CN1275472C - Blind correction method and device for self-adaptive array antenna - Google Patents
Blind correction method and device for self-adaptive array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a blind calibration method for a self-adaptive array antenna, which comprises the steps: whether the calibration is required or not is repeatedly judged; if the calibration is needed, the next step is executed; an upstream channel or a downstream channel is respectively selected; the data of the upstream channel or the downstream channel is collected and stored; a calibration weight value sequence estimation calculation method is applied; an upstream calibration weight value sequence or a downstream calibration weight value sequence is calculated; the average value of the weight value sequence is obtained and stored; the calibration weight values are output, and the weight values obtained by calculation are supplied to an array channel signal to perform calibration calculation; whether the calibration procedure needs to be stopped or not is judged, if needed, the algorithm procedure is finished, otherwise, the step 1 is executed again. The present invention can perform the on-line calibration of amplitude errors and phase errors of the adaptive array antenna. The calibration device is simple, a reference signal source generation device is not needed, the algorithm is simple, and the influence on the system capacity and the communication quality is small. Meanwhile, the present invention reduces the bad influence on the convergence and the calibration accuracy of the calibration algorithm from the channel noise and the channel time delay.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus that is used to proofread and correct adaptive array antenna amplitude error and phase error, especially a kind ofly can onlinely carry out the positive method and apparatus of array antenna amplitude error and phase error school for the blind, belong to field of wireless communication.
Background technology
Adaptive array antenna device occupies very consequence in the 3G mobile communication system.Because the advanced person's that the adaptive array antenna technology is used signal processing method, such as using the adaptive spatial filtering algorithm, can make the main lobe of antenna pattern point to desired signal, and form zero point in the direction of interference source, can reach the purpose that improves signal interference ratio (SIR), reduce the cochannel interference and can improve power system capacity, can enlarge the area of coverage of base station.
In the actual array antenna system, many uncertain factors, as factor such as the frequency response of the difference of the mutual coupling effect between array element, element position difference, antenna pattern and array channel is inconsistent, cause real array flow pattern and desirable array flow pattern differences bigger, the performance of many beamforming algorithms and array flow pattern have substantial connection, therefore the error of array flow pattern will cause wave beam to form the decline of (BF) algorithm performance, will influence the position at zero point and fall into zero the degree of depth.Therefore the error correction problem of array antenna is to need one of key technology that solves during smart antenna is realized.
The actual array error is more complicated all generally, and the error that has can be described with few parameters, as the passage amplitude phase error, and sensor position uncertainties etc., some error then is difficult to be described with Several Parameters, as directional diagram error etc.Error for can parametric description can obtain effect preferably with error calibration method, and is difficult to the error that is described with parameter, generally needs to improve algorithm and solves to the robustness of error or by the array manifold of measuring all directions.
The array error bearing calibration can be divided into active correction method and blind correction method.
Active correction method a kind of effective method of under the situation that physical condition allows, can yet be regarded as, it is the correction signal source that utilizes several known directions, launch correction signal one by one, measure the received signal of each array element simultaneously, solve the amplitude and the phase error of element position and array channel with these data.Active correction is to carry out error correction under the known situation of signal source number and these prior informations of direction, because derived reference signal adds, therefore can improve the power of signal, reduces The noise.But, this bearing calibration is not exclusively suitable to communication environment, because this method is difficult to realize on-line correction, even realized on-line correction, the signal of Zhu Ruing is equivalent to a very strong interference to subscriber signal so, communication quality and power system capacity have been reduced, multi-path transmission is the basic characteristics under the communication environment in addition, and the response that records in such channel circumstance is the multipath of object reflection on every side mostly, also may comprise the direct projection path, so, the width of cloth phase disturbance of additional the unknown has been introduced in the multipath stack, can be used in communication environment in order to make this bearing calibration, just must consider the influence of multipath, algorithm is with regard to more complicated like this, and operand is also very big.Active array correcting method under multi-path environment can access the array manifold of all directions, just can proofread and correct parameter sum of errors nonparametric error.But there is following shortcoming in this method: needs are accurately placed correction signal source, far field; Surrounding environment is very big to this method affect, when surrounding environment change, just needs to proofread and correct again; Become when the mobile communication surrounding environment is, but this method is difficult to realize real-time correction; This method needs rotation array, and this also is to be difficult to realize under mobile communication environment.
In a single day communication system puts into effect, generally all in constantly working without cessation.In fact; mutual coupling between the array element, array position error, the inconsistent equal error of array element directional diagram; can be in advance by measuring; so just can carry out precompensation to each array element passage; and when variation that temperature environment etc. takes place; these error change are very little also very slow; therefore these errors can be carried out precorrection in the array development; but the inconsistency between each array channel; be that passage amplitude and phase error become when being; and change with the variation of temperature and environment, this just needs corrective system to work online.
Be a kind of active correction method that can realize on-line correction below, it is to realize like this, do a reference signal source generating device, the reference signal that produces is injected from radio-frequency front-end, so just need not have been considered multipath effect, also can carry out on-line correction, but the reference signal of injecting is to communication quality, the influence of power system capacity still exists, and the solution that a kind of prior art provides is exactly as the reference signal with signal after the spread spectrum.The active correction method that also has a kind of power splitter error.
But each online active correction method of reference signal of utilizing of the prior art has 3 deficiencies: the firstth, the hardware unit of special generation reference signal be arranged, and increased the complexity of system; The secondth, the reference signal of injecting is equivalent to a subscriber signal, other users of system is equivalent to an interference, thereby has influenced systematic function to a certain extent, has also taken scrambler and spread spectrum code resources; The 3rd is that the non-ideal characteristic of power splitter must be proofreaied and correct.
Blind correction method generally can overcome the some shortcomings of active correction, because blind correction method does not need accurately known signal source of direction, it is to utilize measured signal source itself and other some prior informations just can carry out error correction.
Present blind correction method is achieved in that synthesizing at radio-frequency head of signal that each array-element antenna is received in up link, receive by up reference channel again, the reference signal that the signal after receiving is proofreaied and correct as up link, the signal of its array channel is exactly the signal after each up each passage receives; The synthetic reference signal of as down link proofreading and correct of array-element antenna at the signal of downlink transmission, the signal of its array channel is that the signal of downlink is synthesized at radio-frequency head, signal after receiving by the descending reference passage has not again so just needed other reference signal.The algorithm that the calculation correction weights are used is NLMS (Normalized Least Mean Square) algorithm, and this algorithm is a kind of adaptive algorithm.The characteristics of this blind correction method are summarised as three:
The firstth, do not need the reference signal of adding.This has just been avoided the use power splitter, need not proofread and correct the imperfection of power splitter, and reference signal can not produce interference to the user.Corrective system has also relatively been oversimplified;
The secondth, algorithm all is suitable for uplink downlink;
The 3rd is that the fast convergence of algorithm makes algorithm can follow the tracks of the variation of amplitude phase error.
The shortcoming of this blind correction method is, at first when array channel and reference channel had relative time to postpone, even very little time delay, this method did not restrain, and the correction weights that calculate can't be finished the correction of array channel.Secondly when array channel and reference channel had additive noise, correction accuracy descended, and algorithm is dispersed in the time of seriously.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is blind correction method and the device that proposes a kind of adaptive array antenna, can proofread and correct adaptive array antenna amplitude error and phase error, and can carry out on-line correction, means for correcting is simple, do not need the reference source generation device, algorithm is simple, and is very little to power system capacity and communication quality influence.
Two of purpose of the present invention is blind correction method and the devices that propose a kind of adaptive array antenna, can reduce channel noise and channel time delay to the convergence of correcting algorithm and the harmful effect of correction accuracy.
For this reason, the present invention proposes following technical scheme and realizes above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of blind correction method of adaptive array antenna is characterized in which comprises at least following steps:
Step 1: need to judge whether to proofread and correct; Proofread and correct if desired, then carry out next step; Otherwise repeat this step;
Step 2: select the upstream or downstream passage respectively;
Step 3: gather the upstream or downstream channel data and preserve these data;
Step 4: call and proofread and correct weights sequencal estimation algorithm, calculate up correction weights sequence or descending correction weights sequence;
Step 5: ask the mean value of above-mentioned weights sequence, and preserve this value;
Step 6: proofread and correct weights output, the weights that calculate are provided be given to the array channel signal and carry out correction calculation;
Step 7: judge whether to stop correction program, be, then finish this algorithm routine; , then do not go execution in step 1 from commentaries on classics.
Further, may further comprise the steps at least before the described step 4: allocating time postpones algorithm for estimating, estimates that the relative time between upstream or downstream reference channel and the array channel postpones; The channel data of gathering is carried out time delay equalization.
In addition, when preserving the correction weights calculate, if up correction and descending correction the two one of do not do, perhaps all do not do, the correction weights of the array channel of not doing so keep original weights constant.
Above-mentioned correction weights are the mean value of asking the weights sequence.
A kind of school for the blind's equipment of adaptive array antenna, it is characterized in that: it is arranged in the communication link, comprises carrier, means for correcting and the second channel selector switch of the coupler of array channel front end, the first passage selector switch that connects input, reference signal receive path, algorithm routine and preservation data at least; The carrier of algorithm routine and preservation data comprises memory module and weight calculation unit;
Wherein, the reference signal receive path is by the coupler receiving array channel data of channel selector switch and array channel front end, the data that collect are put into algorithm routine and preserve in the carrier of data and preserve, gather base band data by the second channel selector switch that connects means for correcting simultaneously, also be kept in the carrier of algorithm routine and preservation data, when data acquisition finishes, calculation correction weights in the carrier of algorithm routine and preservation data, then the correction weights that calculate are sent in the means for correcting, utilize the correction weights that up array channel signal is proofreaied and correct.
The input of the carrier of algorithm routine and preservation data is connected to the time delay estimation block, the input that this time delay estimation block connects reference signal receive path and second channel selector switch respectively is connected to the time delay estimation block, is used for reference channel signal and array channel signal are carried out time delay equalization.Have, it also comprises weights serial mean computing module again.Be used for offering means for correcting again with after the calculating of the weights sequence value of averaging.
Above-mentioned device is separately positioned on the uplink and downlink link, and just the uplink and downlink link all is suitable for.
In sum, beneficial effect of the present invention can be summarized as 3 points:
At first, blind correction method of the present invention can carry out on-line correction, and means for correcting is fairly simple, because be exactly general receive path with reference to receive path, and does not need the derived reference signal generating means.
Secondly, blind correction method of the present invention can reduce the harmful effect of channel noise to correction accuracy and algorithm stability, the additive noise of passage is very little to the computational accuracy and the convergence influence of this method, because the present invention has used the second-order statistics and the higher order statistical characteristic of signal, we know that second-order statistic or its Higher Order Cumulants of additive noise are zero to zero-mean stably, the Higher Order Cumulants of additive Gaussian noise is zero, we can select different algorithms at the noise type of passage like this, reach the noise reduction purpose.
Once more, blind correction method of the present invention can reduce relative time delay between array channel to the harmful effect of correction accuracy and algorithm stability, interchannel relative time delay is very little to the computational accuracy and the convergence influence of this method, because in the present invention, before calculation correction weights sequence, the time delay of sampled point integral multiple has been given compensation.Proofread and correct weights in addition and average and obtain by proofreading and correct the weights sequence, time delay is very little to the average statistics properties influence of proofreading and correct weights, when especially Cai Yang data volume is very big.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 for up link school for the blind's equipment structural representation of the present invention and signal flow to schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 for down link school for the blind's equipment structural representation of the present invention and signal flow to schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 proofreaies and correct the master control program flow diagram for the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the up treatment for correcting program flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the descending treatment for correcting program flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing specific implementation method of the present invention is further described.
Method program flow process of the present invention such as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5; Wherein, NUM_ULCH is a channel number, TOTAL_ULCH data feedback channel sum; NUM_DLCH is a channel number, TOTAL_DLCH down going channel sum.The blind correction method of the adaptive array antenna that the present invention proposes be to realize, may further comprise the steps:
Step 301,302,303: need to judge whether to proofread and correct; Proofread and correct if desired and carry out next step;
Step 401,501 up-downgoing channel selecting;
Step 402,502: the collection of up-downgoing channel data is also preserved these data;
Step 403,503: allocating time postpones algorithm for estimating, promptly with any one algorithm in three kinds of methods that propose among the present invention all can, estimate the relative time delay between reference channel and the array channel.
Step 404,504: the channel data of gathering is carried out time delay equalization.
Step 405,505: call and proofread and correct weights sequencal estimation algorithm, promptly with any one algorithm in three kinds of methods that propose among the present invention all can, calculate up correction weights sequence;
Step 406,506: ask the mean value of above-mentioned weights sequence, and preserve this value.
Step 304: preserve the correction weights calculate, if up correction and descending correction the two one of do not do, perhaps all do not do, the correction weights of the array channel of not doing so keep original weights constant.
Step 305: proofread and correct weights output, the weights that calculate are outputed to array channel signal correction device get on, use for this device.
Step 306: judge whether to stop correction program, if desired, then finish this algorithm routine, otherwise go execution in step 1 from commentaries on classics.
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, y (n) is the signals sampling sequence by array channel, and r (n) is the signals sampling sequence by reference channel, and what necessarily require two channel selector switch gatings during sampling is same array channel.Y ' (n) and r ' be array channel signal sample sequence and reference channel signal sample sequence after the compensating time delay (n).Divide three parts that the several algorithms in the frame of broken lines among the frame of broken lines among Fig. 1 104 and Fig. 2 204 is described in detail below, identical in the algorithm in the frame of broken lines 104 and the frame of broken lines 204.First's time delay algorithm for estimating
Adopted three kinds of time delay algorithm for estimating in the present invention, these three kinds of time delay algorithms are suitable for for the same of last/descending correction, can come selection algorithm according to different noise types.
First kind of time delay algorithm for estimating is based on the time delay estimation of cross-correlation function: the cross-correlation function that calculates y (n) and r (n), cross-correlation function will be obtained maximum at the time delay D place, detect by maximum so and can obtain relative time delay between y (n) and the r (n);
Second kind of time delay algorithm for estimating is based on the time delay estimation of Higher Order Cumulants: calculate three rank cumulant C
3y(τ, ρ) and C
Ryy(τ ρ), judges C
3y(τ, ρ) C is judged in the position of maximum appearance
Ryy(difference of these two positions is exactly relative time delay D between y (n) and the r (n) for τ, the ρ) position of maximum appearance;
The third time delay algorithm for estimating is based on the time delay of higher-order spectrum and estimates: calculate two spectrum B
3y(ω
1, ω
2) and two mutually spectrum B
Yry(ω
1, ω
2), the pass between two spectrums and the two mutually spectrum is
Calculate such integral expression,
＝δ(τ-D)
Judge that the position that T (τ) maximum occurs just can obtain relative time delay between y (n) and the r (n).Second portion is proofreaied and correct the algorithm for estimating of weights sequence
Adopted three kinds of weights sequencal estimation algorithms in the present invention, the scheme of corresponding diagram 1 and Fig. 2, these three kinds of weights sequencal estimation algorithms can use identical expression formula for last/descending correction.
First kind of weights sequencal estimation algorithm is direct ratio method:
W(n)＝r(n)/y(n) n＝1，2，3…
Second kind of weights sequencal estimation algorithm is the correlation function ratio method:
W(τ)＝C
ry(τ)/C
yy(τ) τ＝1，2，3…
The third weights sequencal estimation algorithm is the Higher Order Cumulants ratio method:
W(τ，ρ)＝C
ryy(τ，ρ)/C
3y(τ，ρ)τ＝1，2，3… ρ＝1，2，3…
Third part is proofreaied and correct the algorithm for estimating of weights
Calculate the mean value of above-mentioned correction weights sequence, the weights that this mean value can directly use as channel correcting.
Implement device of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, 2.
The up means for correcting that the present invention needs is made up of 5 parts, and as the frame of broken lines among Fig. 1 101,102,103,104,105 have represented following these five parts respectively, and what frame of broken lines 101 was represented is the coupler of array channel front end; What frame of broken lines 102 was represented is channel selector switch; What frame of broken lines 103 was represented is the uplink reference signals receive path; What frame of broken lines 104 was represented is the algorithm routine of this invention of operation and the carrier of preservation data; What frame of broken lines 105 was represented is to use to proofread and correct the device that weights are proofreaied and correct up array channel signal.
The descending means for correcting that the present invention needs is made up of 5 parts, and as the frame of broken lines among Fig. 2 201,202,203,204,205 have represented following these five parts respectively, and what frame of broken lines 201 was represented is the coupler of array channel front end; What frame of broken lines 202 was represented is channel selector switch; What frame of broken lines 203 was represented is the downlink reference signal receive path; What frame of broken lines 204 was represented is the algorithm routine of this invention of operation and the carrier of preservation data; What frame of broken lines 205 was represented is to use to proofread and correct the device that weights are proofreaied and correct the uplink array channel signal.
The relation of 5 parts of up means for correcting is such, uplink reference signals receive path (103) receives up array channel data by the coupler 101 of channel selector switch 102 and array channel front end, the data that collect are put in 104 and preserve, 104 by channel selector switch 102 collection base band datas simultaneously, also be kept in 104, when data acquisition finishes, operation algorithm of the present invention in 104, the calculation correction weights, then the correction weights that calculate are sent to up means for correcting 105, up array channel signal is proofreaied and correct.
The relation of 5 parts of descending means for correcting is such, downlink reference signal receive path (203) receives the uplink array channel data by the coupler (201) of channel selector switch (202) and array channel front end, the data that collect are put in (204) and preserve, (204) gather base band data by channel selector switch (202) simultaneously, also be kept in (204), when data acquisition finishes, operation algorithm of the present invention in (204), the calculation correction weights, then the correction weights that calculate are sent to descending means for correcting (205), the uplink array channel signal is proofreaied and correct.
Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to explanation the present invention, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to above preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment, be out of shape the present invention or be equal to replacement, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1, a kind of blind correction method of adaptive array antenna is characterized in which comprises at least following steps:
Step 1: need to judge whether to proofread and correct; Be then to proofread and correct, carry out next step; Otherwise repeat this step;
Step 2: select the upstream or downstream passage respectively;
Step 3: gather the upstream or downstream channel data and preserve these data;
Step 4: allocating time postpones algorithm for estimating, estimates that the relative time between upstream or downstream reference channel and the array channel postpones;
Step 5: the channel data of gathering is carried out time delay equalization;
Step 6: call weights sequencal estimation algorithm, calculate up correction weights sequence or descending correction weights sequence;
Step 7: weights output provides the weights that calculate to be given to the array channel calibration device each channel signal is carried out correction calculation;
Step 8: judge whether to stop correction program, be, then finish this algorithm routine; , then do not go execution in step 1 from commentaries on classics;
Wherein, comprise at least before the described step 7:
Step 6a: ask the mean value of above-mentioned weights sequence, and preserve this value;
Step 6b: preserve the correction weights calculate, if up correction and descending correction the two one of do not do, perhaps all do not do, the correction weights of the array channel of then not doing keep original weights constant.
2, the blind correction method of adaptive array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described correction weights sequencal estimation algorithm is that weights sequencal estimation algorithm is direct ratio method:
W (n)=r (n)/y (n) n=1,2,3 Λ, wherein y (n) is the signals sampling sequence by array channel, r (n) is the signals sampling sequence by reference channel.
3, the blind correction method of adaptive array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described correction weights sequencal estimation algorithm is the correlation function ratio method:
W (τ)=C
Ry(τ)/C
Yy(τ) τ=1,2,3 Λ, wherein C
Ry(τ) be the cross-correlation sequence of r (n) and y (n), C
Yy(τ) be the autocorrelation sequence of y (n).
4, the blind correction method of adaptive array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described correction weights sequencal estimation algorithm is the Higher Order Cumulants ratio method:
W(τ，ρ)＝C
ryy(τ，ρ)/C
3y(τ，ρ)τ＝1，2，3Λ ρ＝1，2，3Λ
5, the blind correction method of adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described time delay algorithm for estimating is: the time delay based on cross-correlation function is estimated, calculate the cross-correlation function of y (n) and r (n), the maximum of cross-correlation function Ryr (n) will postpone the D place and obtain maximum at the relative time of y (n) and r (n), detect by the maximum to Ryr (n) so and can obtain relative time delay D between y (n) and the r (n).
6, the blind correction method of adaptive array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described time delay algorithm for estimating is: the time delay based on Higher Order Cumulants is estimated: calculate three rank cumulant C
3y(τ, ρ) and C
Ryy(τ, ρ), C
3y(τ ρ) is the three rank cumulants of y (n), C
3y(τ ρ) is the three rank cumulants of y (n) and r (n), judges C
3y(τ, ρ) C is judged in the position of maximum appearance
Ryy(difference of these two positions is exactly relative time delay D between y (n) and the r (n) for τ, the ρ) position of maximum appearance.
7, the blind correction method of adaptive array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described time delay algorithm for estimating is: the time delay based on higher-order spectrum is estimated: calculate two spectrum B
3y(ω
1, ω
2) and two mutually spectrum B
Yry(ω
1, ω
2), B
3y(ω
1, ω
2) be two spectrums and the B of y (n)
Yry(ω
1, ω
2) be two mutually spectrums of r (n) and y (n), the pass between two spectrums and the two mutually spectrum is
Calculate such integral expression,
Judge that the position that T (τ) maximum occurs just can obtain relative time delay between y (n) and the r (n).
8, the blind correction method of adaptive array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described correction weights are the mean value of asking the weights sequence.
9, a kind of school for the blind's equipment of adaptive array antenna, it is characterized in that: it is arranged in the communication link, comprises carrier, means for correcting and the second channel selector switch of the coupler of array channel front end, the first passage selector switch that connects input, reference signal receive path, algorithm routine and preservation data at least; The carrier of algorithm routine and preservation data comprises: memory module and weight calculation unit;
Wherein, the reference signal receive path is by the coupler receiving array channel data of channel selector switch and array channel front end, the data that collect are put into algorithm routine and preserve in the carrier of data and preserve, gather base band data by the second channel selector switch that connects means for correcting simultaneously, also be kept in the carrier of algorithm routine and preservation data; When data acquisition finishes, at algorithm routine with preserve calculation correction weights in the carrier of data, then the correction weights that calculate are sent in the means for correcting, utilize and proofread and correct weights up array channel signal is proofreaied and correct.
10, school for the blind's equipment of adaptive array antenna according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: the input of the carrier of described algorithm routine and preservation data is connected to the time delay estimation block, and this time delay estimation block connects reference signal receive path and second channel selector switch respectively, is used for reference channel signal and array channel signal are carried out time delay equalization.
11, school for the blind's equipment of adaptive array antenna according to claim 9 is characterized in that: the carrier of described algorithm routine and preservation data also comprises weights serial mean computing module; Be used for offering means for correcting again with after the calculating of the weights sequence value of averaging.
12, according to school for the blind's equipment of claim 9 or 10 or 11 described adaptive array antennas, it is characterized in that: described device is separately positioned on the uplink and downlink link.
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| CN1328594C (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2007-07-25 | 中国人民解放军空军雷达学院 | Method for conducting array corrction and information source direction finding by using high precision auxiliary array element |
| CN100488075C (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2009-05-13 | 上海原动力通信科技有限公司 | Array antenna signal processing method |
| CN101479885B (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2013-02-06 | 爱尔兰梅努斯国立大学 | Antenna array calibration |
| CN102740314A (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2012-10-17 | 上海华为技术有限公司 | Receiving channel delay correction method, device and base station with device |
| CN110988786B (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2023-09-22 | 成都大公博创信息技术有限公司 | Array direction-finding calibration method |
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