CN1285863A - Lubricant compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

A marine diesel engine lubricant composition having a TBN of at least 10 and preferably a VI of at least 90, comprises a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity, and admixed therewith, minor amounts of an ashless antiwear additive and a metal detergent in the form of (i) an overbased metal detergent having a TBN at least 300, preferably at least 330, more preferably at least 400, and comprising a surfactant system derived from at least two surfactants, and/or (ii) a metal detergent other than (i); provided that, if detergent (ii) is present, the composition does not contain a minor amount of an extreme pressure additive, being up to 5.0 mass % based on the total mass of the composition.

Description

Lubricant compositions

The present invention relates to a kind of improved lubricant compositions peculiar to vessel, for example be applicable to the marine diesel lubricant cylinder (MDCL) of crosshead diesel engine.More particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of finished lubricants prescription with improved piston ring and liner wear performance.

Crosshead diesel engine, there are lubrication problem in the cylinder buss and the piston ring of especially this engine, because service temperature and pressure can cause the breakage of lubricant film on the cylinder buss inwall.If like this, this cylinder buss and/or piston ring can excessive wears.

EP-A-369804 discloses a kind of method of lubricated engine with outside guide, comprises, use comprises the base oil of main amount and the lubricant compositions of a small amount of wear preventive additive and extreme pressure additive lubricates this engine.It is said that the amount of extreme pressure additive should be enough to produce the extreme pressure effect, usually the highest 5.0% quality that accounts for described composition gross weight.Therefore, EP-A-369804 points out, in order to produce efficient, extreme pressure additive need be used in combination with wear preventive additive.

The present invention addresses the above problem like this: use at least a ashless wear preventive additive to lubricate marine diesel and need not a small amount of extreme pressure additive, produce effective wear-resistant efficient simultaneously under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of marine diesel cylinder buss and piston ring; In addition, EP-A-369804 describes, and will be used in combination with high alkalinity 300 TBN calcium sulphonate as the high alkalinity 250 TBN calcium phenylates that help additive.The present invention also is used in combination a small amount of ashless wear preventive additive especially effectively.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of TBN that has and is at least 10, as be at least 20, and the viscosity index that preferably has is at least 90, preferably at least 100, more preferably at least 110 marine diesel lubricant compositions, said composition comprises the oil with lubricant viscosity and a spot of following material of main amount, or is mixed by their and to obtain:

(A) ashless wear preventive additive; With

(B) metal detergent, its form is:

(ⅰ) TBN is at least 300, and preferably at least 330, more preferably at least 400 and comprise high alkalinity metal washing composition derived from the surfactant system of at least two kinds of tensio-active agents, and/or

(ⅱ) metal detergent of non-(ⅰ);

Prerequisite is that if washing composition (ⅱ) exists, said composition does not just contain a spot of extreme pressure additive, that is: the highest extreme pressure additive that accounts for described composition total mass 5.0% quality.

A second aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of preparation TBN and is at least 10, as be at least 20, and preferably have viscosity index and be at least 90, preferably at least 100, the more preferably method of at least 110 marine diesel lubricant compositions, comprise that the lubricant viscosity oil that will mainly measure mixes with (A) of a spot of first aspect present invention definition with (B), prerequisite is, if cleaning composition (ⅱ), so do not sneak into a spot of, that is: the highest extreme pressure additive that accounts for described composition total mass 5.0% quality.

Preferably, when using metal detergent (B) (ⅱ), the amount of extreme pressure additive (if use) does not account for 5.0% quality at the most, 4% quality, 3% quality, 2% quality or 1% quality of described lubricant compositions quality.More preferably, there is not extreme pressure additive, and when using metal detergent (B) (ⅰ), do not exist yet.

Opposite with the wear preventive additive of avoiding wearing and tearing under appropriate final condition, extreme pressure additive can prevent the welding of matching surface, thisly is welded on relative object and during the phase mutual friction, takes place under the too high local temperature that is produced under enough loads.The protection of back one form is only just effective under high local temperature condition.Therefore, extreme pressure additive is a kind of spy's temperature additive basically.Aforementioned EP-A-369804 has described extreme pressure additive, and also in " engineering tribology " (Oxford University Press, 1994), the 354-357 page or leaf is described J A Williams.Back one reference points out that the practical function of extreme pressure additive is under comparatively high temps, perhaps is up under 300-400 ℃ the temperature to be lubricated; On the contrary, according to back one reference, wear preventive additive then is lubricated at a lower temperature, mode of action difference.

A third aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of marine diesel lubricant compositions, oil and a spot of (A) metal detergent of comprising main amount with lubricant viscosity, or obtain by mixing them, wherein (A) comprises a kind of boron ester cpds with sulfur-bearing of logical formula I:

R wherein ¹Expression has the alkyl of 4-12 carbon atom, R ²And R ³Expression-(OR independently ⁴) _nSR ¹Or-(OR ⁴) _nSR ¹OH; R4 represents to have the alkyl of 1-6 carbon atom; N is the integer of 1-4; And l and m are 0,1 or 2 independently;

A kind of ring-type metaboric acid ester with logical formula I:

Wherein n, R ¹And R ⁴Definition is as the structure formula I; Or the mixture of structure formula I boron ester and structure formula II metaboric acid ester, and (B) metal detergent.

A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing the marine diesel lubricant compositions, comprises that the oil with lubricant viscosity that will mainly measure mixes with the additive of a spot of third aspect present invention definition.

A fifth aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of method that reduces marine diesel piston ring and cylinder buss wearing and tearing, this method comprises, uses according to the present invention first or the third aspect or by the lubricant compositions that the present invention second or fourth aspect are made and lubricates this engine.

A sixth aspect of the present invention relates to the application of lubricant compositions in reducing the wearing and tearing of marine diesel piston ring and cylinder buss, comprise, use according to the present invention first or the third aspect or by the lubricant compositions that the present invention second or fourth aspect are made and lubricate this engine.

A seventh aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of method of lubricated marine diesel, comprises, will be administered on this engine according to the present invention first or the third aspect or the marine diesel lubricant compositions of making by the present invention second or fourth aspect.When implementing seventh aspect present invention, this engine represents with elementary sulfur that for a kind of fuel is arranged its sulphur content is no more than 1.5% quality, for example is the 0.5-1% quality.

In this manual, TBN (total alkali number) measures by ASTM D2896, and viscosity index then defines according to ASTM D2270.

In this manual, unless refer else, the ratio of additive represents that with the ratio of its activeconstituents (being called " a.i. " sometimes) for example these ratios do not comprise thinner.

In this manual, " alkyl " is meant the group that is connected with the remainder of molecule by carbon atom, and it comprises hydrogen atom and carbon atom, and can comprise the atom except hydrogen and carbon, as heteroatoms, as long as they do not influence the character of hydrocarbon basically of this group.

Go through feature of the present invention now.

Marine diesel

Lubricant compositions of the present invention is applicable to 4-stroke pot type piston diesel engine, and for example engine speed is 200-2000rpm, and as 400-1000rpm, and the brake power of each cylinder (BHP) is 50-3000, preferred 100-2000.It also is applicable to the 2-stroke, diesel crosshead engines, and for example speed is 40-200rpm, and the BHP of preferred 60-120rpm and each cylinder is 500-10000.During the engine of mentioned kind can be called respectively-and low-fast diesel engine.This engine is preferably crosshead diesel engine.

Lubricant compositions

The TBN of this lubricant compositions preferably is at least 40, for example is 60-100.The viscosity index of this lubricant compositions preferably is at least 115, more preferably is at least 120, is up to 180, and for example 150, preferred 130.Preferred viscosity index is 120-130.

The kinematic viscosity (according to ASTM D445 measure) of this lubricant compositions under 100 ℃ can for example be at least 14 millimeters ²/ second, preferably be at least 15 millimeters ²/ second, more preferably 17-30 millimeter ²/ second, for example 17-25 millimeter ²/ second.

Said composition can be made by a spot of above definition and additive described here and as required one or more being helped additive (for example being described below) add in the oil with lubricant viscosity separately or as mixture.

Lubricating oil

Oil (being called lubricant sometimes) with lubricant viscosity can be any oil that is applicable to lubricated engine with outside guide or trunk-piston engine.This lubricating oil may suitably be animal, plant or mineral oil.Suitable is that this lubricant is the lubricating oil of petroleum derivation, as naphthene base crude oil, alkane base oil or mixing base oil.In addition, this lubricating oil can be a kind of ucon oil.Suitable ucon oil comprises synthetic ester oil grease, and these oil comprise diester such as Octyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate and hexanodioic acid tridecyl ester or polymer hydrocarbon lubricating oil such as liquid polyisobutene and poly-alpha olefins.Usually adopt mineral oil.This lubricating oil generally surpasses 60% quality of described composition, surpass 70% quality usually, and its kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is the 2-40 millimeter usually ²/ second, for example 3-15 millimeter ²/ second, and viscosity index is 80-100, for example 90-95.

Another kind of lubricating oil comprises hydrocrackates, and it in the presence of hydrogen, forms when cut and last running in refinery practice further decomposes under high temperature and middle pressure.The kinematic viscosity of cracked oil under 100 ℃ is generally the 2-40 millimeter ²/ second, for example 3-15 millimeter ²/ second, and viscosity index is generally 100-110, for example 105-108.

Carry out the kinematic viscosity of base oil under 100 ℃ that solvent extraction and diasphaltene obtain by vacuum resid and be generally the 28-36 millimeter ²/ second, also be applicable to the present invention.Their ratio is usually less than 30% quality of described composition quality, preferably is lower than 20% quality, more preferably less than 15% quality, most preferably is lower than 10% quality, for example is lower than 5% quality.

Term used herein " oil molten " or " oil is dispersible " do not represent, compound or additive with any ratio dissolve in, be dissolvable in water, can be miscible in maybe being suspended in the described oil.But their expressions, for example, the degree of their dissolvings in described oil or stable dispersion makes that they can its specific function of performance in the environment that adopts described oil.The special additive that can add high level when in addition, adding other additive in addition as required.

The definition component that lubricant compositions of the present invention comprised chemically may remain unchanged before and after mixing or change.

(A) ashless wear preventive additive

Term used herein " ashless " is meant the additive that does not have metal.

Ashless wear preventive additive is by carrying out chemical reaction to form supercoat with the metallic surface, makes moving-member wear and tear minimum when slipping over mutually and protects not frayed.

Ashless wear preventive additive optional from sulfur-bearing-, phosphorus-or boron-additive and composition thereof.

The example of the ashless wear preventive additive of sulfur-bearing is the compound that contains the sulfo-carbamate, as thiocarbamate, thiocarbamyl amine, thiocarbamate ether, alkylidene group link coupled thiocarbamate and two (S-alkyl dithio carbamyl) disulphide.

The compound that contains dithiocarbamate can be made by dithiocarbamic acid or salt and unsaturated compound are reacted.This compound that contains dithiocarbamate also can be made by amine, dithiocarbonic anhydride and unsaturated compound are reacted simultaneously.In general, be reflected under 25-125 ℃ the temperature and carry out.United States Patent (USP) 4758362 and 4997969 has been described dithio carbamate compounds and preparation method thereof.

The dithiocarbamic acid of the compound that contains dithiocarbamate that can be used for preparing or salt can obtain by amine and dithiocarbonic anhydride are reacted.Amine can be primary amine or secondary amine, preferred secondary amine.Amine generally can comprise alkyl.Each alkyl can comprise the highest by 40 independently, or 2-30, or 3-24, or even the highest 12 carbon atoms.

The example that can be used for primary amine of the present invention comprises ethamine, propylamine, butylamine, 2 ethyl hexylamine, octylame and n-Laurylamine.

Uncle's fat (C _8-30) amine also is suitable, comprises n-octyl amine, n-Decylamine, n-dodecane amine, n-tetradecane amine, n-hexadecane amine, Octadecane amine and oleyl amine.Other useful aliphatic amide comprises commercially available aliphatic amide, as " Armeen " (RTM) amine (from Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, the product of Illinois), Armeen C, Armeen O, Armeen OL, Armeen T, ArmeenHT, Armeen S and Armeen SD as Akzo, wherein letter designation relates to fat group, as coco group, oil base, tallow or stearyl.

Other useful amine comprises uncle's ether amine, for example by formula R ¹¹RO ¹) _xNH ₂Those of expression, wherein R ¹Expression has the divalent alkyl of 2-6 carbon atom; X is 1-150, or the number of 1-5, or 1; And R ¹¹Expression has the alkyl of 5-150 carbon atom.An example of ether amine can be used as name of an article SURFAM ^_Amine and obtaining, by Mars Chemical Company, Atlanta, Georgia production and sales.The example of preferred ether amine is for being called SURFAM P14B (decyl oxygen base propyl group amine), SURFAMP16A (linear C ₁₆), SURFAM P17B (tridecyl oxygen base propyl group amine) those.The carbon chain lengths of above-mentioned SURFAMS (that is C, ₁₄) be suitable, and comprise oxygen-ether linkage.

Amine can also be uncle's aliphatic primary amine.In general, aliphatic group (preferred alkyl) comprises 4-30, or 6-24, or 8-22 carbon atom.Usually, primary t-alkyl-amine is by formula R ₁-C (R ₁ ¹) ₂-NH ₂The monoamine of expression, wherein R ₁ ¹Expression comprises the alkyl of 1-27 carbon atom independently, and each R ₁' independently expression have the alkyl of 1-12 carbon atom.The example of these amine is TERTIARY BUTYL AMINE, uncle's hexylamine, 1-methyl isophthalic acid-amino-hexanaphthene, tert-Octylamine, uncle's decyl amine, uncle's n-Laurylamine, uncle's tetradecylamine, uncle's cetylamine, uncle's octadecane amine, uncle's tetracosane amine and uncle's octacosyl.

The mixture of amine also is useful.The example of this amine mixt is " Primene 81R ", and it is C ₁₁-C ₁₄The mixture of primary t-alkyl-amine; " Primene JMT ", it is C ₁₈-C ₂₂The mixture of primary t-alkyl-amine (all available from Rohm and Haas Company).Primary t-alkyl-amine and preparation method thereof is known in the art.Can be used for primary t-alkyl-amine of the present invention and preparation method thereof and be described in United States Patent (USP) 2945749.

Concrete secondary amine comprises dimethyl amine, diethylamide, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diamyl amine, dihexyl amine, diheptyl amine, methylethyl amine, N-Ethylbutylamine and ethyl pentyl group amine, and secondary amine can be cyclammonium, as piperidines, piperazine and morpholine.

Dithio carbamyl amine compound can be made by one or more dithiocarbamic acids or salt and unsaturated amides are reacted.The reaction product of dithiocarbamic acid and salt and unsaturated amides is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 4758362 (Butke) and 4997969 (Luciani).

Curing carboxylamine ether compound comprises the reaction product of dithiocarbamic acid or salt and unsaturated acid, acid anhydrides or ester.

Dithiocarbamic acid ether also comprises the reaction product of dithiocarbamic acid or salt and vinyl ether.

Can be used for alkylidene group coupling dithiocarbamate of the present invention can be by reacting the salt of dithiocarbamic acid and suitable two halocarbons that contain to make.React generally at 25-150 ℃, or carry out under the highest 100 ℃ temperature.United States Patent (USP) 3876550 has been described the alkylidene group dithio carbamate compounds, and United States Patent (USP) 1726647 and 1736429 has been described phenylmethylene two (dithiocarbamate) and preparation method thereof.

Two (S-alkyl Dithiocarbamyl) disulphide or sulphur coupling dithiocarbamate can be made by following steps: (A) with halogenation sulphur and stoichiometric (ⅰ) at least a alkene or (ⅱ) aldehydes or ketones react; temperature and time during reaction is enough to produce two (halo alkyl) sulphur intermediates or dialdehyde or diketone sulphur intermediate; (B) reacts the salt of this intermediate and dithiocarbamate then, and its amount generally is enough to substitute two halo groups or react with two carbonyls of dialdehyde or diketone with dithiocarbamate groups group.The used halogenation sulphur of first step (A) can be sulfur monochloride (that is S, ₂Cl ₂), the mixture of the variable quantity of sulfur dichloride, sulfur monobromide, dibrominated sulphur or any above-mentioned halogenation sulphur and elemental sulfur.

Two (S-alkyl Dithiocarbamyl) disulphide also can be made by a kind of like this method; this method may further comprise the steps: (A) alkene and halogen reaction are formed halogen-containing intermediate; (B) reacts the salt of described intermediate and alkali metalsulphide and dithiocarbamate then, presents in an amount at least sufficient to that wherein halogen group is partly replaced to dithiocarbamate groups group and/or part replaces to sulfide group.Two (S-alkyl Dithiocarbamyl) disulphide is described in United States Patent (USP) 2599350.

The example of phosphorous ashless wear preventive additive is a phosphoric acid ester; And phosphorus-containing carboxylic acid, ester, ether or acid amides.Phosphoric acid comprises phosphoric acid, phosphonic acids, phospho acid, and thiophosphoric acid comprises phosphorodithioic acid and single thiophosphate, thiophosphinic acid and phosphonothionic acid.

Phosphoric acid ester can be by with one or more phosphoric acid or acid anhydrides and comprise more than 1, and for example the alcohol of 3 above carbon atoms reacts and makes.This alcohol generally comprises the highest by 30, as the highest by 24, and for example the highest 12 carbon atoms.Phosphoric acid or acid anhydrides generally can be inorganic phosphorus reagents, as five phosphorus oxide, phosphorus trioxide, four phosphorus oxide, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, Phosphorates phosphorus Halides, rudimentary phosphide or phosphoric sulfide (comprising thiophosphoric anhydride).

The example of useful phosphoric acid ester comprises by phosphoric acid or acid anhydrides and cresols alcohol are reacted the phosphoric acid ester of making.An example of this phosphoric acid ester is a tritolyl phosphate.

Single thiophosphate ester can pass through sulphur source and phosphorous acid dialkyl ester.The sulphur source can for example be an elemental sulfur.The sulphur source can also be a monosulphide, as sulphur link coupled alkene or sulphur link coupled phosphorodithioate.Elemental sulfur is a kind of preferred sulphur source.The preparation of monothio phosphoric acid ester is described in United States Patent (USP) 4755311 and the open WO87/07638 of PCT.

The amine salt of phosphoric acid ester can be made by ammonia or amine (comprising monoamine and polyamine).Amine can be primary amine, secondary amine or tertiary amine.Useful amine comprises that United States Patent (USP) 4234435 walks to disclosed those amine of the 27th hurdle the 50th row on the 21st hurdle the 4th.

Contain phosphamide and can pass through a kind of above-mentioned phosphoric acid, preferred phosphorodithioic acid and a kind of above-mentioned unsaturated amides react and make.The reaction product of phosphoric acid and unsaturated amides can be further be connected or coupling compound, react as formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde.It is known in the art containing phosphamide, is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 4670169,4770807 and 4876374.

The phosphorus-containing carboxylic acid ester can pass through a kind of above-mentioned phosphoric acid, and preferred phosphorodithioic acid and a kind of above-mentioned unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester react and make.If the use carboxylic acid, this ester can obtain by phosphoric acid-unsaturated carboxylic acid affixture is reacted with for example above alcohol when describing phosphoric acid ester subsequently.

The example of the ashless wear preventive additive of boracic is boric acid ester, boration aliphatic amide, boration epoxide and boration phosphatide.

Boration amine can be by with one or more above-mentioned boron compounds such as boric acid or boric acid ester and aliphatic amide, as the amine with 4-18 carbon atom reacts and makes.

The boration fat epoxide generally is the reaction product of one or more above-mentioned boron compounds and at least a epoxide.The boration fat epoxide generally is known, is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 4584115.

Boration phosphatide can be made by phosphatide and boron compound are reacted together.

Boric acid ester can synthesize by the reaction of boron source such as boric acid and alcohol.This alcohol can be polyvalent alcohol, as 1, and the 3-glycol, and can have the highest 24 carbon atoms, and can comprise other atom, as sulphur.

In addition, EP-A-0216909 discloses metaboric acid ester anti-wear agent, and it has following structural formula:

Wherein R represents hydrogen atom respectively independently or comprises the alkyl of 1-18 carbon atom, and each R ' respectively independently expression comprise the alkylidene group of 2-4 carbon atom.

Provide the anti-wear agent of boron and sulphur for example to be disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 3303130 simultaneously, wherein described a kind of organosulfur substituted alkyl anti-wear agent with following general formula:

Wherein R is selected from hydrogen atom, comprises alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl and the cycloalkyl of 1-16 carbon atom, and n is the 2-16 integer of (containing).These compounds can be made by sulfo-alcohol and boric acid are reacted with at least 3: 1 mol ratio, and sulphur/boron weight ratio is provided is 3.33: 1 wear preventive additive.Similar compound can obtain by alcohol, hydroxyl sulfide and boron compound are reacted, and the application in lubricating oil composition is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 4492640 as low friction compound for they.

The preferred example that comprises the suitable boric acid ester of sulphur is above in third aspect present invention definition those.

In its structure formula I, preferably, R ¹Expression has the alkyl of 6-9 carbon atom, R ⁴Expression has the alkyl of 2-4 carbon atom, and l, m and n are respectively 1.More preferably, R ¹Have 6 carbon atoms, and R ⁴Have 2 carbon atoms.

In its structure formula II, preferably, R ¹Expression has the alkyl of 6-9 carbon atom, and R ⁴Expression has the alkyl of 2-4 carbon atom.More preferably, R ¹Have 6 carbon atoms, and R ⁴Have 2 carbon atoms.

Alkyl can be identical or different and be preferably alkyl.

Above-mentioned boric acid ester with structure formula I and (II) can be the product that alkoxyalkyl sulphur and boric acid obtain by carrying out condensation reaction at least about 1: 1 mol ratio.Suitable alkoxyalkyl sulphur is the compound with structure formula III:

R ¹(SR ⁴)OH????(Ⅲ)

R wherein ¹And R ⁴Define as above, and n is the integer of 1-4.Preferred compound with structure formula III comprises hydroxyethyl dodecyl sulphur, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-sulfo--decane and hydroxyethyl octyl group sulphur (HEOS).Alkoxyalkyl sulphur can comprise individualized compound or its mixture.

If react with boric acid, alkoxyalkyl sulphur just forms a kind of reaction product that comprises structure formula I compound and structure formula II compound.This strong reaction tendency forms structure formula III compound, and in fact reaction product only can comprise trace or not have structure formula I compound basically.Boric acid and hydroxyalkyl sulphur react by about 1: 1 mol ratio, or can react in the presence of the alkoxyalkyl sulphur of molar excess (being no more than about 2: 1) slightly.This reaction can 60-120 ℃ temperature and-100kPa to 0kPa, preferred-70kPa carries out to the pressure of-30kPa.

Boric acid and hydroxyalkyl sulphur can be used as its pure state or react in inertia or non-property of participation polar solvent.Take hydroxyethyl octyl group sulphur (HEOS) and acid reaction thing as an example, this reaction it is believed that carry out as follows:

Boric acid ester can also and have the lipid acid of 8-24 carbon atom derived from glycerine, boric acid, and can for example have one or more following structural formulas:

Wherein X, Y and Z are identical or different, and represent to be selected from the group of hydroxyl and structural formula-OCOR alkyl carboxyl respectively, and wherein R represents to have the saturated or undersaturated straight or branched alkyl of 7-23 carbon atom.

The dithiocar-bamate of boron also is an ashless wear preventive additive of the present invention as three (dithiocarbamic acid) boron.

The amount of ashless wear preventive additive can be at least 0.01% quality based on described lubricant compositions quality, preferably is at least 0.1% quality, for example the 0.1-10% quality.

(B) metal detergent

Comprise that washing composition (B) metal detergent (ⅱ) can be overbasic, can comprise basic metal and alkaline-earth metal additive, as molten or oily dispersible calcium, magnesium, sodium or the barium salt that is selected from the tensio-active agent of phenol, sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, Whitfield's ointment and naphthenic acid of high alkalinity oil, wherein high alkalinity is by the oily insoluble salt of metal, produce as carbonate, subcarbonate, acetate, formate, oxyhydroxide or oxalate, these oily insoluble salts are stablized by the oil soluble salt of tensio-active agent.The metal of oil soluble surfactant salt can be same or different from the metal of oily insoluble salt.Preferably, no matter be the metal of oil soluble salt or oily insoluble salt, this metal all is a calcium.Washing composition (B) can be a neutral (ⅱ).

The TBN of this metal detergent is at least 200, preferably is at least 250, especially is at least 300, and is for example the highest by 600, according to (ⅰ) and (B) needs of (ⅱ) of washing composition (B).

Most preferably, washing composition (B) TBN (ⅰ) is at least 350, for example is 400-600, as the highest by 500.

The tensio-active agent that is used for high alkalinity metal compound surfactant system preferably comprises at least one alkyl, for example as the substituting group on the aromatic ring.

Advantageously, the alkyl that is used for tensio-active agent of the present invention is an aliphatic group, preferred alkyl or alkylidene group, especially alkyl, and it can be a straight or branched.The sum of carbon atom should be enough to produce required oil soluble at least in the tensio-active agent.

Being used for phenol of the present invention can be non-sulfurized, preferred sulfurized.In addition, term used herein " phenol " comprising: (for example, alkyl naphthol) phenol and the phenol that carries out modification by chemical reaction are as alkylene-bridged phenol and Mannich alkali condensation phenol to contain an above hydroxyl (for example, alkyl catechol) or thick aromatic ring; And saligenin type phenol (making in the reaction under the alkaline condition) by phenol and aldehyde.

Preferred phenol can be derived from following structural formula:

Wherein R represents that alkyl and y represent 1-4.As long as y is greater than 1, this alkyl can be identical or different.

In lubricating oil high alkalinity metal compound, phenol is usually as sulfur form.Sulfuration alkyl phenol is represented by following structural formula usually:

Wherein x is generally 1-4.In some cases, can connect plural phenol molecule by the Sx bridging.

In above structural formula, the alkyl of being represented by R advantageously is alkyl, and it can advantageously comprise 5-100, preferred 5-40, an especially 9-12 carbon atom, and the carbon atom mean number in all R groups is at least 9 to guarantee the suitable solubility in oil.Preferred alkyl is nonyl (three propylidene).

In the following discussion, for for simplicity, the alkyl substituted phenol is called alkylphenol.

The vulcanizing agent that is applicable to preparation phenol red or phenates can be any can introducing between the alkylphenol monomeric groups-(S) _xThe compound of-bridge joint group or simple substance, wherein x is generally 1-about 4.Therefore, this reaction can be used elemental sulfur or its halogenide, sulfur dichloride for example, or more preferably sulfur monochloride carries out.If the use elemental sulfur, vulcanization reaction can pass through at 50-250 so, and preferably at least 100 ℃ of described alkylphenol compounds of following heating carry out.Use elemental sulfur to obtain above-mentioned bridge joint group-(S) usually _x-mixture.If use halogenation sulphur, vulcanization reaction can be at-10 ℃ to 120 ℃ so, and preferably at least 60 ℃ of described alkylphenols of following processing carry out.Reaction can be carried out in the presence of suitable diluents.Thinner advantageously comprises a kind of organic thinner of inert basically, as mineral oil or alkane.Under any circumstance, reaction will be carried out the enough time to finish reaction basically.General preferred use 0.1-5 mole alkylphenol/equivalent vulcanization agent.

If use elemental sulfur, preferably use basic catalyst, for example sodium hydroxide or organic amine, preferred a kind of heterocyclic amine (for example, morpholine) as vulcanizing agent.

The details of sulfuration process is that those skilled in the art know.

Irrelevant with preparation method, the sulfenyl phenolate that can be used for preparing the high alkalinity metal compound generally comprises thinner and unreacted alkylphenol, and generally comprise 2-20% quality, preferred 4-14% quality, the most preferably sulphur of 6-12% quality based on described sulfenyl phenolate quality.

The aldehyde that can be used for modification phenol comprises, for example formaldehyde, propionic aldehyde and butyraldehyde.Preferred aldehyde is formaldehyde.The aldehyde modification phenol that is fit to use for example is described in United States Patent (USP) 5259967.

Mannich alkali condensation phenol is made by the reaction of phenol, aldehyde and amine.The example of suitable Mannich alkali condensation phenol is described in GB-A-2121432.

In general, phenol can comprise except other above-mentioned substituting groups, as long as the not obvious surfactant properties that impairs phenol of these substituting groups.These substituent examples are methoxyl group and halogen group.

Can be used for Whitfield's ointment of the present invention can be non-sulfurized or sulfurized, and can be chemical modification and/or for example comprise above other substituting groups of when phenol, discussing.Also can adopt to be similar to above-mentioned method and to vulcanize the alkyl substituted salicylic acid, be that those skilled in the art are known therefore.If the gained Whitfield's ointment is generally and the mixture of carboxylation phenol (usually in thinner) not, they utilize the carboxylation of phenates or Kolbe-Schmitt method to prepare usually so.

The represented substituting group of R when high alkalinity washing composition of the present invention can be above discussion phenol derived from the preferred substituents in the oil soluble Whitfield's ointment.In the alkyl substituted salicylic acid, alkyl advantageously comprises 5-100, preferred 9-30, an especially 14-20 carbon atom.

Being used for sulfonic acid of the present invention obtains by the aromatic hydrocarbon (those for example by distillation and/or extraction petroleum fractions, or by the aromatic hydrocarbon alkylation is obtained) of alkyl replacement, especially alkyl replacement is carried out sulfonation usually.Its example comprises by with benzene,toluene,xylene, naphthalene, biphenyl or its halogen derivative, for example chlorobenzene, toluene(mono)chloride or chloronaphthalene carry out alkylation and obtain those.The alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbon can be in the presence of catalyzer, use has the alkylating reagent of 3-more than 100 carbon atoms, for example halo paraffin, the alkene and the polyolefine that can obtain by the paraffin dehydrogenation, for example the polymkeric substance of ethene, propylene and/or butylene carries out.Alkyl aryl sulphonic acid comprises 7-100 or more carbon atom usually.They preferably comprise 16-80, or 12-40 carbon atom/alkyl replacement aromatics part, and this depends on their source.

These alkyl aryl sulphonic acids are to obtain sulfonate if neutralize, and hydrocarbon solvent and/or diluent oil and promotor and viscosity control agent also can be included in the reaction mixture.

Can be used for another kind of sulfonic acid of the present invention and comprise alkyl phenol sulfonic.This sulfonic acid can be sulfurized.No matter vulcanize or not sulfuration, these sulfonic acid it is believed that all have the surfactant properties suitable with sulfonic acid, rather than the surfactant properties suitable with phenol.

Be applicable to that sulfonic acid of the present invention also comprises alkylsulphonic acid, as alkenyl sulfonic acid.In these compounds, alkyl comprises 9-100 suitably, advantageously 12-80, an especially 16-60 carbon atom.

Can be used for carboxylic acid of the present invention to comprise singly-and dicarboxylic acid.Preferred monocarboxylic acid comprises 1-30, especially 8-24 carbon atom.If (this specification sheets is pointed out the carbonatoms in the carboxylic acid, and the carbon atom in this hydroxy-acid group just is included in this number so.) example of monocarboxylic acid is isocaprylic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitinic acid and docosoic acid.Isocaprylic acid can be as required with C ₈The mixture of acid isomer body ((RTM) being sold with " Cekanoic " by Exxon Chemical) form is used.Other suitable acid is those that uncle replaces on the alpha-carbon atom, and the above dicarboxylic acid of 2 carbon atoms that separates hydroxy-acid group.In addition, have more than 35, for example the dicarboxylic acid of 36-100 carbon atom also is suitable.Unsaturated carboxylic acid can cure.Although Whitfield's ointment comprises hydroxy-acid group, with regard to this specification sheets, they are considered to the separation group of tensio-active agent, and do not think carboxylic acid surfactant.(and although they comprise hydroxyl, they also are considered to the phenol tensio-active agent.)

The example that can be used for other tensio-active agent of the present invention comprises following compound and derivative thereof: naphthenic acid especially comprises naphthenic acid, di alkyl phosphonic acid, dialkyl group phosphonothionic acid and dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid, high molecular (preferred ethoxylation) alcohol, dithiocarbamic acid, sulfo-phosphine and the dispersion agent of one or more alkyl.The tensio-active agent of these kinds is well known in the art.Alkyl replaces the phenol of carboxyl alkylidene group connection or the dialkyl ester (wherein alkylidene group is replaced with other hydroxy-acid group by hydroxyl) of alkylene dicarboxylic acids or this class tensio-active agent of many aromatic molecules (its aromatics partly comprises at least one alkyl substituted phenol and at least one carboxyl phenol) that alkylidene group is connected and also is applicable to the present invention; These tensio-active agents are described in EP-A-708171.

Comprise at least two surfactant group, high alkalinity metal compound as phenol, sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, Whitfield's ointment and naphthenic acid, preferred high alkalinity calcium washing composition also is applicable to the present invention, can obtain by producing mixture, wherein in high alkalinity technology, introduce two or more different surfactant group.

The example of mixture is the high alkaline calcium salt of tensio-active agent phenol and sulfonic acid; The high alkaline calcium salt of tensio-active agent phenol and carboxylic acid; Tensio-active agent phenol, sulfonic acid and salicylic high alkaline calcium salt; And tensio-active agent phenol and salicylic high alkaline calcium salt.

" high alkaline calcium salt of tensio-active agent " is meant the high alkalinity washing composition, and wherein the metallic cation of oily insoluble metallic salt is essentially the calcium positively charged ion.A spot of other positively charged ion can be present in this oil insoluble metallic salt, but in this oil insoluble metallic salt, at least 80% mole usually, more common at least 90% mole, for example at least 95% mole positively charged ion is a calcium ion.Non-calcium positively charged ion can be for example from the production process of high alkalinity washing composition, and wherein the positively charged ion of employed surfactant salt is non-calcium metal.Preferably, the metal-salt of this tensio-active agent also is a calcium.

If washing composition (B) (ⅱ) comprises at least two kinds of high alkalinity metal washing composition, can use any suitable ratio (quality) so; The quality of arbitrary high alkalinity metal washing composition and any other high alkalinity metal washing composition and mass ratio are 5: 95-95: 5, for example 90: 10-10: 90, more preferably 20: 80-80: 20, especially 70: 30-30: 70, and advantageously be 60: 40-40: 60.

The object lesson of mixture comprises:

ⅰ) high alkalinity calcium washing composition, comprise can derived from and preferably derived from the surfactant system of at least two kinds of tensio-active agents, wherein at least a is the phenol or derivatives thereof, and wherein another kind of or at least another kind be the tensio-active agent of non-phenol tensio-active agent, the ratio of described phenol in described surfactant system according to mensuration described herein is at least 10% quality, and the TBN of described high alkalinity washing composition: % surfactant ratio (to give a definition) is at least 10.

With TBN: the % surfactant ratio is irrelevant, and the ratio of phenol in this surfactant system is at least 20% quality, preferably is at least 40% quality, more preferably is at least 45% quality, for example the 50-90% quality.Irrelevant with the phenol ratio, TBN: the % surfactant ratio is at least 11, preferably is at least 14, more preferably is at least 16, advantageously be at least 16, especially be at least 19, more particularly be at least 21, for example be at least 25, as the highest 30 or higher, or the highest 40 or higher.

ⅱ) high alkalinity calcium washing composition, comprise can derived from and preferably derived from the surfactant system of at least two kinds of tensio-active agents, wherein at least a is the Whitfield's ointment or derivatives thereof, and wherein another kind of or at least another kind be the tensio-active agent of non-Whitfield's ointment tensio-active agent, the ratio of described Whitfield's ointment in described surfactant system according to mensuration described herein is at least 10% quality, and the TBN of described high alkalinity washing composition: % surfactant ratio (to give a definition) is at least 10.

With TBN: the % surfactant ratio is irrelevant, and the ratio of Whitfield's ointment in this surfactant system is at least 20% quality, preferably is at least 30% quality, more preferably is at least 45% quality, for example the 50-90% quality.Irrelevant with the Whitfield's ointment ratio, TBN: the % surfactant ratio is at least 11, preferably is at least 14, more preferably is at least 16, advantageously be at least 18, especially be at least 19, more particularly be at least 21, for example be at least 25, as the highest 30 or higher, or the highest 40 or higher.

ⅲ) high alkalinity calcium washing composition, comprise can derived from and preferably derived from the surfactant system of phenol and sulfonic acid, phenol and the ratio of sulfonic acid in described surfactant system according to mensuration described herein are 15: 85-95: 15% quality, preferred 30: 70-70: 30% quality, especially 40: 60-60: 40% quality, and TBN: % surfactant ratio (to give a definition) is at least 15, preferably at least 17, especially 19 or higher.

ⅳ) high alkalinity calcium washing composition, comprise can derived from and preferably derived from phenol, the surfactant system of Whitfield's ointment and sulfonic acid, according to the phenol of mensuration described herein and Whitfield's ointment and the ratio of sulfonic acid in described surfactant system is (5-90): (5-90): (20-80) % quality: % quality: % quality, preferably (20-80): (20-80): (10-50) % quality: % quality: % quality, more preferably (30-50): (25-50): (15-35) % quality: % quality: % quality, and TBN: % surfactant ratio (to give a definition) is at least 10, preferably at least 12, especially 14 or higher.

Usually, the amount of high alkalinity metal compound in lubricant compositions is at least 0.5% quality based on described composition quality, and 0.5-20% quality especially is as 3-12% quality or 2-7% quality (activeconstituents).

High alkalinity metal compound of the present invention can be a boration; Usually, described boron contribution compound is considered to constitute an overbasic part as metal borate.

Tensio-active agent in high alkalinity calcium washing composition percentage ratio and each tensio-active agent as phenol as described in percentage ratio in the surfactant system all be the percentage ratio of measuring according to the following method that provides.

1. the dialysis of high alkalinity washing composition

Utilize the normal hexane siphon, with 3-4 time speed per hour, with liquid high alkalinity calcium detergent compound (lubricating oil additive that basically, the does not have other) dialysis of known quantity (A gram, the about 20 grams) film by Soxhlet extractor (150 millimeters high * 75 millimeter internal diameters) 20 hours.This film should be able to be kept all metallic materials basically here, and allows all basically remaining samples pass through.The example of suitable film is by Carters Products, Division of Carter WallaceInc., and New York, NY 10105 is with the gummy rubber diaphragm of trade(brand)name Trojans supply.Dialyzate that obtains when dialysis step is finished and resistates evaporation drying are removed the volatile matter of any remnants then in vacuum oven (100 ℃ are lower than 1 torr or are lower than about 130Pa).The quality of dried residue (gram meter) is called B.The percentage ratio (C) of high alkalinity washing composition material in liquid sample is provided by following equation: $C=\frac{B}{A}\×100\%$

The background information of relevant osmotic technique is referring to Amos, R. and Albaugh, " chromatogram in the petroleum analysis " of E.W., Altgelt, K.H. and Gouw, T.H., Eds, 417-422 page or leaf, MarcelDekker, Inc., New York and Basel, 1979.

2.TBN: the mensuration of % total surfactant ratio

According to the regulation of the 8.1-8.1.2 chapters and sections of ASTM D3712, the dried residue of known quantity (D gram, about 10 grams) is hydrolyzed, 25% volume of hydrogen chloric acid (proportion 1.18) that just will at least 200 milliliters is used for the 8.1.1 chapters and sections.The consumption of spirit of salt should be enough to the acidifying/hydrolysis of high alkalinity detergent thing in organic substance (tensio-active agent) and inorganic substance (calcareous material is as calcium chloride).The ether extract that merges is passed through anhydrous sodium sulfate drying.With this sodium sulfate of ether rinsing of cleaning, with the ethereal solution evaporation drying (under about 110 ℃) that merges, obtain a kind of hydrolysed residue thing then.The quality of this exsiccant hydrolysed residue thing (gram meter) is called E.

The percentage ratio Y of total surfactant in primary liquid high alkalinity washing composition provided by following equation: $Y=\frac{E}{D}\×C$ And TBN: % total surfactant ratio X is provided by following equation:

Should be noted that and when measuring X, use the quality of tensio-active agent when its free state (that is, not being the form of salt or other derivative).

3. the mensuration of single tensio-active agent (free state) in surfactant system

Method described below is by isolating one tensio-active agent (hydrolysed form) derived from the hydrolysis surfactant mixture of high alkalinity washing composition.As described below, the ratio of single tensio-active agent is respectively the mass ratio of this single tensio-active agent (hydrolysed form) in the hydrolysis surfactant system.Therefore, for example comprise under the situation of calcium phenylate/calcium sulphonate/calcium salicylate surfactant system at the high alkalinity washing composition, the ratio of single tensio-active agent in described surfactant system is expressed as phenol, sulfonic acid and salicylic ratio respectively.

The ratio of single tensio-active agent can be measured by the following method.

The above-mentioned gained hydrolysed residue of the exsiccant thing of known quantity (F gram, about 1 gram) is placed on the top of 450 * 25 millimeters (internal diameter) sintered glass posts being furnished with 60-100 US mesh Florisil.Florisil is a Magnesium Silicate q-agent, and CAS number is 8014-97-9.Use seven kinds of 250 milliliters every part to have this post of the polar of increasing progressively solvent elution respectively, they are heptane, hexanaphthene, toluene, ether, acetone, methyl alcohol, are the mixtures of 50% volume chloroform, 44% volume Virahol and 6% volume ammonia solution (proportion 0.88) at last.Collect every kind of fraction, evaporation drying is weighed the gained resistates, then amount (the G of the contained tensio-active agent of this fraction of assay determination ¹, G ², G ³Restrain) and character.

The analysis of fraction (or hydrolysed residue thing) can for example be undertaken by the known chromatogram of those skilled in the art, spectrum and/or titration (color indication or potentiometric titration) technology.If the high alkalinity washing composition comprises sulfosalt surfactant and salicylate tensio-active agent, sulfonic acid that obtains by these tensio-active agents of hydrolysis and Whitfield's ointment are often by this post wash-out together so.In this case, and measure at needs under any other situation of the ratio in the mixture that sulfonic acid comprising it, the ratio of sulfonic acid in mixture can be by Epton at Trans.Far.Soc. (in April, 1948), and the method described in 226 is measured.

In aforesaid method, the quality of the given tensio-active agent of hydrolysed form (gram is called H1) is assigned to measure by the level that comprises it, and the ratio of this tensio-active agent in the surfactant system of former high alkalinity washing composition is like this: $\frac{H^1}{F}\×100\%$

Single tensio-active agent (free form, promptly, be not the form of salt or other derivative) can estimate that prerequisite is (r.i.) percentage ratio of known every kind of tensio-active agent starting raw material " activeconstituents " by the ratio of the tensio-active agent that is used as starting raw material based on the percentage ratio (quality) of surfactant system.Can estimate the percentage ratio of total surfactant (free form) in liquid high alkalinity product like this, and can determine TBN: the % surfactant ratio.Term used herein " activeconstituents " is the mass percent of the tensio-active agent relevant with the calcium metal ion.

Help additive

The marine diesel lubricant compositions also can comprise other additive, as dispersion agent, antioxidant, defoamer and/or rust-preventive agent and the grey wear preventive additive of one-tenth known in the art.

Other the pour point depressor that helps additive to comprise to reduce fluid flow the minimum temperature in the time of maybe can toppling over (be also referred to as lubricating oil flow promotor) and the polysiloxane defoamer such as silicone oil or the polydimethylsiloxane that are used for control foam.

The ratio of additive that is used for TPEO (trunk-piston engine) is as follows usually:

Additive	% quality a.i.* (broad sense)	% quality a.i.* (preferably)
Washing composition dispersion agent ash-free antiwear agent oxidation retarder rust-preventive agent pour point depressor mineral or synthetic base oil	0.5-12 0.5-5 0.1-1.5 0.2-2 0.03-0.15 0.03-0.15 surplus	2-8 1-3 0.5-1.3 0.5-1.5 0.05-0.1 0.05-0.1 surplus

* based on the quality % activeconstituents of product oil.The ratio of additive that is used for MDCL (marine diesel lubricant cylinder) is as follows usually:

Additive	% quality a.i.* (broad sense)	% quality a.i.* (preferably)
Washing composition dispersion agent ash-free antiwear agent pour point depressor mineral or synthetic base oil	1-20 0.5-5 0.1-1.5 0.03-0.15 surplus	3-15 1-3 0.5-1.3 0.05-0.1 surplus

* based on the quality % activeconstituents of product oil.

Embodiment

The present invention describes by following examples, and is confined to this never in any form.

Testing method

The used test method is described in " wearing and tearing ", and 1996,196,207-213 simulates the abrasion mechanism in crosshead diesel engine piston ring and cylinder buss district similarly.

In brief, utilize a kind of pin platen (pin-on-disc) abrading machine, use the pin of 8 millimeters of diameters, at 50.2 millimeters ²Total contact area under test.Adopt new pin geometry to contact to guarantee the respective surfaces between pin and the dish.

On pin platen (pin-on-disc) abrading machine, adopt a kind of ladder to rise (progressively) testing method, to determine under condition of boundary lubrication by medium transitional pressure to heavy wear.Under the sliding velocity of 2.0 meter per seconds, testing under the sliding velocity of 0.5 and 2.0 meter per seconds and under 250 ℃ of dish temperature under the room temperature (20 ℃).Daros RM4 grey cast-iron piston ring material as pin, is tested at GG25B+P grey cast iron (table 1).When beginning test, the load of 100N is applied on this pin and with lubricant mist is applied on the wear track.This pressure that is illustrated on this pin is that (contact area is 50.26 millimeters to 2.0 Newton/millimeter 2 ²).Regularly (representing 600 meters slips) increases load then, and the wearing and tearing when end of test are carried out the transition to seriously by medium.For given test speed, sliding is fit to realize a kind of steady state at interval.

Can find out this transition by increasing frictional energy (that is, frictional force, heat, vibration and noise).In addition, at this moment the oxidation characteristic of wear track becomes metallicity in the part.Under boundary lubrication (that is 0.1≤μ≤0.3), test.Use pneumatic oil fogger, the frictional coefficient of (during oxidative wear) when the initial stage is tested in control.Mist of oil is used and is adjustable to steady state condition.It is constant that frictional coefficient keeps under these conditions, up to carrying out the transition to heavy wear by medium wearing and tearing.Mist of oil pressure, time length and be adjustable at interval, this depends on properties of lubricants.Table 1 has provided the details of terraced liter test.

Table 1-ladder rises the parameter of test

The wearing and tearing kind:	The pin platen
Needle material:	Long-pending=50.2 millimeters of Daros RM4 piston ring (Ra=0.1 micron) wire surface 2(standard NSD RTA piston ring material)
Disk material:	GG25 B+P (standard NSD lagging material)
Applying load:	Ladder rises, and 100N is to transition (@100N interval)
Ladder rises at interval:	600 meters slips
Sliding velocity:	0.5 and 2.0 meter per seconds
Initial dish temperature	20 ℃ and 250 ℃
Total sliding time:	Depend on material and lubricant
The lubricant mist metering	RT:0.45 milligram/minute HT:2 milligram/minute

Daros RM4 piston ring is a kind of W_rtsil_ NSD RTA piston ring material of standard.GG25 B+P is a kind of W_rtsil_ NSD lagging material of standard.Component 410 TBN calcium washing composition (P) are prepared as follows.Toluene (being selected from the 350-540 gram), methyl alcohol (being selected from the 270-330 gram) and water (being selected from the 15-26 gram) are added in the reactor, when keeping about 20 ℃, mix then.Add diluent oil (11 gram) in addition, then this mixture is remained on 20 ℃.Add calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) ₂) (71 gram), then this mixture under agitation is heated to 40 ℃.The mixture (remaining on 40 ℃) that adds phenol, sulfonic acid and toluene (100 gram) in gained slurry like this adds 50 gram toluene subsequently in addition.

In the use calcium hydroxide and after the tensio-active agent, the temperature of this mixture is reduced to about 28 ℃, when keeping about 28 ℃, carbonic acid gas (31 gram) is injected this mixture then, its speed makes all basically carbonic acid gas all be absorbed to form alkaline matter by reaction mixture.Temperature was risen to 60 ℃ in 60 minutes, subsequently with this mixture at 30 minutes internal cooling to about 28 ℃.In the time of 28 ℃, add 63 gram calcium hydroxides in addition, add carbonic acid gas (31 gram) then.After second carbonation step, temperature was risen to 60 ℃ in 90 minutes.

Subsequently, distill polar solvent, filter the throw out of removing in the product.Distill remaining volatile matter, add diluent oil (122 gram) then.

The phenol that is used for above preparation is sulfenyl phenolate, by sulfur monochloride and uncle's nonyl (three propylidene) phenol (mainly being para-orientation) and uncle's binonylphenol 65/35 (quality) mixture (a.i.=84 of (mainly be 2,4-replaces); R.i.=40) synthetic; And the sulfonic acid that is used for above preparation is a kind of from SO ₃(at liquid SO ₂In) molecular weight be 683 alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) (a.i.=96; R.i.=84).

It is 410 and TBN that the consumption of phenol and sulfonic acid is fit to obtain a kind of TBN: the % surfactant ratio is 20 high alkalinity metal compound.

Sulfur-containing boric acid ester (Q) is prepared as follows.

In 5 liters of three-necked flasks, with hydroxyethyl octyl group sulphur (2280 grams; 12 moles) (744 restrain with boric acid powder; 12 moles) merge.This flask is furnished with the condenser that agitator, thermometer and vacuum are connected.This flask is heated to 110 ℃, then the pressure in the flask is reduced to-70kPa.After the several minutes, begin to produce water.Temperature in the flask is reduced to 100 ℃ when stopping heating, carry out thermopositive reaction then up to producing water (2 molar equivalent) and collecting under helpless condition.Postheating is up to producing water (other 1 molar equivalent) and collecting.

Characterize this product by combined analysis method.The HPLC compartment analysis shows and has formed a kind of essential substance. ¹³C NMR spectrum shows that the relative TMS of this material has the steep single resonance of the feature that is positioned at 62.8 (1C) ppm relevant with boration alkoxyl group mesomethylene carbon. ¹¹B NMR spectrum shows, relative H ₃BO ₃Only-there is a boron-oxygen ester signal at the 3ppm place.The simplicity of carbon and boron NMR spectral results is represented a kind of very symmetric metaboric acid ester structure.The feature carbon signal relevant with introducing hydroxyethyl octyl group sulphur appears at 33 (1C), 31.8 (1C), 31.2 (1C), 29.6 (1C), 28.8 (1C), 28.6 (1C), 22.4 (1C) and 13.6 (1C).

Form is that the phosphorous ashless wear preventive additive (R) of PARABAR (RTM) 9450 additives is a kind of commercially available ashless diaryl thiophosphoric acid salt derivatives.

The description of oil

A-comprises the lubricant compositions of base oil and the commercially available zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate of about 1.76% quality (ZDDP).

B-comprises the lubricant compositions of base oil, borated dispersants, 250 TBN calcium phenylates and 300TBN calcium sulphonate, and the TBN of described lubricant compositions and viscosity index are respectively 72 and 95.

1-comprises the lubricant compositions of the sulfur-containing boric acid ester (Q) of base oil, Embodiment B additive and 2.0% quality.The TBN of this lubricant compositions and viscosity index are respectively 72 and 95.

2-comprises the lubricant compositions of the sulfur-containing boric acid ester (Q) of base oil, Embodiment C additive and 2.0% quality.The TBN of this lubricant compositions and viscosity index are respectively 72 and about 113.

3-comprises the lubricant compositions of the additive R of base oil, Embodiment C additive and 1.60% quality.

Test oil A-C and 1-3 on pin platen abrading machine, the result provides in table 2.Transitional pressure is used to measure the pressure when changing paramount wear stage by low wear stage, the wear control that this value representation is good, that is and, the high more expression control of numerical value is good more.

Table 2

(a) do not measure.

(b) mean value of 5 observed values.

(c) mean value of 4 observed values.

(d) mean value of 13 observed values.

(e) mean value of 11 observed values.

(f) mean value of 2 observed values.

(g) mean value of 3 observed values.

The comparative example A has provided the transitional pressure of the composition that comprises ZDDP, metallic wear preventive additive.

The transitional pressure of Comparative Examples 1 and Embodiment B (therefore, wear control) is better than embodiment 1 under all three kinds of test conditions that comprise high temperature/speed (250 ℃ and 2.0 meter per seconds).This prompting adds the inverse amplification factor that the sky grey wear preventive additive can improve the wearing and tearing of lubricating oil separately.

With embodiment 2 and 3 and Embodiment C when comparing, observe similar trend; Transitional pressure improves after adding ashless wear preventive additive.

In addition, embodiment 2 and 3 shows that wear control is functional when using high TBN high alkalinity metal compound.

In addition, embodiment 1 and 3 shows, transitional pressure is improved when comprising the comparative example A of ZDDP relatively.

Claims (22)

1. marine diesel lubricant compositions, the TBN that it has is at least 10, as be at least 20, and the viscosity index that preferably has is at least 90, preferably at least 100, more preferably at least 110 said compositions comprise the oil with lubricant viscosity and a spot of following material of main amount, or are obtained by their mixing:

(A) ashless wear preventive additive; With

(B) metal detergent, its form is:

(ⅰ) TBN is at least 300, and preferably at least 330, more preferably at least 400 and comprise high alkalinity metal washing composition derived from the surfactant system of at least two kinds of tensio-active agents, and/or

(ⅱ) metal detergent of non-(ⅰ);

Prerequisite is that if washing composition (ⅱ) exists, said composition does not just contain a spot of, the promptly the highest extreme pressure additive that accounts for described composition total mass 5.0% quality.

2. one kind prepares TBN and is at least 10, as be at least 20, and the preferred viscosities index is at least 90, preferably at least 100, more preferably the method for at least 110 marine diesel lubricant compositions comprises that the oil with lubricant viscosity that will mainly measure mixes with (A) of a spot of claim 1 definition with (B), and prerequisite is, if cleaning composition (ⅱ) is not so just sneaked into the highest a spot of extreme pressure additive that accounts for described composition total mass 5.0% quality.

3. according to claim 1 or desired composition of claim 2 or method, wherein there is not extreme pressure additive.

4. according to desired composition of any aforementioned claim or method, the TBN of wherein said composition is at least 40, preferred 60-100.

5. according to desired composition of any aforementioned claim or method, wherein said viscosity index preferably is at least 115, more preferably is at least 120.

6. according to desired composition of any aforementioned claim or method, wherein the amount of ashless wear preventive additive is at least 0.01% quality based on described composition quality, preferably at least 0.1% quality, for example 0.1-10% quality.

7. according to desired composition of any aforementioned claim or method, wherein said wear preventive additive be a kind of sulfur-bearing-, phosphorus-or additive or its mixture of boron.

8. according to desired composition of claim 7 or method, wherein said wear preventive additive comprises a kind of sulfur-containing boric acid ester compound, and it is a kind of boric acid ester with logical formula I:

R wherein ¹Expression has the alkyl of 4-12 carbon atom, R ²And R ³Expression-(OR independently ⁴) _nSR ¹Or-(OR ⁴) _nSR ¹OH; R ⁴Expression has the alkyl of 1-6 carbon atom; N is the integer of 1-4; And 1 and m be 0,1 or 2 independently;

A kind of ring-type metaboric acid ester with logical formula II:

Wherein n, R ¹And R ⁴Definition is as formula I; Or

The mixture of structure formula I boron ester and structure formula II metaboric acid ester.

9. according to desired composition of any aforementioned claim or method, wherein said washing composition (B) is a kind of high alkalinity metal washing composition (ⅱ).

10. according to desired composition of claim 9 or method, the TBN of wherein said high alkalinity metal washing composition is at least 200, preferably is at least 250, especially is at least 300, as the highest by 600.

11. according to desired composition of any aforementioned claim or method, wherein the described metal in (B) is a calcium.

12. according to desired composition of any aforementioned claim or method, wherein (B) (ⅱ) comprises at least two kinds of high alkalinity metal washing composition, and the quality of arbitrary this washing composition and another this washing composition and mass ratio are 5: 95-95: 5.

13. according to desired composition of claim 12 or method, wherein said quality and mass ratio are 20: 80-80: 20, preferred 70: 30-30: 70, as 60: 40-40: 60.

14. according to desired composition of any aforementioned claim or method, wherein said metal detergent is phenates or sulfonate.

15. a marine diesel lubricant compositions comprises the oil with lubricant viscosity of main amount and a spot of (A) as the sulfur-containing boric acid ester compound of claim 8 definition and (B) metal detergent, or obtains by their are mixed.

16. a method for preparing the marine diesel lubricant compositions comprises that the oil with lubricant viscosity that will mainly measure mixes with a spot of additive as claim 15 definition.

17. a method that reduces the wearing and tearing of marine diesel piston ring and cylinder buss comprises and uses any aforementioned claim to require or lubricate this engine by the lubricant compositions that the desired method of any aforementioned claim is made.

18. the application of lubricant compositions in reducing the wearing and tearing of marine diesel piston ring and cylinder buss comprises and uses any aforementioned claim to require or lubricate this engine by the composition that the desired method of any aforementioned claim is made.

19. the method for a lubricated marine diesel comprises any claim 1-16 being required or being administered on this engine by the lubricant compositions that desired method is made.

20. according to the desired method of claim 19, wherein said engine is for there being a kind of sulphur content (representing with elemental sulfur) to be no more than 1.5% quality, as the fuel of 0.5-1% quality.

21. according to the desired composition of any aforementioned claim, method or purposes, wherein said marine diesel is a kind of crosshead diesel engine.

22. according to the desired composition of any claim 1-20, method or purposes, wherein said composition is a kind of marine diesel lubricant cylinder.