CN1273701A - Antnena unit with multilayer structure - Google Patents

Antnena unit with multilayer structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1273701A
CN1273701A CN98809845A CN98809845A CN1273701A CN 1273701 A CN1273701 A CN 1273701A CN 98809845 A CN98809845 A CN 98809845A CN 98809845 A CN98809845 A CN 98809845A CN 1273701 A CN1273701 A CN 1273701A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
antenna element
grid
antenna
layer
paster
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Granted
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CN98809845A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1139144C (en
Inventor
H·舍夫特
A·G·德尔尼赖德
J·S·雷尼夫乔德
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Publication of CN1273701A publication Critical patent/CN1273701A/en
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Publication of CN1139144C publication Critical patent/CN1139144C/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antenna unit (101) capable of operating in a satellite communication mode. The antenna unit (101) comprises interleaved circular patches for transmitting (102) and receiving (103) radio signals periodically arranged in a first and a second layer. The patches for transmitting (102) in the first layer are arranged in a first lattice (104) and the patches for receiving (103) in the second layer are arranged in a second lattice (105). The first lattice (104) is interleaved with the second lattice (105). Every other patch for transmitting (102) in the first layer has a corresponding patch for receiving (103) in the second layer, where each of the patches for receiving (103) is arranged in such a way that a centre axis of the patches for receiving (103) coincides with a centre axis of the corresponding patch for transmitting (102).

Description

A kind of antenna element that has sandwich construction
The invention technical field
The present invention relates to have the antenna element of sandwich construction and similar type interleaved antenna element, be used for transmitting and receiving radio signal in satellite communication system.
The relevant technologies explanation
One type of radio communication is a cellular mobile communication, and wherein portable radio unit is communicated by letter by the mobile base station, ground mutually or with fixed cell.Usually be known at portable radio unit near 9000 megahertzes or 1800-1900 megahertz (MHz) frequency emission and received signal, mobile phone for example.
Another wireless communication type has become important, i.e. satellite communication now.
In the near future, we will predict via satellite and directly communicate by letter with portable radio unit.Satellite can pass to owing to lack necessary cellular antenna tower, and base station or compatibility standard make the portable radio unit of cellular communication in can not territory of use.This satellite communication can be specified 2 GHzs (GHz) frequency band and 20/30GHz frequency band.Several systems with High Data Rate (64kbps and 2Mbps) are just at programming phase.
The satellite of this system can be dissimilar, such as GEO (static over the ground Earth's orbit), ICO (middle circuit orbit), LEO (Low Earth Orbit) or HEO (HEO).
Satellite antenna is generally circular polarization because cellular antenna is generally linear polarization, so think and communicate by letter with satellite mode for honeycomb, dissimilar antennas is necessary.Further difference is that the satellite communication mode relates to the directivity element, wherein can increase link margin when the satellite aerial directing satellite on the portable radio unit, and cellular communication mode does not have this directivity element usually.Therefore, the satellite antenna structure is very important.
United States Patent (USP) with open number 5434580 has been described the multi-frequency radiant array antenna, and this antenna comprises the composite component that has the first kind microband paste radiant element and the second class wire radiation element.The hole that these wire radiation elements pass in each microband paste radiant element is connected on the coaxial cable.The purpose of this invention is to provide the antenna that has with the single one physical surface of two dissimilar radiating elements with saving in weight and space on satellite.
This array antenna comprises that the extra lead radiant element is placed in the hexagon or square lattice of composite component.
It is the common antennas that use of two frequencies that the Japan Patent that has an open number 8213835 has been described.This antenna comprises the first and second circular patch antennas.The coaxial installation on first paster antenna of this second paster antenna.Dielectric layer has been installed between antenna.Another dielectric layer that has earthing conductor and filter element has been installed under first paster antenna.The purpose of this antenna provide transmit and receive between the signal high-insulation and without any extra large scale and valuable signal isolation device antenna multicoupler for example.
The Japan Patent that has open number 7321548 has been described microstrip antenna.This antenna is included in the disk paster antenna in layer structure, ring attaching chip antenna and the earthing conductor that has the slit.
The purpose of this antenna provides at the high-insulation that transmits and receives between the signal.
The United States Patent (USP) that has open number 5561434 has been described the dual band phased array antenna, comprises the first and second class antennas.First kind antenna has the grid antenna element and is used for lower frequency.The second class antenna is to become row and column to install with patch array as the antenna that antenna element is used for upper frequency.Grid antenna element in first antenna is transparent for the upper frequency from paster in second antenna.
The United States Patent (USP) that has an open number 4903033 has been described plane biorthogonal poliarizing antenna and has been had radiation patch on first dielectric.Ground plate is installed in and has two mutual rectangular prolongation coupling apertures under first dielectric.
One or two the tuning layer that has no aperture tuned cell can be inserted between first dielectric and the ground plate, is the bandwidth of expansion and tuning this antenna.
The Japan Patent that has open number 4-40003 has been described the two frequency band array antennas that have rectangular patch.This paster uses two orthogonally polarized wave co-operation in height and low-frequency band.The paster that is used for high frequency band is installed in a dielectric, and this dielectric is installed in the paster that is used for low-frequency band successively.Each paster that is used for low-frequency band is installed under the paster that is used for high frequency band.
As in this finding, disclosed each antenna is structurally different with satellite antenna of the present invention in these patents.
General introduction
The invention solves a large amount of problems of relevant antenna element.
If the area of antenna element has to be restricted to the physical dimension of radio unit, transmitting and receiving the integrated of device in antenna element and the radio unit is a problem.
If the area of antenna element is limited and/or be on-plane surface, obtaining high antenna directivity is another problem.
If antenna element must utilize it to transmit and receive the wave beam search, follow the tracks of and follow distant place satellite, another problem can appear.
This requirement transmits and receives device and has rotatable wave beam, the direction that this beam position is substantially the same.
Another problem is to provide device as well as possible to be used for antenna element and to transmit and receive the independent of frequency band and select, and for example is used to transmit and receive the number of antenna elements of device and antenna element and is installed in wherein grid.
When right/from the radio signal of antenna element since low power output or owing to radio-ray path in have when weakening another problem can occur.This need have the radio unit antenna high-gain of additional chain circuit surplus.
Another problem can appear when the frequency that is used to transmit and receive must separate very widely.The quantity of the antenna element that this need be used to transmit and receive and size must be flexibly.
When emission or received beam another problem can occur when having upper frequency, the wave beam that wherein has upper frequency bears the path loss higher than other wave beam.
This need transmit and receive device and be installed in the substantially the same geometric area.
According to the problems referred to above, main purpose of the present invention provides the antenna element that can be operated under the satellite communication mode.
Another object of the present invention provides the antenna element that can be integrated in the portable radio unit, wherein said antenna and radio unit casing syntype.
Another object of the present invention provides antenna element, and wherein the device that transmits and receives of this antenna is shared identical aperture and had the scan volume (scan volume) that equates basically.
Another object of the present invention provides antenna element, has the rotatable antenna wave beam that is used to transmit and receive that points to substantially the same direction.
Another object of the present invention provides antenna element, and this antenna element can switch its antenna beam direction and need not any mechanical device.
Another object of the present invention provides the antenna element of high directivity.
Another object of the present invention provides antenna element, and this antenna element can obtain high antenna gain to increase the surplus of link budget in portable radio unit physical dimension limited field.
According to the present invention, a kind of antenna element that has reception and emitter is disclosed.This antenna element comprises two phased array antenna of the radiant element that has in sandwich construction.
More specifically, this antenna element comprises two staggered phased array antenna, has with the periodically radiant element of the similar type of transformable sandwich construction, for example paster or slit.To/rotated and point to substantially the same direction by electricity from the reception and the launching beam of this array.
The invention has the advantages that this antenna element can be installed on the restricted non-planar antennas cellar area and still obtain high antenna directivity.
Other advantage is to transmit and receive the approximately uniform direction of beam position for what transmit and receive the approximately uniform scan volume of device and this antenna element.
Another advantage is that this antenna element can set up enough sharp-pointed wave beam to select in several Aerospace Satellites, and these satellites can be observed from ground this antenna element position.
Additional advantage is that this antenna element does not have can vitiable movable part, and this antenna element wave beam is rotating, high directivity and they have the high-gain of transmitting and receiving.
Brief description
These above-mentioned purposes of the present invention and further feature in conjunction with the drawings also will be clearer with reference to following explanation.
Fig. 1 is the figure of antenna element first embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 a-c is the sectional view according to the antenna element of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the diagram of paster first figure.
Fig. 4 is the diagram of paster second graph.
Fig. 5 is the figure according to the part of Fig. 4 figure.
Fig. 6 is the figure of second embodiment of antenna element according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 a-c is the sectional view according to the antenna element of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the diagram of slit figure.
Fig. 9 is the sectional view that has the antenna element of beam-forming network.
Embodiment describes in detail
Fig. 1 has illustrated the figure according to first embodiment of circular polarized antenna of the present invention unit 101.This antenna element 101 comprises first and second phased array antenna, has circular patch as radiator antenna element.This phased array antenna 200a, 200b is interlaced and be embedded in the sandwich construction in the antenna element 101, illustrates in Fig. 2 b-c respectively.
Phased array antenna generally includes the separate antenna element of similar type, generally is distributed in antenna surface regularly.Each separate antenna element is connected to beam-forming network, and wherein the interelement phase shift is set to predetermined value and provides needed radiation diagram.
The first phased array antenna 200a comprises the paster 102 that is used to launch, and is installed in first grid 104.The second phased array antenna 200b comprises and is used to receive paster 103, is installed in second grid 105.Fig. 1 represents the example for first and second grid, first figure.Be used to receive paster 103 and be represented by dotted lines, they be used for launching paster 102 at different layers.In Fig. 1, use chain-dotted line 104,105 expressions first and second grid respectively.
Be used to launch paster 102 less than but quantity receives paster 103 more than being used to be higher than and be used to the frequency that receives radio signals because be used for the transmitted radio signal frequency.
Be used to receive paster 103 and can be used for emission in another way, can be used for receiving and be used to launch paster 102, if the frequency that receives radio signals is higher than institute's transmitted radio signal frequency.
According to Fig. 2 a along the line of A-A shown in Fig. 1 sectional view, have first grid 104 that is used for launching paster 102 and be installed in ground floor 204, be installed in the second layer 205 and have second grid 105 that is used for receiving paster 103.First dielectric body 201 has been installed respectively between first and second layer 204,205.The ground plate 203 that comprises electric conducting material is installed in the 3rd layer 206.Second dielectric body 202 has been installed respectively between second and the 3rd layer 205,206.
Being used in the ground floor 204 launch paster 102 each have the first central shaft C1a and pass described the first, the second and the 3rd layer of 204,205,206 vertical extent respectively.Each that is used to receive paster 103 in the second layer 205 has the second central shaft C2a and passes described the first, the second and the 3rd layer of 204,205,206 vertical extent respectively.
Fig. 2 b represents that the first phased array antenna 200a and the second phased array antenna 200b interlock.The parts of the ground plate 203 in the 3rd layer 206 dot, and these parts do not belong to the first array antenna 200a.
Fig. 2 c represents that the second phased array antenna 200b and the first phased array antenna 200a interlock.Being used to of the first phased array antenna 200a launches paster 102 and dots, and they are not the parts of the second array antenna 200b.The ground plate 203 in the 3rd layer 206 and first dielectric body 201 are respectively for two array antenna 200a, and 200b is public.Fig. 3 represents the part of first example of first and second grid 104,105, form respectively first figure wherein four in the ground floor 204 be used to launch paster 302a-d and be mounted to square 301.Their each central shaft C1a is positioned on the angle of square 301.Paster 302a is that first four-function that is used for launching the paster and first grid 104 is installed in emission paster 302d diagonal angle.This square 301 dots in the figure.Along square one side of 301 from a central shaft C1a to another central shaft C1a apart from d 1Determine to avoid producing the palisade lobe by tranmitting frequency with known manner.
Fig. 2 a is seen in first being used for receiving paster 303a and being used to launch the mode that the central shaft C1a of paster 302a overlaps with the central shaft C2a and first of the first paster 303a and being installed in the second layer 205 in second grid 105.Second being used for receiving paster 303b and being installed in the second layer 205 with four-function in the mode that the central shaft C1a of emission paster 302d overlaps in second grid 105 with the central shaft C2a of the second paster 303b.
According to following explanation, be used to launch paster 302a-d and be used to receive the various nodes that transmit and receive of paster 303a-b qualification:
First being used to launch paster 302a and limiting first transmitting node in first grid 104;
Four-function in first grid 104 limits the 4th transmitting node in emission paster 302d;
First being used to receive paster 303a and limiting first receiving node in second grid 105;
Second being used to receive paster 303b and limiting second receiving node in second grid 105;
For two phased array antenna 200a in the antenna element 101,200b defines the first common node 304a to first receiving node of first transmitting node of first grid 104 in ground floor 204 and second grid 105 in the second layer 205 respectively.
For two phased array antenna 200a in the antenna element 101,200b defines the second common node 304b to second receiving node of the 4th transmitting node of first grid 104 in ground floor 204 and second grid 105 in the second layer 205 respectively.
Be used for launching paster 302a-d and work to drive paster for the first phased array antenna 200a respectively at ground floor 204.Be used for receiving paster 303a and 303b and work to drive paster for the second phased array antenna 200b at the second layer 205.At the first and second common node 304a, among the 304b, being used in ground floor 204 launched paster 303a respectively, and 303b receives paster 303a for being respectively applied in the second layer 205, and 303b plays parasitic antenna respectively.For two phased array antenna 200a in the antenna element 101,200b plays ground plate 203 respectively to ground plate 203 in the 3rd layer 206.
According to Fig. 3, first figure of first and second grid 104,105 such as Fig. 1 finding repeat in entire antenna unit 101 respectively.This means described first and second grid 104,105 respectively with in second grid 105 each be used for receiving the paster 103 and first grid 104 all other be used to launch paster 102 to form the mode of common nodes 106 interlaced.
Being used in ground floor 204 launch paster 102 with the second layer be used to receive paster 103 and be arranged in two staggered grid 104 respectively, in 105, (paster quantity changes by periodic mode in antenna element 101 to constitute periodicity sandwich construction in the antenna element 101 thus.)
Staggered respectively grid 104,105 makes that respectively for the first and second phased array antenna 200a, the different wave length of 200b adopts rectangle in antenna element 101, and triangle, pentagon or hexagon constitute first grid 104 becomes possibility.
Fig. 4 represents second example of first and second grid 404,405, has circular patch respectively as the radiator antenna element 402,403 in antenna element 101.
Fig. 5 represents to form respectively the part of first and second grid, 404,405 second examples of second graph.First grid 404 in ground floor 204 has and is arranged in mode on 501 jiaos of the hexagons with each central shaft C1a and is installed in six of unified hexagon 501 and is used to launch paster 502a-f (hexagonal lattice).Hexagon 501 dots in the figure.A center patch 502g who is used to launch is installed in the middle of the hexagon 501.
Along hexagon 501 on one side from central shaft C1a to another central shaft C1a apart from d 2Determine to avoid producing the palisade lobe by tranmitting frequency with known manner.
First being used for receiving paster 503a and being installed in the second layer 205 with the mode that the central shaft C1a of the center patch 502g that is used to launch overlaps in second grid 405 with the central shaft C2a of the first paster 503a.
The center patch 502g that is used for launching defines first transmitting node at first grid 404.
First is used for receiving paster 503a defines first receiving node at second grid 405.
For two phased array antenna 200a in antenna element 101,200b defines common node 504 to first receiving node of first transmitting node of first grid 404 in ground floor 204 and second grid 405 in the second layer 205 respectively.
Being used in ground floor 204 launches paster 502a-g and works to drive paster respectively for the first phased array antenna 200a.Being used in the second layer 205 receives paster 503a and works to drive paster for the second phased array antenna 200b.In common node 504 being used in ground floor 204 launch paster 502g for the second layer 205 be used to receive paster 503a and play parasitic antenna.For two phased array antenna 200a in the antenna element 101,200b plays ground plate 203 to ground plate 203 in the 3rd layer 206 respectively.
The mode that has a public paster 406 with three adjacent hexagons 501 that are used to launch paster 402 respectively in entire antenna unit 101 according to the second graph of Fig. 5 first and second grid 404,405 repeats, and sees Fig. 4.
Staggered grid 404,405 makes that respectively for the first and second phased array antenna 200a, the different wave length of 200b adopts rectangle in antenna element 101 respectively, triangle, and pentagon or hexagon figure constitute first grid 404 becomes possibility.
The shape that is used to transmit and receive paster in antenna element 101 can be for example circle or rectangle.The paster of rectangular shape is not represented in any figure.
Fig. 6 has illustrated according to the present invention the figure of second example of circular polarized antenna unit 601.This antenna element 601 comprises first and second phased array antenna, has the cross slit as radiator antenna element.This phased array antenna 700a, 700b illustrate in Fig. 7 b-c respectively, and interlaced and be embedded in the sandwich construction in the antenna element 601.
The first phased array antenna 700a comprises being installed in and is used for receiving slit 603 in first grid 604.
The second phased array antenna 700b comprises that being installed in being used in second grid 605 launches slit 602.
Fig. 6 represents the example of first and second checker patterns.First and second grid are used chain-dotted line 604,605 expressions respectively in Fig. 6.
The cross slit 602 that is used to launch in second grid 605 is represented by dotted lines, they with in first grid 604, be used for receiving slit 603 at different layers.
In first grid 604 each is used for the center that receiving slit 603 is installed in the rectangle ground plate 606 of limited area.This means slit 603 with rectangle ground plate 606 equal numbers.This rectangle ground plate 606 is enough big on electromagnetism, can be installed in first grid 604 but be small enough to.
Be used to launch slit 602 less than and quantitatively more than being used for receiving slit 603, be higher than the frequency that is received radio signals because be used for the frequency of transmitted radio signal.
If the frequency that receives radio signals is higher than institute's transmitted radio signal frequency, is used for receiving slit 603 and can be used for emission in another way and be used to launch slit 602 can being used for receiving.
Ground plate 606 can have other shape and non-rectangle, and is for example circular.
In antenna element 601, be used to transmit and receive the slit and can have other shape but not cross, for example be installed in the linear slit of quadrature centering.Fig. 7 a according to along the sectional view of the B-B line shown in Fig. 6 has first grid 604 that is used for receiving slit 603 and is installed in ground floor 702, is installed in the conduction second layer 703 and have first grid 605 that is used for launching slit 602.
First dielectric body 201 has been installed respectively between first and second layer 702,703.The ground plate 203 that comprises electric conducting material is installed in the 3rd layer 704.Between the second layer and the 3rd layer 703,704, second dielectric body 202 has been installed respectively.
In ground floor 702 each is used for receiving slit 603 to be had the second central shaft C2b and passes described the first, the second and the 3rd layer of 702,703,704 vertical extent respectively.In the second layer 703 each is used to launch slit 602 to be had the first central shaft C1b and passes described the first, the second and the 3rd layer of 702,703,704 vertical extent respectively.
Fig. 7 b represents the first phased array antenna 700a staggered with the second phased array antenna 700b, wherein has the conduction second layer 703 that is used for launching slit 602 and plays the solid ground plate that do not disturbed by this slit 602 at the second phased array antenna 700b.The remainder of the second phased array antenna 700b is a dotted line.
Fig. 7 c represents the second staggered phased array antenna 700b with the first phased array antenna 700a, and wherein the receiving slit 603 that is used for of the first phased array antenna 700a is dotted lines.
Fig. 8 represents to form respectively the part of first and second grid, 604,605 examples of figure, and wherein 4 in the second layer 703 are used to launch slit 802a-d and are mounted to square 801.Their each central shaft C1b is positioned on the angle of square 801.First is used for launching slit 802a becomes the diagonal angle to install with the four-function of second grid 605 of antenna element 601 in emission slit 802d.This square dots in the drawings.
Along square 801 on one side from a central shaft C1b to another central shaft C1b apart from d 3Determine to avoid producing the palisade lobe by tranmitting frequency with known manner.
In first grid 604 first is used for receiving slit 803a and is installed in ground floor 702 with the first central shaft C2b that is used for launching slit 803a with the mode that the central shaft C1b of the slit 802a of the second layer 703 overlaps, and sees Fig. 7 a.
See Fig. 8, second is used for receiving slit 803b is installed in the ground floor 702 in the mode that the central shaft C1b of emission slit 802d overlaps with the four-function of the second layer 703 with the central shaft C2b of the second slit 803b.
Be used to launch slit 802a-d and be used for the various nodes that transmit and receive of receiving slit 803a-b qualification according to following explanation:
First being used to launch slit 802a and limiting first transmitting node in second grid 605;
Four-function in second grid 605 limits the 4th transmitting node in emission slit 802d;
First being used for receiving slit 803a and limiting first receiving node in first grid 604;
Second being used for receiving slit 803b and limiting second receiving node in first grid 604;
In first grid 604 first receiving node and in second grid 605 first transmitting node define respectively for two phased array antenna 700a in the antenna element 601, first common node of 700b.
Second receiving node in first grid 604 and the 4th transmitting node in second grid 605 define respectively for two phased array antenna 700a in the antenna element 601, second common node of 700b.
Be used for receiving slit 803a and 803b in ground floor 702 work to drive the slit for the first phased array antenna 700a.Being used in the second layer 703 launches slit 802a-d and has as first function that drives the slit with for the receive frequency that is lower than tranmitting frequency of the first phased array antenna 700a for the second phased array antenna 700b and have second function as ground plate.The conduction second layer 205 that is used for launching slit 802a-802d wherein has been installed has been played single ground plate for the first phased array antenna 700a of antenna element 601.
Ground plate 203 in the 3rd layer plays single ground plate 203 for the second phased array antenna 700b in the antenna element 601.
Figure according to Fig. 8 first and second grid 604,605 repeats in entire antenna unit 601 respectively, as Fig. 6 finding.This means as Fig. 7 a finding each in first grid 604 be used for receiving slit 603 with second grid 605 all other be used to launch slit 602 and form common nodes 607.
In ground floor 702 be used for receiving slit 603 and the second layer 703 be used for launch slit 602 and be installed in two staggered grid, this has constituted periodically sandwich construction in antenna element 601.
Staggered grid 604,605 in antenna element 601 makes that respectively the different wave length of 700b adopts rectangle respectively for the first and second phased array antenna 700a, triangle, and pentagon or hexagon figure constitute second grid 605 becomes possibility.
According to Fig. 8, size in antenna element 601 between the slit and distance are determined to avoid producing the palisade lobe by transmitting and receiving frequency in known manner.
Antenna element 101 of the present invention and 601 each comprise beam-forming network with known manner right/distribute from RF (radio frequency) power in paster and slit in the antenna element 101.
Fig. 9 has illustrated that two analogue phases of the radiant element 903 that is connected respectively to respective antenna unit 101,601 and 904 postpone beam-forming network 901a, the example of 901b.Symbol among the figure represents that phase place is changed.
Wave beam forms and also can be realized by Digital Signal Processing on IF or base band frequency level.
Antenna element 101 and 601 can be used for the frequency of about 10GHz as example.
As the example of the ratio between transmission and frequency band and these frequency bands, can propose 20 and the 30GHz frequency band be respectively applied for and receive and emission, this ratio that provides between the frequency band is 1.5.

Claims (29)

1. an antenna element (101) has the sandwich construction that is used to transmit and receive radio signal, comprising:
First (200a) and second (200b) array antenna;
Ground floor (204) have be installed in a plurality of antenna elements of being used for transmitted radio signal in first grid (104,404) (102,302a-d, 402,502a-g);
The second layer (205) have be installed in a plurality of antenna elements of being used to receive radio signals in second grid (105,405) (103,303a-b, 403,503a);
Form the 3rd layer (206) of the electric conducting material of ground plate (203);
Be installed in first dielectric layer (201) between described first (204) and second (205) layer;
Be installed in second dielectric layer (202) between described second (205) and the 3rd (206) layer; And
Wherein said antenna element (101) has the electricity rotation and transmits and receives wave beam;
Be characterised in that described first (200a) and second (200b) array antenna are embedded in the described antenna element (101) with periodicity sandwich construction (Fig. 2 a-c), wherein has the ability of pointing to substantially the same direction in substantially the same scan volume as described first grid (104) of described array antenna (200a) part and as described second grid (105) of described second array antenna (200b) part wave beam that transmits and receives staggered and wherein said antenna element (101).
2. a kind of antenna element described in claim 1,
Be characterised in that described first (200a) and second (200b) array antenna be phased array antenna and wherein said be used for the reception antenna element (103,303a-b, 403,503a) with described be used for transmit antenna element (102,302a-d, 402,502a-g) be similar type.
3. a kind of antenna element described in claim 1 or 2,
Be characterised in that described be used for transmit antenna element (102,302a-d, 402,502a-g) be the paster of electric conducting material and have first central shaft (C1a) and pass described first (204), second (205) and the 3rd (206) layer of vertical extent.
4. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 1-3,
Be characterised in that described be used for the reception antenna element (103,303a-b, 403,503a) be the paster of electric conducting material and have second central shaft (C2a) and pass described first (204), second (205) and the 3rd (206) layer of vertical extent.
5. a kind of antenna element described in claim 4,
Be characterised in that each describedly is used to receive paster (103,303a-b, 403,503a) describedly be used to receive paster (103 with each, 303a-b, 403, other describedly is used to launch paster (302a all in described second central shaft (C2a) 503a) and described first grid (104), 302d, the mode that first central shaft (C1a) 502g) overlaps is installed in described second grid (105).
6. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 1-5,
Be characterised in that described be used for transmit antenna element (102,302a-d, 402,502a-g) and described be used for the reception antenna element (103,303a-b, 403,503a) design to such an extent that transmit and receive the circular polarization radio signal.
7. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 1-6,
Be characterised in that described first grid (104) in described ground floor (204) is rectangular grid (104).
8. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 1-6,
Be characterised in that described first grid (404) in described ground floor (204) is hexagonal lattice (404).
9. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 1-8,
Be characterised in that described antenna element (101) comprises beam-forming network (901a-b).
10. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 1-9,
Be characterised in that the described transmit antenna element (102 that is used for, 302a-d, 402,502a-g) emission and the described reception antenna element (103 that is used on first frequency, 303a-b, 403,503a) on second frequency, receive, be in approximate 1.2 to 2.0 scope wherein at the ratio between described first and second frequencies.
11. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 1-10,
Be characterised in that described be used to launch paster (102,302a-d, 402,502a-g) and described be used to receive paster (103,303a-b, 403,503a) be in shape the circle.
12. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 1-10,
Be characterised in that described be used to launch paster (102,302a-d, 402,502a-g) and described be used to receive paster (103,303a-b, 403, be rectangle in shape 503a).
13. an antenna element (601) has sandwich construction and is used to transmit and receive radio signal, comprising:
First (700a) and second (700b) array antenna;
Ground floor (702) have be installed in a plurality of antenna elements of being used to receive radio signals in first grid (604) (603,803a-b);
The second layer (703) have be installed in a plurality of antenna elements of being used for transmitted radio signal in second grid (605) (602,802a-d);
The 3rd layer (704) of electric conducting material form a ground plate (203);
First dielectric layer (201) be installed in described first (702) and the second layer (703) between;
Second dielectric layer (202) is installed between described second (703) and the 3rd layer (704); With
Wherein said antenna element (601) has the electricity rotation and transmits and receives wave beam;
Be characterised in that described first (700a) and second (700b) array antenna are embedded in the described antenna element (601) with periodicity sandwich construction (Fig. 7 a-c), wherein has the ability of pointing to substantially the same direction with substantially the same scan volume as described first grid (604) of described first array antenna (700a) part and as described second grid (605) of described second array antenna (700b) the part described wave beam that transmits and receives staggered and wherein said antenna element (601).
14. a kind of antenna element described in claim 13,
Be characterised in that described first (700a) and second (700b) array antenna be phased array antenna and wherein said be used for the reception antenna element (603,803a-b) with described be used for transmit antenna element (602,802a-d) be similar type.
15. a kind of antenna element described in claim 13 or 14,
Be characterised in that the described transmit antenna element (602 that is used for, 802a-d) be mounted in the slit in the described second layer (703) of conduction and wherein saidly be used to launch slit (602,802a-d) have first central shaft (C1b) and pass described first (702), second (703) and the 3rd (704) layer of vertical extent.
16. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 13-15,
Be characterised in that described be used for the reception antenna element (603, be to have second central shaft (C2b) to pass described first (702), second (703) and the 3rd (704) layer of vertically extending slit 803a-b).
17. a kind of antenna element described in claim 16,
Be characterised in that described ground floor (702) comprises the ground plate (606) of a large amount of size-constrained systems, wherein each described ground plate (606) comprise one described be used for receiving slit (603,803a-b)
18. a kind of antenna element described in claim 16 or 17,
Be characterised in that each described receiving slit (603 that is used for, 803a-b) with each described receiving slit (603 that is used for, other is used in described second central shaft (C2b) 803a-b) and described second grid (605) all launch the slit (802a, the mode that described first central shaft (C1b) 802d) overlaps is installed in the described ground floor (702).
19. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 16-18,
Be characterised in that described be used to launch the slit (602,802a-d) be the linear slit of being orthogonal to installing.
20. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 16-19,
Be characterised in that described be used for receiving slit (603,803a-b) be the linear slit of being orthogonal to installing.
21. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 16-18,
Be characterised in that described be used to launch the slit (602,802a-d) be the shape of similar cross.
22. as one of claim 16-18 or a kind of antenna element described in 21,
Be characterised in that described be used for receiving slit (603,803a-b) be the shape of similar cross.
23. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 16-22,
Be characterised in that each wherein has been installed describedly is used for receiving slit (603, described ground plate (606) 803a-b) is being rectangle in shape.
24. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 16-22,
Be characterised in that each wherein has been installed describedly is used for receiving slit (603, described ground plate (606) 803a-b) is being circular in shape.
25. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 13-24,
Be characterised in that described be used for transmit antenna element (602,802a-d) and described be used for the reception antenna element (603,803a-b) design to such an extent that transmit and receive the circular polarization radio signal.
26. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 13-25,
Be characterised in that described first (604) and second (605) grid in described first (702) and second (703) layer is a rectangular grid.
27. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 13-25,
Be characterised in that described second (605) grid in described second (703) layer is a hexagonal lattice.
28. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 13-27,
Be characterised in that described antenna element (601) comprises beam-forming network (901a-b).
29. a kind of antenna element described in one of claim 13-28,
Be characterised in that the described transmit antenna element (602 that is used for, 802a-d) emission and the described reception antenna element (603 that is used on first frequency, 803a-b) receiving on second frequency, is in approximate 1.2 to 2.0 scope at the ratio between described first and second frequencies wherein.
CNB988098458A 1997-10-01 1998-09-18 Antnena unit with multilayer structure Expired - Fee Related CN1139144C (en)

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BR9812574A (en) 2000-07-25

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