CN1286275A - Process for preparing graft copolymerization type non-ash disperser - Google Patents
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Abstract
A process for preparing the graft copolymerization type non-ash disperser includes reaction of methyl acrylate with polyolefine butanedioic anhydride in a mole ratio of (1-8):1 at 60-160 deg.C under the action of initiator, separating intermediate A, reaction of A with maleic anhydride under the action of initiator, separating intermediate B and aminating B. The product has better low-temp dispersity and the viscosity temp. characteristic, and viscosity-increasing and pour depressing actions on basic oil. After it (5 wt.%) is added to basic oil, the viscosity can be increased by 2-4 sq.mm/s, the viscosity index reaches 140 or more, and the low-temp dispersity and viscosity are raised by 20%.
Description
The invention belongs to the preparation of lubricating oil additive, exactly, is the preparation of succimide type ashless dispersant.In the internal combustion engine operation process, formed many paint films, greasy filth and carbon deposit, cause the obstruction of oil circuit and filter screen, wearing for piston, the piston ring bonding, and owing to contain many moisture in the greasy filth, oil engine is easy to by corrosion, has shortened the work-ing life of oil engine.For addressing the above problem, people extensively adopt the method that adds detergent-dispersant additive in lubricating oil, and the effect of dispersion agent is that the precursor with greasy filth, paint film and carbon deposit is dispersed in the oil, stops it to form greasy filth, paint film and carbon deposit, prolong the oil draining period, thereby prolong the work-ing life of oil engine.
Dispersion agent generally is a nitrogenous compound, and wherein the imido application of polyolefinic succinimide is the most general, and it generally is the polyolefinic succinimide imide that is made by the polyolefinic succinimide acid of long-chain or acid anhydrides and amine or polyamines reaction.Because the raw material of polyisobutene is easy to get, technology is easy, has good resistance of oxidation and anti-shear ability simultaneously, is most typical oil soluble alkyl in the present ashless dispersant.Relative molecular weight (the M of polyisobutene
n) generally between 900～2500, the low excessively (M of relative molecular weight
n＜300) just be not enough to disperse greasy filth, the too high (M of relative molecular weight
n＞2500) then because the low-temperature performance of polyisobutene is relatively poor, be not suitable as the oil soluble alkyl of dispersion agent.
In recent years, along with promoting the use of of direct-injection internal combustion engine, the soot scattering problem that produces because of incomplete combustion becomes increasingly conspicuous, and has shortened the work-ing life of oil engine; In addition, automobile high-speed low speed intersects exercises, and the high temperature deposition of gasoline engine oil and low temperature greasy filth are existed simultaneously.Given this, must change dispersion agent oil soluble alkyl, increase the alkyl molecular weight, increase and its equilibrated polar group simultaneously,, satisfy the requirement of modern lubricating oil to obtain stronger dispersive ability.And simple polyisobutene can not satisfy this requirement, needs to replace or the change structure with other alkyl.
US4234435 discloses a kind of high molecular ashless dispersant, the number-average molecular weight of oil soluble alkyl is between 1500～3500, molecular weight is preferably between 1700～2400 when being alkyl with the polybutene, the maleic anhydride substitution value is minimum to be 1.3, alkylation reaction is the chlorinated hydrocarbon metallization processes, has the three-waste pollution problem.
It is substituent ashless dispersant that CN1053810A has described a kind of polymkeric substance with ethene and alpha-olefin, and polymkeric substance wherein is ethylene-propylene copolymer and ethylene butene-1 multipolymer preferably.This dispersion agent is to be the ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer of the high-end alkene content of Preparation of Catalyst with metallocenes/aikyiaiurnirsoxan beta earlier, and its number-average molecular weight is 1500～5000, and reusable heat adduction hydrocarbonylation method is synthesized enetutanedioic acid anhydride, carries out amination with polyamines polyene then.It is said that its product can lower the formation of incrustation in the intake valve of internal combustion engine, reduce the multiviscosisty of valve bonding and crankcase oils simultaneously, and certain tackifying ability and good low-temperature performance are arranged.
WO 95/28460 described oil engine additive is earlier to be that 500～3000 polyisobutene and maleic anhydride react in the presence of initiator and make the alkene acid anhydride with molecular weight, carry out graft reaction with the comonomer of lower molecular weight (Mn＜500) and the reactant of maleic anhydride again, carry out amination, esterification or ester/amination at last.It is reported that this product has good dispersive ability and low-temperature performance, and have certain tackifying ability concurrently.
EP-A-0682102A2 introduces a kind of synthetic decentralized viscosity index poly-alpha olefins of introducing long-chain alpha-olefin that passes through and generates the polyolefinic succinimide acid anhydrides with maleic anhydride by hot adduction hydrocarbonylation respectively, the two is mixed by a certain percentage carry out amination again.After the product of this patented method preparation is reused in adding 5% in 150SN oil, ν
100 ℃Be 7.79cst, viscosity index is 133, and low temperature viscosity (20 ℃) is 2250Pas.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of have good low temperature dispersity energy and viscosity temperature characteristic, have the preparation method of the graft copolymerization type non-ash disperser of tackify and pour-point depressing process concurrently.
The preparation method of ashless dispersant provided by the invention comprises the steps:
(1) under action of evocating, making mol ratio is that 1～20: 1 methacrylic ester and polyolefin-based Succinic anhydried react isolation of intermediate products A;
(2) under action of evocating, making intermediate product A and consumption is 0.2～2.0 times maleic anhydride reaction of contained enetutanedioic acid anhydride mole number in the product A, isolation of intermediate products B;
(3) in the presence of solvent, intermediate product B and polyamines polyene are reacted, collect product.
Specifically, the preparation of ashless dispersant provided by the invention comprises the steps:
(1) graft copolymerization
In the presence of initiator and solvent oil and under the nitrogen protection; making mol ratio is 1～20: 1; preferred 2～15: 1; more preferably 2～10: 1 methacrylic ester and polyolefin-based Succinic anhydried are at 60～200 ℃; preferred 80～170 ℃ were reacted 1～15 hour down; preferred 3～10 hours, unreacted monomer was removed in distillation, filtered and obtained intermediate product A.
(2) replenish anhydridization
In the presence of initiator and under the nitrogen protection; intermediate product A is mixed with maleic anhydride; wherein, the consumption of maleic anhydride is to contain 0.2～2.0 times of enetutanedioic acid anhydride mole number, preferred 0.5～1.0 times; at 120～220 ℃; preferred 140～200 ℃, reacted preferred 3～7 hours 2～10 hours; unreacted monomer is removed in underpressure distillation, obtains intermediate product B.
(3) amination
Be selected from toluene, dimethylbenzene equal solvent in the presence of, in intermediate product B, add polyamines polyene according to 1/4～1/2 of its acid number mole number, at 60～200 ℃, preferred 80～150 ℃ of reactions 4～10 hours.
Wherein in graft copolymerization, the feed way of initiator, ester and alkene acid anhydride can be one of following mode: (one) mixes back dropping initiator with ester and alkene acid anhydride; (2) initiator and ester are mixed the dropping initiator; (3) alkene acid anhydride and initiator are mixed back dropping ester; (4) two-step approach is mixed alkene acid anhydride and a part of initiator earlier, drips a part of ester, adds remaining initiator again and drips remaining ester.Optimal way in the aforesaid way (three) and (four), this is because ester autohemagglutination ability is stronger, behind the dropping ester, a small amount of very fast and excessive alkene acid anhydride graft copolymerization of ester, gained multipolymer viscosity and molecular weight are all bigger, and other dual mode causes the autohemagglutination of ester easily.The reinforced time length of ester can be 2～6 hours.
Said initiator can be an initiator known in this field and commonly used, and as benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, peroxidation uncle butane etc., the consumption of initiator generally is 0.1%～5% of a reactant weight.
The ester group of said methacrylic ester can be C
4～C
22Alkyl, preferred C
8～C
18Alkyl.
Said polyolefin-based Succinic anhydried is made by hot addition reaction by polyolefine and fourth diester acid anhydride, wherein polyolefine can be polyisobutene, polybutene or ethylene-propylene copolymer etc., polyolefine middle-end alkene content is not less than 60%, more preferably greater than 75%, polyolefin molecular weight is 500～5000, preferred 800～3000.
Said polyamines polyene is selected from diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine and five ethene hexamines.
Above-mentioned reaction process can be represented with following equation: 1. hot adduction:
2. graft copolymerization:
3. replenish anhydridization:
4. amination:
In the formula
Represent the polyisobutene chain disconnected,
Represent the polymethacrylate chain disconnected.
The preparation method of graft copolymerization type non-ash disperser provided by the invention, polymethacrylate is introduced in the polyolefin-based Succinic anhydried molecule, increased oil-soluble group, simultaneously again by replenishing anhydridization, increase the nitrogen content of aminate, made oil-soluble group and polar group obtain better balance.Thereby ashless dispersant provided by the invention not only has good low temperature dispersity energy and viscosity temperature characteristic, also has certain tackifying ability and pour-point depressing process concurrently.Heavily add in the base oil with 5%, viscosity increases by 2～4mm2.s-1, and viscosity index can reach more than 140, and the viscosity rate of increase of low temperature dispersity is lower than 20%.
The invention will be further described below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
In the there-necked flask that thermopair, condenser, opening for feed and agitator are housed, add the 150SN base oil solution 200g that contains 50% polyisobutylene butanedioic anhydride (0.0714mol).Polyisobutylene butanedioic anhydride is 1300 the polyisobutene (BASF AG's product) and the hot adduction hydrocarbonylation product of maleic anhydride for end alkene content accounts for 80% number-average molecular weight.Under nitrogen protection, be warming up to 80 ℃, add the 0.5g benzoyl peroxide then, after stirring, in 4 hours, add 160g (0.568mol) methacrylic acid 14 esters, finish said process after, reacted 6 hours.Underpressure distillation to 150 ℃ under vacuum tightness 1.5KPa kept 1 hour, steamed unreacted ester, added flocculating aids then, and filtered while hot obtains light brown liquid, i.e. intermediate product A1.In 100g intermediate product A1 and 1.4g maleic anhydride (0.014mol) and 5.2g initiator adding round-bottomed flask, under nitrogen protection, be warming up to 140 ℃, reacted 5.5 hours, replenish the anhydridization reaction.Be underpressure distillation 2 hours under the 1.5KPa in vacuum tightness then, steam unreacted maleic anhydride, obtain intermediate product B1, acid number 54mgKOH/g.Add 80g dimethylbenzene in intermediate product B1, be warming up to 120 ℃ under nitrogen protection, add 4.5g (0.024mol) tetraethylene pentamine, reacted 5 hours, steaming desolventizes, product nitrogen content 1.59%.Products obtained therefrom is called in the 150SN base oil with 5 heavy %, evaluate every performance, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
In the there-necked flask that thermopair, condenser, opening for feed and agitator are housed, add the 150SN base oil solution 200g that contains 50% polyisobutylene butanedioic anhydride (0.0417mol).Polyisobutylene butanedioic anhydride is 2300 the polyisobutene (BASF AG's product) and the hot adduction hydrocarbonylation product of maleic anhydride for end alkene content accounts for 80% number-average molecular weight.Under nitrogen protection, be warming up to 100 ℃, add the 0.5g benzoyl peroxide then, after stirring, in 3 hours, add 15.9g (0.0625mol) methacrylic dodecyl gallate, finish said process after, reacted 6 hours.Step distillation, filtration according to embodiment 1 obtain intermediate product A2.In 100g intermediate product A2 and 3g (0.03mol) maleic anhydride and 1.2g initiator adding round-bottomed flask, under nitrogen protection, be warming up to 220 ℃, reacted 6 hours, after the underpressure distillation, obtain intermediate product B2, acid number 45mgKOH/g.Add 80g dimethylbenzene in intermediate product B2, be warming up to 100 ℃ under nitrogen protection, add 4g (0.02mol) tetraethylene pentamine, reacted 5 hours, steaming desolventizes, and product nitrogen content is 1.4 heavy %.Products obtained therefrom is called in the 150SN base oil with 5 heavy %, evaluate every performance, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
In the there-necked flask that thermopair, condenser, opening for feed and agitator are housed, add the 150SN base oil solution 200g that contains 50% polyolefin-based Succinic anhydried (0.032mol).Polyolefin-based Succinic anhydried is 3000 the ethylene-propylene copolymer (with reference to the preparation of US4668834 method) and the hot adduction hydrocarbonylation product of maleic anhydride for the number-average molecular weight of end alkene content＞60%.Under nitrogen protection, be warming up to 160 ℃, add the 6.6g tert-butyl peroxide then, after stirring, in 4 hours, add 31.8g (0.16mol) Octyl methacrylate, finish said process after, reacted 6 hours.Method distillation, filtration according to embodiment 1 obtain intermediate product A3.In 100g intermediate product A3 and 3.1g maleic anhydride and 0.5g initiator adding round-bottomed flask, under nitrogen protection, be warming up to 180 ℃, reacted 4 hours, obtain intermediate product B3 after the underpressure distillation, acid number 45mgKOH/g.Add 80g dimethylbenzene in intermediate product B3, be warming up to 120 ℃ under nitrogen protection, add 3.5g (0.019mol) tetraethylene pentamine, react after 5 hours, steaming desolventizes, product nitrogen content 1.25 heavy %.Products obtained therefrom is called in the 150SN base oil with 5 heavy %, evaluate every performance, the results are shown in Table 1.
As a comparison, every performance of commercially available succimide type ashless dispersant (T151) is also listed in the table 1.
In the table 1, viscosity index reaction viscosity temperature characteristic, viscosity rate of increase low temperature reaction dispersing property, the viscosity rate of increase is more little, and low temperature dispersity can be good more.Base oil is the 150SN lubricating oil that Dalian Petrochemical Industry Company produces.As known from Table 1, graft copolymerization type non-ash disperser provided by the invention has better viscosity temperature characteristic and low temperature dispersity energy than T151, also has tackify and pour-point depressing process concurrently.
Table 1
Wherein the viscosity rate of increase of low temperature dispersity is measured as follows: (1). the carbon black with 1.0%, 5% additive add in the 150SN base oil, add dissipation of heat after, get
| Product performance | Base oil | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | ?T151 |
| Nitrogen content, heavy % | ??--- | 1.59 | ?1.4 | ?1.25 | ?2.0 |
| Viscosity v 100℃,mm 2.s -1 | 5.36 | ?8.63 | ?7.53 | ?9.56 | ?6.96 |
| Viscosity v 40℃,mm 2.s -1 | 50.02 | ?42.50 | ?56.73 | ?42.92 | |
| Viscosity index VI | ?105 | ?150 | ?145 | ?155 | ?124 |
| CCS viscosity (15 ℃), MPa.s | ?1300 | ?1500 | ?1600 | ?1550 | ?1600 |
| The viscosity rate of increase, % | 5.36 | ?5.74 | ?17.16 | ?15.08 | ?54.58 |
| Pour point, ℃ | -11 | -27 | -22 | -14 | -11 |
25 gram samples are put into test tube; (2). the test tube that oil sample will be housed is put into high shearing mixing emulsor, change at 68 ± 2 ℃, 10000/
The condition down cut that divides 10 minutes; (3). with the water bath with thermostatic control that the kapillary Countercurrent capalastometer is taken a sample and put into 60 ± 0.1 ℃, constant temperature 15 minutes
After, measure its 60 ℃ of kinematic viscosity; (4). calculate viscosity and viscosity rate of increase.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a graft copolymerization type non-ash disperser is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) under action of evocating, making mol ratio is that 1～8: 1 methacrylic ester and polyolefin-based Succinic anhydried react isolation of intermediate products A;
(2) under action of evocating, making intermediate product A and consumption is 0.2～2.0 times maleic anhydride reaction of contained enetutanedioic acid anhydride mole number in the product A, isolation of intermediate products B;
(3) in the presence of solvent, intermediate product B and polyamines polyene are reacted, collect product.
2. according to the said preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that temperature of reaction is 60～200 ℃ in the step (1), the reaction times is 1～15 hour.
3. according to the said preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that temperature of reaction is 120～220 ℃ in the step (2), 2～10 hours reaction times.
4. according to the said preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that temperature of reaction is 60～200 ℃ in the step (3), the reaction times is 4～10 hours.
5. according to the said preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in intermediate product B, add polyamines polyene in the step (3) according to 1/4～1/2 of its acid number mole number.
6. according to the said preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that initiator is selected from benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide or peroxidation uncle butane, the consumption of initiator is 0.1～5% of a reactant weight.
7. according to the said preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the ester group of said methacrylic ester is C in the step (1)
4～C
22Alkyl.
8. according to the said preparation method of claim 7, it is characterized in that the ester group of said methacrylic ester is C in the step (1)
8～C
18Alkyl.
9. according to the said preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, said polyolefin-based Succinic anhydried is made by hot addition reaction by polyolefine and Succinic anhydried in the step (1), wherein polyolefine is selected from end alkene content and is not less than 60% polyisobutene, polybutene or ethylene-propylene copolymer, and polyolefin molecular weight is 500～5000.
10. according to the said preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that said polyamines polyene is selected from diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine and five ethene hexamines in the step (3).
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101385958B (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2011-04-13 | 西北工业大学 | Polyester type amphipathic nature ultra-dispersant and preparation method thereof |
| CN102775546A (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-14 | 永港伟方（北京）科技股份有限公司 | Branched polyacrylic acid dispersant, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102936521A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Diesel oil composition and method for improving biodiesel oxidation stability |
| CN106279473A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 朝阳中联化工有限公司 | A kind of synthetic method of macromolecule boronation polyisobutylene succinamide |
| CN111321027A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-23 | 苏州丰倍生物科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly water-soluble lubricant for metal working fluid and synthetic method thereof |
| CN110016101B (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2021-08-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Preparation method of soot dispersed polymethacrylate compound |
| CN113603831A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-05 | 新乡市瑞丰新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high molecular weight soot ashless dispersant |
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1999
- 1999-08-31 CN CN 99119284 patent/CN1115351C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101385958B (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2011-04-13 | 西北工业大学 | Polyester type amphipathic nature ultra-dispersant and preparation method thereof |
| CN102775546A (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-14 | 永港伟方（北京）科技股份有限公司 | Branched polyacrylic acid dispersant, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102775546B (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2014-04-30 | 永港伟方（北京）科技股份有限公司 | Branched polyacrylic acid dispersant, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102936521A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Diesel oil composition and method for improving biodiesel oxidation stability |
| CN102936521B (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2015-03-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Diesel oil composition and method for improving biodiesel oxidation stability |
| CN106279473A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 朝阳中联化工有限公司 | A kind of synthetic method of macromolecule boronation polyisobutylene succinamide |
| CN110016101B (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2021-08-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Preparation method of soot dispersed polymethacrylate compound |
| CN111321027A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-23 | 苏州丰倍生物科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly water-soluble lubricant for metal working fluid and synthetic method thereof |
| CN113603831A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-05 | 新乡市瑞丰新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high molecular weight soot ashless dispersant |
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