CN1276061A - Electric arc monitoring systems - Google Patents
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- CN1276061A CN1276061A CN 97182342 CN97182342A CN1276061A CN 1276061 A CN1276061 A CN 1276061A CN 97182342 CN97182342 CN 97182342 CN 97182342 A CN97182342 A CN 97182342A CN 1276061 A CN1276061 A CN 1276061A
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Abstract
Electric arc monitoring is effected by exploiting the discovery that electric arcs are fractal phenomena with all essential information that signifies "arc" contained in each fractal subset. These fractal subsets are logarithmically distributed over the arc spectrum. Monitoring of arcs is most advantageously effected on a fractal subset of low logarithmic order hwere the amplitude is higher pursuant to the 1/f characteristic of electric arcs, where cross-induction among neighboring circuits is lower, and where travel between the arc and the arc signature pickup is longer than at the high frequencies customary for a rc detection. Fractal subset transformation reduces the danger of false alarms. Arc signature portions may be processed in out of phase paths or treated as modulated carriers.
Description
Technical field of the present invention relates to method and the device that is used for electric arc or electric spark are monitored, detect, indicate, assessed and sends signal.
The unordered electromagnetic radiation (chaotic electromagneticemanation) that shows as electric arc or electric spark causes many troubles through regular meeting; wherein electromagnetic interaction is strapped in the atomic nucleus of electronics in atom and molecule, and is that base unit carries out with the photon.
In fact, the spectral range of electric arc and electric spark has covered from DC to whole radio frequency spectrum, arrives the very big frequency range of microwave, infrared and visible light again.
The practicality exploitation of electric arc and electric spark comprises: arc lamp, and electric welding, the electric arc type metallurgical furnace, the electric arc type ion generator in the satellite propulsion unit, the spark plug type lighter in the internal combustion engine, and the electric spark igniter in the gas appliance or the like.
Yet unfortunately, though used electric arc or electric spark in electric lighting, arc welding and metallurgy and the internal-combustion engine ignition device bring huge benefit to people, but under same intensity situation, if careless when using electric arc or electric spark, just cause such as catastrophic consequences such as blast, fire owing to unordered arc discharge or sparking possibly.
Therefore, such as garage, automobile repair station, oil depot or refuelling station, and other may cause the occasion of calamitous blast owing to arc discharge, be sought after a kind of electric arc monitoring systems.
In addition, although utilize fuse and isolating switch can prevent that serious overload appears in locking system, they are to preventing usually in that to be lower than the infringement that accidental electric arc and electric spark caused of fuse being blown or having been occurred during the levels of current of the level of initialization circuit circuit breaker trip generally invalid.
Therefore, in the circuit of quite a lot of quantity and kind, all very need to carry out Electric arc monitoring reliably.
Certainly, several representative example of reliable electric arc or electric spark monitoring technology are used in cited just being suitable for more than.
And in this regard one make its subject matter of always stagnating be, people develop research in line with the aim how to avoid false alarm occurring as far as possible for a long time.Certainly, false alarm is avoiding greatly of warning system, if false alarm frequently appears in warning system, then it will lose application value.
Therefore, in order to reduce to cause the probability of false alarm owing to radio broadcasting and radio frequency safety system signal, HAMPSHIRE, Michael John discloses a kind of arc-detection system in the open WO 90/04278 of international monopoly, wherein will not deal with the frequency that is higher than 180kHz for being lower than about 160kHz in the arc signal characteristic frequency spectrum, and only centre frequency being roughly 170KHz, the frequency band that bandwidth is roughly 20kHz carries out electric fault detection processing.Yet, if so, required frequency sampling scope with compare too small (1/tens is also little) for the 100kHz scope that can either detect arc characteristic (signature) reliably, simultaneously can prevent false alarm again equally reliably.
And the PCT/US90/06113 of application on October 24 nineteen ninety, publication number is WO 92/08143, and the patentee is Hendry Mechanical Works, and the invention people is HAM, Jr., the corresponding United States Patent (USP) 5,373 that Howard M. and on Dec 13rd, 1994 announce, 241, a kind of arc-detection system that can avoid above-mentioned defective is then disclosed in the patent 5,477,150 (it all is accommodated in this instructions as a reference) that announce Dec 19 nineteen ninety-five.Wherein, list of references also comprises its corresponding application EPO 507 782 (90917578.8) and European countries' patent thereof, with and corresponding Australian Patent 656128, Canadian patent application 2,093,420, Chinese patent application 92102453.3, Japanese patent application 500428/91, korean patent application (PCT) 701219/93, and Mexico's patent 178914 (9201530), allowing the country of these lists of references of income for all, the application is all with its income as a reference.Said system is by being converted into combination frequency with transition electric arc characteristic frequency, can detect and can cause the distinct electric arc characterization signal of transition narrow band signal (arc-indicative signal) of false alarm according to this combination frequency, thereby avoid the appearance of false alarm.
Under above-mentioned background, a kind of frequency-selecting type arc-detection system is disclosed in the application of subsequent application as prior art, it has adopted the most representative technology in the arc-detection technology prior art that is regarded as.Wherein proposed multiple mainly by check higher KHz (as from 100kHz to 1 megahertz) frequency in the scope carries out the method for arc-detection.Yet, these methods have not only covered the major part of public A.M. radio broadcasting frequency band (be in some country " long wave " and " medium wave " often said), have also covered the radio frequency range of control described in the above-mentioned list of references WO 90/04278 or security system type.Therefore, along with the difference of its position, this system will inevitably be subjected to the interference of many extraneous signals.
In another embodiment of prior art, adopted this principle equally, its suggestion uses a kind of wherein being led to by a band to be 50kHz, and 3 its centre frequencies are respectively 225kHz, 525kHz and 825kHz, 4 the comb filter that bandpass filter constituted configuration altogether.In A.M. broadcasting and above-mentioned control and security system wireless frequency band range, because the 50kHz of frequency spectrum sampling can only be represented the small segmentation of unordered arc characteristic, therefore the danger of false alarm may appear causing owing to the irrelevant signal of coincidence.In addition, owing to be to detect by the processing in 4 filter assemblies of continuous comb filter in turn configuration in the prior art, so the effect of 55kHz bandpass filter will be affected.
Along with deepening continuously of arc-detection technical research, people have also attempted studying each low frequency that how to utilize in the low frequency range and have brought and carry out Electric arc monitoring, the people delivered but as B.D.Russell etc., be entitled as " An arcing Fault Detection Technique Using Low FrequencyCurrent Components-Performance Evaluation Using Recorded FieldData " (using the Performance Evaluation of the arc fault detection technique-employing record field of low-frequency current component) and " Behaviour of Low Frequency Spectra During arcing Fault andSwitching Events " (in the characteristic of arc fault and switch instances medium and low frequency frequency spectrum) (IEEETransaction on Power Delivery, Vol.3, No.4, in October, 1988, the 1485-1500 page or leaf) pointed in, these class methods all have the shortcoming that can't guarantee the arc-detection reliability because low-frequency band is narrow.
Looking back being fruitful of this area, all is by electric arc is interpreted as because the height random phenomenon that the unordered essence (chaotic nature) of arc characteristic determines detects substantially.Yet this thought of prior art has been ignored the fact that disordered system also has determinacy character and can successfully be handled, and prerequisite is that we can find what its cardinal principle is certainly, and how to use.
In fact, even for seeming the most unordered lightning, if carefulness be careful, as can be seen, between its each time (arboresque) is discharged night with and each thunderbolt branch structure in, all show certain self-similarity.
In this regard, can be described as ubiquitous in the work of the initiative of finishing in 18th century to the influence of theme of the present invention by Benjamin Franklin and George Christoph Lichtenberg.
Specifically, Franklin experimental results show that by its famous thunderstorm kite lightning is actually a kind of electrical phenomena.After this Lichtenberg then 1777 by on charged insulating surfaces, sowing fine powder such as types such as flour, initiated its famous " Lichtenberg figure ".The shape of the Lichtenberg figure of electric discharge phenomena is most and lightning is similar, perhaps on its branch line and himself pattern, all shows surprising self-similarity.ManfredSchroeder is entitled as " Fractals; Chaos; Power Laws " (fractal, unordered, energy law) (W.H.Freeman and Company at it, 1991), the 196th, in 197,215 and 216 pages, itself and diffusion limited polymerization (diffusion-limited aggregation) (DLA) are compared.And Kenneth Falconer then is entitled as (the John Wiley ﹠amp of " FractalGeometry " (fractal geometry) book at it; Sons, 1990) in the 270th to 273 page, utilize the DLA model that gas discharge phenomenon is studied.
Knowledge as a setting, fractal (fractal) be by Benoit Mandelbrot in 1975 propose, name and object that the fractal geometry of definition is first studied.And fractal geometry show, the geometry of nature a few reason moral types in fact and not in full conformity with Europe.The foundation stone of euclidean geometry is size and ratio characteristic.And nature is not limited only to specific size or ratio.Euclidean geometry is suitable for culture, but it can't represent the structure of nature fully practically.Euclidean geometry can be explained by formula, and the mathematical linguistics of spontaneous phenomenon then is a recursive algorithm.
Above-mentioned recursiveness is that himself shows as for those statements even without unordered influence also damaging character, for example, has very stable unchangeability for size and ratio, and proposition is referred to as self-similarity or from affinity.Fractal is self similarity, mainly shows, a fractal arbitrary fraction all is whole epitomes.Hereinafter these fractions are called " fractal subclass ".
Electric arc or electric spark monitoring only focus on so-called arc characteristic usually, promptly are arranged in that part of frequency spectrum of the frequency band that is lower than visible light, heat radiation and microwave spectrum in the electromagnetic spectrum of electric arc or electric spark.
Subject matter in this area then concentrates on mostly because the caused false alarm of mutual inductance between the adjacent monitored circuit.In this regard, according to its normalized form, a mutual inductance that wherein has the monitored circuit of electric arc and wherein do not occur between the adjacent monitored circuit of electric arc be as can be known:
I
n＝2πfMI
as/Z
n (1)
I wherein
As=wherein have an arc characteristic electric current in the monitored circuit of electric arc,
I
n=by the caused induction current of arc characteristic in the adjacent monitored circuit that electric arc wherein do not occur,
The M=mutual inductance,
Z
nThe impedance of=described adjacent circuit, and
The f=frequency
Between the adjacent circuit, by the I in the monitored circuit that wherein has electric arc
AsIn another adjacent monitored circuit since the induction caused electric current I
n, along with principal current I
AsThe reduction of frequency and weakening.Yet the characteristics of electromagnetism arc characteristic are that it has the shape of frequency inverse (1/f) progression that is similar to its amplitude.If, can get with the above-mentioned formula of its substitution (1):
I
n＝(2πfMI
as/f)/Z
n (2)
Wherein " f " will can be obtained by cancellation
I
n＝2πMI
as/Z
n (3)
That is, mutual inductance and secondary current I
nWith frequency-independent.Can obtain the conclusion of prior art by above-mentioned analysis, reduce wherein the frequency of the arc characteristic frequency band that electric arc is monitored, can not reduce cross-inductive effectively and reduce the false alarm that is produced thus.
A basic purpose of the present invention provides a kind of modified electric arc monitoring systems that has adopted new-type circuit and/or utilized the characteristic of before also not using in the arc characteristic.
The relevant purpose of an embodiment of the present invention is, compared with prior art, allows to carry out reliable Electric arc monitoring on the farther position of distance electric arc, makes it crosstalk or respond to and become littler simultaneously.
In this regard and generally speaking, term " monitoring " has meaning widely, it comprise to electric arc or electric spark monitor, detect, indicate, assess with and/or notice note having electric arc or electric spark to occur, term " electric arc " then is to be the interchangeable electric arc of same phenomenon and the general designation of electric spark in essence.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention finds that electric arc is fractal phenomenon, be not only as previous known to the visible light part in its electromagnetic radiation, in fact being distributed in the electromagnetic radiation in space or the circuit lead, until the extremely low frequency band all is fractal phenomenon owing to wherein having certain arc.Show wherein all essential information that contain " electric arc " because arbitrary fracton is concentrated all to include,, and reach the purpose of Electric arc monitoring so we can monitor the electromagnetic radiation of electric arc by its fractal subclass fully.
According to the present invention, also not only be confined to its visible region by the Fractal Properties of recognizing electric arc, but in fact until the low-frequency range in several cycles of per second all maintains this kind Fractal Properties, therefore, the present invention can increase a fundamental characteristics and at least one discrimination standard for the arc characteristic of previously known at least; That is,
1. arbitrary fracton is concentrated and is all included all essential informations that are used for electric arc is effectively monitored; Thus
2. can be no longer as prior art, under certain constraint, select specific monitoring frequency band according to specific purposes, and can be really by to susceptibility, detection speed, prevent or refuse glitch, and require stroke (travel) and the transmission mode of arc characteristic from electric arc to the observation circuit carried out optimal compromise under the varying environment, selects to monitor frequency band.
According to above-mentioned principle, the object of the invention is to provide that a kind of to be used for monitoring its arc characteristic of monitored circuit be the system of electric arc with broadband range frequency of unordered essence, specifically, its purpose is to be provided for selecting to be characterized in having the fractal subclass of relative longer stroke and the system that this fractal subclass of arc characteristic is monitored along monitored circuit in the arc characteristic.
Above so-called " relatively " refers to the possible stroke of arc signal and the frequency of arc characteristic is inversely proportional to.In this regard, can be with reference to electric current algebraic formula commonly used:
I＝E/[R
2+(2πfL-1/2πfC)
2]
1/2 (3)
I=electric current wherein
E=voltage or electromotive force
R=resistance
The f=frequency
The L=inductance, and
The electric capacity of C=circuit
From then on the formula associated advantages of the embodiment of the invention as can be seen; That is, select the fractal of low-limit frequency or long wavelength, in fact be equivalent to select in the arc characteristic a plurality of differences of advancing along monitored circuit fractal in " survivor of longest-lived ".Up to the present, we we can say that above-mentioned monitored circuit self has played the effect of the low-pass filter of arc-detection monitor.Therefore, various embodiments of the present invention all allows to occur in the distance circuit to carry out Electric arc monitoring on the position quite far away, the position of electric arc, this is significant for practical application, this is because just can monitor more massive circuit thus, also can provide central arc-detection monitoring station for a plurality of different circuit easily simultaneously.
In any case with respect to higher arc characteristic frequency, on lower arc characteristic frequency, arc signal is all longer along the possible stroke of monitored circuit.
It can also be seen that, on lower arc characteristic frequency, probability by the caused false alarm of mutual inductance in the adjacent monitored circuit will be minimum, this with by prior art conclusion indicated in the above-mentioned formula (1) to (3) just the opposite (wherein in the formula (2), the frequency factor in the denominator " f " will cancel each other out with " f " in the molecule).
Yet if consider the radiation effect that certain is possible, the mistake of prior art conclusion will be apparent.In this regard, well-known λ/2 and λ/4 antennas can constitute the electromagnetic radiator of fabulous Hertzian of performance and Marconi type.Wiring in a lot of telephone exchanges, power supply administration and other facility in order to detect the electric arc in the selected radio-frequency region of prior art, often need be used this type of antenna.Even the length of some wiring still is not enough to constitute quarter-wave aerial in the above-mentioned facility, then because some reactance in the circuit can provide the tuning of lumped impedance type or " load ", shorter conductor also can become effective radiator and can make relatively.
Consequently, can make to produce between the adjacent circuit and pick up the electromagnetism arc characteristic, thereby the initiation false alarm, unless according to certain aspect of the present invention, when the arc characteristic segment of being picked up (segment) that is used to monitor is that ultralow frequency (VLF) is just can avoid occurring above-mentioned situation.
Therefore, the various embodiments according to the present invention is compared with the arc characteristic with high frequency, and low frequency is fractal because the glitch that cross-inductive produced between the adjacent circuit is wanted much less.Therefore, compare with the hf electric arc feature, low frequency is fractal can more effectively be avoided occurring because the caused false alarm of mutual inductance in the adjacent circuit.
Therefore, various embodiments of the present invention not only allow occurring carrying out Electric arc monitoring on the position quite far away, position apart from electric arc in the monitored circuit, but also can avoid effectively false alarm occurring in adjacent monitored circuit.
Therefore, according to a kind of related embodiment of the present invention, electric arc is concentrated the detecting of fracton that is lower than 30kHz from arc characteristic.Electric and the electronic term standard dictionary according to up-to-date IEEE, the 5th edition (IEEE, 1993), 30kHz is the upper bound of ultralow frequency (VLF).
The range of choice that currently preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein can detect the fractal subclass of electric arc is limited in ELF (extremely low frequency) frequency band, according to the definition of ieee standard dictionary, promptly from 3Hz to 3kHz.
Another kind of embodiment of the present invention will be monitored fractal being restricted to and will be lower than in the ieee standard dictionary defined 200Hz to the arc characteristic frequency of the voice band (vf) of 3500Hz.
According to this thought, another embodiment of the present invention will be monitored the arc characteristic frequency that fractal subclass is restricted to the first harmonic that is lower than standard lines frequency in the ac power supply system.
Select the arc characteristic of being monitored fractal in the suitable frequency band of a kind of embodiment of the present invention or even the standard lines frequency from the order of magnitude and ac power supply system.
According to a kind of related fields of the present invention, it is a kind of that to be used for monitoring its arc characteristic of monitored circuit be the device of electric arc with broadband range frequency of unordered essence, this device comprises an electrical filter, it has an input end that is coupled with electric arc, and have with arc characteristic in have the corresponding passband of fractal subclass that the feature of relative longer stroke is arranged along monitored circuit, and the output that is used for this fractal subclass of arc characteristic.Said apparatus also comprises a unordered Broadband Detection device, and the input end of this detecting device is used to import the fractal subclass of arc characteristic in the output that is coupled to above-mentioned electrical filter.
According to its another aspect, the object of the invention is to provide that a kind of to be used for monitoring its arc characteristic of monitored circuit be the method for electric arc with broadband range frequency of unordered essence.According to this aspect of the invention, specifically, its improvements comprise, along two each other the path of out-phase the each several part of arc characteristic is handled, and partly come electric arc is monitored according to these out-phase of arc characteristic.
According to an one related fields, it is the device of electric arc with broadband range frequency of unordered essence that the object of the invention is to be provided for monitoring its arc characteristic in the monitored circuit.According to this aspect of the invention, specifically, its improvements comprise, an electrical filter, its input is coupled mutually with electric arc, common frequency band is corresponding with the arc characteristic each several part simultaneously, and its output is used to export the each several part of arc characteristic, an inverting amplifier, have input end and an amplifier out of linking to each other with this electrical filter output, an in-phase amplifier, this in-phase amplifier has input end and amplifier out that links to each other with electrical filter output, and a unordered Broadband Detection device, and it has a while and the anti-phase detecting device input end that is coupled mutually with output in-phase amplifier.
According to it on the other hand, the object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of to be used for monitoring its arc characteristic of monitored circuit be the method for electric arc with broadband range frequency of unordered essence, specifically, be following improvements, it comprises, arc characteristic is processed into the modulated carrier with the modulation voltage (modulation) that has characterized electric arc, and monitors electric arc by the modulation voltage of monitoring modulated carrier.
According to an one related fields, it is the device of electric arc with broadband range frequency of unordered essence that the object of the invention is to be provided for monitoring its arc characteristic in the monitored circuit, specifically, its purpose is to provide a kind of improved device, and it comprises a modulated carrier detecting device with arc characteristic input and the output of carrier modulation amount.
According to a top similar aspect, it is the device of electric arc with broadband range frequency of unordered essence that the object of the invention is to be provided for monitoring its arc characteristic in the monitored circuit, specifically, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of improved device, comprising a combined type modulated carrier detecting device with a plurality of arc characteristic inputs and a combined carriers modulation voltage output.
Many aspects of the present invention and purpose thereof will be from multiple examples shown in conjunction with the accompanying drawings next and are become apparent the detailed description that its multiple preferred embodiment is carried out, wherein accompanying drawing has constituted the part of this instructions, and wherein similarly caption is represented identical or equivalent part, wherein:
Figure 1 shows that the arc characteristic frequency spectrum polar plot of drawing according to wavelength, and according to the selected fractal subclass that is used to carry out Electric arc monitoring of one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 shows that the block scheme of electric arc monitoring systems according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 3 shows that the graph of relation of gain according to the preferred embodiment of the invention and frequency;
Figure 4 shows that the electrical schematic diagram that can be used to circuit in system shown in Figure 2 or other system, that be used for Electric arc monitoring according to one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 5 shows that the electrical schematic diagram that can be used in another circuit in system shown in Figure 2 or other system, that be used for Electric arc monitoring according to one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 6 shows that according to one embodiment of the invention and can be used in the electrical schematic diagram of a circuit again in system shown in Figure 2 or other system, that be used for Electric arc monitoring;
Figure 7 shows that according to an embodiment more of the present invention, can be used to Fig. 2, shown in 4,5 and 6 in the system a plurality of the processing stage in, be used to indicate the circuit diagram of optical indicator possible or the actual arc discharge.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the original works that protected by law by the Berne Convention and all respective country; its copyright owner one general headquarters are positioned at the Hendry Mechanical Works (Hendry Mechanical Works) of California, USA Goleta, agree this figure to be printed or to be published by World Intellectual Property Organization and mondial patent agency at this.
The accompanying drawing illustration basic models more of the present invention and be respectively applied for the multiple preferred embodiment of implementing its certain aspect.Because fractal geometry are a kind of visual art, also be a kind of mathematical form, so we can utilize logarithmic spiral shown in Figure 1 to describe work of the present invention.This also is a comparatively novel aspect of the present invention, and normally utilizes cartesian coordinate system before this and draw the arc characteristic frequency spectrum according to frequency.Because it doesn't matter with its medium that is transmitted to a great extent for the frequency of arc characteristic, the wavelength of arc characteristic then has comparatively directly relation with its medium that is transmitted simultaneously, therefore studies according to frequency and draw to seem more reasonable.
For a long time, the starting point of prior art concentrates on how arc characteristic is expressed as the logarithm phenomenon with fractal essence intuitively always, therefore difficult, if and according to the present invention the current aspect of discussing, no longer be that frequency is studied and drawn according to wavelength, then we will discuss and use avatars easily intuitively, thereby more help researching and developing.
According to this kind thought, can get following fundamental formular according to polar coordinates synoptic diagram shown in Figure 1
r＝exp(qλ
w)
R=radius wherein
Q=is greater than 1 growth factor, and
λ
w=by its polar angle that wavelength determined in particular mediums such as all circuit leads as described.
Polar plot shown in Figure 1 also can be expressed the logarithmic growth helical in the present countless natural forms, comprising the nautilus that is occurred that is occurred on the earth in the Devonian period and therefrom produced the algae and the first strain terrestrial plant before 300,018,000 years.Its Carboniferous period before 200,016,000 years, it was further evolved again to having the pteridophyte of fairly obvious fractal structure, every epitome that leaf is its limb structure wherein, and wherein each limb is duplicate (replica) of pteridophyte or shrub.Nautilus is cretaceous extinction in latter stage before 65,000,000 years, but pteridophyte survives till now with other various natural forms with fractal structure always always.
Fortunately, the place that older generation mathematician Jacob Bernoulli was lived before 1705 once was a boundless sea before millions upon millions of years, and it has indispensable effect to the generation of this subject undoubtedly.This is because abundant nautilus fossil is arranged in this zone, and other abundant biological fossil.
Bernoulli so is fascinated in logarithmic spiral, so that the famous research works of its " perfect helical " by name also is as research contents with it.A wonderful attribute wherein is that logarithmic spiral is perfectly fractal, because no matter how it changes, all can keep identical attribute.For amplifying and dwindling, its corresponding variation is rotational displacement, and its shape is with unaffected thus.This of logarithmic spiral and other known attribute show that it is real fractal phenomenon, and if with polar coordinate mode and according to wavelength, as shown in Figure 1, arc characteristic also has similar character as can be seen.
In addition, the nautilus shell also has a kind of structure that wherein is divided into a plurality of inner chambers by partition (a series of flat board that separates each other), wherein in the interval of shell center minimum, and along the direction of shell spiral shell " growth ", will constantly increase in the logarithm mode at interval.Therefore, the big young pathbreaker of each inner chamber constantly increases in the logarithm mode along with " growth " of helix between the adjacent partition.
Similar with nautilus shell inner chamber, in arc characteristic or frequency spectrum 10, with regard to wavelength, as shown in the figure, the frequency between wavelength or the frequency 13 or the size of wavelength interval 12 also will increase in the logarithm mode.
The core of arc radiation is noted as limit place＜μ, and it represents the wavelength less than 1 micron; That is, expression is by general visible that electric arc sent.In next solenoid, then mark has symbol＞μ, otherwise its expression electric arc is applicable to electric welding, smelting furnace and internal-combustion engine ignition device and also can sets off an explosion thus or the infrared radiation and the microwave section of fire.
After this, when Fig. 1 represented to divide according to frequency, the segmentation that electromagnetism arc feature other each is concrete was comprising following frequency band
The GHz=kilo-mega cycles per second
It is carried out arc characteristic in the MHz=prior art and detects, and wherein " be full of " extraneous signal that comes from television broadcasting and the megahertz frequency range of radio signal,
The 100kHz=prior art has been carried out arc characteristic detection completely to it, and wherein has been full of 100 kilo hertzs of frequency ranges of radio signals,
The lower bound that is used for arc-detection in the 30kHz=prior art,
VLF=is by defined " ultralow frequency " frequency range from 3kHz to 30kHz of above-mentioned IEEE dictionary.
ELF=is by defined " extremely low frequency " frequency range from 3Hz to 3kHz of IEEE dictionary,
Vf=is by defined " audio frequency " in from 200Hz to the 3500Hz scope of IEEE dictionary, and
Lf=" line frequency ", i.e. the 50Hz of European system, the 60Hz of U.S. system.
Certainly, we can't represent the unordered essence of electric arc with open-and-shut synoptic diagram.But Fig. 1 can be counted as arc characteristic at least in a certain instantaneous diagram.However, from Fig. 1 still as can be seen shown in the fractal subclass of logarithm of arc characteristic have tangible statistical self-similarity.
By summing up the mutual of nautilus like property, we as can be seen, only the log characteristic of the evolution process of growth spiral line 10 and electric arc frequency spectrum is very similar, and the frequency interval 12 that increases in the logarithm mode with wavelength of its length with by the formed inner chamber of the partition of above-mentioned nautilus shell very similar corresponding relation is arranged also.With regard to arc characteristic, above-mentioned partition is corresponding to the radial line 13 of having represented characteristic frequency, thereby makes interval 12 between these Frequency points, becomes logarithm to distribute according to the direction that wavelength increases or frequency reduces along arc characteristic.
Fig. 1 also shows the correlativity of arc characteristic amplitude and frequency inverse or 1/f.As shown in Figure 1, amplitude is with the wavelength value of increasing to a
MaxFrom the also fractal property of electric arc as can be seen in this respect.
And at the problem of 1/f noise, Dres.rer.nat.Heinz-Otto Peitgen and DietmarSaupe, works (Springer-Verlag in its " the Science of Fractal Images " (science of fractal graph) by name, New York, 1988), point out in the 39th to 44 page that we can't utilize simple mathematics model to produce this noise like, except the concrete distribution to time constant repeats hypothesis.
This and white noise and cloth youth motion all have very big difference.In this regard, they have provided the conclusion that nearly all music rhythm all exactly likes 1/f noise.The text is as follows: " feature mode that the music and our world develop in time is very alike ".In fact, have " be full of " in the musical works that countless multiple themes change fractal.
Dres.Peitgen and Saupe point out that also music and 1/f noise are all between pure randomness and predictability.Or even minimum one section (phrase) also can reflect whole integral body.Like this equally for arc characteristic, and hereinafter will abbreviate above-mentioned minimal segment as " fractal subclass ".
Identical with the theme in the music, these fractal subclass can have the characteristics that integral body can be regarded as the fractal repetition of its limited number of time, see for details hereinafter.
As shown in Figure 1, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is from the fracton centralized detecting electric arc of the broadband range 30kHz that is lower than the arc characteristic frequency.Comprising above-mentioned VLF (ultralow frequency) and the frequency that is lower than this frequency range.
Specifically, one embodiment of the present of invention are limited in ELF (extremely low frequency) frequency range selects to be used for the fractal subclass that therefrom detects electric arc or electric arc is monitored, wherein according to up-to-date IEEE Electrical and Electronic terminology standard dictionary, the 5th edition (Institute of Electrical and Electric Engineers, 1993) definition, ELF represents the frequency range from 3Hz to 30kHz.
An alternative embodiment of the invention then will be monitored fractal subclass and is limited to and be lower than the arc characteristic frequency in the tonal range of 3500Hz of defined 200Hz in the ieee standard dictionary.According to this thought, another embodiment of the present invention will be monitored the arc characteristic frequency that fractal subclass is limited in the first harmonic of the standard lines frequency that is lower than in the ac power supply system.One embodiment of the present of invention then or even select to be monitored the fractal subclass of arc characteristic in the suitable frequency band of the standard lines frequency (1f) from its order of magnitude and ac power supply system.
In this way, under specified criteria, various embodiments of the present invention all can be selected can access the fractal of best overall, thereby can reach maximum arc characteristic amplitude a
MaxAnd realize optimum signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio); In this case, signal is the 1/f noise of electric arc, and is noted as λ
wNoise.On the other hand, so-called noise includes such as white noise that various circuit produced and Brownian movement by electric arc monitoring systems in " signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) ", and the extraneous signal that may cause false alarm or false readings.
Certainly, according to the difference of application scenario, except reaching a
MaxOutside, it also may have other index, but as shown in Figure 1,, all obviously more superior according to the present invention than prior art from the fractal selected arc characteristic amplitude of a plurality of frequencies of growth spiral line 10 most of outer rings.
According to embodiments of the invention, may cause the occasion of problem in the cross-inductive of arc characteristic, from arc characteristic, select to produce a
MaxAmplitude or other suitable amplitude fractal has additional advantage.For instance, when utilizing a plurality of corresponding arc detectors to come a plurality of circuit are carried out Electric arc monitoring, when supposing to have occurred in one of them circuit electric arc and relative arc detector simultaneously this being responded, it will be very favourable selecting fractal like this.
According to arriving (4) explanation afterwards at formula (1), carry out Electric arc monitoring and handle by selecting to have the fractal subclass of higher magnitude (being long wavelength or low frequency), a preferred embodiment of the present invention can make in the prior art danger that produces false alarm owing to the cross-inductive between the monitored circuit of adjacent independence be reduced to minimum.
Figure 2 shows that the synoptic diagram of the conductor 20 of the circuit 21 that wherein has electric arc 22.
As an example, circuit 21 can be the part of telephone exchange or also may be one of other multiple circuit or load, comprising following example:
In development, exploitation and the maintenance process of internal combustion engine, how can in each cylinder, all set up and keep the electric spark of optimum state most important.Therefore very need a kind of reliable electric spark monitoring system, indispensable in the internal combustion engine cutting edge technology although this system can not say so.
According to similar thought, the automaticity of electric welding becomes more and more higher, and the reliable monitoring of welding arc or electric spark helps extremely to its development, exploitation, and the quality control of production line, can further guarantee the robotization of electric welding welding simultaneously.In addition, " the electric spot welding processing " in many modern times all depends on and how better electric energy directly to be added on the workpiece contacted with it, and is not subjected to the interference of electric arc simultaneously.In fact, in the Joule effect soldering,, will seriously reduce the quality of welding such as the electric arc that produces owing to loose contact between the workpiece.Therefore, the load on the circuit 21 may be, for example a robot or other spot-welding equipment.In the case, the spot welding monitor can be supervised the process that spot welding is handled, simultaneously can be betwixt owing to when arc discharge occurring and making the welding quality reduction, send corresponding notification signal.That is, when welding quality descends, will correspondingly send signal and take its corresponding measures with the notifying operation personnel, such as before welding, carrying out cleaning better, perhaps in welding process in order to make contact more tight and press workpiece tighter.
In addition, reliable electric arc monitoring systems is to the recent model of original arc lamp, and is also very favourable as development, exploitation and the high-quality maintenance of mercury or sodium vapour lamp, also is like this for metallurgical furnace and other smelting furnace.
Similarly, electric arc and electric spark monitoring system for detect and (in case of necessity) get rid of wherein since too much sparking or arc discharge to produce the circuit and the fault in the equipment of radio interference also very useful.
And, in some coal gas heating apparatus the fuel gas lighter that utilizes electric spark to carry out work is installed also as other example.In the case, know whether that it will be very important having produced the required electric spark that is used to light a fire, particularly thermostat away from the heating unit situation under.In addition, the electric spark monitor can also be before the fault that system's appearance is collapsed and other rehabilitation expense is high, and the indication user need change lighter.
In addition, in ion generator, also will use electric arc.At satellite propulsion unit, and such as being used for being stabilized in satellite on the geostationary orbit or being used to advance satellite and surveying other outer space propulsion system that airship advances, just obtaining more and more widely application such as the ion generator of " ammonia electric arc type " or other type.In the case, the Electric arc monitoring device is for development, the exploitation of this type of ion generator, and maintenance and operation is all very useful.
In addition, also to monitor, whether have harmful arc discharge generation to detect for machinery, circuit or the equipment that in its operation, can produce the normal electrical spark.One of them example is that when its carbon brush was damaged, owing to friction constantly between the carbon brush clamp spring of commutator that does not stop to rotate and metal quality, and this type of friction often was attended by strong arc discharge, so commutator for electric motor also often is damaged.If therefore just can detect in early days with distinct this type of of normal commutator sparking and cross the hard arc discharge, can do sth. in advance reminds people and need take the precautionary measures, thereby collapse and other serious damage appear in the equipment that can prevent.Be used for producing electric spark and electric arc but, also can adopting homogeneous system breaking down or being easy to be subjected to the relay and the contactor of the influence of over-discharge can during excessive wear by normal running.
Similarly, as than gasoline or the more appearance once again of the electric automobile of environmental protection of diesel driven automobile, make reliable Electric arc monitoring become important further.Specifically, just all being equipped with usually overnight must the charging again, this type of electric vehicle in charging process, may produce the large-capacity battery of inflammable gas such as oxygen and hydrogen.Therefore,, and when having detected arc discharge, can stop charging immediately and send alerting signal, can prevent catastrophic consequence if can monitor in the environment of arc discharge whether inflammable gas is arranged.
In all these situations, the present invention all will select a fractal subclass 16 of the feature (signature) of electric arc 22, to be used to carry out arc-detection.In the process of selecting fractal subclass, the present invention should have longer relatively stroke (distance between electric arc 22 and the pick-up 23) according to arc characteristic along monitored circuit 20, should make the very low standard of cross-inductive between the adjacent circuit that comprises monitored circuit 20 simultaneously, come from arc characteristic, to select.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is a fractal subclass of selecting arc characteristic in being lower than the low-frequency range of 30kHz.Compare with high band, wherein the arc characteristic amplitude is higher, and is longer along the arc characteristic stroke of lead (20), and the cross-inductive between the adjacent circuit of independently being monitored (21,30) is lower.
The present invention detects electric arc 22 subsequently in the fractal subclass 16 of arc characteristic.A preferred embodiment of the present invention is lower than the fracton centralized detecting electric arc 22 of 30kHz (such as the extremely low frequency ELF frequency range that is defined as from 3Hz to 3kHz, or or even being defined as among the audio section vf from 200Hz to 3500Hz) in arc characteristic.
Figure 3 shows that the synoptic diagram that is designated as the fractal subclass of arc characteristic at 16 places in, the frequency band 15 illustrated with logarithmic scale.In actual applications, select the fractal subclass 16 of this type of low frequency can avoid occurring owing to multiple reason (such as the cross-inductive between the circuit 20 that wherein has electric arc 22 and other any current monitored circuit 30 of adjacent independence that electric arc do not occur etc., perhaps on the contrary, the cross-inductive between any adjacent circuit that wherein has electric arc and monitored by another observation circuit 19 and the circuit 20 that do not occur electric arc at that time) caused false alarm.
Select the fractal subclass 16 of this type of low frequency also can allow comparing, along detecting electric arc 22 on the farther position of lead 20 with the distance that high frequency band can reach.Above-mentioned 1/f or λ according to electric arc when minimum false alarm probability situation is issued to highest signal to noise ratio
wCharacteristic selects for use this type of low-frequency band also can produce the input signal with higher magnitude that is used to detect processing.
By select for use standard lines frequency in the order of magnitude and the public exchange electric power system suitable than narrow-band 15, can almost completely eliminate to the switching transient signal in the telephone exchange, to the multiplexed audio signal, and to the susceptibility of the harmonic wave in the ac signal, and compare with high frequency monitoring system simultaneously, the permission stroke distances between electric arc 22 and the pick-up 23 also can be doubled.Preferably, according to this embodiment, a selected order harmonics that is lower than the standard lines frequency than narrow-band.
According to embodiment shown in Figure 3, the fractal subclass of selected arc characteristic can be the filter band 15 that is lower than line frequency (such as the 60Hz of 50Hz that is lower than European system or U.S. system).
Therefore, we can say that Electric arc monitoring according to the preferred embodiment of the invention mainly focuses on the low-frequency range of arc characteristic frequency spectrum.
The fractal subclass 16 of arc characteristic or therefrom carry out the frequency band 15 that electric arc 22 detects, one of the broadband range frequency that has covered electric arc 22 is to 1/1 of tens of (logarithmic decade).
So just, overcome in above-mentioned WO 90/04278 in the disclosed art methods, be restricted to that to show 170kHz greatly be the center owing to only will detect frequency range, width is roughly the defective that frequency band caused of 20kHz.Yet, the 20kHz scope in the 170kHz zone considered only include with " electric arc " and other signal significantly distinguish specific for tens of very little one section, so it keeps, and this is specific for a part of information of small scale very in the arc characteristic information that can be used for detecting in tens of.
And for the disclosed Electric arc monitoring technology that is made of comb filter a plurality of bandpass filter assemblies of wherein utilizing in the above-mentioned subsequent application, its situation neither be fine.The centre frequency of other all bandpass filter assembly in fact all belongs to covered from 100kHz to the frequency range littler 1 hertz than 1MHz the 5th to tens of except the first bandpass filter assembly.Because all these assemblies all have the bandwidth of 50kHz, so it all can only be by being used for detecting the specific arc characteristic information to tens of very little number percents with other rub-out signal or the distinct electric arc of extraneous signal of picking up.And, make art methods even the lowest frequency components that can not the fullest land productivity be used in the 55kHz zone detect because it is to detect in each assembly of comb filter configuration with rotation mode.
As an example, the present invention can utilize circuit shown in Figure 2 to put into practice.In this circuit, to utilize electrical filter 25 to detect that its arc characteristic is the electric arc 22 with broadband range frequency of unordered essence in the monitored circuit, this electrical filter has the input end 28 that is coupled mutually with electric arc, and have with the fractal subclass 16 of arc characteristic and (it is characterized by along monitored circuit and have relative long stroke, and cross-inductive is lower between the adjacent circuit) corresponding passband, and the output 27 that is used to export this fractal subclass of arc characteristic.Shown in another part of Fig. 2, can in the output of this electrical filter, be coupled a unordered Broadband Detection device, it has the detecting device input end of the fractal subclass 16 that is used to import arc characteristic.
Arc characteristic pick-up 23 can be conventional type, such as the clamp current converter that is terminated in the impedance 24,24 of impedances can be such as utilize two be connected together back-to-back and wherein the current-limiting resistance of the high speed diode on a side joint ground and series connection constitute, be used for big input transient signal is carried out the typical conventional peak-peak limiter that slicing is handled.
Pick-up or transformer 23 can for example be wound in and make it insert under the situation of loss the frequency sensitive in the 50Hz scope to 25Hz in minimum.This type of transformer 23 can be clipped on the lead 20 that (clamp around) will monitor.Hall effect sensor then be in practice of the present invention the another kind of arc signal pick-up that can adopt, that can certainly use other has line style or a radio-type sensor.For other monitored circuit 30 etc., also can be equipped with this type of or other similar pick-up 123 and observation circuit 19.
Arc characteristic signal that is picked up or 16 filtering of fractal subclass are by having the low-pass filter 25 of the input end 26 that links to each other with arc characteristic pick-up 13.In the prototype of this embodiment, the configuration of this wave filter is two cascades, 3 rank Butterworth (Butterworth) wave filters together; But it equally also can select other the interior configuration of the scope of the invention and the wave filter of other kind for use.
Relation curve among Fig. 3 between gain and the frequency is depicted as the typical response characteristic of this type of wave filter, and as can be seen, it is very little in the selected decay than on the narrow-band 15.
Within the scope of the invention, passband 15 can cover whole to tens of such as from 10Hz to 100Hz.According to an embodiment of the present, monitored the frequency range that the fractal subclass 16 of arc characteristic or passband 15 cover the broadband range frequency of electric arcs 22 and can not surpass one to tens of, this is because the decade from D.C. (direct current) to 10Hz is the decade of routine rather than to tens of causes.
As shown in Figure 3, the epimere of the response characteristic 41 of wave filter in passband 15 only accounts for this (10Hz's～100Hz) is only about half of to tens of.Clearly, utilize illustrated embodiment of the present invention that reliable arc-detection can be provided.Along with the difference of environment, the fractal subclass 16 of arc characteristic even can be also littler, but, can avoid occurring simultaneously false alarm again in order to carry out arc-detection reliably than shown in Figure 3, its should cover the broadband range frequencies to tens of at least 1/4.
In principle, can be with the disclosed application of aspects of the present invention of this instructions other frequency band in preferred ELF (extremely low frequency) frequency band except it, in fact the applicant has not only designed the circuit that is used for the ELF frequency band as shown in Figure 2, also designed simultaneously and be used for such as working in several kilo hertzs, and the circuit in 10 to 20 kilo hertzs of zones.
According to a preferred embodiment, it is selected is so a kind of than narrow-band 15 or fractal subclass 16, promptly compares with other frequency band except that it in the broadband range frequency of arc characteristic, and wherein the extraneous signal that is contained will reduce a lot relatively.Embodiment illustration among Fig. 3 wherein do not have tangible switching transient signal, multiplexed sound signal, the harmonic wave of ac energisation frequency in the telephone exchange, from control or the signal of security system and radio signals than narrow-band 15, it roughly covers from about 10Hz to the frequency range a little less than 50Hz.Yet, be not the present invention all embodiment all with its performance constraint in the frequency range of extremely low frequency.
With reference to Fig. 2, the output 27 of wave filter 25 is used to carry out Nonlinear Processing, hereinafter letter is called nonlinear processor 42 thus.As an example, this type of nonlinear processor can comprise a detuner that also can be known as " modulated carrier detecting device ", and it is used for the signal of handling through wave filter 25, wherein comprise the arc characteristic segment that its amplitude of picking up to some extent and frequency all do unordered variation is carried out demodulation process.Other aspect that reaches in this respect of the present invention, all the fractal subclass with arc characteristic is treated to the modulated carrier with modulation voltage of having represented electric arc 22, and comes electric arc is monitored by one or more modulation voltages of monitoring on the described modulated carrier.
As if the device that is used for monitoring its arc characteristic of monitored circuit and is the electric arc of the broadband range frequency with unordered essence comprises, and is all detuner or modulated carrier detecting device such, that have an arc characteristic input 27 and carrier modulation output 43 in the nonlinear processor 42.
As an example, the fractal subclass of arc characteristic can be treated to modulated subcarrier technique, and the modulation voltage by this type of modulated subcarrier technique of monitoring (such as by recovering the modulation voltage on this type of modulated subcarrier technique, and according to recovery modulation voltage detected amplitude) is monitored electric arc.
Therefore, nonlinear processor 42 can be a kind of corresponding to from 27 inputs unordered the time Variable Amplitude at 43 AM detecting device or the detuners that produce with the described AC signal that Variable Amplitude has functional relation when unordered.And on the other hand, then can not produce above-mentioned AC signal by 23 to 27 stabilization signals that mistake is picked up of circuit.Therefore, nonlinear processor 42 is first order treating apparatus that arc characteristic of will be picked up and the signal distinguishing that comes from radio or television broadcasting, radio frequency security system or other signal source except that electric arc come.
The recovery modulation voltage that expression " electric arc " in the output 45 of bandpass filter 44, then will occur.
In this respect the embodiment according to the present invention can use to have a plurality of arc characteristic inputs and the combined type modulated carrier detecting device that the combined carriers modulation voltage is exported in the process of monitoring electric arc.
In this regard, this type of combined type modulated carrier detecting device is made of the modulated carrier detecting device of same type; For example they can be AM detecting device or FM detecting device simultaneously.Shown in Figure 2 is an example of this kind situation, and wherein the modulated carrier detecting device of same type is connected on together.
Specifically, the output 45 of bandpass filter 44 links to each other with second detuner 46, and second detuner 46 for example can be that AM detuner or be used to produces the have functional relation detecting device of the output 47 that changes of its signal level and the arc characteristic of being picked up.
Within the scope of the invention, the modulated carrier detecting device that also can resemble the nonlinear processor 42 same type is connected in parallel.
In aspect the present invention widely, it should be understood that the demodulation techniques that also can adopt other type or kind, such as the technology of having developed at present that is used for frequency modulation (PFM), phase modulation (PM) or carrier suppressed or single sideband modulation.
Therefore, nonlinear processor 42 can (for example) comprise FM demodulator, the output 43 of FM demodulator produce with arc characteristic in the phase place or the corresponding signal of the unordered variation of frequency that are occurred.In this regard, this kind combined type modulated carrier detecting device can comprise the different type of modulation carrier detector, such as FM detecting device of being connected in series and AM detecting device.
A kind of embodiment of current institute discussion aspect according to the present invention, wherein arc characteristic is treated to the carrier wave of modulating with first mode and the second different with it modes simultaneously, and monitors electric arc by first and second modulation voltages of monitoring the described carrier wave of modulating with described first mode and described second mode.
As an example, above-mentioned different type of modulation carrier detector comprises AM detecting device and FM detecting device, and described AM detecting device and FM detecting device are connected on together.
As an example, as shown in Figure 4, nonlinear processor 42 can comprise with 27 as its public input and it exports AM in parallel and FM demodulator 412 and 413 that link to each other with " logical and " element 414 respectively separately.
Have only when 412 pairs of unordered amplitudes by the pickoff signals of 27 places input of AM detuner change and respond, and when simultaneously FM demodulator 413 also responded to the unordered frequency change by the pickoff signals of 27 places input, " logical and " element 414 just provided output at 43 places.
Therefore, the present invention can further prevent the false alarm that produces owing to such as extraneous signals such as AM broadcasting or control signal and FM broadcasting or control signals, and can further guarantee to have only when showing simultaneously in the pickoff signals that unordered amplitude changes and when unordered phase place or frequency change, when promptly showing arc characteristic, can conclude that just detected phenomenon is because electric arc is caused.
Preferably, in order to improve the speed of detection, will replace half-wave rectification and detection at 42 and 46 places and carry out with full-wave rectification or detection.And because the raising of speed correspondingly will allow to select frequency band lower shown among Fig. 3 15, wherein signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is a maximal value in this frequency range, and extraneous signal 52 then is minimum value (although Fig. 3 deliberately exaggerates).In other words, adopt full-wave rectification or detection can improve the low excessively problem of detection speed on low detection frequency.Just having realized thus in the above-mentioned detection can high error effect susceptibility that can be low, does not make us unacceptable delay on the detection speed and can not cause simultaneously.
Will be at 48 places to handling by 46 detection and carrying out timing and detect the size of its level by the electric arc characterization signals of output 47 outputs.Can adopt the conventional RC or the timing circuit of other type at 47 places; and conventional comparator circuit; to prevent that arc detector from making unnecessary response to switch transient changing, contact shake, normal commutation device arc discharge and the harmless electric arc of other transient state, detail will describe with reference to Fig. 6 hereinafter.Therefore, warning circuit 50 electric arc that will be only its duration have been surpassed given dangerous time threshold is reacted.
Embodiment shown in Figure 2 has avoided well because the caused false alarm of extraneous signal, and the bandwidth that no longer needs the arc signal that constriction picks up simultaneously is so that it is significantly less than the fractal subclass that wherein includes abundant electric arc information.And it can avoid impregnable extraneous signal to comprise: for example, and TV signal, various control signals, harmonic wave or compare with unordered arc signal that bandwidth is relative wants other narrow signal.
For some extraneous signal, itself also have the signal of unordered essence such as those, obscure mutually with the arc characteristic that has unordered essence equally for fear of it, will have to it is carried out common mode inhibition or other processing.And do the time spent when pickoff signals and himself difference frequency, for example in the use occasion of the following example of the present invention, can suppress extraneous signal well.
In this regard, " purification processes " of various embodiments (refinement) will draw fractal arc characteristic subclass 16 in the frequency band 15 from electric arc 22 according to the present invention, and will this fractal arc characteristic subclass 16 be converted into the arc signal 17 interior with distinct frequency bands of this fractal subclass or frequency band 15 18, as shown in Figure 3, detect the unordered broadband characteristics of having represented electric arc and in this arc signal 17.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, earlier fractal subclass 16 is carried out frequency transformation, shown in 17 among Fig. 3, and the fracton centralized detecting electric arc 22 after the frequency transformation more subsequently.As an example (but be not restriction), fractal subclass 16 can be added on himself, and can with Fig. 3 and identical mode shown in Figure 5, from addition gained fracton centralized detecting electric arc 22.
Specifically, the assembly 142 in the circuit shown in Figure 5 can prevent that the extraneous signal that occurs from handling arc-detection and cause bad influence in the monitoring frequency band.According to this kind technology, can fractal, detect before the electric arc from this, with respect to this fractal remainder, the energy of being monitored the arrowband extraneous signal in the fractal subclass 16 of arc characteristic is reduced.This kind element can be a frequency converter 142, it has converter input 127 and 227, be used to import the fractal subclass 16 of arc characteristic in the output 27 that is coupled to electrical filter circuit 25, and converter output 43, be used for exporting the arc characteristic segmentation 17 of the frequency band 18 different with the frequency band 15 of filter circuit 25.Utilization just can detect electric arc in the arc signal 17 after conversion such as the device of types such as unordered Broadband Detection device.
As an example (but as restriction), input end among Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 and output terminal 26 and 45 can be mutually the same, and the other parts circuit also can be identical with the circuit of counterpart among the Fig. 2 that has above described in detail among Fig. 5 thus.
This kind embodiment of the present invention as shown in the figure even can improve the slower intrinsic problem of detection speed on the low-frequency range.Specifically, by the fractal subclass 16 of the arc signal of being chosen is converted into as shown in Figure 3 high band 18 or the higher frequency range of frequency from low-frequency range 15, the current embodiment that discusses of the present invention can realize and higher frequency band relevant detection speed, wherein compare with the frequency band that is higher than frequency band 15, extraneous signal is less in the low-frequency band 15, simultaneously the intersection between the circuit is coupled lowlyer, and the traveled distance distance of picking up electric arc will be grown relatively.Simultaneously, the preferred embodiments of the present invention as shown in the figure, not only can realize the higher detection speed relevant, can also realize simultaneously relevant with low-frequency band 15 make intersecting between the circuit be coupled lower and the possible stroke distances of growing being arranged along influenced circuit 20 with high band 18.Therefore the electric arc 22 that is occurred in just can detection line 20 on distance electric arc distance quite far away, and for wherein independently being equipped with electric arc pick-up 123 and Electric arc monitoring circuit 19 (corresponding to Fig. 2,4, circuit shown in 5 or 6) and adjacent lines that do not occur electric arc at that time then can not give the alarm.
As mentioned above, the passband of filter circuit 25 can be positioned wherein to compare on the position that extraneous signal will reduce a lot with described frequency range remainder.Above-mentioned passband can be positioned at ELF (extremely low frequency) frequency range, or even also may be lower than vf (audio frequency) frequency range, or be lower than the first harmonic of the standard lines frequency in the ac power supply system, or even its order of magnitude can be with respect to the standard lines frequency of ac power supply system, and/or covered one of the broadband range frequency of electric arc to tens of at least 1/4, so that it can provide full information to be used for from this tens of arc signals that detect reliably.
As an example, as shown in Figure 5, in frequency mixer 142, such as utilizing its low side to be positioned at the subsequent filter of high frequency band 18, the fractal subclass 16 of arc signal can be added on himself, so that the frequency band 15 of this fractal subclass doubles as the different frequency bands 18 (can slightly by brachymemma) of arc signal 17.This wave filter can be similar with the above-mentioned wave filter 44 in the circuit shown in Figure 2, but can have such as slightly narrow bandpass characteristics shown in the curve among Fig. 3 51.
And with regard to device, frequency converter, such as assembly 142, have two converter inputs (as 127 and 227), be used to import the fractal subclass 16 of arc signal in the output 27 that is coupled to electrical filter circuit 25, have converter output 43 simultaneously, be used for exporting arc characteristic signal at frequency band 15 that doubles the fractal subclass of arc characteristic or the frequency band 18 that is higher than it.
In this way, compare, can be improved from the relative intensity of the continuous frequency spectrum of electric arc with the intensity any discrete or the composite signal component after handling through limiter 24 or filter circuit.This also be present embodiment can filtering those can produce the basic reason place of the signal of false alarm.Yet, it is unstable if the carrier wave of being imported has vibration, even then wherein there is not noise, under the fully big situation of its intensity, it also may be identified as electric arc by mistake, although this is because system is greater than susceptibility to modulated carrier for the relative sensitivity of unordered noise, if the latter's intensity is fully big, then it will still can arrive output, and can produce the level output that may by mistake be identified as electric arc thus.
Therefore, the output of converter or multiplier 142 will be fed on the input end of bandpass filter 144, and its response characteristic can be shown in the curve among Fig. 3 51.And wherein utilize for example amplifier type bandpass filter, quartz filter, LC resonator filter, and other has the circuit of this type of function, just can realize response characteristic as 51 shown types of the curve among Fig. 3.
As can be as seen from the figure, 51 pairs of any fundamental frequencies (such as the frequency in the frequency band 15) that passed through by 25 filtering of low-pass filter of family curve show minimum response, and in the given example of the present invention, then only respond its summation or other modulation products and drop on through picking up the fractal subclass 16 of arc characteristic in the passband scope 18 of the arc characteristic signal 17 of frequency inverted.
In principle, all do not have direct current signal on 127 and 227 if import, multiplier or treating apparatus 142 should be by any original incoming frequencies (for example, being lower than the signal of 50Hz).Yet this hypothesis can not set up in actual applications.Therefore, the bandpass filter 144 of using higher frequency filtering original frequency signal undressed or not mixing more effectively.
If selected higher frequency band within the scope of the invention for use, for example 10kHz carries out frequency detecting in frequency band between the 20kHz, then can be in addition the logical centre frequency of band be selected in the low frequency slightly (being 500Hz) of the different components of the output 43 that is used for detecting multiplier 142.Work will allow the different wave filters that adopted in this circuit like this, as the wideer difference in magnitude that has in the response of wave filter 25 and 144.
No matter in above-mentioned any situation, frequency inverted of carrying out in 142 places or intermodulation are handled, and suppress to handle by common mode inhibition or similar signal, all can reduce the energy of the extraneous signal that picks up in the arc characteristic segmentation 16 significantly.
Unordered frequency and value or the difference signal between pickoff signals and the fractal subclass 16 of filtering gained arc signal represented in the output 43 of multiplier 142.
In the scope that reaches of the present invention, assembly 142 can also comprise above-mentioned AM or FM detecting device, or the AM that combines as shown in Figure 4 and FM detecting device 412 and 413.In this type of situation, in order to carry out Electric arc monitoring, will utilize one or more detecting devices to detect amplitude and/or frequency or other modulation voltage in the conversion arc characteristic shown among the figure 17.
Figure 6 shows that another kind of embodiment of the present invention,, can be effectively the energy of extraneous signal be carried out common mode inhibition or other similar signal suppressing is handled wherein by inverting amplifier 242 and in-phase amplifier 342 pairings are used.As an example, the input end 327 of inverting amplifier 242 links to each other with the output 27 of bandpass filter 25, and the input end 427 of in-phase amplifier 342 then also links to each other with the output 27 of the above-mentioned bandpass filter 25 of coming by it arc signal that is picked up is handled.
The output 421 of inverting amplifier 242 links to each other with frequency mixer 442, and the output 422 of in-phase amplifier 342 then also links to each other with this frequency mixer 442.
As an example, frequency mixer 442 can be made of the element of routine, such as input end 421 and 422 and above-mentioned output terminal 43 between two diodes that are linked to be " logical OR " component structure each other.Yet in the scope of this embodiment, assembly 442 can comprise a modulator such as types such as said modulator 142.In this regard and generally speaking, arc characteristic part after 27 places shown in Figure 6 are filtered or the circuit between fragment and the terminal 43 can be corresponding to nonlinear processors shown in Figure 2 42.Can carry out filtering or carry out other processing in the output at 43 places this type of processor 42 or 242,342 or 442 at 244 places.For example, circuit 244 can comprise and Fig. 2 and above-mentioned bandpass filter 44,26 or 144 corresponding bandpass filter shown in Figure 5.In addition, element 244 shown in Figure 6 can comprise the IF amplifier of standard, such as market 440Hz IF amplifier on sale.
And with regard to method, embodiment illustrated in fig. 6 to such as the fractal fragment shown in 16 among Fig. 6, or the high frequency segmentation of the arc characteristic in two paths 327 and 427 of out-phase is handled each other, and in the above-mentioned out-phase segmentation of arc characteristic or part, detect electric arc 22.
With regard to device, among the first signal path 327-421 embodiment illustrated in fig. 6, the input end 327 of the first Phase Processing device (hereafter is " inverting amplifier " 242) links to each other with the output 27 of electrical filter, and in the 427-422 of secondary signal path, the input end 427 of the second Phase Processing device (hereafter is " in-phase amplifier " 342) also links to each other with the output 27 of electrical filter; The above-mentioned first and second Phase Processing device phase places differ 180 ° or be phase place difference each other at least each other.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 6, it is big more that output 421 and 422 phase place differs each other, and then they are just strong more to the inhibition effect of the common mode of external narrowband signal 52 or similar approach.Therefore, at Fig. 2 in embodiment shown in Figure 5, all can before going out electric arc 22,, reduce the energy that fractal subclass 16 or other fracton in arc characteristic above-mentioned or shown in Figure 3 are concentrated the arrowband extraneous signal at 52 places with respect to described fractal subclass remainder from the fracton centralized detecting.
At least in Fig. 3 and embodiment shown in Figure 5, will carry out frequency transformation to fractal subclass 16 earlier as shown in Figure 3, after frequency transformation again at described fracton centralized detecting electric arc.As an example, illustrated with reference to Fig. 5 in as mentioned, fractal subclass 16 can be earlier by cross modulation or also can be added on himself, then again in cross modulation or from the described fracton centralized detecting electric arc of addition gained.Embodiment shown in Figure 4 increased use in parallel, variety classes detects or the variation of demodulation method, has embodiment illustrated in fig. 6ly then increased the variation of using out-phase to handle.
In either case, all the fractal subclass of arc characteristic part can be processed into the modulated carrier with modulation voltage of having represented any electric arc 22, and, can detect described electric arc from carrying out the described modulated carrier of modulation treatment gained in order further to suppress extraneous signal.Also can use above with reference to the disclosed demodulating system of Fig. 2 at embodiment shown in Figure 6, its terminals 47 can be identical with the input end 47 of timing among Fig. 2 and level detection and warning circuit 48-50.
Certainly, broadband signal might not all be an arc characteristic, unless it shows the characteristic of unordered frequency change.Therefore, can be equipped with a treating apparatus that includes comparer 55 in addition as shown in Figure 7, be used to detect and pick up those its broadbands and not only be positioned at institute's interesting areas but also have the unordered essence identical with arc characteristic, its duration reaches interference or the signal by the 58 determined time periods of RC element at least simultaneously.
Figure 7 shows that the circuit diagram of optical indicator according to another embodiment of the present invention, can be used to Fig. 2, in the treating apparatus at different levels of system shown in 4,5 and 6, be used for indication possibility or actual arc discharge.
As an example, utilize 3 the similar functional modules of its prototype shown among Fig. 7 54, just can the advance process of indicator signal in the Electric arc monitoring circuit.
Described circuit 54 comprises that its anti-phase input 56 is 57 that link to each other by low-pass filter and RC timing element 58 and circuit input, be used to prevent amplifier 55 that the short-term momentary signal is responded.The anti-phase input 60 of this amplifier links to each other with 62 with comparator level resistance 61.Amplifier 55 has a feedback circuit 64, wherein can comprise feedback capacity or other impedance 65 and the unidirectional current electric installation shown among Fig. 7 66, to realize such as reducing noise, stopping too early or the purpose of too much switching.As an example, amplifier 55 can adopt the amplifier of LM35BAN type.
When at Fig. 2, having occurred its frequency in the output 43 of the nonlinear processor 42 of 4 and 5 illustrated embodiments or modulator 142 or frequency mixer 442 is positioned at and is monitored the signal that fracton is concentrated, and when appearing in the input end 57 of coupled circuit 54 thus, the output of comparer 55 will become on the occasion of, thereby, simultaneously transistor 71 is ended transistor 72 conductings.To light red LED like this and green LED is extinguished, show to the observer thus, and the signal that its frequency is in the relevant frequency band that is used for arc-detection wherein occur, it may be certain undesired signal, and might not represent to be exactly electric arc 22.Can avoid in switching state, occurring more sharp-pointed transient signal by the gain of regulating circuit 54.By estimating the mixability of red and green LED color, can assisted user " be felt " by the amplitude generation of this signal qualitatively.If at Fig. 2, used circuit shown in Figure 7 in the arbitrary circuit shown in 4,5 and 6, then it can omit without unidirectional current electric installation 66.
In addition, the terminals 57 of display circuit 54 can with Fig. 2, the terminal 45 in 5 or 6 links to each other, and perhaps also can will link on the terminal 45 with identical circuit shown in Figure 7, and link to each other with the output of bandpass filter or IF amplifier 44,144 or 244 thus.
Therefore, above-mentioned display processing unit 54 can by its red LED indicate wherein occurred its frequency be in such as monitored that fracton concentrates be concerned about broadband signal in the bandwidth; It is well-known arc characteristic judgment criterion.And the gain by regulating circuit 54 can make the user obtain " the qualitative sensation " of the broadband signal of picking up at that time by the mixability of estimating red and green LED color.
Yet broadband signal might not be exactly an arc characteristic, unless it shows the characteristic of unordered frequency change.Therefore, at Fig. 2, in the observation circuit shown in 4,5 and 6, can be with circuit shown in Figure 7 as final display end treating apparatus.For example, the input end 57 of circuit 54 can link to each other with output terminal 49 shown in Figure 2.In fact, can with among Fig. 7 from terminals 57 to amplifier 55 shown in circuit as above-mentioned timing circuit 58 and comparer 55 shown in Figure 2.
Therefore, can utilize circuit 54 to detect and show and disturb or the picking up of signal, disturb or signal in not only have in institute and be concerned about broadband signal in regional, but also have the unordered essence identical and its duration also reached at least by the 58 determined time periods of RC element with arc characteristic.
Because institute having occurred being in is concerned about on the broadband frequency range of scope and its frequency of while is made the interference or the signal of unordered variation, so the comparer 55 in the circuit 48 and the output of terminals 49 will become on the occasion of, to make transistor 72 conductings thus, transistor 71 is ended.And light red LED 69 thus, extinguish green LED 68 simultaneously, thereby can show to the observer and occurred electric arc 22 in the circuit 20.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 7 thus in advance alerts people electric arc might appear; And most important function is, preferably in two-stage or tertiary treatment device, show wherein in being monitored the bandwidth of fractal subclass or at reference Fig. 2,4,5,6 and 7 illustrated be concerned about unordered broadband signal has appearred in the bandwidth.
In comprising the multiple Electric arc monitoring functional part of said system, all can adopt principle disclosed in this specification.And when using it for aforesaid internal combustion engine or ignition, development, the exploitation in electric welding or the electric lighting field and when safeguarding comprising or do not comprising Fig. 4, under the situation of 5 and 6 shown type circuit, can adopt until the circuit at terminal 47 places.In described situation, can use the signal display level treating apparatus of type shown in Figure 7, or more advanced signal shows and the evaluation stage treating apparatus.
Above-mentioned detailed description can make those skilled in the art that the present invention is had clearer understanding, simultaneously it is recognized, within the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various ways ground to the present invention and improve and variation.
Claims (65)
1. method that is used for monitoring monitored circuit electric arc, arc characteristic is typically the broadband range frequency with unordered essence, and its improvements comprise:
Select to be characterized as in the described arc characteristic and have relatively long stroke and the relatively low fractal subclass of the cross-inductive between the adjacent circuit along described monitored circuit; And
Come described electric arc is monitored according to the described fractal subclass of described arc characteristic.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein:
Described fractal subclass is that from described broadband range frequency one selects tens of.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein:
One of the described fractal described broadband range frequency that covers electric arc at least to tens of 1/4.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein:
Described fractal subclass is to select from the frequency band that is lower than 30kHz.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein:
The frequency range of choice of described fractal subclass is limited in ELF (extremely low frequency) frequency band.
6. the method for claim 1, wherein:
The frequency range of choice of described fractal subclass is restricted to the frequency band that is lower than vf (audio frequency).
7. the method for claim 1, wherein:
Select below the first harmonic that described fractal subclass is a standard lines frequency from be lower than ac power supply system.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein:
Described fractal subclass is to select from its order of magnitude is equivalent to the frequency band of standard lines frequency of ac power supply system.
9. as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 described methods, wherein:
Before the described electric arc of described fracton centralized detecting, will reduce the energy of the arrowband extraneous signal that the fracton of described arc characteristic concentrates with respect to described fractal subclass other parts.
10. as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 described methods, wherein:
To carry out frequency transformation to described fractal subclass; And
After described frequency transformation, detect described electric arc according to described fractal subclass.
11. method as claimed in claim 10, wherein:
Described fractal subclass is carried out handling from addition; And
Detect described electric arc according to the fractal subclass of handling gained from addition.
12. as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 described methods, wherein:
To handle described fractal subclass respectively along two paths of out-phase each other; And
According to detecting described electric arc by the fractal subclass of handling gained along described two paths of out-phase each other.
13. as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 described methods, wherein:
Described fractal subclass is processed into the modulated carrier with modulation voltage, and this modulation voltage is represented described electric arc; And
Monitor described electric arc by the modulation voltage of monitoring described modulated carrier.
14. method as claimed in claim 13, wherein
Described fractal subclass is processed into modulated subcarrier technique; And
Monitor described electric arc by the modulation voltage of monitoring described modulated subcarrier technique.
15. method as claimed in claim 14, wherein
By recovering the modulation voltage of described modulated subcarrier technique, and monitor described electric arc by detecting the amplitude of being recovered in the modulation voltage subsequently.
16. method as claimed in claim 13, wherein
Described fractal subclass is processed into carrier being frequency modulated; And
Monitor described electric arc by the modulation voltage of monitoring described carrier being frequency modulated.
17. method as claimed in claim 13, wherein
Described fractal subclass is processed into the carrier wave of modulating according to first mode and the second different with it modes simultaneously; And
Monitor described electric arc by first and second modulation voltages of monitoring the described carrier wave of modulating with described first mode and described second mode.
18. as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 described methods, comprising:
Provide about the early warning of electric arc occurring.
19. method as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
Described early warning is provided by multiple-stage treatment.
20. as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 described methods, comprising:
Display frequency is in the appearance of the signal in the described fractal subclass bandwidth.
21. as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 described methods, comprising:
Show the appearance that is in the broadband signal in the described fractal subclass bandwidth.
22. as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 described methods, comprising:
Show the appearance that is in the unordered broadband signal in the described fractal subclass bandwidth.
23. a method that is used for monitoring monitored circuit electric arc, this arc characteristic are the broadband range frequency with unordered essence, its improvements comprise:
Edge two paths of out-phase is each other come the each several part of described arc characteristic is handled; And
Described out-phase according to described arc characteristic is partly monitored described electric arc.
24. a method that is used for monitoring monitored circuit electric arc, this arc characteristic is for to have unordered characteristics on the broadband range frequency, and its improvements comprise:
Described arc characteristic is processed into the modulated carrier with modulation voltage, and this modulation voltage has been represented described electric arc; And
Monitor described electric arc by the modulation voltage of monitoring described modulated carrier.
25. method as claimed in claim 24, wherein:
Described arc characteristic is processed into modulated subcarrier technique; And
Monitor described electric arc by the modulation voltage of monitoring described modulated subcarrier technique.
26. method as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
By recovering the modulation voltage on the described modulated subcarrier technique, monitor described electric arc by from the modulation voltage of being recovered, detecting amplitude more subsequently.
27. method as claimed in claim 24, wherein:
Described arc characteristic is processed into carrier being frequency modulated; And
Monitor described electric arc by the modulation voltage of monitoring described carrier being frequency modulated.
28. method as claimed in claim 24, wherein:
Described arc characteristic is treated to the carrier wave of modulating according to first mode and the second different with it modes simultaneously; And
Monitor described electric arc by first and second modulation voltages of monitoring the described carrier wave of modulating with described first mode and described second mode.
29. one kind is used for the electric arc of monitored circuit is carried out device for monitoring, wherein arc characteristic is typically the broadband range frequency with unordered essence, and its main improvement aspect comprises:
Electrical filter, its input is coupled on the described electric arc, and be characterized as in its passband and the described arc characteristic along described monitored circuit have relative longer stroke, the relatively low fractal subclass of the cross-inductive between the adjacent circuit is corresponding simultaneously, has the output of the described fractal subclass that is used to export arc characteristic simultaneously; And
Unordered Broadband Detection device, it has the detecting device input end of the described fractal subclass that is used to import the described arc characteristic that is coupled mutually with the described output of this electrical filter.
30. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
Described passband is positioned at of described broadband range frequency to tens of.
31. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
Described passband is lower than 30kHz.
32. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
Described passband be with described broadband range frequency in remainder compare the frequency range that extraneous signal wherein will reduce a lot.
33. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
Described passband is positioned at ELF (extremely low frequency) frequency range.
34. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
Described passband is lower than vf (audio frequency) frequency range.
35. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
Described passband is lower than the first harmonic of the standard lines frequency in the ac power supply system.
36. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
The order of magnitude of the standard lines frequency in described passband and the ac power supply system is suitable.
37. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
Described passband has covered one of described broadband range frequency of electric arc to tens of at least 1/4.
38. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
The frequency range that described passband covers the described broadband range frequency of electric arc is no more than one to tens of.
39. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that comprising:
Inverting amplifier, its input links to each other with the described output of described electrical filter, and its amplifier out links to each other with described detecting device input end; With
In-phase amplifier, its input links to each other with the described output of described electrical filter, and its amplifier out links to each other with described detecting device input end; With
40. device as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
Described unordered Broadband Detection device comprises the modulated carrier detecting device in the described output that is coupled to described electrical filter.
41. device as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that:
Described modulated carrier detecting device is an AM detecting device.
42. device as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that:
Described modulated carrier detecting device is a FM detecting device.
43. device as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that:
Described unordered broadband detector comprises a plurality of modulated carrier detecting devices of combining.
44., it is characterized in that comprising as claim 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 or 43 described devices:
Energy converter, the input of this converter is used for described fractal subclass and is used to import arrowband extraneous signal in the described arc characteristic segmentation in the output that is coupled to described electrical filter, this converter output is used for described arc characteristic segmentation and arrowband extraneous signal, and link to each other with described unordered signal detector, the energy of this arrowband extraneous signal reduces many with respect to fractal subclass.
45., it is characterized in that comprising as claim 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 or 43 described devices:
Frequency converter, its input are used to be coupled to the described fractal subclass in the described output of electrical filter circuit, and its output is used for the described fractal subclass at the frequency band different with described passband, and links to each other with described unordered Broadband Detection device.
46., it is characterized in that comprising as claim 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 or 43 described devices:
Frequency converter, the input of two converter is used to be coupled to the described fractal subclass in the described output of electrical filter, its output is used for described fractal subclass frequency band is doubled as the described fractal subclass in the frequency band of the frequency band gained different with described arc signal, and links to each other with described unordered Broadband Detection device.
47., it is characterized in that comprising as claim 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 or 43 described devices:
Modulator, its input are used to be coupled to the described fractal subclass in the described output of electrical filter, and its output is used for modulated carrier, and links to each other with described unordered Broadband Detection device, and this modulated carrier has the modulation voltage of having represented electric arc;
Described unordered Broadband Detection device contains a modulation voltage detecting device.
48., it is characterized in that comprising as claim 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 or 43 described devices:
Modulator, its input are used to be coupled to the described fractal subclass in the output of described electrical filter, and its output is used for modulated subcarrier technique, and links to each other with described unordered Broadband Detection device, and this modulated subcarrier technique has the modulation voltage of having represented electric arc;
Described unordered Broadband Detection device contains an amplitude modulation detecting device.
49. device as claimed in claim 48 is characterized in that:
Described amplitude modulation detecting device comprises a second level treating apparatus that is used to recover the first order treating apparatus of the modulation voltage on the described modulated subcarrier technique and is used for detecting from the modulation voltage of being recovered the amplitude of having represented described arc characteristic.
50., it is characterized in that comprising as claim 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 or 43 described devices:
Be coupled to the electric arc PWI (proximity warning indicator) on the described electrical filter.
51., it is characterized in that comprising as claim 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 or 43 described devices:
Be coupled to the electric arc PWI (proximity warning indicator) on the described unordered Broadband Detection device.
52., it is characterized in that comprising as claim 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 or 43 described devices:
Be coupled to the broadband signal indicator on the described unordered Broadband Detection device.
53. device as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that:
Described indicator is the unordered broadband signal indicator that is coupled on the described unordered Broadband Detection device.
54. one kind is used at monitored circuit is that the electric arc with broadband range frequency of unordered essence carries out device for monitoring to arc characteristic, it is characterized in that improvements comprise:
Electrical filter, its input is coupled on the described electric arc, and its passband is corresponding with described arc characteristic part, and its output is used for the described characteristic of arc characteristic;
Inverting amplifier, it has the input end that links to each other with the described output of described electrical filter, and has an amplifier out;
In-phase amplifier, it has the input end that links to each other with the described output of described electrical filter, and has an amplifier out;
Unordered Broadband Detection device, its detecting device input end is coupled mutually with described anti-phase and described amplifier out in-phase amplifier.
55. one kind is used at monitored circuit is that the electric arc with broadband range frequency of unordered essence carries out device for monitoring to arc characteristic, it is characterized in that improvements comprise:
The modulated carrier detecting device, it has an arc characteristic input and a carrier modulation amount output.
56. device as claimed in claim 55 is characterized in that:
Described modulated carrier detecting device is a kind of AM detecting device.
57. device as claimed in claim 55 is characterized in that:
Described modulated carrier detecting device is a kind of FM detecting device.
58. one kind is used at monitored circuit is that the electric arc with broadband range frequency of unordered essence carries out device for monitoring to arc characteristic, it is characterized in that improvements comprise:
Combined type modulated carrier detecting device with a plurality of arc characteristic inputs and a combined carriers modulation voltage output.
59. device as claimed in claim 58 is characterized in that:
What adopted in the described combined type modulated carrier detecting device is the modulated carrier detecting device of same type.
60. device as claimed in claim 59 is characterized in that:
The modulated carrier detecting device of described same type is connected on together.
61. device as claimed in claim 59 is characterized in that:
The modulated carrier detecting device of described same type is connected in parallel on together.
62. device as claimed in claim 58 is characterized in that:
Described combined type modulated carrier detecting device includes the modulated carrier detecting device of number of different types.
63. device as claimed in claim 62 is characterized in that:
Described different type of modulation carrier detector comprises AM detecting device and FM detecting device.
64., it is characterized in that as the described device of claim 63:
Described AM detecting device and FM detecting device are connected in parallel on together.
65., it is characterized in that comprising as the described device of claim 64:
" logical and " element, its input links to each other with described FM detecting device with described AM detecting device, and its output then is used as described combined type carrier wave modulation output.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB971823421A CN1179213C (en) | 1997-08-14 | 1997-08-14 | Electric arc monitoring systems |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB971823421A CN1179213C (en) | 1997-08-14 | 1997-08-14 | Electric arc monitoring systems |
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| CN1276061A true CN1276061A (en) | 2000-12-06 |
| CN1179213C CN1179213C (en) | 2004-12-08 |
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| CNB971823421A Expired - Fee Related CN1179213C (en) | 1997-08-14 | 1997-08-14 | Electric arc monitoring systems |
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| CN103166888A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-06-19 | 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔测量及调节技术分析仪表两合公司 | Electronic circuit and method for recovering desired signals from carrier signals by demodulation as well as a modem |
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| CN107300662A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-10-27 | 北京腾控科技有限公司 | Electric arc alarm without externally fed |
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| CN108370148A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-08-03 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Electric arc identification equipment, corresponding method and electronic unit |
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| CN107300662A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-10-27 | 北京腾控科技有限公司 | Electric arc alarm without externally fed |
| CN109142832A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2019-01-04 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司计量中心 | Realize the intelligent electric energy meter and its implementation of fault electric arc detecting function |
| CN109298329A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-01 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | A kind of circuit-breaker switching on-off test method |
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