supply cylinder 5 that so at every turn does work is P ₀V ₀When the piston 4 of cylinder 5 moved to figure (3) position, the pressure in the cylinder was reduced to P, and the volume of cylinder increases to and is V to the maximum, according to air pressure principle P ₀V ₀=PV.If the sectional area of cylinder is S; When stroke is x, V '=Sx then; P '=(P ₀V ₀)/(Sx), every stroke institute work is:

W = {&Integral;}_{h_{0}}^{h} (S \cdot P^{'}) dx = {&Integral;}_{h_{0}}^{h} P_{0} \cdot V_{0} \cdot \frac{dx}{x} = P_{0} \cdot V_{0} \cdot \ln \frac{h}{h_{0}} = P_{0} \cdot V_{0} \cdot \ln \frac{V}{V_{0}}

H be cylinder 5 piston 4 is apart from the ultimate range of cylinder 5 bottoms when being in figure (3) state, V is the volume of cylinder 5 when increasing to maximum; V ₀When running to the bottom for cylinder piston 4, the volume of 5 bottoms from air valve 6 to cylinder.

Can draw V/V ₀The big more acting of value just many more, i.e. V ₀The smaller the better.Work as V ₀One regularly, and the volume V of cylinder 5 is the bigger the better.Because V=(P ₀/ P) V ₀So, volume that can draw cylinder 5 and permanent PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATION that can cylinder 10.It is certain promptly to work as V, the supplied gas pressure P of institute ₀One regularly, just can obtain V ₀(P should equal atmospheric pressure).

Because the maximum volume V of this invention cylinder can not change at work, and supply with the pressure P of the pressurized gas of pneumatic motor ₀Along with the process of pneumatic motor work is reducing gradually, promptly pressure is P to the maximum the most at the beginning ₀, along with the consumption inflation pressure of acting becomes a variable P '.In order to make pneumatic motor always work in peak efficiency, the energy of at every turn supplying with each cylinder acting should remain unchanged, i.e. P ' V '=PV.

Because P ' is reducing gradually, so the necessary volume that increases V ', promptly require the volume of permanent energy cylinder 10 to change with the variation of P '.In order to solve permanent volume V that can cylinder 10 ' problem that can change with the variation of P ', the perseverance of therefore having invented the equilibrium air pressure energy again can cylinder 10.Shown in figure (7), be the internal structure schematic diagram of permanent energy cylinder 10.

This perseverance can cylinder 10 be the seal container of a cylinder, and this container is divided into three storehouses, and storehouse, the left side is former pressure storehouse 24, and the centre is permanent energy storehouse 25, and the right is for now pressing storehouse 26.Former pressure storehouse 24 is connected with the both sides of now pressing storehouse 26 with a piston 27, connects all to use a scalable high voltage bearing airtight gas bag 23 of band steel ring and 28.The airtight gas bag 23 in former pressure storehouse 24 is S with the contact pressure area of piston 27 ₀, now pressing the airtight gas bag 28 in storehouse 26 and the contact pressure area of piston 27 is S.Earlier former pressure storehouse 24 is charged into pressurized gas, when piston 27 during at Far Left, promptly former pressure storehouse 24 volumes hour fill into pressurized gas for former pressure storehouse 24 from the inflation inlet 29 in former pressure storehouse 24, and the pressure that makes former pressure storehouse 24 is P ₀

If the pressurized gas pressure of supply cylinder 5 is P ₀The time, because S ₀＜S piston 27 this moment will move to Far Left, and the volume minimum in former pressure storehouse 24 is V at this moment ₁Both having made permanent energy storehouse 25 also be full of pressure is P ₀Pressurized gas because both sides pressure equates that piston 27 can not move, piston 27 is still at Far Left, this moment, permanent volume minimum that can storehouse 25 was V ₀When the pressure of now pressing storehouse 26 gases was decreased to P ', permanent pressure that can storehouse 25 also was P '.The pressure in former pressure storehouse 24 also will be decreased to P ', and therefore the volume in former pressure storehouse 24 will increase.The former pressure bag 23 in former pressure storehouse 24 must promote piston and move right, and makes the volume in permanent energy storehouse 25 increase to V ', shown in figure (8).

If the distance that the volume that former pressure bag 23 increases moves right piston 27 is L, the volume in then permanent energy storehouse 25 has just increased (S-S ₀) L, the volume in permanent energy storehouse 25 increases to V '=V ₀+ (S-S ₀) L, because:

Permanent energy storehouse: P ₀V ₀=P ' [V ₀+ (S-S ₀) L];

Former pressure storehouse: P ₀V ₁=P ' (V ₁+ S ₀L),

Then can obtain: (S-S ₀)/S ₀=V ₀/ V ₁

Promptly permanent energy storehouse 25 equal permanent energy storehouse 25 minimum volume V with the ratio that piston 27 contact pressure areas and former pressure bag 23 press piston 27 areas ₀With former pressure storehouse 24 minimum volume V ₁The ratio.When piston 27 areas of therefore permanent energy cylinder 10 were S, the area that then former pressure bag 23 presses piston 27 was:

S_{0} = \frac{V_{1}}{V_{0} + V_{1}} S

Therefore, the structure that the perseverance of designing according to actual conditions can cylinder 10 must meet the result that above-mentioned theory calculates, and can satisfy P ' V '=PV like this, and promptly when air feed pressure changes, the energy of supply cylinder remains unchanged at every turn.

This permanent energy cylinder 10 is key technologies in the pneumatic motor of the present invention.The effect of this perseverance energy cylinder 10 is in the stroke of each cylinder of pneumatic motor, the energy P of supply ₀V ₀Remain constantly, not only can make pneumatic motor working efficiency the best like this, have the effect of saving the energy, also can make the pneumatic motor stability of rotation simultaneously.

The mode of execution in description of drawings concrete structure of the present invention and when counter-rotating thereof is described further (above-mentioned used figure (3), figure (7) and schemed (8) illustrate in the lump at this) by the following drawings.

Figure (1) is the schematic diagram of facing of a four-stroke pneumatic motor;

Figure (2) is the schematic diagram of overlooking of a four-stroke pneumatic motor;

Figure (3) is left view principle figure, and the piston of cylinder 5 (a) is at top state figure;

Figure (4) is the half trip phase diagram that the piston of cylinder 5 (b) is in decline;

Figure (5) is the phase diagram of the piston of cylinder 5 (c) in the bottom;

Figure (6) is the half trip phase diagram that the piston of cylinder 5 (d) is in rising;

Figure (7) be permanent can cylinder 10 structural drawing during air inlet not;

Structural drawing when figure (8) is 10 air inlets of perseverance energy cylinder;

One of four states figure when figure (9,10,11,12) is the pneumatic motor counter-rotating.

Embodiment is depicted as the schematic diagram of facing of a four-stroke pneumatic motor as figure (1); Figure (2) is for overlooking schematic diagram; Figure (3) is left view principle figure.Except the push rod 2 that connects cylinder piston 4, also connected a slide bar 1 on the bent axle 3 of each cylinder.Fluting 11 is enclosed within on the bearing 13 that is fixed on the cylinder 5 in the middle of this slide bar 1.When the push rod 2 of the piston 4 of cylinder promoted bent axles 3 and rotates, this slide bar 1 moved reciprocatingly on fixing bearing 13.

All be equipped with on each cylinder block four can hand switch 6,7,8,9, one two-way three-way magnetic valves 12 of air valve and one permanent can cylinder 10, shown in figure (3).Pressurized gas are introduced into air valve 6 through reduction valve 30 by high pressure pipe line 20, also give permanent energy cylinder 10 pressurizations simultaneously.Pressurized gas can enter air valve 7 by cylinder 10 through permanent then, enter cylinder through a two-way three-way magnetic valve 12 from cylinder 5 base apertures 17 again.Air valve 8 is an outlet valve, by 18 exhausts of cylinder bottom hole.When pneumatic motor needs work, at first with the solenoid valve 12 tangential air valves 7 of each cylinder, make bottom outlet 17 conductings of air valve 7 and cylinder 5, the bottom outlet 17 of cylinder 5 is ended with air valve 9.

When piston 4 push rods 2 tops of a cylinder were in the extreme higher position, four air valves on a cylinder all were in cut-off state, shown in figure (3).Piston 4 push rods 2 tops of b cylinder are in the horizontal position and the downward movement tendency at bent axle 3 centers at this moment, shown in figure (4).Because the slide bar 1 of b cylinder drives skew to the right by bent axle 3, is offset left in the lower end of rigid bearing 13, press the switch of air valve 6 and air valve 8 this moment, makes air valve 6 and air valve 8 conductings, with pressurized gas fill into permanent can cylinder 10 in, up to air valve 7.Although this moment, solenoid valve 12 was in the admittance state, because air valve 7 is a cut-off state, pressurized gas can not fill in the inlet casing 5.And the air valve 8 of the gas in the cylinder 5 by conducting emit, and cylinder piston can successfully be moved down.This moment the c cylinder state shown in figure (5), piston 4 push rods 2 tops of c cylinder are in the position at the end, this moment, four air valves all were in cut-off state.

And the top of piston 4 push rods 2 of d cylinder is in the left side of bent axle 3 central horizontal at this moment, shown in figure (6).Because the slide bar 1 of d cylinder is offset left at the epimere of rigid bearing 13, hypomere is offset the switch that presses

air valve

7 and 9 to the right, makes

air valve

7 and 9 conductings, and this moment, pressurized gas filled into d cylinder.Because this moment, air valve 6 and air valve 8 all were in cut-off state, the volume that fills the pressurized gas in the inlet casing is 7 the volume V from air valve 6 to air valve ₀,, be the acting process this moment comprising the volume of permanent energy cylinder 10.Although air valve 9 is on state at this moment, because solenoid valve 12 ends cylinder 5 bottom outlets 17 with air valve 9, this moment, air valve 9 was inoperative.Each cylinder all passes through this four processes, and each all has a cylinder constantly in acting, and iterative motion releases energy pressurized gas like this, does mechanical work.

When the crankshaft reversal of pneumatic motor rotates, solenoid valve 12 will supply with the pressurized gas of each cylinder 5 and cut out under external force.Bottom outlet 17 with cylinder 5 is communicated with air valve 9 simultaneously, and the movement process of cylinder piston is the reverse gas replenishment process from c → b → a → d at this moment.Shown in figure (9), the piston 4 of cylinder 5 moves up to figure (10) from lowest part, and this moment, slide bar 1 was opened air valve 6 and air valve 8.Because solenoid valve 12 cuts out the pressurized gas that air valve 6 leads to cylinder, therefore the opening and closing of 1 pair of air valve 6 of slide bar and air valve 7 are all inoperative under external force, have only air valve 8 and air valve 9 to work.

When cylinder piston continued to move upward under external force, cylinder 5 had begun air-breathing through cylinder bottom hole 18 by the air valve of opening 8, and breathing process to the piston 4 of cylinder 5 moves to highest point.Shown in figure (11), this moment, air valve 9 and air valve 8 were all closed.When bent axle 3 continues backward rotation, air valve 9 is opened, and the piston 4 of cylinder 5 begins to move downward, and the gas in the cylinder is compressed, charge into high-voltage tube 22 by cylinder bottom hole 17 through solenoid valve 12, send a storage by a breather cheek valve 16 through high-voltage tube 21 through air valve 9 again and press in the bag 14.

Is cylinder 5 breathing process through figure (10) to scheming (11) by figure (9); By figure (11) through figure (12) to figure (9) be the compressed process of gas in the cylinder.The said process that moves in circles, pneumatic motor four cylinders under external force press bag 14 inflations all for storage.It is to be communicated with the high-voltage tube 20 of pneumatic motor air feed by a unidirectional guide valve 15 that the air outlet of bag 14 is pressed in storage.When the gas pressure intensity of air supply pipe 20 was pressed the gas pressure intensity that wraps in 14 greater than storage, unidirectional guide valve 15 was in closed condition, and pressurized gas can not enter storage and press in the bag 14; When the gas pressure intensity of air supply pipe 20 was pressed the gas pressure intensity that wraps in 14 less than storage, storage pressed the gas in the bag 14 just to replenish into, the usefulness during acting of air feed motivation.

The bent axle 3 of pneumatic motor backward rotation is under external force realized in automobile parking.When the footbrake plate braked, braking vane moved downward through three processes:

1, at first with solenoid valve 12 commutation, the pressurized gas of supply cylinder 5 are ended, conducting is simultaneously pressed bag 14 to storage, is in the voltage supply gaseous state that contracts.

2, when braking vane continues to move down, make pneumatic motor bent axle 3 backward rotation by gear wheel reversing, begin to produce pressurized gas, press bag 14 inflations for storage.

3, when braking vane is stepped on earth, be the Emergency braking state, the braking device that start automobile this moment no longer rotates the wheel of automobile, is in the state of stopping in emergency.

When the Emergency braking state, pneumatic motor no longer reclaims pressurized gas.But generally need not Emergency braking, therefore produce the reaction force of pressurized gas, can make mild the stopping of automobile by pneumatic motor.The energy that is consumed during automobile starting is replenished when stopping gently like this.Calculating the used energy of automobile starting theoretically should equate with the energy that reclaims that stops.But in fact because the loss of frictional force, resistance of air, mechanical transmission etc., used energy when the energy that reclaims by motor racing inertia is less than automobile starting.The function of the reverse acting of pneumatic motor of the present invention has been replenished the required energy that does work significantly, makes this invention have good practicability.

The key technology of this invention comprises three aspects.First key technology is to open the slide bar 1 of each air valve, and it makes the work of the opening and closing of each air valve and pneumatic motor synchronous.Charge into acting in the cylinder with making the pressurized gas component simultaneously, need be when just coming in and going out under water through two sects as submarine.This design be to open along power when opening air valve, therefore open each air valve need active force little.And when closing gas check valve, the air pressure of the gas that each air valve is imported and exported is in state of equilibrium, does not therefore also need great role power, and promptly to press the active force of each air valve switch very little for slide bar 1.During each air valve of switch, each air valve is also very little to the 3 rotation influences of pneumatic motor curved bar to the reaction force of slide bar 1.

Second key technology is permanent energy cylinder 10, and the energy that it can make each component charge into the pressurized gas of cylinder remains unchanged.Have the pneumatic motor of making working stability, can reach the effect of optimum working efficiency.The pressure of homenergic pressurized gas that simultaneously can also supply cylinder is very big, and the cylinder diameter that makes pneumatic motor hour also can produce very big thrust.Because the used cylinder bore of pneumatic motor can reduce, therefore can save a large amount of high pressure air energy.

The 3rd key technology is the function that has reverse acting when the bent axle of pneumatic motor rotates counterclockwise, and just presses bag 14 inflations for storage simultaneously as each cylinder of pump, and the energy of the body of inflating is supplied with pneumatic motor work by a unidirectional air pressure valve.In fact this process is that inertia kinetic energy during with parking of automobile is used.The energy that is consumed during automobile starting is retrieved again energy to be consumed substantially when automobile running overcome on resistance of air and the frictional force greatly by this technology when stopping.Because there had energy recovery to do to be additional, the energy of required pressurized gas is also saved significantly.

Because above-mentioned three solution of key technology make the pneumatic motor of this invention have good practicability.The application of this invention not only has the meaning of environmental protection, plays the effect that purifies air, but also can save the energy.Earth resource-gasoline no longer is consumed, so the invention of pneumatic motor have good social benefit and huge economic benefit.

Claims

1. the present invention a kind ofly utilizes pressurized gas to release energy to produce the pneumatic motor of mechanical motion, comprise: a plurality of cylinders (5), two-way three-way magnetic valve (12), permanent slide bar (1), the air valve (6 of can cylinder (10), being connected with bent axle (3), 7,8,9), one-way valve (15,16), storage presses bag (14), reduction valve (30) and high-pressure air pipe (20,21), it is characterized in that:

Each cylinder (5) bottom is communicated with a two-way three-way magnetic valve (12) and an air valve (8); Three-way magnetic valve (12) two ends in addition is communicated with high pressure admission air valve (7) and inflation air valve (9) respectively; High pressure admission air valve (7) is communicated with a permanent energy cylinder (10); Permanent energy cylinder (10) is communicated with high-pressure pipe (20) and air valve (6); Air valve (6) is communicated with reduction valve (30) and Non-return air valve (15) by high-pressure pipe (20), and Non-return air valve (15) the other end is communicated with storage and presses bag (14); Bent axle (3) in cylinder (5) is gone up the slide bar (1) that connects the air valve that can successively open by the job requirement of each cylinder (6,8) and air valve (7,9); When pneumatic motor bent axle (3) reversed, two-way three-way magnetic valve (12) commutation entered cylinder (5) by pressurized gas under external force, and cylinder (5) passes to air valve (9) simultaneously; Air valve (9) is communicated with an one-way valve (16) and is communicated with storage pressure bag (14) through high-voltage tube (21).

2. pneumatic motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that permanent can cylinder (10) by former pressure storehouse (24), permanent can storehouse (25), now press (26) three gas storage storehouses, storehouse and a piston (27) to form; Its Central Plains is pressed storehouse (24) and is now pressed the high pressure resistant airtight gas bag (23,28) that all has a band steel loop to stretch with a direction in the storehouse (26).

3. pneumatic motor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that said permanent perseverance in can cylinder (10) can storehouse (25) with the area ratio of former pressure storehouse (24) contact piston (27) equal permanent can storehouse (25) and former pressure storehouse (24) volume ratio hour.