CN1274143A - Liquid crystal displaying component, back reflecting mechanism and liquid crystal displaying device adopting same - Google Patents

Liquid crystal displaying component, back reflecting mechanism and liquid crystal displaying device adopting same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1274143A
CN1274143A CN00118496A CN00118496A CN1274143A CN 1274143 A CN1274143 A CN 1274143A CN 00118496 A CN00118496 A CN 00118496A CN 00118496 A CN00118496 A CN 00118496A CN 1274143 A CN1274143 A CN 1274143A
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China
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal display
display cells
mentioned
light
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CN00118496A
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Chinese (zh)
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中尾健次
上村强
田中好纪
石原将市
冲田光隆
田村达彦
山口久典
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Publication of CN1274143A publication Critical patent/CN1274143A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell

Abstract

A liquid crystal display element of the present invention includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer aligned while being twisted by 90 degree, a first light-travelling-direction shifting means and a second light-travelling-direction shifting means. The first light-travelling-direction shifting means is formed by phase compensating plates stuck on outside surfaces of said substrates, respectively, so as to improve viewing angle characteristics for all directions but one particular direction of an inferior viewing angle direction, when the display surface is viewed from an oblique direction. The second light-travelling-direction shifting means is formed by optical axis shifting plates stuck on the phase compensating plates on the front side, so as to shift the light travelling direction into the inferior viewing angle direction. With this arrangement, the liquid crystal display element having improved viewing angle characteristics with no gradation reversal is realized.

Description

Liquid crystal display cells, back reflecting mechanism and the liquid crystal indicator that adopts them
The present invention relates to liquid crystal display cells that is used for by OA monitor or video camera etc. etc., the present invention relates to liquid crystal display cells that improves viewing angle characteristic etc. specifically.
In the past, as the large-scale display board that is used for OA monitor etc. or be used for the small display panel of video camera etc., colour liquid crystal display device is popularized.As these colour liquid crystal display devices, generally adopt the liquid crystal display cells of the good twisted-nematic of image quality (TN) type.Fig. 1 is the side sectional view of the major part in the existing liquid crystal display cells.
As shown in Figure 1, the liquid crystal display cells of this TN type is between a pair of substrate 107,109 that be arranged in parallel, and clamping has liquid crystal layer 108, and deviation mating plate 105,105 pastes the outside of paying in the substrate 107 of inboard respectively, and on the outside of the substrate 109 in the outside.Though it is not shown in the drawings, but inboard at aforesaid substrate 107, be formed with thin film transistor, pixel electrode and oriented film, 109 inboard at substrate, be formed with comparative electrode and oriented film, by this oriented film is carried out directional process, the liquid crystal molecule 8 in the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer 108 twists 90 ° continuously between substrate 107,109.In addition, though the liquid crystal molecule 8 of Fig. 1 is depicted as 3 layers form, in fact, the continuous countless layer of can serving as reasons forms.
In addition, applying under the state of certain specific voltage between pixel electrodes and the comparative electrode, to liquid crystal layer 108, the liquid crystal molecule 8c of the pars intermedia of the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer 108 (below abbreviate " pars intermedia " as) is in the state that relative substrate 107,109 erects, but liquid crystal molecule 8a, 8a near the inner face of substrate 107,109 are not too movable, are in the state with aforesaid substrate 107,109 keeping parallelisms.This be because: above-mentioned liquid crystal molecule 8a, 8a are anchored in the inner face of substrate 107,109.Therefore, the liquid crystal molecule 8 that is applied with in the liquid crystal layer 108 of voltage is not to be in the state that merely erects, and this liquid crystal layer must be regarded as the integral body of each liquid crystal molecule 8 that the angle of inclination changes continuously.
In such liquid crystal display cells,, then has the problem that produces tone reversal etc. if watch display surface D from vergence direction.Such as, watch display surface D from the frontal S of the normal direction of display surface D, in black patch, show the occasion at four angles of white, if watch display surface D, just the brightness of seeing black patch is greater than four jiaos brightness of the white that shows or be in negative the demonstration from vergence direction.
Such tone reversal is to produce under specific state.This be because: liquid crystal molecule 8 is for shaft-like, and the liquid crystal molecule 8c of pars intermedia direction down tilts, as shown in Figure 1, under the voltage status that certain tone shows, according to from frontal downwards 20 ° degree produce tone reversal.This be because: in the occasion of watching liquid crystal molecule 8 from the front, the refractive index of liquid crystal is less, along with direction of observation constantly downwards, the refractive index of liquid crystal reduces gradually, the refractive index minimum of the occasion of observing from the long axis direction of liquid crystal molecule 8c, and continue down, then refractive index increases once more.In addition, exist tone reversal to betide the situation of direction down and left and right directions.
So,, just provide liquid crystal display cells shown in Figure 2 for tone reversal is compensated.Fig. 2 is the side sectional view of existing major part in improved liquid crystal display cells.This liquid crystal display cells and between the substrate 109 and deviation mating plate 105 in the outside, is provided with phase compensator 106,106 respectively between the substrate 107 and deviation mating plate 105 of inboard.
Above-mentioned phase compensator 106 comprises the phase compensator of uniaxial orientation or biaxially oriented phase compensator, but with the phase compensator that forms by following composition for more excellent, said composition comprises from optics says to have the anisotropic optical media of refractive index.This optical media 6 is for having the anisotropic discoid liquid crystal material of negative index.
In addition, if above-mentioned liquid crystal layer 108 is applied voltage, the direction of the liquid crystal molecule 8 in liquid crystal layer 108 changes continuously along the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer 108.So the angle of inclination of above-mentioned optical media 6 is consistent along thickness direction, the tone reversal that can not be caused whole liquid crystal molecules 8 of the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer 108 compensates.So in order to compensate by 106 pairs of tone reversal of phase compensator, above-mentioned optical media 6 is compound orientations, and hardens through ultraviolet radiation.
This compound orientation refers to the face upper edge horizontal orientation of optical media (discoid liquid crystal material) 6 in phase compensator 106, at another side upper edge vertical orientation, perpendicular etc. at the major axis of pars intermedia angle of inclination and liquid crystal molecule 8, the angle of inclination of optical media 6 is different along thickness direction, and axle changes continuously.Because the compound orientation of such optical media 6, the negative index anisotropy of optical media 6 and the positive refracting power anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecule 8 in the liquid crystal layer 108 offset, and make the dependence of the direction of refractive index obtain relaxing.Also have, such structure can compensate viewing angle characteristic under the directed state of certain specific liquid crystal on principle fully.
Also have, at the flat 6-331979 document of TOHKEMY, the flat 6-250166 document of TOHKEMY, in the flat 6-214116 document of TOHKEMY such scheme has been proposed, promptly under the situation that is not discoid liquid crystal material, by uniaxial orientation or biaxially oriented phase compensator are inserted between substrate and the deviation mating plate, can increase the angle (enlarging toward the outer side) of tone reversal, thereby improve viewing angle characteristic.But, in the liquid crystal display cells that adopts simple uniaxial orientation or biaxially oriented phase compensator, mainly when direction is watched tone reversal down, and in the occasion of watching tone reversal from left and right directions, the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display cells that adopts following phase compensator is improved, and this phase compensator makes the compound orientation of discoid liquid crystal material.In addition, the flat 9-5520 document of TOHKEMY has proposed such mode, promptly adopts from the state that makes the above-mentioned compound orientation of discoid liquid crystal material and fixing phase compensator can further improve viewing angle characteristic.In addition, at the flat 7-64069 document of TOHKEMY, in the flat 7-209637 document of TOHKEMY such film has been proposed, promptly by adopting specific UV cured mechanism, form the multilayer film that refractive index has nothing in common with each other, in addition, the flat 9-281483 document of TOHKEMY has proposed such scheme, promptly adopts this film to improve viewing angle characteristic.This film becomes commercialized as this end of Rumi (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film (trade name).
But, as shown in Figure 2, though have the nearly all direction the direction (direction down) that the liquid crystal display cells of the phase compensator 106 that adopts discoid liquid crystal material can extend at the major axis except liquid crystal molecule 8c, viewing angle characteristic is improved, but for this direction down, the refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal sharply changes, below produce tone reversal more than 40 °.Can think: though above-mentioned phase compensator 106 is provided with in the following manner, this mode is: optical media 6 is perpendicular with the long axis direction of liquid crystal molecule 8, its inclination angle changes at leisure, but it does not offset with the different anisotropy of refractive index jumpy of liquid crystal, produces tone reversal.
Because OA uses according to the mode that is arranged on the table with the big template that monitor etc. is adopted, do not observe display surface D from direction down, even like this under the situation of the tone reversal of direction generation down, still can not produce the rough sledding in the use.Therefore, the liquid crystal display cells that the big template that the monitor that OA uses etc. adopted is used carries out directional process according to the mode that produces tone reversal in following direction to substrate 107,109.But, owing to be to observe such as the small display panel of video camera, under the situation of direction down, still do not produce tone reversal even so just require from all directions.
In addition, even, still can't provide the liquid crystal display cells that to eliminate the problem of tone reversal fully by the disclosed various films of above-mentioned each document.
Also have, the liquid crystal display cells with phase compensator 106 shown in Figure 2 has by the characteristic shown in the chromatic diagram shown in Figure 3, and the look in following direction changes greatly especially.
So, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of liquid crystal display cells, it can solve the so-called problem that produces the viewing angle characteristic of tone reversal or look variation.
A kind of liquid crystal display cells according to first aspect present invention is characterized in that, this element comprises:
The 1st light mapping device of advancing, it compensates optical characteristics;
The 2nd light mapping device of advancing, it is not to compensating by above-mentioned the 1st light optical characteristics that mapping device compensates of advancing.
According to such structure, owing to, optical characteristics is compensated, form so-called twin-stage compensation by two light direct of travel mapping devices, can compensate optical characteristics expeditiously like this.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells of the 2nd aspect according to the present invention, above-mentioned optical characteristics is a viewing angle characteristic.
As mentioned above, in order only to adopt existing composite membrane to compensate, bring into play positive and all good viewing angle characteristic of this both direction of direction down, the thickness of composite membrane, refractive index, compound orientation etc. are adjusted, but because these conditions are strict, in fact extremely difficult the realization, such as, even under the situation of the excellent contrast in front, still has the problems such as (particularly, producing tone reversal) of the characteristic reduction of direction down.Relative therewith, if by the as above twin-stage compensation of structure, viewing angle characteristic is improved, owing to can pass through the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device, positive contrast is improved, by the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, make the viewing angle characteristic raising of direction down, characteristic positive and this both direction of direction down is improved.In addition, even owing to the reason of manufacturing step aspect etc., the performance of composite membrane (the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device) produces under the situation of error, still can compensate by the 2nd light mapping device of advancing, and thus, needn't adopt accurate composite membrane.Therefore, the range of choice of composite membrane is wider, and can reduce the manufacturing cost of liquid crystal display cells.
According to the liquid crystal display cells of the 3rd aspect of the present invention, liquid crystal layer is held between a pair of substrate, and this element has the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device of the viewing angle characteristic raising that makes the direction except the bad view directions of a certain direction, it is characterized in that,
This liquid crystal display cells comprises the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, and the direct of travel of the part of the light that this mechanism will advance beyond the above-mentioned bad view directions transforms to bad view directions.
According to this structure, the viewing angle characteristic beyond the bad view directions improves by the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device, and the viewing angle characteristic of bad view directions improves by the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device.Therefore, liquid crystal display cells of the present invention improves the viewing angle characteristic of all directions by with the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device and the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device combination.In addition, in other words, " bad view directions " refers to the direction that the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device can not make viewing angle characteristic improve.
Have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 4th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that again, only the bad view directions that produces at the above-mentioned the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device is the visual angle reverse directions.
According to this structure, if bad view directions is the visual angle reverse directions,, can eliminate the visual angle counter-rotating of visual angle reverse directions by the advance mapping device combination of the 1st light is advanced mapping device and light, can realize the liquid crystal display cells that viewing angle characteristic is good.
In addition, liquid crystal display cells according to the 5th aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that, liquid crystal molecule in the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is twisted orientation, and above-mentioned bad view directions is the long axis direction of liquid crystal molecule, and this liquid crystal molecule is located at the pars intermedia of thickness direction of liquid crystal layer that liquid crystal layer is applied the occasion of specific voltage.
Owing to adopt this structure, can realize following TN type liquid crystal display cells like this, wherein, the viewing angle characteristic of long axis direction of liquid crystal molecule that is positioned at bad view directions and is the pars intermedia of liquid crystal layer direction is improved.
Also have, liquid crystal display cells according to the 6th aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that, the above-mentioned the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device is for pasting the phase compensator of paying on the outside of at least one substrate, this phase compensator is formed by following composition, said composition comprises from optics says to have the anisotropic optical media of refractive index, and this optical media tilts along the thickness direction of above-mentioned phase compensator, and this angle of inclination changes along thickness direction.
According to this structure, even under the situation that the angle of inclination of the liquid crystal molecule in above-mentioned liquid crystal layer changes continuously, still can pass through above-mentioned phase compensator, the refractive index anisotropy of each liquid crystal molecule is offseted.
In addition, liquid crystal display cells according to the 7th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, the above-mentioned the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device is for pasting the phase compensator of paying on the outside of at least one substrate, this phase compensator has birefringence, and above-mentioned birefringence changes along thickness direction.
According to this structure, even under the situation that the angle of inclination of the liquid crystal molecule in above-mentioned liquid crystal layer changes continuously, still can have birefringent phase compensator, the refractive index anisotropy of each liquid crystal molecule is offseted.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 8th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, the optical media in the above-mentioned phase compensator says to have the negative index anisotropy from optics.
Also have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 9th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, above-mentioned optical media is formed by the composition with discoid liquid crystal liquid crystal property.
Have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 10th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that again, the optical media in the above-mentioned phase compensator says to have the positive refracting power anisotropy from optics.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 11st aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, above-mentioned optical media is formed by the composition with liquid crystal liquid crystal property.
In addition, according to the liquid crystal display cells of the 12nd aspect of the present invention, liquid crystal layer is held between a pair of substrate, it is characterized in that, this element has the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, and the part of the light that this mechanism will advance along the direction that brightness does not reduce transforms to the direction that brightness reduces.
Owing to adopt this structure, the light that the direction that does not reduce along brightness can be advanced transforms to the direction that brightness reduces by the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, and the brightness of the direction that can reduce brightness compensates like this.
Also have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 13rd aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, above-mentioned liquid crystal display cells is the vertical orientation type.
Existing, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 14th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, above-mentioned liquid crystal display cells is the OCB type.
In the liquid crystal display cells of the vertical orientation type of said structure or optical compensation banding pattern (OCB type), can compensate by the advance brightness of the direction that mapping device reduces brightness of the 2nd light.
In addition, according to a kind of liquid crystal display cells of the 15th aspect of the present invention, liquid crystal layer is held between a pair of substrate, has bad visual angle along certain specific direction, it is characterized in that,
This element has the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, and this mechanism will be along except above-mentioned bad view directions and the part of the light of advancing transforms to bad view directions.
In the liquid crystal display cells of this structure, because by above-mentioned the 2nd light mapping device of advancing, the direct of travel of the part of the light that will advance along the direction except bad view directions transforms to bad view directions, can improve the viewing angle characteristic of bad view directions like this.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 16th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, above-mentioned liquid crystal display cells is the vertical orientation type, and the liquid crystal molecule in the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer has such characteristic, promptly has anisotropy by applying voltage, and run-off the straight.
According to said structure, in the liquid crystal display cells of vertical-type, the liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal layer has anisotropy, and the viewing angle characteristic of the direction that the direction of inclination promptly tilts can improve by the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device.
Also have, according to the 17th aspect of the present invention the liquid crystal display cells of scheme, it is characterized in that the optical axis converter plate of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device for constituting by the anisotropic scattering element.
Have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 18th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that again, is stacked with the different material of multilayer refractive index in the above-mentioned optical axis converter plate.
In the manner described above, as the 2nd light mapping device of advancing, owing to adopt the optical axis converter plate that constitutes by the anisotropic scattering element, more particularly, adopt the different material of refractive index according to the stacked film of multilayer, by above-mentioned optical axis converter plate, make the light scattering of advancing like this in the direction except bad view directions, part with light transforms to bad view directions in addition, and the viewing angle characteristic of bad view directions is improved.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 19th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, the optical axis converter plate of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device for being made of asymmetric refracting element.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 20th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, above-mentioned optical axis converter plate is the asymmetric refracting element of cross section indentation.
Owing to by said structure, can improve the viewing angle characteristic of bad view directions, do not have like this in only a part of angle situation of deepening partly.
Also have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 21st aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, above-mentioned optical axis converter plate is asymmetric micro lens.
Same by this structure, not only the viewing angle characteristic of bad view directions improves, and can improve productivity at an easy rate.
Have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 22nd aspect of the present invention is characterized in that again, it is provided with the anti-locking mechanism of reflection that is used to prevent external light reflection.
According to this structure, by the anti-locking mechanism of above-mentioned reflection, the scattering method that is produced in the optical axis converter plate that is made of the anisotropic scattering element can not cause bad influence to demonstration, can prevent the reduction of the contrast of liquid crystal display cells.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 23rd aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, the anti-locking mechanism of above-mentioned reflection is an antireflection film, and it is formed on the surface of polarized light piece in the outside of the substrate that is arranged on face side.
In this structure, antireflection film is handled by AR and is formed, and can pass through this antireflection film, prevents external light reflection, can not cause bad influence to demonstration.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 24th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, the anti-locking mechanism of above-mentioned reflection is a jog, and this jog is formed on the surface of polarized light piece in the outside of the substrate that is arranged on face side.
Owing to adopt this structure, can prevent outside reflection of light by jog like this.
Also have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 25th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, the anti-locking mechanism of above-mentioned reflection is such form, and the polarized light piece that promptly is arranged at inside and outside two sides on the outside of substrate of inboard and face side is a circularly polarizing plate.
According to this structure owing on the optical axis converter plate of the bottom of this circularly polarizing plate, produce the occasion of reflection, light reciprocally twice by λ/4 plates, corrugated half-twist like this, consequently, absorb, can prevent that like this exterior light from producing reflection because above-mentioned light is polarized light piece.
Have again, liquid crystal display cells according to the 26th aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that, pass through the length of direction of direct of travel conversion that the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device makes light less than the occasion of 400 μ m in having a plurality of pixels, this pixel, the scattering angle amplitude of above-mentioned anisotropic scattering element is less than 70 °.
In addition, liquid crystal display cells according to the 27th aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that, pass through the length of direction of direct of travel conversion that the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device makes light less than the occasion of 100 μ m in having a plurality of pixels, this pixel, the scattering angle amplitude of above-mentioned anisotropic scattering element is less than 40 °.
Because limit in the manner described above, the reflection that demonstrates on the display surface of liquid crystal display cells can not blur like this.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 28th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, by the occasion that Δ n represents, the thickness of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is represented by d, their product Δ nd is less than 0.42 in the refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal.
Also have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 29th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, by the occasion that Δ n represents, the thickness of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is represented by d, their product Δ nd is less than 0.4 in the refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal.
According to this structure, because Δ nd less than 0.42, particularly preferably less than 0.40, can realize following good demonstration like this, in this shows, promptly do not produce tone reversal, do not produce the phenomenon that tone destroys yet.
Have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 30th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that again, the distortion angle of the liquid crystal molecule in the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer carries out warped orientation in 90 °～100 ° scope.
In the manner described above, because the twist angle of liquid crystal molecule is limited in 90 °～100 ° the scope, can realize presenting the liquid crystal display cells of the good demonstration that contrast do not reduce like this.
In addition, liquid crystal display cells according to the 31st aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the occasion of seeing display surface from the front, to the substrate of above-mentioned inboard carry out from lower right to the upper left side to directional process, to above-mentioned outside substrate carry out from upper right to the lower left to directional process.
According to this structure, in the occasion of watching display surface from the front, the long axis direction that can make liquid crystal molecule is towards the top.Because liquid crystal display cells of the present invention improves by the viewing angle characteristic that the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device produces the direction of tone reversal, make long axis direction as the liquid crystal molecule of the direction that produces tone reversal towards the top, the viewing angle characteristic that also can make direction up thus is greater than direction down, therefore, when used for liquid crystal display element is made OA and used monitor, can cosily observe display frame.
In addition, liquid crystal display cells according to the 32nd aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the occasion of seeing display surface from the front, to the substrate of above-mentioned inboard carry out from upper right to the lower left to directional process, to above-mentioned outside substrate carry out from lower right to the upper left side to directional process.
Same by this structure, can make the direction that produces tone reversal towards the top, this is the viewing angle characteristic raising of direction up, and display characteristic improves.
Also have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 33rd aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, the liquid crystal molecule of the pars intermedia of the thickness direction in the liquid crystal layer is under the state that shows medium tone, and the substrate in the outside presents towards the posture that tilts relatively.
According to this structure, can pass through the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, improve the viewing angle characteristic of the direction up that produces tone reversal.
Have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 34th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that again, it is provided with optically focused mechanism, and this mechanism is in the zone of reducing because of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device light quantity, gathered light.
According to this structure, even at the mapping device of advancing because of light, have the angle that brightness reduces in the part, still can pass through optically focused mechanism, the brightness of this reduction is compensated.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 35th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device and above-mentioned optically focused mechanism are complementary.
In this manner,, can improve optically focused mechanism like this, the light quantity that reduces because of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device is compensated because the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device and optically focused mechanism remedy mutually.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 36th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, above-mentioned optically focused mechanism carries out optically focused at the frontal with the normal direction of display surface as the angular regions at center.
According to this structure, can pass through optically focused mechanism, the brightness that particularly reduces in the angular regions that with the frontal is the center is compensated.
Also have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 37th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, it is provided with along the optically focused mechanism of bad view directions direction gathered light in addition.
Have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 38th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that again, it is provided with the mechanism that carries out optically focused in the angular regions that with the frontal as the normal direction of display surface is the center.
Owing to adopt said structure, then by optically focused mechanism, light can be converged at the frontal as the normal direction of display surface be the center angular regions, so near the light good positive of viewing angle characteristic increases, the viewing angle characteristic of whole liquid crystal display cells improves thus.
In addition, a kind of liquid crystal display cells according to the 39th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the rear side of described liquid crystal display cells is provided with back reflecting mechanism, and the light quantity angular distribution of this back of the body irradiation comprises a plurality of peak values.
In addition, a kind of liquid crystal display cells according to the 40th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, the rear side of described liquid crystal display cells is provided with back reflecting mechanism, this back of the body irradiation comprises optically focused mechanism, and this mechanism carries out optically focused in the zone of reducing because of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device light quantity.
According to said structure,, can not have to observe display surface under the situation of sense of discomfort because back reflecting mechanism to the light of the strong light quantity of the zone, the irradiation that reduce because of above-mentioned optically focused mechanism light quantity, does not have the local part that reduces of brightness like this on display surface.
Also have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 41st aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, the light quantity angular distribution has a plurality of peak values according to the mode of compensation because of the light quantity of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device minimizing.
According to this structure, consistent by the angle domain that a plurality of peak values and light quantity are reduced, the display surface of liquid crystal indicator is light quantity distribution stably like this.
Also have, the liquid crystal display cells according to the 42nd aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, above-mentioned back reflecting mechanism comprises light guide plate, and this light guide plate comprises to be made light carry out the scattering mechanism of scattering and make light along orienting reflex mechanism that prescribed direction penetrates selectively.
According to this structure, because above-mentioned scattering mechanism makes light scattering, and above-mentioned orienting reflex mechanism penetrates light along the direction of regulation, and display surface is light quantity distribution stably like this.
Have again, liquid crystal display cells according to the 43rd aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned back reflecting mechanism has light guide plate, this light guide plate includes selects electricity to make the orienting reflex mechanism of light along the prescribed direction ejaculation, above-mentioned orienting reflex mechanism has a plurality of recesses that form on above-mentioned light guide plate, above-mentioned a plurality of recesses have a plurality of degree of tilt.
Because same above-mentioned a plurality of recesses have degree of tilt by this structure, can penetrate light along prescribed direction selectively like this.
In addition, liquid crystal display cells according to the 44th aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned back reflecting mechanism has film, this film includes and selectively makes the orienting reflex mechanism of light along the prescribed direction ejaculation, this orienting reflex mechanism comprises a plurality of recesses that are formed on the above-mentioned film, and above-mentioned a plurality of recesses have a plurality of degree of tilt.
According to this structure,, can penetrate light along prescribed direction by making the degree of tilt difference of a plurality of recesses.
In addition, a kind of back reflecting mechanism according to the 45th aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the rear side of described liquid crystal display cells is provided with optically focused mechanism, and it carries out optically focused in the zone of reducing because of the advanced direction transformation of above-mentioned the 2nd light mechanism light quantity.
According to this structure, converge the light of strong light quantity owing to the optically focused mechanism that in by back reflecting mechanism, is had, in the zone that light quantity reduces, can improve the overall viewing angle characteristic of liquid crystal display cells like this.
Fig. 1 is the side sectional view of the major part of existing liquid crystal display cells;
Fig. 2 is the side sectional view of existing major part through improved liquid crystal display cells;
Fig. 3 is existing chromatic diagram through improved liquid crystal display cells;
Fig. 4 is the side sectional view of the liquid crystal display cells of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the side sectional view of the major part of Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the outboard profile of the optical axis converter plate of expression embodiments of the invention 1-2;
Fig. 7 is the side sectional view of major part of the liquid crystal display cells of embodiments of the invention 1-3;
Fig. 8 is the schematic cross sectional side view of the back reflecting mechanism of expression embodiments of the invention 1-4;
Fig. 9 is the schematic cross sectional side view of the conversion example of the back reflecting mechanism of expression embodiments of the invention 1-4;
Figure 10 is the schematic cross sectional side view of another conversion example of the back reflecting mechanism of expression embodiments of the invention 1-4;
Figure 11 is the chromatic diagram of the liquid crystal display cells of embodiments of the invention 1;
Figure 12 (a) is the synoptic diagram of the light quantity distribution of the liquid crystal display cells of expression embodiments of the invention 1-1;
Figure 12 (b) is the synoptic diagram of the light quantity distribution of the back reflecting mechanism of expression embodiments of the invention 1-4;
Figure 12 (c) is the synoptic diagram of the light quantity distribution during with the combination of the back reflecting mechanism of the liquid crystal display cells of Fig. 9 (a) and Fig. 9 (b);
Figure 13 makes the used for liquid crystal display element of embodiments of the invention 1-7 for expression the perspective schematic view of an example of OA monitor;
Figure 14 is the side sectional view of the liquid crystal display cells of the conversion example of expression embodiments of the invention 1;
Figure 15 is the side sectional view of the liquid crystal display cells of the vertical orientation type of expression embodiments of the invention 2;
Figure 16 is the side sectional view of the major part of the liquid crystal display cells of the vertical orientation type of expression embodiments of the invention 2;
Figure 17 is the side sectional view of the liquid crystal display cells of expression conversion example of the present invention.
Below embodiments of the invention are specifically described.
(the 1st embodiment)
Below with reference to Fig. 4～16, embodiments of the invention 1,2 are described.But the part identical with prior art adopts identical label, and the Therefore, omited is to its specific descriptions.In addition, identical with prior art, to the liquid crystal molecule 8c of the pars intermedia in the liquid crystal layer 108 relatively the substrate 109 downward-sloping occasions in the outside be described.
(embodiment 1)
By Fig. 4,5 pairs of embodiments of the invention 1 are described now.Fig. 4 is the side sectional view of the liquid crystal display cells of embodiments of the invention 1, and Fig. 5 is the side sectional view of the major part of Fig. 4.Shown in Figure 4 and 5, the liquid crystal display cells of embodiments of the invention 1 is characterised in that: liquid crystal layer 108 is held between a pair of substrate 107,109 that be arranged in parallel, liquid crystal molecule in this liquid crystal layer 108 twists 90 ° by substrate 107,109 is carried out directional process, is provided with the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device and the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device.The above-mentioned the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device is made of the phase compensator on each outside surface that is attached at above-mentioned a pair of substrate 107,109 106,106.Also have, above-mentioned the 2nd direct of travel mapping device is made of the optical axis converter plate 110 on the phase compensator 106 that is attached at the above-mentioned outside.On the phase compensator 106 of inboard and optical axis converter plate 110, attach polarized light piece 105,105 respectively.Have, on the rear side of the polarized light piece 105,105 of inboard, be provided with back reflecting mechanism 104, liquid crystal indicator is made of with liquid crystal display cells this back reflecting mechanism 104.
In above-mentioned phase compensator 106, optical media 6 is compound orientations, and in addition, above-mentioned optical media 6 is for to say having each anisotropic discoid liquid crystal material of negative index from optics.Though above-mentioned phase compensator 106 can improve the viewing angle characteristic of liquid crystal display cells, the viewing angle characteristic of a certain direction is improved according to the mode identical with other direction.This a certain direction is called bad view directions R.
Also have, above-mentioned optical axis converter plate 110 is by modes such as refraction, reflection, scatterings, will transform to bad view directions R except the direct of travel of the part of the direction the R direction of above-mentioned bad visual angle, near will advance the front specifically normal light.Refer to be caused by very little light quantity difference along the phenomenon of the tone reversal of bad visual angle R direction, tone reversal compensates by a part of light by optical axis converter plate, conversion direct of travel.
Owing to constitute in the manner described above, phase compensator by the discoid liquid crystal that adopts compound orientation, direction that can viewing angle characteristic is bad (bad view directions R) only is controlled at a direction, improve the viewing angle characteristic of this direction by the optical axis converter plate, all directions are compensated, by adopting this two measures simultaneously, the viewing angle characteristic of all directions improves, and obtains significant effect.
In addition, Figure 11 is the chromatic diagram of the liquid crystal display cells of embodiments of the invention 1.As shown in figure 11, liquid crystal display cells of the present invention is by making up phase compensator 106 with optical axis converter plate 110 these two persons, and also the look change to the below compensates.But, to revise for the change of checking colors, following design is necessary, this design instigates the phase compensator 106 that tone reversal is compensated different with occasion with optical axis converter plate 110.
In addition, though adopt the discoid film of compound orientation on phase compensator, the present invention is not limited to this, and embodiment 1-8 is described as described later, also can adopt the phase compensator 106 that is formed by shaft-like liquid crystal material.The present invention improves the viewing angle characteristic of the direction except 1 direction by the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device of phase compensator etc., by the optical axis converter plate as the 2nd direct of travel mapping device, the viewing angle characteristic of this direction is compensated.
In addition, above-mentioned optical axis converter plate 110 also can not be arranged between phase compensator and the polarized light piece, and is arranged at the outside of substrate, such as shown in figure 14, also can be arranged between the substrate 109 and phase compensator 106 in the outside, or the outside of the polarized light piece 105 in the outside.In addition, be preferably on the optical axis converter plate in the outside that is arranged at polarized light piece, be provided with the anti-locking mechanism of reflection.Also have, in present embodiment 1, following direction is the visual angle reverse directions, but is not limited to this, also can be with opposite up and down, and also can make the visual angle reverse directions is left and right directions.
In the manner described above, liquid crystal display cells has the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device except the bad view directions of a certain direction, that viewing angle characteristic is improved, and will transform to the 2nd direct of travel mapping device of bad view directions along the direct of travel of the part of the light of advancing beyond the above-mentioned bad view directions, the viewing angle characteristic of all directions of this liquid crystal display cells has all improved.
Below by enumerating embodiment 1-1～embodiment 1-8, the instantiation of embodiment 1 is described.
(embodiment 1-1)
In present embodiment 1-1,, adopt this end of Rumi (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y3060 (trade name is accommodated chemical production) as the anisotropic scattering element as above-mentioned optical axis converter plate 110.
This end of above-mentioned Rumi (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y3060 is that the different material of refractive index is stacked and form according to multilayer, and it has the light that makes in 30 °～60 ° angular range and produces the characteristic of scattering.More particularly, has following characteristic, this characteristic instigates the light towards frontal S (with reference to Fig. 5) and frontal S top to pass through as it is, but the relative incident angle of direct of travel of the part of the light in 30～40 ° of scopes in the below of phase frontal direction S, be bent downwardly 20 °, make the interior light of 40～60 ° of scopes in below according to isotropic mode scattering in addition, in addition, this angular range of 30～60 ° is called " scattering angle scope ".
In addition, if adopt this film, then the light that carries out visual angle counter-rotating of below more than 40 ° is realized scattering and is weakened, in addition because the relative incident angle of a part of the normal light of not realizing tone reversal in 30～40 ° of scopes in below, be bent downwardly 20 °, transform to the visual angle reverse directions, can eliminate tone reversal like this.In addition, even under the situation that adopts the kind except that this end of above-mentioned Rumi (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y3060, still can similarly eliminate tone reversal.In addition, by the structure of (the Le ミ ス テ ィ) film of regulating this end of various Rumis, scalable scattering angle zone and scattering angle amplitude.In addition, the scattering angle amplitude refers to 30 ° scope in the occasion that adopts Rumi this end (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y3060.If above-mentioned scattering angle amplitude is bigger, then tone reversal reduces greatly, still, according to mode described later, can produce image blurring problem.Have, by below frontal, strengthen the scattering angle scope, then the phenomenon of tone reversal significantly reduces.
In the manner described above, by scattering method, except this end of Rumi (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film, also include Lumaxis (trade name, マ ィ Network ロ シ ャ Block is produced) as the anisotropic scattering element of the bendingof light that makes specific incident angle.
In addition, present the occasion of the anisotropy element of scattering method in employing, have following problems, this problem refers to that exterior light passes through the scattering of anisotropic scattering element, and this scattered light causes harmful effect to liquid crystal display cells, and the contrast of liquid crystal display cells reduces.In the occasion that adopts the anisotropic scattering element, preferably liquid crystal display cells adopts the anti-locking mechanism of reflection in order not produce such problem.
The anti-locking mechanism of above-mentioned reflection can constitute in the following manner, this mode is: handle forming antireflection film by AR (antireflection) on the surface of polarized light piece 105, or form jog by non-glare treated, or make inside and outside both sides' polarized light piece 105,105 form circularly polarizing plates 105 on the surface of polarized light piece 105.By the anti-locking mechanism of these reflections, can prevent the reduction of the contrast of liquid crystal display cells.
In addition, above-mentioned circularly polarizing plate 105 has following characteristics, it is combined to form polarized light piece 105 and λ/4 plates, produce the occasion of reflection in the optical axis converter plate of the bottom of this circularly polarizing plate and since light reciprocally 2 times by λ/4 plates, corrugated half-twist, consequently, because for polarized light piece absorbs, do not produce external light reflection like this, king-sized reflection preventing effect is obvious.
Have, adopt each occasion to special-shaped dispersing element in optical axis converter plate 110, because the directive property of light is mixed and disorderly, can produce following problems like this, this problem refers to that the reflection that display surface D is mirrored blurs along the vertical direction.This problem is remarkable in the occasion of high-precision gradient, in the direction that makes the direct of travel of conversion light by the 2nd direct of travel mapping device, such as bad view directions is the occasion of direction down, the length of the above-below direction of pixel is adapted at below the 100 μ m, and the scattering angle amplitude is fit to be controlled at below 40 °, the length that must make the above-below direction in the pixel is controlled at the scattering angle amplitude below 70 ° at 400 μ m.
Adopt the optical axis conversion utmost point 110 of such anisotropic scattering element to make the light of advancing along frontal S as the normal direction of the display surface D of liquid crystal display cells, and the light of advancing towards frontal S top advances as it is, only makes light towards the below of frontal S towards the below bending.Thus, below frontal S 20 °, produce dark-part partly, the observer does not feel well.Below by embodiment 1-3, this elimination situation is described.
(embodiment 1-2)
In present embodiment 1-2, above-mentioned optical axis converter plate 110 adopts asymmetric refracting element, more particularly, adopts the film with sawtooth cross sectional shape.Fig. 6 is the outboard profile of the optical axis converter plate of expression embodiments of the invention 1-2.As shown in Figure 6, adopting the optical axis converter plate 110 of asymmetric refracting element is asymmetric jagged oriented film IDFII (trade name, Sumitomo 3M produces) for cross sectional shape along the vertical direction.
Oriented film IDFII as above-mentioned optical axis converter plate 110 has following characteristics, this feature refers to: shown in thick line or fine rule among Fig. 6, make from the below of frontal S, the light of advancing towards the top transform to as it is the top or more the top and advance, shown in chain line, the light of advancing along frontal S, or shown in dot-and-dash line, the light of advancing towards the below from the top of frontal S transforms to the below, or below more, advance, the light intensity relative angle changes continuously.Thus, though according to the mode of embodiment 1-1, only Yi Bufen angle is not dark in the part, and the brightness of the integral body of display surface D reduces.In addition, in order to eliminate the problem that this overall brightness reduces,, then can improve the overall brightness of liquid crystal display cells by adopting the described back reflecting mechanism of embodiment 1-4 that to describe according to the back.
In addition, if as shown in Figure 6, the cross sectional shape of above-mentioned oriented film IDFII is periodic zigzag, then photoperiodism the gradient of liquid crystal cell disturbed, and produces Moire fringe.So, be acyclic zigzag preferably by the cross sectional shape that makes above-mentioned oriented film IDFII, then can not produce Moire fringe.
Also have, in present embodiment 1-2, adopt jagged optical axis converter plate, but be not limited to this situation, can be asymmetric refracting element, such as adopting asymmetric micro lens.
(embodiment 1-3)
In present embodiment 1-3,2 optical axis converter plate are attached on the interior outside of liquid crystal display cells, thereby compensate by the reduction of optical axis converter plate to the brightness of liquid crystal display cells.Fig. 7 is the major part side sectional view of the liquid crystal display cells of embodiments of the invention 1-3.At the foregoing description 1-1, among the 1-2, be attached at the outside of liquid crystal display cells as the optical axis converter plate 110 of this end of Rumi (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y3060 or oriented film IDFII, but, particularly, in embodiment 1-1, have the angle that brightness reduces partly, have the problem of feeling under the weather.
Therefore, in the liquid crystal display cells of present embodiment 1-3,, had the optically focused mechanism of complementation for the brightness that reduces is compensated.As shown in Figure 7, this optically focused mechanism is made of optical axis converter plate 110 ', and this optical axis converter plate 110 ' is attached on the inboard phase compensator 106.In addition, in embodiment 1-3, aforesaid optical axis converter plate 110 adopts Rumi this end (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y3060, and optical axis converter plate 110 ' also adopts at this end of Rumi (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y3060, and optical axis converter plate 110 ' is replenished mutually with optical axis converter plate 110.By above-mentioned structure, according to optical axis converter plate 110 because of the outside, the angle that the density of light reduces, by the optical axis converter plate 110 ' gathered light of inboard, the brightness of reduction is compensated.Having, in order to be gathered in the less zone of density of light from the light that back reflecting mechanism penetrates, can be asymmetrical such as the condensing film that makes back reflecting mechanism also then again, or make back reflecting mechanism light guide plate be shaped as asymmetrical.
(embodiment 1-4)
In present embodiment 1-4,, just solved near the problem of the positive brightness reduction of liquid crystal display cells by regulating the light quantity distribution of back reflecting mechanism.
In the above embodiments 1-3, optical axis converter plate 110 ' is attached on the inboard phase compensator 106, and the viewing angle characteristic of liquid crystal display cells is improved, still, in present embodiment 1-4, according to mode with desirable characteristics, design back reflecting mechanism 104.
The light quantity distribution of the following occasion of Figure 12 (a) expression, this occasion refer to the back reflecting mechanism that adopts uncomfortable lay the grain amount to distribute, and the liquid crystal display cells of the structure of itself and embodiment 1-1 is made up.But the optical axis converter plate adopts Rumi this end (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y2070.Also have, (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y2070 is 50 ° for the scattering angle amplitude at above-mentioned Rumi this end, and the scattering angle zone is at the film of 20 °～70 ° scope.From Figure 12 (a) as can be known, below 20 °～40 ° angular range in, have the problem that light reduces.
So, the special back reflecting mechanism that adopts with the light quantity distribution shown in Figure 12 (b).Figure 12 (a) has following characteristics, and this feature refers to the mode that the light quantity according to the angular regions that brightness is reduced by back reflecting mechanism compensates, and has a plurality of peak values.
Fig. 8 represents to have the structure of the back reflecting mechanism of such feature.Fig. 8 is the schematic cross sectional side view of the back reflecting mechanism of embodiments of the invention 1-4.Generally, back of the body irradiation comprises the side lamp 101 that is made of lamp and catoptron, to be transformed to the light guide plate 102 of planar light source from the light of this side lamp 101, be arranged at the condensing film 103 etc. of the face side of this light guide plate 102, on the surface of this light guide plate 102,, be coated with point 111 as scattering mechanism by the scatterer China ink of white.Common back of the body irradiation just is coated with the point 111 of this scatterer.
But as shown in Figure 8, back reflecting mechanism 104 of the present invention is formed with the recess 112 as orienting reflex mechanism in the rear side of above-mentioned light guide plate 102, and this recess 112 can reflect the light of light guide plate 102 partly, selectively along the prescribed direction irradiates light.In addition, present embodiment 1-4 constitutes in the following manner, and this mode is: this recess 112 is adjusted, so that the light of propagating in above-mentioned light guide plate penetrates in 20 °～40 ° angular range, shown in Figure 12 (b), light quantity distribution has peak value near 20 °～40 ° scope.Also have, the height of the peak value of light quantity can be adjusted by the density (quantity) of adjusting recess 112, and in addition in the zone near side lamp 101, because light quantity is stronger, the density of recess 112 (quantity) reduces like this.By such back reflecting mechanism and the liquid crystal display cells that adopts Rumi this end (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film are made up, then shown in Figure 12 (c), just acquisition has the liquid crystal indicator of the characteristic of smooth-going light quantity distribution, can not be created in the problem that certain specific direction brightness reduces, viewing angle characteristic improves.
In addition, back reflecting mechanism of the present invention is not limited to said structure, also can form a plurality of orienting reflex mechanism, such as, as shown in Figure 9, also can form the recess 112 ' (cutting structure) different, so that replace the above-mentioned point 111 of coating with above-mentioned recess 112 angles of inclination.In Fig. 9,,, promptly near the front, be formed for the recess 112 ' of optically focused at peak value in the outside of light guide plate 102.In addition, by forming such structure, just can control the peak of the light quantity distribution of back reflecting mechanism, by this back reflecting mechanism is set in liquid crystal display cells, the display surface that then can make liquid crystal indicator is smooth-going light quantity distribution.In addition, above-mentioned recess 112 ' can be formed at the exterior side of light guide plate 102, also can be formed at the inner face side of light guide plate 102, has by the inner face side in light guide plate 102 to form 2 kinds of different recesses of degree of tilt again, then can form the peak value of 2 light quantity distribution.Also have, the kind of inclination also can be more than 2 kinds.
In addition,, form beyond the recess, as shown in figure 10, also can have orienting reflex mechanism, attach film 112b along required direction with distribution of light intensity except directly above-mentioned light guide plate being cut.In the past, what sold on the market is to have a kind of incline structure, along frontal, carries out the film of optically focused to keep directed mode.
But, also can be following such structure, in this structure, the inclination mode of this prismatic lens is 2 kinds, such as forming the cross section is that sharp-pointed leg-of-mutton jog and inclination is smooth-going jog, above-mentioned light guide plate is attached at liquid crystal board one side, and back reflecting mechanism presents the light quantity distribution with a plurality of peak values.In addition, owing in liquid crystal display cells, be provided with the back reflecting mechanism that constitutes by in this manner, can obtain the liquid crystal indicator of the such characteristic of Figure 12 (c) like this.In addition, because the back reflecting mechanism of such characteristic cling film only on light guide plate, the so just required back of the body irradiation characteristic of acquisition easily.
(embodiment 1-5)
In present embodiment 1-5, with optically focused mechanism and the liquid crystal display cells combination of adopting optical axis converter plate 110, this optically focused mechanism will carry out optically focused as the angular regions at center as the frontal of the normal direction of the display surface of liquid crystal display cells.Embodiment 1-1 is described as the aforementioned, increases the visual angle by optical axis converter plate of the present invention and refers to following manner, and this mode is: become bad direction along view directions, make near positive anaclasis, light is returned.At this moment, because near the good light positive returns along bad view directions, the viewing angle characteristic of bad view directions is improved.Relative therewith, in present embodiment 1-5, near the good positive light of viewing angle characteristic is increased, whole viewing angle characteristics is improved.In addition, be not limited near positive light, also can increase, improve whole viewing angle characteristics by making the good light of viewing angle characteristic (light beyond the bad view directions).
In present embodiment 1-5,, shown in the imaginary line among Fig. 4, in back reflecting mechanism 104, be provided with the prismatic lens 113 of optically focused mechanism in order to increase the good light of viewing angle characteristic.The BEFII that this prismatic lens 113 adopts Sumitomo 3M to produce.Have again, also can adopt the prismatic lens that comprises polarization.
In addition, in embodiment 1-1, adopt the occasion of Rumi this end (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y3565 (trade name), have edge direction down, the situation that tone reversal is minimum.This be because: even stronger at the light of periphery, near the light positive reflects by optical axis converter plate 110, under situation that the light of periphery mixes, still can not the light of the periphery that carries out tone reversal be compensated.
But, if adopt the prismatic lens (BEFII) of present embodiment 1-5, then because under the effect of this prismatic lens (BEFII), near the good positive light of viewing angle characteristic is increased, even like this under the situation that adopts Rumi this end (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y3565, still enough viewing angle characteristics can be obtained, tone reversal can be do not produced.
(embodiment 1-6)
In present embodiment 1-6, make the Δ nd of liquid crystal material reach best, make distortion angle reach best.
According to aforementioned manner, the present invention transforms to the direction that produces tone reversal by the light with near the good characteristic positive, with the viewing angle characteristic covering of tone reversal direction.The angular regions of promptly carrying out tone reversal is more little, and comprehensive characteristic is high more.
But in TN type liquid crystal mode, from the principle, in the occasion of Δ nd=0.472, comprehensive characteristic is best suited for.Here, Δ n represents the refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal, and d represents the thickness of liquid crystal layer.But,, near 30 ° below the frontal S, produce tone reversal in this occasion.
According to the inventor's analysis, further reduce by making Δ nd, the angle that produces tone reversal is changed in the outside.That is, if Δ nd=0.42, then the tone reversal angle is in the outside, changes to 40 ° of the belows of frontal S, if Δ nd=0.4, then the tone reversal angle is in the outside, changes to 45 ° of the belows of frontal S.In the manner described above, by the refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal, the thickness of liquid crystal layer reduces, and then improve at the visual angle.
In addition, have the occasion of the liquid crystal display cells of optical axis converter plate, when Δ nd=0.42, then do not produce tone reversal, still, still have the phenomenon of the tone destruction of reflection in employing.Yet, when Δ nd=0.4, can realize the non-destructive good demonstration of tone.Thus, preferably Δ nd is less than 0.42, in addition when Δ nd less than 0.4 the time, also can't see the phenomenon of tone destruction, obtain better viewing angle characteristic.
Have, above-mentioned phenomenon is identical with the situation that distortion angle is changed again, because the distortion angle of liquid crystal molecule 8 then can improve viewing angle characteristic greater than common distortion angle.But if distortion angle surpasses 100 °, owing to produce the phenomenon that contrast reduces, optimal like this distortion angle is in 90 °～100 ° scope.In the manner described above, can make the Δ nd of liquid crystal material reach best, make distortion angle reach best.
(embodiment 1-7)
Embodiment 1-7 relates to makes the direction that is provided with of liquid crystal display cells be best liquid crystal indicator.Figure 13 makes the perspective schematic view of an example of OA monitor for the used for liquid crystal display element of expression embodiments of the invention 1-7.
Generally, make the occasion of OA monitor at used for liquid crystal display element, because it is arranged on the desk, so can not counteract observing display surface D, the direction that tone reversal produced is towards the below.
But because liquid crystal display cells of the present invention adopts the optical axis converter plate, consequently, the display characteristic of above-mentioned direction down is good, and the display characteristic of direction is poorer than the display characteristic of direction down up.So, when liquid crystal display cells is set, above-below direction is exchanged, then can obtain better characteristic.
So, in order to make direction that tone reversal produces towards the top, friction treatment realizes in the following manner, this mode is: as shown in figure 13, the occasion of watching from direction of observation,, carry out from upper right direction along carrying out for inboard substrate 107 for substrate 109 edges in the outside towards the lower-left from the bottom right towards upper left direction.Or, also can according to for inboard substrate 107 along from upper right direction towards the lower-left, for the substrate 109 in the outside along carrying out friction treatment from the bottom right towards the mode of upper left direction.In addition, directional process is not limited to friction mode, also can be the light directional process.At this moment, the direction of pre-tilt for taking place in the direction of directional process.
In the manner described above, by aforesaid substrate 107,109 is carried out friction treatment, then the liquid crystal molecule 8c of pars intermedia is in from the state that tilts towards the top with the perpendicular direction of substrate under the state that medium tone shows.This up direction refer to the direction of existing generation tone reversal, but by optical axis converter plate of the present invention, viewing angle characteristic improves, the viewing angle characteristic of direction is good up.In addition, in the occasion that liquid crystal indicator is used as the small display panel of video camera, also can make the direction that produces tone reversal be positioned at left and right directions, by by optical axis converter plate as the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, light is transformed to the direction that produces tone reversal, can improve the viewing angle characteristic of left and right directions.
(embodiment 1-8)
In embodiment 1, the phase compensator that adopts the discoid liquid crystal material by compound orientation to form, but in present embodiment 1-8, the phase compensator that employing is formed by the shaft-like liquid crystal material of compound orientation is to replace discoid liquid crystal material.Above-mentioned phase compensator is characterised in that: form according to the mode that the shaft-like liquid crystal of compound orientation is fixing, produce birefringence, above-mentioned birefringence changes along thickness direction.
Because the birefringence in the phase compensator that is formed by above-mentioned shaft-like liquid crystal material changes along thickness direction, like this with the angle of the light of incident, phase differential difference, the increase of viewing angle compensation effect.In addition, because such phase compensator is along little than the phase compensator that is formed by discoid liquid crystal material of the compensation effect of short-axis direction, the viewing angle characteristic variation of bad like this view directions R, but the former plate has following advantage, the promptly relative phase compensator that forms by discoid liquid crystal material, cost production that can be lower.In the manner described above, even under the situation of the phase compensator that the shaft-like liquid crystal that adopts by compound orientation forms, the part of the light that will advance beyond the bad view directions transforms to bad view directions, the viewing angle characteristic raising of whole like this liquid crystal display cells.
(embodiment 2)
Present embodiment is characterised in that the liquid crystal display cells that adopts the vertical orientation type.
(embodiment 2-1)
In present embodiment 2-1, liquid crystal display cells at following vertical orientation type is described, this vertical orientation type liquid crystal display cells comprises the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, and the part of the light that this mechanism will advance along the direction that brightness does not reduce transforms to the direction that brightness reduces.
Figure 15 is the side sectional view of liquid crystal display cells of the vertical orientation type of embodiments of the invention 2-1.As shown in figure 15, in the liquid crystal display cells of vertical orientation type, clamping has liquid crystal layer 115 between a pair of substrate 107,109, on the substrate 109 in the outside, is provided with the optical axis converter plate 110 of the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device that will describe as the back.In addition, on the substrate 107 and optical axis converter plate 110 of inboard, be pasted with polarized light piece 105,105.In addition, handle, then make above-mentioned liquid crystal layer 115 vertically directed by aforesaid substrate 107,109 being carried out vertical orientation.Also have, on the liquid crystal display cells of present embodiment, be not provided with phase compensator as the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device mechanism.
In above-mentioned liquid crystal display cells, when not applying voltage, liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal layer 115 is according to arranging with the perpendicular mode of substrate 107,109, and when applying voltage, liquid crystal molecule is changed to according to the state of arranging with the mode of substrate 107,109 keeping parallelisms.At this moment, have jog on the formed image electrode (not shown) on the substrate 109, form seam etc., thereby can change the vergence direction of liquid crystal molecule.Figure 16 is the face cut-open view that inclines of the major part of the liquid crystal display cells of the vertical orientation type of embodiments of the invention 2-1.Aforesaid example is for being called the mode of " multiple domain ", this mode is: even under the situation for the liquid crystal display cells of vertical orientation type, because viewing angle characteristic is improved, as shown in figure 16, the directional bearing of the liquid crystal molecule 8 in liquid crystal layer 115, method by friction or electric field inclination etc. has anisotropy.Because the liquid crystal display cells of this multiple domain formula has following characteristic, promptly 1 pixel is divided into the part more than 2, and in each corresponding part, the direction of inclination is different, has the uniform characteristic of viewing angle characteristic like this.The liquid crystal display cells of such vertical orientation type can be as the liquid crystal display cells of TN type, produces tone reversal, but has following problems, and promptly when when left and right directions is observed, brightness reduces greatly.
Such as, when photographer made a video recording by video camera, because general video camera is placed on the right side, most cases was to be observed from left by the display board that liquid crystal display cells constitutes like this.Therefore, when above-mentioned used for liquid crystal display element is made the display board of video camera, must improve the brightness of left.
So, the liquid crystal display cells of present embodiment 2-1 constitutes in the following manner, this mode is: for the direct of travel of the part of the light that will advance along frontal S transform to towards left to, be attached at as the optical axis converter plate 110 of the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device on the substrate 109 in the outside, to towards left to the reduction of brightness compensate.In the manner described above, by by above-mentioned optical axis converter plate 110, the part of the light that the direction that does not reduce along brightness is advanced transforms to the direction that brightness reduces, and can the brightness that reduce direction be compensated thus.In addition, by make with the light direct of travel transform to towards left to optical axis converter plate 110, and the light direct of travel is transformed to towards the optical axis converter plate 110 of right stacked, then also can form the structure of the brightness that improves left and right sides both direction.Also have, if adopt optical axis converter plate 110, the part of the light that will advance along frontal S transform to towards left to, near then positive brightness reduces, but embodiment 1-4 is described as the aforementioned, by regulating the light quantity distribution of back reflecting mechanism, can compensate the brightness of its reduction.
(embodiment 2-2)
Previous embodiment 2-1 is that the liquid crystal display cells at following vertical orientation type is described, this liquid crystal display cells comprises the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, the part of the light that this mechanism will advance along the direction that brightness does not reduce transforms to the direction that brightness reduces, but, can increase the technology cost in order to divide pixel.So the liquid crystal display cells of the vertical-type of present embodiment 2-2 is characterised in that: for lower cost manufacturing, make the liquid crystal molecule edge in the liquid crystal layer have 1 direction to tilt, along inclined direction have anisotropy.Because the liquid crystal display cells of the vertical-type of present embodiment 2-2 is anisotropic along the vergence direction of liquid crystal orientation, in the direction of liquid crystal molecules tilt, can produce tone reversal like this.So, form following structure, identical in the occasion that reduces because of tone reversal, viewing angle characteristic in this structure with aforesaid embodiment 1, have the optical axis converter plate, light is transformed to the direction of liquid crystal molecules tilt, viewing angle characteristic improves.In the manner described above, even since along certain specific direction, have under the situation of bad view directions, by optical axis converter plate as the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, the part of the light of advancing beyond the bad view directions can be transformed to bad view directions, the viewing angle characteristic of liquid crystal display cells raising like this.
(other item)
(1) present embodiment 2 is that liquid crystal display cells at the vertical orientation type is described, still, and equally for optical compensation band (OCB; Optically Compensated Bend) liquid crystal display cells of type still has the problem of the viewing angle characteristic of same brightness reduction.In the liquid crystal display cells of OCB type, the directed liquid crystal layer of band is held between a pair of substrate, in the outside of above-mentioned 2 substrates, is stacked with polarizer and polarized light piece.Same in the liquid crystal display cells of this OCB type, owing to the optical axis converter plate that is provided with as the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, viewing angle characteristic is improved.
(2) in the present embodiment, as above-mentioned optical axis converter plate 110, employing is as this end of Rumi (Le ミ ス テ ィ) film Y2070 (trade name) of anisotropy element, but this plate is not limited thereto, and also can adopt cross sectional shape is the so asymmetric refracting element of zigzag.
(3) present embodiment is to be described at the situation that the viewing angle characteristic that makes liquid crystal display cells improves, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the contrast of frontal is improved.Such as, as shown in figure 17, optical axis converter plate 110 ' shown in Figure 7 is not set, and optical axis converter plate 110 ' is set to replace optical axis converter plate 110, make the light of advancing transform to frontal along direction up, the density of the light of frontal is improved.Thus, can be at an easy rate corresponding to the equipment of the confidential mode that portable phone etc. must be arranged.

Claims (45)

1. a liquid crystal display cells is characterized in that, this element comprises:
The 1st light mapping device of advancing, it compensates optical characteristics;
The 2nd light mapping device of advancing, it is not to compensating by above-mentioned the 1st light optical characteristics that mapping device compensates of advancing.
2. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned optical characteristics is a viewing angle characteristic.
3. liquid crystal display cells, liquid crystal layer is held between a pair of substrate, and this element has the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device that the viewing angle characteristic that makes the direction except the bad view directions of a certain direction improves, it is characterized in that,
This liquid crystal display cells comprises the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, and the direct of travel of the part of the light that this mechanism will advance beyond the above-mentioned bad view directions transforms to bad view directions.
4. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that, only the bad view directions that produces at the above-mentioned the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device is the visual angle reverse directions.
5. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, liquid crystal molecule in the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is twisted orientation, and above-mentioned bad view directions is the long axis direction of liquid crystal molecule, and this liquid crystal molecule is located at the pars intermedia of thickness direction of liquid crystal layer that liquid crystal layer is applied the occasion of specific voltage.
6. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the above-mentioned the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device is for pasting the phase compensator of paying on the outside of at least one substrate, this phase compensator is formed by following composition, said composition comprises from optics says to have the anisotropic optical media of refractive index, this optical media tilts along the thickness direction of above-mentioned phase compensator, and this angle of inclination changes along thickness direction.
7. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the above-mentioned the 1st smooth direct of travel mapping device is for pasting the phase compensator of paying on the outside of at least one substrate, and this phase compensator has birefringence, and above-mentioned birefringence changes along thickness direction.
8. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the optical media in the above-mentioned phase compensator says to have the negative index anisotropy from optics.
9. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 8 is characterized in that above-mentioned optical media is formed by the composition with discoid liquid crystal liquid crystal property.
10. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the optical media in the above-mentioned phase compensator says to have the positive refracting power anisotropy from optics.
11. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 10 is characterized in that, above-mentioned optical media is formed by the composition with liquid crystal liquid crystal property.
12. a liquid crystal display cells, liquid crystal layer is held between a pair of substrate, it is characterized in that, this element has the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, and the part of the light that this mechanism will advance along the direction that brightness does not reduce transforms to the direction that brightness reduces.
13. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 12 is characterized in that, above-mentioned liquid crystal display cells is the vertical orientation type.
14. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 12 is characterized in that, above-mentioned liquid crystal display cells is the OCB type.
15. a liquid crystal display cells, liquid crystal layer are held between a pair of substrate, have bad visual angle along certain specific direction, it is characterized in that,
This element has the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device, and this mechanism will be along except above-mentioned bad view directions and the part of the light of advancing transforms to bad view directions.
16. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 15 is characterized in that, above-mentioned liquid crystal display cells is the vertical orientation type, and the liquid crystal molecule in the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer has such characteristic, promptly has anisotropy by applying voltage, and run-off the straight.
17. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the optical axis converter plate of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device for constituting by the anisotropic scattering element.
18. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 17 is characterized in that, is stacked with the different material of multilayer refractive index in the above-mentioned optical axis converter plate.
19. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the optical axis converter plate of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device for being made of asymmetric refracting element.
20. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 19 is characterized in that, above-mentioned optical axis converter plate is the asymmetric refracting element of cross section indentation.
21. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 19 is characterized in that, above-mentioned optical axis converter plate is asymmetric micro lens.
22. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 17 is characterized in that, it is provided with the anti-locking mechanism of reflection that is used to prevent external light reflection.
23. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 22 is characterized in that, the anti-locking mechanism of above-mentioned reflection is an antireflection film, and it is formed on the surface of polarized light piece in the outside of the substrate that is arranged on face side.
24. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 22 is characterized in that, the anti-locking mechanism of above-mentioned reflection is a jog, and this jog is formed on the surface of polarized light piece in the outside of the substrate that is arranged on face side.
25. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 22 is characterized in that, the anti-locking mechanism of above-mentioned reflection is such form, and the polarized light piece that promptly is arranged at inside and outside two sides on the outside of substrate of inboard and face side is a circularly polarizing plate.
26. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 17, it is characterized in that, pass through the length of direction of direct of travel conversion that the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device makes light less than the occasion of 400 μ m in having a plurality of pixels, this pixel, the scattering angle amplitude of above-mentioned anisotropic scattering element is less than 70 °.
27. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 17, it is characterized in that, pass through the length of direction of direct of travel conversion that the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device makes light less than the occasion of 100 μ m in having a plurality of pixels, this pixel, the scattering angle amplitude of above-mentioned anisotropic scattering element is less than 40 °.
28. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that, by the occasion that Δ n represents, the thickness of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is represented by d, their product Δ nd is less than 0.42 in the refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal.
29. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that, by the occasion that Δ n represents, the thickness of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is represented by d, their product Δ nd is less than 0.4 in the refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal.
30. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the distortion angle of the liquid crystal molecule in the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer carries out warped orientation in 90 °～100 ° scope.
31. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in the occasion of seeing display surface from the front, to the substrate of above-mentioned inboard carry out from lower right to the upper left side to directional process, to above-mentioned outside substrate carry out from upper right to the lower left to directional process.
32. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in the occasion of seeing display surface from the front, to the substrate of above-mentioned inboard carry out from upper right to the lower left to directional process, to above-mentioned outside substrate carry out from lower right to the upper left side to directional process.
33. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the liquid crystal molecule of the pars intermedia of the thickness direction in the liquid crystal layer is under the state that shows medium tone, and the substrate in the outside presents towards the posture that tilts relatively.
34. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that, it is provided with optically focused mechanism, and this mechanism is in the zone of reducing because of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device light quantity, gathered light.
35. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 34 is characterized in that, the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device and above-mentioned optically focused mechanism are complementary.
36. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 34 is characterized in that, above-mentioned optically focused mechanism carries out optically focused at the frontal with the normal direction of display surface as the angular regions at center.
37. liquid crystal display cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that, it is provided with along the optically focused mechanism of bad view directions direction gathered light in addition.
38., it is characterized in that it is provided with the mechanism that carries out optically focused in the angular regions that with the frontal as the normal direction of display surface is the center according to the described liquid crystal display cells of claim 37.
39. a liquid crystal display cells is characterized in that, is provided with back reflecting mechanism in the rear side of the described liquid crystal display cells of claim 3, the light quantity angular distribution of this back of the body irradiation comprises a plurality of peak values.
40. liquid crystal display cells, it is characterized in that be provided with back reflecting mechanism in the rear side of the described liquid crystal display cells of claim 3, this back of the body irradiation comprises optically focused mechanism, this mechanism carries out optically focused in the zone of reducing because of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device light quantity.
41., it is characterized in that the light quantity angular distribution has a plurality of peak values according to the mode of compensation because of the light quantity of the above-mentioned the 2nd smooth direct of travel mapping device minimizing according to the described liquid crystal display cells of claim 39.
42., it is characterized in that above-mentioned back reflecting mechanism comprises light guide plate according to the described liquid crystal display cells of claim 39, this light guide plate comprises to be made light carry out the scattering mechanism of scattering and makes light along orienting reflex mechanism that prescribed direction penetrates selectively.
43. according to the described liquid crystal display cells of claim 39, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned back reflecting mechanism has light guide plate, this light guide plate includes and selectively makes the orienting reflex mechanism of light along the prescribed direction ejaculation, above-mentioned orienting reflex mechanism has a plurality of recesses that form on above-mentioned light guide plate, above-mentioned a plurality of recesses have a plurality of degree of tilt.
44. according to the described liquid crystal display cells of claim 39, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned back reflecting mechanism has film, this film includes and selectively makes the orienting reflex mechanism of light along the prescribed direction ejaculation, this orienting reflex mechanism comprises a plurality of recesses that are formed on the above-mentioned film, and above-mentioned a plurality of recesses have a plurality of degree of tilt.
45. a back reflecting mechanism is characterized in that, is provided with optically focused mechanism in the rear side of the described liquid crystal display cells of claim 3, it is carrying out optically focused in the zone of reducing because of the advanced direction transformation of above-mentioned the 2nd light mechanism light quantity.
CN00118496A 1999-05-17 2000-05-17 Liquid crystal displaying component, back reflecting mechanism and liquid crystal displaying device adopting same Pending CN1274143A (en)

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