CN1276344A

CN1276344A - Process for preparing titania microspheres

Info

Publication number: CN1276344A
Application number: CN 00121097
Authority: CN
Inventors: 左育民; 姜子涛; 雷荣
Original assignee: Nankai University
Current assignee: Nankai University
Priority date: 2000-07-20
Filing date: 2000-07-20
Publication date: 2000-12-13
Anticipated expiration: 2020-07-20
Also published as: CN1125779C

Abstract

A process for preparing TiO2 microspheres by polymerization induction coagulation of colloid includes hydrolyzing soluble titanium salt with pH=0.3-0.5, adding complexing stabilizer to obtain symbiotic spheres of TiO2 and urea-formaldehyde resin, drying and sintering to obtain micron-class porous TiO2 microspheres with narrow size distribution. The product has sufficient rigidity, mesopore structure and high chemical stability, and can be used as HPLC filler.

Description

Preparation method of titanium dioxide microspheres

The invention relates to preparation of titanium dioxide microspheres.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) column packing has rapidly developed and widely used in the short twenty years since its advent in the seventies of this century. For example, in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering, environmental protection, medicine, food, biochemistry and the like, about 80% of separation and analysis work is completed by HPLC.

The core of the HPLC technology is chromatographic column packing, and the ideal column packing has uniform surface property, proper pore diameter, pore volume and smaller particle size distribution, and has larger rigidity and chemical stability. The majority of HPLC column packing materials used today are silica gel or modified silica gel. However, silica gel-based column packing has two significant drawbacks: firstly, the chemical instability leads the silica gel matrix stationary phase to be only used in the range of pH 2-8, and secondly, the residual silicon hydroxyl on the surface of the silica gel can irreversibly adsorb alkaline compounds. The advent of various new technologies such as coating polymers, monolayer bonding, end-capping, etc., has resulted in significant improvements in column performance or stability, but has not been able to do soThe problem is fundamentally solved. Therefore, a novel inorganic carrier such as TiO has been developed as an alternative to silica₂、ZrO₂And Al₂O₃Etc. have attracted attention.

TiO for HPLC₂Tr ü diger et al report oil emulsions (U.S. Tr ü diger, G.M ü iller and K.K.Unger, J.Chromatogr.A, 1990, 535: 111-125.), Tani (K.Taniand Y.Suzuki, J.Chromatogr., 1996, 722: 129-134; K.Tani and Y.Suzuki, Chromatographia, 1994, 38: 291-294) and Yoshida (A.Yoshida, K.Takahashi. Chemipoia 1994, 15: 18-29.) the sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide as a starting material generally, microspheres prepared by the above-mentioned methods have a small pore size and a broad particle size distribution (2-50 μm), require fractionation before use, and are not particularly suitable for protein isolation.

The invention aims to provide a titanium dioxide microsphere and a preparation method thereof, which can overcome the defects of the prior art, and the titanium microsphere synthesized by a Polymerization-induced colloid aggregation (PICA) method is porous and micron TiO with narrow particle size distribution₂And (3) microspheres. TiO obtained by themethod₂The microspheres have sufficient rigidity and mesoporous structure and excellent chemical stability.

The preparation method of the titanium dioxide microspheres comprises the following steps:

(1) soluble titanium salt, soluble titanium ester or R ═ C₁-C₅Alkoxy titanium of (2) Ti (OR)₄Hydrolyzing to obtain TiO with pH of 0.3-0.5₂Hydrosol; titanium dioxide hydrosol is prepared by hydrolyzing titanium tetrachloride, the hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride is a stronger exothermic reaction, the reactions generated are different under different reaction conditions, and TiOCl₂The concentration range of the solution is 0.5-2.1 mol/L. The reactions involved are:

...............(1)

...........(2)

..............(3)

more concentrated TiOCl₂The addition of seed crystals during hydrolysis of the solution (>1.0mol/L), which is the key to determine the shape, size and final properties of the hydrolysate particles, is the "guide" for inducing the thermal hydrolysis to proceed correctly, which ensures the proper and uniform size of the particles produced, and the seed crystals can eliminate the influence of irregular crystal nuclei. If TiOCl is relied on alone₂The hydrolysis products induced by the naturally occurring crystalline centres of the solution themselves are unstable in terms of particle and composition, and in particular, insufficient numbers of nuclei form an unsinkable, milky suspension. In addition, the concentration of the added seed crystals is generally 0.6 to 0.8%. Said seeds being obtained beforehandOf TiO 2₂And (3) colloid. While low concentration of TiOCl₂The solution adopts a method of self-seeding without adding additional seed crystal.

(2) Adding complexing stabilizer (ethylene glycol, glycerol, citric acid, lactic acid or acetylacetone), adjusting pH with sodium hydroxide and ammonia water under stirring, heating in water bath at 60 + -2 deg.C for 2 hr, and cooling to 15-25 deg.C. Adding urea, stirring to dissolve, cooling in ice-water bath to 10-15 deg.C, adding formaldehyde, stirring, and standing for more than 3 hr. Polymerizing urea and formaldehyde under acidic condition, adsorbing the oligomer on the surface of colloid, and inducing the colloid particles to coagulate to obtain TiO₂The diameter of the symbiotic ball with the urea resin can be controlled to be 1-15 mu m, but the particle diameter is uniform.

The above TiO₂The weight concentration of the hydrosol is 3-20%, the concentration of the urea is 0.5-3.0mol/L, the concentration of the formaldehyde is 0.6-2.1mol/L, and the complexing agent and the TiO are₂The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 0.01-0.2: 1; the pH value during polymerization is between 0.3 and 0.5.

(3) Subjecting the obtained titanium gel spheres to a series of repeated water washing processes to remove unreacted TiO₂Urea and formaldehyde, then using isoamyl acetate as a dispersant for azeotropic dehydration, filtering out titanium gel balls, volatilizing the solvent under an infrared lamp,drying the microspheres at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 12-15h under vacuum of 100-₂And (3) microspheres.

The invention is porous micron-sized TiO with narrow particle size distribution₂And (3) microspheres. TiO 2₂The microspheres have sufficient rigidity and mesoporous structure after a series of drying processes and sintering, have excellent chemical stability, and can be used as a filler for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

The outstanding essential features and positive effects of the invention can be seen from the following examples, which, however, do not limit the invention in any way.

Example 1:

in a three-necked flask equipped with an electric stirrer and a constant pressure dropping funnel, 60g of ice was added. Under the ice-water bath, 20mL of titanium tetrachloride was dropped into ice and continuously stirred to hydrolyze the titanium tetrachloride. Adding 0.2mL of acetylacetone into the hydrolysate; under the condition of stirring, dripping 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide solution (160 mL) and 8.4g solid sodium hydroxide into the prepared titanium tetrachloride hydrolysate to ensure that the pH value of the solution is equal to 0.40, and carrying out water bath at 60 ℃ for 2 h; after cooling to 25 ℃, 21.6g of urea was added, and after dissolution, 20mL of formaldehyde having a concentration of 37% was quickly added to the mixture at 15 ℃ under stirring (750 rpm), and after further stirring for 30sec, the mixture was allowed to stand. When the reaction is calm, the mixture is diluted by distilled water and stirred at high speed (-1000 rpm) for 10min, and then gel balls are separated. Fully rinsing the gel spheres with distilled water, then dehydrating by azeotropic distillation with isoamyl acetate as a dispersant, volatilizing the dispersant under an infrared lamp, and respectively drying in vacuum at 120 ℃ for 12h and 190 ℃ and 200 ℃ for 40 h. The dried titanium ball is carbonized on an electric furnace, is presintered in a muffle furnace for 2 hours at 300 ℃, is calcined for 6 hours at 600 ℃, and is finally calcined for 3 hours at 900 ℃ so as to improve the strength of the titanium glue.

Some physicochemical parameters of the titanium spheres synthesized by the PICA method (example 1) are shown in Table 1

TABLE 1 physical constants of titanium balls obtained by different methods

PICA OEM Sol-gel Process 10 diameters (. mu.m, before calcination) 3.553.7 surface areas, a_s(m²/g) 36.778111 mean pore diameter, d_p(nm) 32.288.7 average pore volume, v_p(mL/g) 0.30 0.23 0.30

An SEM photograph of titanium spheres synthesized by the PICA method (example 1) is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen that the titanium spheres obtained by the method are micron-sized and highly non-adherent. The average diameter of the calcined titanium glue microspheres is 3.5 mu m. The particle size distribution is very narrow.

FIG. 2 shows the results of thermogravimetric analysis of the titanium gel beads (example 1), showing that the urea resin accounts for a larger proportion of the gel beads, while TiO is responsible for the larger proportion of the urea resin₂The fraction occupied is still relatively small (-11%).

FIG. 3 is a plot of the pore size distribution of the titanium gel (example 1) as a function of relative pressure (P/P)₀) Adsorption data obtained in the range of 0.00-0.25 (P-equilibrium pressure, P)₀Saturation pressure, temperature 77.35K), surface area of 36.7m for PICA titangel calculated by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method²(ii)/g; total pore volume according to P/P₀N adsorbed at 0.99₂The volume is 0.3mL/g in conversion; the average pore diameter of the titanium glue is 32.2 nm; the pore size distribution is obtained by conversion according to adsorption data by a Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, and the result is shown in figure 3. According to the IUPAC classification method, the pore size of the stationary phase is divided into three types:micropores (pore size less than 2nm), mesopores (pore size between 2 and 50nm) and macropores (pore size greater than 50 nm). The titanium glue microsphere synthesized by the PICA method belongs to a mesopore structure.

Fig. 4 is an adsorption/desorption isotherm of the titanium gel (example 1). The adsorption/desorption isotherms of the Titan gel measured using the samples degassed at low temperature are shown in FIG. 4, where the degassing temperatures are equalThe low-voltage part of the temperature line is influenced when P/P₀When the ratio is 0.7-0.8, the titanium glue is paired with N₂Adsorption of (a) initially in monolayer-multilayer mode followed by capillary condensation mode, N₂Continuously filling the mesopores. According to the IUPAC classification method, there are six types of isotherms and four types of hysteresis loops. The adsorption isotherm for the titanium glue was type TypeIV. This type of adsorption isotherm requires that the substrate spheres be essentially uniform and have a fairly regular crystal arrangement, and also indicates that the synthesized titanium glue microspheres are mesoporous, that the hysteresis loop of the titanium glue is H1 type and that the line spacing is small and deep, which indicates that the mesopores of the titanium glue are N for N₂The adsorption and desorption are carried out in parallel, which shows that the titanium balls synthesized by the PICA method have narrower pore size distribution. It is worth noting that microspheres with a type TypeIV adsorption isotherm and a type H1 hysteresis loop are the most suitable as HPLC stationary phase matrices. Therefore, the synthesized titanium glue microspheres are good HPLC matrix materials.

Example 2:

in a three-necked flask equipped with an electric stirrer and a constant pressure dropping funnel, 30g of ice was added. Under the ice-water bath, 10mL of titanium tetrachloride was dropped into ice and continuously stirred to hydrolyze the titanium tetrachloride. Then adding 2mL of acetylacetone into the hydrolysate; under the condition of stirring, 75mL of 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and 20mL of concentrated ammonia water are dripped into the prepared titanium tetrachloride hydrolysate to ensure that the pH value of the solution is equal to 0.48, and the solution is bathed for 2 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃; after cooling to 20 ℃, 21.6g of urea was added, and after dissolution, 21.2mL of formaldehyde having a concentration of 37% was quickly added to the mixture at 15 ℃ under stirring (750 rpm), and the mixture was allowed to stand after further stirring for 30 sec. The rest of the work-up procedure was as in example 1. The diameter of the prepared titanium ball is 3-5 μm, wherein more than 85 percent of the titanium balls are titanium balls with the diameter of 4 μm.

Example 3:

in a dry three-necked flask equipped with an electric stirrer and a constant pressure dropping funnel, 10mL of absolute ethanol and 34mL of tetrabutyl titanate were added, then 3.6mL of distilled water and 55mL of 2.0mol/L hydrochloric acid were added dropwise with stirring, 35mL of distilled water was added after clarification, water bath was performed at 60 ℃ for 2h, after cooling to 25 ℃, the pH of the solution was equal to 0.43, 13.0g of urea was added, after dissolution, 11.0mL of formaldehyde having a concentration of 37% was rapidly added to the mixture at 15 ℃ with stirring (. about.750 rpm), and after further stirring, the mixture was left to stand for 30 sec. The rest of the work-up procedure was as in example 1. The diameter of the prepared titanium ball is 3-5 μm, and the average grain diameter is 3.5 μm.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the titanium dioxide microspheres is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) hydrolyzing soluble titanium salt at pH 0.3-0.5 to obtain TiO₂Hydrosol;

(2) adding complexing stabilizer, heating in 60 + -2 deg.C water bath for 2 hr under stirring, cooling to 15-25 deg.C, adding urea, stirring to dissolve, adding formaldehyde after ice-water bath to 10-15 deg.C, stirring, and standing for more than 3 hr to obtain TiO₂A symbiotic ball with urea-formaldehyde resin;

(3) washing with water to remove unreacted TiO₂The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing urea and formaldehyde, performing azeotropic dehydration by using isoamyl acetate as a dispersant, filtering out titanium gel spheres, volatilizing a solvent under an infrared lamp, drying at the temperature of 120 ℃ for more than 12 hours and 190 ℃ for 20-40 hours in vacuum, carbonizing microspheres on an electric furnace, presintering at about 300 ℃ in a muffle furnace, sintering at about 600 ℃ for 6 hours, and finally raising the temperature to 850 ℃ and 900 ℃ and maintaining for more than 2 hours.

2. The method for producing titanium dioxide microspheres according to claim 1, wherein TiO is used₂The weight concentration of the hydrosol is 3-20%, the concentration of the urea is 0.5-3.0mol/l, the concentration of the formaldehyde is 0.6-2.1mol/l, and the complexing stabilizer and the TiO are₂The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 0.01-0.2: 1; the pH value during polymerization is between 0.3 and 0.5.

3. The method for preparing titanium dioxide microspheres according to claim 1, wherein the complexing stabilizer is ethylene glycol, glycerol, citric acid, lactic acid or acetylacetone.

4. Root of herbaceous plantThe process for producing titania microspheres according to claim 1, wherein the soluble titanium salt is titanium tetrachloride, soluble titanate or R ═ C₁-C₅Alkoxy titanium of (2) Ti (OR)₄。

5. The method for preparing titanium dioxide microspheres according to claim 1, wherein TiO is added during hydrolysis of the soluble titanium salt₂Colloid seed crystal.

6. Titanium dioxide microspheres obtained by any one of the production methods described in claims 1 to 5.