CN1287890C - Sound wave monitoring device and method for fluidized bed reactor - Google Patents
Sound wave monitoring device and method for fluidized bed reactor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a sound wave monitoring device of a fluidized bed reactor and a method thereof. The device comprises a receiving device, a magnifying device, a signal collecting device and a signal processing device. The method comprises the following steps that: a. acoustic emitting signals in the fluidized bed reactor are received; b. the received sound emitting signals are analyzed; the parameters such as frequency f, vibration amplitude A, energy E, an energy dividing rate Pi of each frequency section, etc., of the sound waves are selected. The sound wave monitoring device of a fluidized bed reactor and the method have the characteristics of sensitivity, safety, environmental protection, simplicity, high speed, etc. The internal information (such as flowing situations, reacting situations, particle size distribution, flowing type distribution, etc.) of the fluidized bed can be accurately analyzed in time in an on-line type in production practice; the production parameters are controlled by analysis results.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sound wave monitoring of fluidized-bed reactor, relate in particular to the sound wave monitoring of fluidized-bed polymerization reactor and fluidized bed pelletizer.
Background technology
In various industrial process (chemistry, biochemistry, food etc.), fluidized-bed reactor just is being subjected to using widely.But because most fluidized-bed reactor can't directly observe inner reaction, flow condition, also the abnormal conditions that just can't in time produce inside are regulated control, thereby cause tremendous loss, become inevitable so develop a kind of apparatus and method of on-line monitoring.That these on-Line Monitor Device should have is round-the-clock, low consumption, accurately, characteristics such as Noninvasive, wherein real-time and online function is a key.
Extensive use pressure oscillation in the factory, fiber-optic signal and X ray fluid bedreactors are carried out on-line monitoring at present.Chinese patent (application number 88102105) based on fuel kind and drum pressure are set the static height of bed of fluidizing agent; Chinese patent (application number 89107388) utilizes and to be contained in first pressure-detecting device that is used for detecting air pressure wherein in the air distributor and to be contained in the indoor measured pressure differential of second checkout gear that is used for detecting the air pressure this draft chamber in of air draught, determines to flow into the interior air mass flow of this bed of particulate material.Chinese patent (application number 01254197) utilize fiber-optic signal detect with breeze airflow in the granularity and the concentration dependent transmitted light intensity fluctuating signal of pulverized coal particle, probe is connected with source of the gas, device can be monitored in the fluid bed grain skin, the concentration of pulverized coal particle in the breeze airflow, and the operation conditions of coal pipe is diagnosed.X ray is because its penetrability is widely used in the diagnosis of fluid bed internal fault by force in factory.
The application in factory by above patent and device, we find that the apparatus and method of existing on-line monitoring have the following disadvantages:
1) sensitive inadequately for the malfunction monitoring reflection of fluidization system.The feature physics that just has reflection flowing law essence measures existing bigger variation so that suddenly change because in a single day fluidization system breaks down, and just some physical quantity exists space or temporal insensitivity to these variations.With regard to the insensitivity on the life period, when promptly often marked change appearred in pressure signal, bed fluidization quality can't be improved by changing operating condition as pressure signal; Then there is the insensitivity on the space in optical fiber measurement, because the random walk in bed of bulk aggregation, and measure and can not in the fluid bed full extent of space, carry out, can not well monitor fluidization quality.
2) monitoring of pressure signal and fiber-optic signal all is plug-type, all will punch on the fluid bed wall in the time of installation, and is not only inconvenient, and may influence the flow field of fluid bed inside, to internal system flow and reaction affects.
3) to environmental requirement than higher, for the more abominable environment of plant, for example: environment such as high temperature, high pressure, dust may cause down the distortion of signal, can't truly reflect the multidate information of fluid bed inside.
4) pressure signal and fiber-optic signal are not the multidate information that directly reflects fluid bed inside, but reflect by bubble or concentration by indirect means.
5) X ray not only can cause the potential safety hazard of inside reactor, also can produce harm to human body, is not the method for environmental protection.
6) more main is that the decomposition that present various signal analysis means also fail to carry out by signal obtains the particle diameter distribution.The measurement that particle diameter distributes has very important significance for fluidized-bed reactor: at first it can reflect the fluid bed internal flow situation and the extent of reaction, next helps controlling the performance of product, save processing cost, a kind of special circumstances that particle diameter distributes in the fault of reuniting the at last fluid bed can accurately be measured particle diameter and distribute and can provide the basis for pre-anti-agglomeration fault.
Therefore, development is based on the sound wave monitoring method of simple and easy quick, the safety and environmental protection of contactless test technology, transient state real-time analysis technology, to improving fluid bed inner parameter monitoring sensitivity, accuracy, particularly significant for the forecast function in advance that improves fluidization quality.
For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of apparatus and method of sound wave monitoring fluidized-bed reactor, the present invention of actual operating position proof has sensitivity, safety and environmental protection, simple and easy characteristics such as quick, on-line analysis that can be promptly and accurately in production practices to fluid bed internal information (flow condition, reaction condition, particle diameter distribution, flow pattern distribution etc.), and by analysis result manufacturing parameter is controlled.
Summary of the invention
The apparatus and method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring.
Its device comprises sound wave receiving system, amplifying device, signal pickup assembly, the signal processing apparatus on the fluidized-bed reactor, and its method may further comprise the steps:
The acoustic emission signal of a, reception fluidized-bed reactor inside;
B, analyze the acoustic emission signal receive, choose the energy branch rate P in the frequency f, amplitude A, ENERGY E, each frequency band of acoustic signals
i(energy in each frequency band and the ratio of gross energy, i is the frequency range number) or the combination parameter between four are as characteristic value;
Particle diameter distributes and the reunion degree in c, measure of the change the fluidized-bed reactor internal state, particularly fluidized-bed reactor by characteristic value.
Device of the present invention has been compared the following advantage with technology with the conventional device technology:
1) malfunction monitoring for fluidization system is very sensitive, can measure existing bigger variation even sudden change at feature physics along with the variation of fluidization system, and these variations are existed space or temporal hypersensitivity.Agglomeration for fluid bed inside is particularly evident.
Therefore 2) sound wave monitoring device right and wrong are plug-type, as long as directly be affixed on the fluidized-bed reactor wall just passablely, simple and convenient can not influence the flow field of fluid bed inside in the time of installation, flowing and instead would not impact internal system.
3) lower to environmental requirement, can be in more abominable environment of plant all weather operations, even really degree that still can inhibit signal under severe rugged environments such as high temperature, high pressure, dust truly reflects the multidate information of fluid bed inside.
4) acoustic signals can directly reflect the multidate information of fluid bed inside, is that material and the collision between reactor wall or the fluid bed inner material by fluid bed inside directly receives.
5) be that the method for a kind of safety, environmental protection does not have emission source, harmless, and adopt passive acoustic emission principle, and be safe for fluidized-bed reactor with flammable and explosive substance, can not cause the blast of reactor owing to reasons such as static.
6) more main is that the acoustic signals analysis means can carry out obtaining the particle diameter distribution by the decomposition of signal, and can provide the basis for pre-anti-agglomeration fault.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device of the fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring that uses of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is each the yardstick energy branch rate under small echo six dimensional analysis and the graph of a relation of grain diameter;
Fig. 3 is caking criterion figure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the change curve that silicon gel and quick lime are reflected at 50～100kHz frequency zones energy branch rate;
Fig. 5 (a) is the acoustic signals spectrogram that utilization Qilu Petrochemical of the present invention is produced
Fig. 5 (b) is the energy branch rate figure that the Qilu Petrochemical after utilization the present invention analyzes is produced.
The specific embodiment
A kind of device of fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring, it comprises sound wave receiving system 1, amplifying device 2, signal pickup assembly 3, signal processing apparatus 4 on the fluidized-bed reactor, its method may further comprise the steps:
The acoustic emission signal of a, reception fluidized-bed reactor inside;
B, analyze the acoustic emission signal receive, choose the energy branch rate P in the frequency f, amplitude A, ENERGY E, each frequency band of acoustic signals
i(energy in each frequency band and the ratio of gross energy, i is the frequency range number) or the combination parameter between four are as characteristic value;
Particle diameter distributes and the reunion degree in c, measure of the change the fluidized-bed reactor internal state, particularly fluidized-bed reactor by characteristic value.
Its sound wave receiving system is one or more passive acoustic emission transducers or active acoustic emission transducer, and includes one or more amplifying devices and signal pickup assembly.The transmit frequency range of sound wave receiving system is 0Hz～100MHz, and receive frequency range is 0Hz～100MHz.Wherein with the transmit frequency range of sound wave at 20KHz～10MHz, receive frequency range is good at 0Hz～1MHz.Amplifying device and signal pickup assembly gain ranging are 1～10000, and the signals collecting frequency range is 10Hz～100MHz.Wherein the amplifying device gain ranging is good 1～100, and the signals collecting frequency range is good at 10Hz～5MHz.
15%～40% the wall place of the sound wave receiving system position height of materials H that is the distribution grid of fluidized-bed reactor or distribution grid top to the bed.Wherein sound wave receiving system position above the distribution grid of fluidized-bed reactor in the bed 15%～40% the wall place of height of materials H be good.
The method of fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring be by the frequency f of acoustic signals and amplitude A concern particle diameter distribution situation in the qualitative analysis fluidized-bed reactor, reunion situation, the extent of reaction and fluidisation situation, divide rate P by the ENERGY E of acoustic signals and the energy of each frequency band
iChanging Pattern quantitative analysis reactor in particle diameter distribution situation, reunion situation, the extent of reaction and fluidisation situation, and carry out the control of working condition according to analysis result.Each frequency band is carried out segmentation on frequency range, but the frequency division hop count is 1～256, each continuous band energy divides rate P
iCan merge as required add and.
The type that the apparatus and method of fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring can be used for fluidized-bed reactor comprises: gas-solid fluidized bed reactor, liquid-solid fluid bed reactor and gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluid bed reactor.
The type that the apparatus and method of fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring can be used for fluidized-bed reactor comprises: fluidized-bed polymerization reactor and fluidized bed pelletizer.
As shown in Figure 1, the sound wave receiving system (transducer) of the multidate information of fluidized-bed reactor inside by 15%～40% the wall place of height of materials H in the distribution grid top bed that is arranged on fluidized-bed reactor enters amplifying device, and to carry out the amplification of signal unattenuated to guarantee at the interior signal of long distance, enter the acoustical signal harvester then and carry out the A/D conversion of signal, enter acoustic signals treating apparatus (computer) at last and handle and analyze.
The acoustic signals that is collected is carried out spectrum analysis, the relation of the frequency f obtain and amplitude A analyzed can the qualitative analysis fluidized-bed reactor in particle diameter distribution situation, reunion situation, the extent of reaction and fluidisation situation.As shown in table 1, different frequency segmentations can be represented different particle size, the frequency that amplitude is significantly located is low more, represent grain diameter big more, and the frequency that amplitude is significantly located is high more, and the grain diameter of representative is more little, in case bigger amplitude occurs at d 5 and d6 place, illustrate that agglomeration produces, the fluidisation situation worsens.Certainly the segmentation of table 1 is not unique, can be according to adopting frequency and segments to adjust.
Table 1 six yardstick frequency segmentation tables
| d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | |
| Frequency range (kHz) | 125～250 | 62.5～125 | 31.25～62.5 | 15.63～31.25 | 7.82～15.63 | 3.91～7.82 |
The acoustic signals that is collected is carried out the calculating of ENERGY E, and obtain energy branch rate P by mean allocation frequency band energy or the method by wavelet analysis dividing frequency section
i, utilize each frequency band energy branch rate P
iPerhaps side frequency section energy branch rate adds and ∑ P
iChanging Pattern, input as neutral net is trained, and be aided with the modern signal analysis means can the quantitative analysis reactor in particle diameter distribution situation, reunion situation, the extent of reaction and fluidisation situation, and according to analysis result controlling to gas speed, reactant ratio, catalyst ratio, temperature, these working conditions of pressure.
The graph of a relation that divides rate and grain diameter as each yardstick energy under six dimensional analysis of Fig. 2 small echo, little and the frequency height of the amplitude of pressure fluctuation in the fluid bed in analysis of pressure pulsation, show that then fluidisation is even or fluidization quality good, if and amplitude of pressure fluctuation is big and frequency is low, then fluidization quality is poor, equally, in the sound wave pulsation, similar principle is arranged also.Under the identical operations condition, the fluidization uniformity of bed is not only relevant with granularity, and relevant with particle grain size distribution.Therefore, say on the whole that along with the increase of particle diameter, energy branch rate is to move to high yardstick (low frequency range) from low yardstick (high frequency region), the dominant frequency that promptly embodies also from high frequency to low frequency variations.Particularly remarkable particularly in carry out the transition in the caking particle conversion between each yardstick of energy branch rate by normal polyethylene particle, the energy branch rate of low yardstick sharply reduces, and the energy of high yardstick divides the quick increase of rate correspondence, be that the sound wave ripple frequency reduces, the fluidization quality variation, this also can be used as the criterion that the caking particle occurs.Simultaneously, the conversion of energy branch rate also is the reflection of grain diameter between each yardstick of the wavelet analysis of particle, also can set up the corresponding relation of itself and grain diameter thus, and this has important effect for prediction that particle diameter distributes.
Because first yardstick has opposite variation tendency with the energy branch rate of the 4th yardstick, and vary within wide limits, the criterion that therefore can utilize the ratio between them to occur as caking.To P1/P4＞1, belong to the normal granules district, particle grain size is divided the rate decision by the energy of P1, P2, therefore can set up the corresponding relation of P1+P2 and particle diameter, as Fig. 3.To P1/P4＜1, belong to the agglomerated grain district, particle grain size is divided the rate decision by the energy of P4, P5, therefore can set up the corresponding relation of P4+P5 and particle diameter.
Different reactants and fluidized-bed reactor wall action all embody on the frequency of sound wave continuous spectrum to some extent, just rerum natura difference, the different reactant of particle diameter are different to the contribution on the different frequency of sound wave sections, and for example the material of Tuan Juing divides rate P for the energy of low frequency section
iContribution be significant, and divide rate P for the energy of high band
iContribution be very little.By this principle, be aided with neuronic method and just acoustic signals can be decomposed, quantitatively obtain content, particle diameter distribution situation, reunion situation, the extent of reaction and the fluidisation situation of different material in the reactor.
Embodiment 1
Adopt fluidized-bed reactor, carry out the reaction of silicon gel and quick lime, and send into by gas and to react fully at inside reactor.Measure frequency of sound wave scope that internal-response sends at 50～100kHz by the apparatus and method of utilization this patent, and divide rate to judge the extent of reaction by the energy in this frequency zones.As Fig. 4, this is the growth along with the time, divides the change curve of rate at 50～100kHz frequency zones energy.
It is as follows to record production status in LLDPE factory in Shandong produces:
Superficial gas velocity: 0.6m/s
Pressure: 2.1MPa
Temperature: 91 ℃
Density: 0.3g/cm
3
Fluid bed diameter: 3505mm
The quiet height of bed: 11.5m
Melt index: 1.98g/ (10min)
Particle diameter distributes: 10 orders: 10.73%
18 orders: 42.63%
35 orders: 31.00%
60 orders: 10.73%
120 orders: 4.93%
Use apparatus and method of the present invention behind the signal elimination external environment noise that factory gathers as Fig. 5 (a), the energy of Fig. 5 (b) after for the utilization wavelet packet analysis divides rate figure, adopts the particle diameter distribution that obtains after analysis of neural network and the Decoupling Analysis as following table:
Embodiment 3
The apparatus and method of utilization this patent in laboratory scale fluid bed, experiment parameter is as follows:
Superficial gas velocity: 0.6m/s
Pressure: 0.1MPa
Temperature: 25 ℃
Density: 0.3g/cm
3
Fluid bed diameter: 300mm
The quiet height of bed: 0.35m
Melt index: 1.98g/ (10min)
The polyethylene particle diameter distributes: 10 orders: 10.73%
18 orders: 42.63%
35 orders: 31.00%
60 orders: 10.73%
120 orders: 4.93%
Add agglomerate diameter: 20mm
Add caking quality percentage composition: 1%
Use analytical method of the present invention, have obvious peak to occur at 3.91k～15.63kHz place, and obtain the big or small 21.2mm of being of caking by the methods analyst of quantitative analysis of the present invention, percentage composition is 0.89%.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring method may further comprise the steps:
The acoustic emission signal of a, reception fluidized-bed reactor inside;
B, analyze the acoustic emission signal of the fluidized-bed reactor inside receive, choose the energy branch rate P of the ratio of energy in the frequency f, amplitude A, ENERGY E, each frequency band i of this acoustic signals and gross energy
iPerhaps the combination parameter between four is as characteristic value;
C, the acoustic signals that is collected is carried out the calculating of ENERGY E, and obtain each frequency band energy branch rate P by mean allocation frequency band energy or the method by wavelet analysis dividing frequency section
i, utilize each frequency band energy branch rate P
iPerhaps side frequency section energy branch rate adds and ∑ P
iChanging Pattern, as the input of neutral net, the ENERGY E by above-mentioned acoustic signals and the energy of each frequency band divide rate P
iChanging Pattern quantitative analysis reactor in particle diameter distribution situation, reunion situation, the extent of reaction and fluidisation situation.
2, fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the frequency range number that is divided is 1～256, each continuous band energy divides rate P
iCan merge as required add and.
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| US7947797B2 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2011-05-24 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Method for operating a gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates while controlling polymer stickiness |
| CN100405027C (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2008-07-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Detection method for reactor of fluid-bed |
| CN101349676B (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2013-09-04 | 宁波大学 | Method for monitoring small molecule and life macromolecule interaction by ultrasonic wave |
| CN101881754A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-11-10 | 浙江大学 | Detection method for drying equipment and device thereof |
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| CN103575333B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-10-07 | 中沙（天津）石化有限公司 | The detection method of particle from caking in multizone circulating reactor |
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