CN1273079A - Metric unit method of vision and equipment for examining vision - Google Patents

Abstract

A metric expression method for shape-feeling vision unit and its equipment for examining vision are disclosed, and features that the said method and equipment can scientifically, reasonably, easily and correctly express the vison units and the expression is easy to record and memorize, and thus, this invention is used for transition, substitution and elimination through selection of existent method and equipment.

Description

Metric unit method of vision and equipment for examining vision thereof

The present invention relates to a kind of right metric method and equipment for examining vision thereof of ophthalmology vision, especially use the method and the equipment for examining vision thereof of vision metric unit shape feel vision.

Shape feels that vision is that the mankind are the most basic, the most frequently used, one of most important function, and professor Snellen in 1862 proposes to write down vision with examination of visual acuity apart from the d/D mark of the ratio of the designed distance D at d and sighting target visual angle 1 ' first; Monoyer doctor in 1875 proposes first, the 11st international ophthalmology conference in 1909 passed through, with the 1/a decimal record vision of visual angle inverse; Professor's Miu Tianrong proposition in 1966, China's approval in 1989 are GB11533-89, with the five decilogs record vision of 5-loga; International Standards Organization proposed the ISO/DIS8596 draft, ratified to be ISO8596-94 in 1994 the eighties, with visual angle logarithm loga record vision; So far international medical community still mainly adopts above-mentioned several vision record.Vision decimal record 0.1 to 1.0 is every decimal 0.1 record vision, and the decimal record of 0.2 and 0.1 and 1.0 and 0.9, two pair of vision all differs 0.1, because of the visual angle ratio unequal, the actual vision difference of two pairs of visions is not only unequal, and differs several times, can not mention in the same breath at all; The visual angle ratio of mark record number is also inequality, and mark record number and decimal record number can exchange, but mark writes down less number scale record trouble.Two kinds of record numbers all can not be directly used in the curative effect comparison and the statistics of vision.Five decilogs records with light sensation, manually include shape in and feel that the visual angle of vision calculates, not only cause the error of shape feel computing formula, and cause most of five decilogs record numbers unreasonable, minority five decilogs records number is overlapping with decimal record number as 1,2,2.5,3.0,4.0,5.0 etc., causes easily and obscures.Five decilogs record number is difficult for understanding, and than the difficult memory of decimal record number, uses inconvenient, uncomfortable.Visual angle logarithm record number becomes positive correlation with the visual angle number, and the five decilogs record number of the decimal of people's life-time service record number, mark record number and China's national standard becomes negative correlation to become custom with the visual angle number, both are on the contrary, get wrong easily, visual angle logarithm record+1.0 to+0.1 1.0 to 0.1 overlapping with the decimal record, though the visual angle logarithm increases "+" symbol before being recorded in number, but both meanings are consistent on mathematics, having or not having all is the number that equates, also cause misunderstanding easily, very easily obscure; The twenty-twenty vision at visual angle 1 ', the visual angle logarithm is 0, not only do not obscure mutually with there being shape feel vision fully, and inequality with mathematical meaning, and indigestion, be difficult to be accepted widely by people, negative number representation is used less than 1 ' twenty-twenty vision in the visual angle, is lower than representing with positive number of twenty-twenty vision, all opposite with mathematical meaning, people are difficult to accept.So five decilog records of Chinese Industrial Standards (CIS) though nineteen ninety is played formal enforcement, and can carry out curative effect ratio and statistics, also expressly abrogate the decimal record simultaneously and use, still be difficult to over 10 years promote, seldom use.The visual angle logarithm record of international standard, existing more than ten years from the draft to the official standard, be difficult to so far promote, seldom adopt.Just because of this, China still is extensive use of the international standard visual acuity chart of decimal record, the external visual acuity chart that still is extensive use of Snellen formula mark record, form national standard, the vision record of international standard and visual acuity chart thereof and long-term general decimal record, mark record and visual acuity chart thereof, long-term and deposit, situation independently separately.

What important discovery of the present invention----found first in the world that medical circle exists for over 100 years more than a hundred years writes down the significant problem of vision physical quantity with numeral, and points out to cause thus existing various vision records itself can not accurately reflect the objective situation of vision, be not the accurate numerical value of vision and contradiction and the problem between all kinds of vision record.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method and equipment for examining vision thereof with vision unit's right metric shape feel vision, fundamentally, thoroughly, solve existing various vision record all sidedly and can not reflect vision exactly, not the accurate numerical value of vision, its vision record formula is not correct vision numerical formula, there are problems such as all contradiction between the various vision records, use science, rationally, easy, accurately, easily understand, easily record, easily the shape of memory feels that vision unit amount and equipment for examining vision thereof come transition, replace, eliminate now all vision records and shape feel equipment for examining vision thereof.

For achieving the above object, total design of solution of the present invention is: set shape and feel that vision (being called for short shape looks), shape feel that vision commonly used (be called for short and often look), shape feel that the visual angle ratio consequent and preceding 1 sighting target of practical vision (being called for short real looking) is

, its consequent and preceding 1 differ and be the visual angle ratio Shape look, often look, real 1 ultimate unit difference or 0.1 decimal unit's difference of looking, note is done that 1 shape is looked, often looked, real unit (ultimate unit) or 0.1 shape of looking looked, is often looked, real decimal unit of looking; Setting shape and feel that the maximum visual angle 1000 ' of visual angle----minimal visual acuity when shape is felt examination of visual acuity usually of benchmark vision (being called for short shape base vision) or shape are felt the minimum visual angle 0.1 ' of high vision, is that 1 or 0 shape feels that the shape of vision ultimate unit value (being called for short 1 or 0 shape apparent value) or 0.1 or 0 is felt vision decimal unit value (be called for short 0.1 or 0 shape and look fractional value); The visual angle----of setting benchmark vision (being called for short normal basic vision) commonly used is most of visual acuity chart first trips visual angle 10 ' or footline visual angle 0.5 ', is 1 or 0 vision ultimate unit value commonly used (being called for short 1 or 0 normal apparent value) or 0.1 or 0 vision decimal unit value commonly used (fractional value often looked in abbreviation 0.1 or 0); Set the upper limit visual angle 20 ' of the visual angle----of practical benchmark vision (being called for short real basic vision) for the blind III level of WHO, it is the practical vision decimal unit value (being called for short the 1 or 0 real fractional value of looking) of 1 or 0 practical vision ultimate unit value (being called for short 1 or 0 real apparent value) or 0.1 or 0, the ultimate unit numerical value or the decimal unit amount of vision are represented with the apparent visual acuity of its benchmark vision arbitrarily, i.e. the unit difference of the ultimate unit numerical value of certain vision=corresponding benchmark vision unit value+certain vision and benchmark vision; Decimal unit's difference of the decimal unit amount of certain vision=corresponding benchmark vision decimal unit value+certain vision and benchmark vision.

The present invention sets 1: the visual angle 1000 ' of shape feel benchmark vision, can regard shape feel minimal visual acuity as, if it is identical with its item number that the number of shape base vision unit value is set at----, be that 1 shape feels that (" * " represents the optimum selection that the present invention sets to vision ultimate unit value *, down together), the unit that shape is looked numerical value is shape week, represents with h.

Shape is looked the number of unit amount by the natural number sequence arrangement.The 1st shape feel vision H ₁Its visual angle a of=1 shape unit of looking (shape week) ₁=1000 ', n item shape feel vision H _n=n shape the unit of looking, H _n-H ₁=H _n-1 shape unit of looking, the explanation of this formula: when shape base vision is 1 shape when looking unit value, shape base vision E ₁Apparent visual acuity E _n, for shape is looked numerical value E _nDeduct 1 shape and look unit value.N item visual angle $a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=1000\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$

Both members is taken the logarithm: ${\log a}_n=\log 1000+\log {\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$

loga _n-3＝(n-1)÷y×log?X

n-1＝(y?log?a _n-3y)÷log?X

n＝(y?log?a _n-3y)÷log?X+1

H _n=n=(y log a _n-3 * y) ÷ log X+1 (1) when The shape unit of looking is h ₁*, available lower right corner symbol "." the * representative:

H _N1=(10 log a _N1-3 * 10) ÷ log 0.1+1=31-10 log a _N1(1-1) * works as The time, the shape unit of looking is h ₂:

H _N2=(9 log a _N2-3 * 9) ÷ log 0.1+1=28-9 log a _N2(1-2) when

The time, the shape unit of looking is h ₃:

H _n3＝(6?log?a _n3-3×6)÷log?0.1+1＝19-6?log?a _n3 (1-3)

If the number of shape base vision value is set at the several 0 identical of----and initial point, is 0 shape apparent value, shape feels that the number of unit amount since 0, then presses the natural number sequence arrangement.The 1st shape base vision, H ₁'=0 shape the unit of looking, its visual angle a ₁=1000 ', n item shape feel vision H _n=n-1 shape the unit of looking, H ' _n-H ₁'=H ' _n, this formula explanation: when the shape base value is 0 shape apparent value, shape base vision H ₁' apparent visual acuity E ' _n, for shape is looked numerical value H ' _nItself.N item visual angle $a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=1000\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$ Both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?1000+(n-1)×log?X÷y

log?a _n-3＝(n-1)×log?x÷y

n-1＝(y×log?a _n-3y)÷log?X

H ' _n=n-1=(y log a ' _n-3y) ÷ log X (1 ') works as q ₁=0110 o'clock, the shape unit of looking was h ' ₁:

H ' _N1=(10 log a ' _N1-3 * 10) ÷ log 0.1=30-10 log a ' _N1(1 '-1) works as q ₂=0109 o'clock, the shape unit of looking was h ' ₂:

H ' _N2=(9 log a ' _N2-3 * 9) ÷ log 0.1=27-9 log a ' _N2(1 '-2) work as q ₃=0106 o'clock, the shape unit of looking was h ' ₃:

H’ _n3＝(6?log?a’ _n3-3×6)÷log?0.1＝18-6?log?a’ _n3 (1’-3)

The present invention sets 2: practical benchmark vision visual angle is 20 ', can regard minimum life vision as, and is identical with its item number if the number of real basic vision unit value is set at----, is 1 practical vision ultimate unit value, and the unit of practical vision numerical value is real week, represents with u.

Look the number of unit amount by the natural number sequence arrangement in fact.The 1st reality vision U ₁=1 real unit of looking, its visual angle a ₁=20 ', the real vision U of n item _nThe real unit of looking of=n, U _n-U ₁=U _n-1 real unit value of looking, this formula explanation: when practical benchmark vision is 1 real apparent value, real basic vision U ₁Apparent visual acuity U _n, be U _nReality look unit amount and deduct 1 real apparent value.N item visual angle $a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=20\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$ Both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?20+(n-1)×log?X÷y

log?a _n-1.3＝(n-1)×log?X÷y

n-1＝(y?log?a _n-1.3y)÷log?X

n＝(y?log?a _n-1.3y)÷log?X+1

U _n=n=(y log a _n-1.3y) ÷ log X+1 (2) when

The time, the unit of looking is u in fact ₁*, available lower right corner symbol ", " the * representative:

U _N1=(10 log a _N1-1.3 * 10) ÷ log 0.1+1=14-10 log a _N1(2-1) * works as

The time, the unit of looking is u in fact ₂:

U _N2=(9 log a _N2-1.3 * 9) ÷ log 0.1+1=12.7-9 log a _N2(2-2) when

The time, the unit of looking is u in fact ₃:

U _n3＝(6?log?a _n3-1.3×6)÷log?0.1+1＝8.8-6?log?a _n3 (2-3)

The visual angle of practical benchmark vision is 20 ', is all 0 real apparent value if the number of real basic vision value is set at----mutually with several 0 of initial point, and the number of practical vision unit amount is since 0, and the natural number sequence arrangement is pressed in the back.The 1st the basic vision U of reality ₁=0 practical vision unit, its visual angle a ₁=20 ', the practical vision U of n item _nThe practical vision unit of=n-1, U ' _n-U ' ₁=U ' _n, this formula explanation: when practical benchmark vision is 0 real apparent value, practical benchmark vision U ₁Apparent visual acuity U _n, be the real unit amount U that looks _nItself.N item visual angle $a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=20\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$

Both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?20+(n-1)log?X÷y

log?a _n-1.3＝(n-1)×log?X÷y

n-1＝(y?log?a _n-1.3y)I?log?X

U ' _n=n-1=(y log a ' _n-1.3y) ÷ log X (2 ') when The time, the unit of looking is u in fact ₁':

U ' _N1=(10 log a ' _N1-1.3 * 10) ÷ log 0.1=13-10 log a ' _N1(2 '-1) when The time, the unit of looking is u ' in fact ₂:

U ' _N2=(9 log a ' _N2-1.3 * 9) ÷ log 0.1=11.7-9 log a ' _N2(2 '-2) when The time, the unit of looking is u in fact ₃':

U’ _n3＝(6?log?a’ _n3-1.3×6)÷log?0.1＝7.8-6?log?a’ _n3 (2’-3)

The present invention sets 3: the visual angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used, and it is identical with its item number that the number of Ruo Changji vision value is set at----, is 1 vision ultimate unit value commonly used, and the unit of vision numerical value commonly used is normal week, represents with z.

The number of often looking unit amount is by the natural number sequence arrangement.The 1st normal vision Z ₁=1 normal unit of looking, its visual angle a ₁=10 ', the n item is vision Z often _n=n is the unit of looking often, Z _n-Z ₁=Z _n-1 normal unit of looking, this formula explanation: as benchmark vision Z commonly used ₁When being 1 normal apparent value, normal basic vision Z ₁Apparent visual acuity Z _n, often look unit amount for it and deduct 1 normal apparent value.N item visual angle

$a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=10\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$ , both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?10+(n-1)log?X÷y

log?a _n-1＝(n-1)log?X÷y

n-1＝(y?log?a _n-y)÷log?X

n＝(y?log?a _n-1y)÷log?X+1

Z _n=n=(y log a _n-1y) ÷ log X+1 (3) works as the visual angle

The time, often the unit of looking is z ₁*, available lower right corner symbol ", " * representative:

Z _N1=(10 log a _N1-10) I log 0.1+1=11-10 log a _N1(3-1) * works as

The time, often the unit of looking is z ₂:

Z _N2=(9 log a _N2-9) ÷ log 0.1+1=10-9 log a _N2(3-2) when The time, often the unit of looking is z ₃:

Z _n3＝(6?log?a _n3-6)÷log?0.1+1＝7-6?log?a _n3 (3-3)

The visual angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used, the number of Ruo Changji vision value are set at the several 0 identical of----and initial point, are 0 normal apparent value, the number of using the vision unit amount always since 0 by the natural number sequence arrangement.The 1st vision Z commonly used ₁=0 vision unit commonly used, its visual angle a ₁=10 ', the n item is used vision Z ' always _n=n-1 uses vision unit, Z ' always _n-Z ' ₁=Z ' _n, this formula explanation: when benchmark vision commonly used is 0 normal apparent value, use vision Z ' always ₁Apparent visual acuity Z ' _nFor often looking unit amount Z ' _nItself.N item visual angle

$a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=10\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$ Both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?10+(n-1)×log?X?I?y

log?a _n-1＝(n-1)×log?X÷y

n-1＝(y?log?a _n-y)÷log?X

Z ' _n=n-1=(y log a ' _n-y) ÷ log X (3 ') works as the visual angle The time, often the unit of looking is z ' ₁:

Z ' _N1=(10 log a ' _N1-10) ÷ log 0.1=10-10 log a ' _N1(3 '-1) when

The time, often the unit of looking is z ' ₂:

Z ' _N2=(9 log a ' _N2-9) ÷ log 0.1=9-9 log a ' _N2(3 '-2) when

The time, often the unit of looking is z ' ₃:

Z’ _n3＝(6?log?a’ _n3-6)÷log?0.1＝6-6?log?a’ _n3 (3’-3)

The present invention sets shape feel vision H, practical vision U, vision Z commonly used and the sighting target visual angle a negative correlation of 1-3, and the vision of existing visual acuity chart record also is a negative correlation with the sighting target visual angle, and both are consistent, seriality is good, be convenient to memory, can not get wrong, can not cause confusion.The visual angle logarithm record and the sighting target visual angle positive correlation of international standard ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart, for integrating with iso standard, the present invention also sets 4 and 5.

The present invention sets 4: shape is felt the visual angle 0.1 ' of benchmark vision, can regard shape as and feel the highest vision, if the number of shape base vision value is set at the several 0 identical of----and initial point, be that 0 shape is felt vision ultimate unit value.The unit that shape is looked numerical value is shape week, represents with h.

The numerical value of shape feel unit is pressed the natural number sequence arrangement since 0.The 1st shape feel vision E ₁=0 shape feel unit, its visual angle a ₁=0.1 ', n item shape feel vision E _n=n-1 shape the unit of looking, E _n-E ₁=E _nThe shape unit of looking, this formula explanation: when shape base vision is 0 shape apparent value, shape base vision E ₁Apparent visual acuity E _n, for shape is looked unit amount E _nItself, n item visual angle

$a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=0.1\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$

Both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?0.1+(n-1)×log?X÷y

log?a _n＝-1+(n-1)×log?X÷y

n-1＝(y?log?a _n+y)÷log?X

E _n=n-1=(y log a _n+ y) ÷ log X (4) when

The time, the shape unit of looking is h ₄,

E _N1=(10 log a _N1+ 10) ÷ log 10=10+10 log a _N1(4-1) when

The time, the shape unit of looking is h ₅:

E _N2=(9 log a _N2+ 9) ÷ log 10=9+9 log a _N2(4-2) when The time, the shape unit of looking is h ₆:

E _n3＝(6?log?a _n3+6)÷log?10＝6+6?log?a _n3 (4-3)

Shape feels that the visual angle of benchmark vision is 0.1 ', and is identical with its item number if the number of shape base vision unit value is set at----, is 1 shape apparent value, and the number of the numerical value of shape feel unit is pressed the natural number sequence arrangement.The 1st shape feel vision E ' ₁=1 shape feel unit, its visual angle a ₁=0.1 ', n item shape feel vision E _n=n shape the unit of looking, E ' _n-E ' ₁=E ' _n-1 shape unit of looking, this formula explanation: when the shape base value is 1 shape apparent value, shape base vision E ' ₁Apparent visual acuity E ' _nBe shape feel vision numerical value E ' _nDeduct 1 shape and look unit value.N item visual angle

$a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=0.1\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$

Both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?0.1+(n-1)×log?X÷y

log?a _n＝-1+(n-1)×log?X÷y

n-1＝(y?log?a _n+y)÷log?X

E ' _n=n=(y log a ' _n+ y) ÷ log X+1 (4 ') when

The time, the shape unit of looking is h ₄':

E ' _N1=(10 log a ' _N1+ 10) ÷ log 10+1=11+10 log a ' _N1(4 '-1) when

The time, the unit of looking is h ₅':

E ' _N2=(9 1og a ' _N2+ 9) ÷ log 10+1=10+9 log a ' _N2(4 '-2) when

The time, the shape unit of looking is h ' ₆:

E’ _n3＝(6?log?a’ _n3+6)÷log?10+1＝7+6?log?a’ _n3 (4’-3)

The present invention sets 5: benchmark vision visual angle commonly used is 0.5 ', and it is identical with its item number that the number of Ruo Changji vision unit value is set at----, is 1 vision ultimate unit value commonly used, and the unit of vision numerical value commonly used is normal week, represents with z.

The number of often looking unit amount is by the natural number sequence arrangement.The 1st normal vision L ₁=1 normal unit of looking, its visual angle a ₁=0.5 ', the n item is vision L often _n=n is the unit of looking often, L _n-L ₁=L _n-1 normal unit of looking, this formula explanation: when benchmark vision commonly used is 1 normal apparent value, normal basic vision L ₁Apparent visual acuity L _n, for often looking unit amount L _nDeduct 1 normal apparent value.N item visual angle

$a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=0.5\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$

Both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?0.5+(n-1)×log?X÷y

log?a _n+0.3＝(n-1)×log?X÷y

n-1＝(y?log?a _n+0.3y)÷log?X

n＝(y?log?a _n+0.3y)÷log?X+1

L _n=n=(y log a _n+ 0.3y) ÷ log X+1 (5) when The time, often the unit of looking is z ₄,

L _N1=(10 log a _N1+ 0.3 * 10) ÷ log 10+1=4+10 log a _N1(5-1) when The time, often the unit of looking is z ₅:

L _N2=(9 log a _N2+ 0.3 * 9) ÷ log 10+1=3.7+9 log a _N2(5-2) when

The time, often the unit of looking is z ₆:

L _N3=(6 log a _N3+ 0.3 * 6) ÷ log 10+1=2.8+6 log a _N3(5-3) visual angle of benchmark vision commonly used is 0.5 ', and the number of Ruo Changji vision value is set at the several 0 identical of----and initial point, is 0 normal apparent value, and the number of using the vision unit amount always is pressed the natural number sequence arrangement since 0.The 1st vision L ' commonly used ₁=0 vision unit commonly used, its visual angle a ₁=0.5 ', the n item is used vision L ' always _n=n-l uses vision unit, L ' always _n-L ' ₁=L ' _n, the explanation of this formula: when benchmark vision commonly used is 0 normal apparent value, normal basic vision L ' ₁Apparent visual acuity L ' _n----is for often looking numerical value L ' _nItself.N item visual angle

$a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=0.5\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$

Both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?0.5+(n-1)log?X÷y

log?a _n+0.3＝(n-1)×log?X÷y

n-1＝(y?log?a _n+0.3y)×log?X

L ' _N1=n-1=(y log a ' _n+ 0.3y) ÷ log X (5 ') when The time, often the unit of looking is z ' ₄:

L ' _N1=(10 log a ' _N1+ 0.3 * 10) ÷ log 10=3+10 log a ' _N1(5 '-1) when

The time, often the unit of looking is z ' ₅:

L ' _N2=(9 log a ' _N2+ 0.3 * 9) ÷ log 10=2.7+9 log a ' _N2(5 '-2) when

The time, often the unit of looking is z ' ₆:

L’ _n3＝(6?log?a’ _n3+0.3×6)÷log?10＝1.8+6?log?a’ _n3 (5’-3)

The present invention sets 6: set the practical percentage of shape feel vision (being called for short vision percent or practical percent), the lower limit of P 0% is the upper limit hypermetropia angle 20 ' of blind III level, and the upper limit 100% that shape is looked practical percent is the hypermetropia angle 1 ' of twenty-twenty vision.

The ratio equalization is when the visual angle

Or

The time, shape vision H, E and the real visual angle from 20 ' to 1 ' of looking U differ 13 vision unit's differences.The shape of its 1 vision unit difference feels that the practical percent of vision, practical vision, vision commonly used is 100% ÷ 13=7.692%.The ratio equalization is when the visual angle

Or

The time, its shape feels that vision, practical vision differ 13 * 9 ÷ 10=11.7 vision unit's difference.The shape of its 1 vision unit difference feels that the practical percent of vision, practical vision, vision commonly used is 100% ÷ 11.7=8.547%.The ratio equalization is when the visual angle Or The time, its shape feels that vision, practical vision differ 13 * 6 ÷ 10=7.8 vision unit's difference.The shape of its 1 vision unit difference feels that the practical percent of vision, practical vision, vision commonly used is 100% ÷ 7.8=12.82%.When

The time: P _n=(H _{N1 is far away}-18) (6-1) * P * 7.692% _n'=(H _{N1 is far away}'-17) * 7.692% (6 '-1) P _n=(U _{N1 is far away}-1) (6-2) * P * 7.692% _n=U _{N1 is far away}' * 7.692% (6 '-2) P _n=(Z _{N1 is far away}+ 2) (6-3) * P * 7.692% _n=(Z _{N1 is far away}'+3) * 7.692% (6 '-3) when

The time: P _n=[100-(E _{N1 is far away}-10) * 7.692] % (6-4) P _n=[100-(E _{N1 is far away}'-11) * 7.692] % (6 '-4) P _n=[100-(L _{N1 is far away}-4) * 7.692] % (6-5) P _n=[100-(L _{N1 is far away}'-3) * 7.692] % (6 '-5) when

The time: P _n=(H _{N2 is far away}-16.3) (6-6) P * 8.547% _n=(H _{N2 is far away}'-15.3) * 8.547% (6 '-6) P _n=(U _{N2 is far away}-1) (6-7) P * 8.547% _n=U _{N2 is far away}' * 8.547% (6 '-7) P _n=(Z _{N2 is far away}+ 1.7) (6-8) P * 8.547% _n=(Z _{N2 is far away}'+2.7) * 8.547% (6 '-8) when

The time: P _n=[100 (E _{N2 is far away}-9) * 8.549] % (6-9) P _n=[100-(E _{N2 is far away}'-10) * 8.549] % (6-9) P _n=[100-(L _{N2 is far away}-3.7) * 8.549] % (6-10) P _n=[100-(L _{N2 is far away}'-2.7) * 8.549] % (6 '-10) when The time: P _n=(H _{N1 is far away}-11.2) (6-11) P * 12.82% _n=(H _{N1 is far away}'-10.2) * 12.82% (6 '-11) P _n=(U _{N1 is far away}-1) (6-12) P * 12.82% _n=U _{N1 is far away}' * 12.82% (6 '-12) P _n=(Z _{N1 is far away}+ 0.8) (6-13) P * 12.82% _n=(Z _{N1 is far away}'+1.8) * 12.82% (6 '-13) when

The time: P _n=[100-(E _{N1 is far away}-6) * 12.82] % (6-14) P _n=[100-(E _{N1 is far away}'-7) * 12.82] % (6 '-14) P _n=[100-(L _{N1 is far away}-2.8) * 12.82] % (6-15) P _n=[100-(L _{N1 is far away}'-1.8) * 12.82] % (6 '-15)

The present invention sets 7: shape feels that the visual angle of benchmark vision is 1000 ', its shape base vision decimal unit value is shape feel vision 0.1 a ultimate unit value, shape feel vision decimal unit amount (be called for short shape and look decimal numerical value) is 0.1 times of shape feel vision ultimate unit numerical value, the unit that shape is looked decimal numerical value was 0.1 shape week, represented with 0.1h.

Shape is looked 10 multiples of decimal unit amount by natural sequence arrangement.The 1st shape feel vision H " ₁=0.1 shape is looked ultimate unit, its visual angle a ₁=1000 ', n item shape feel vision H " _n=0.1n shape is looked ultimate unit, H " _n-H " ₁=H " _n-0.1 shape is looked ultimate unit, this formula explanation: as shape base decimal vision H " ₁Be that 0.1 shape is looked ultimate unit, shape base decimal vision H " ₁Apparent visual acuity H " _n, for its shape is looked decimal unit amount H " _nDeduct 0.1 shape and look the ultimate unit value.N item visual angle $a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=1000\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$ Both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?1000+(n-1)×log?X÷y

log?a _n-3＝(n-1)×log?X÷y

n-1＝(y?log?a _n-3y)÷log?X

n＝(y?log?a _n-3y)÷log?x+1＝H _n

H " _n=0.1n=(0.1y * log a _n-0.3y) ÷ log x+0.1=0.1H _n(7) when The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit " ₁,

H” _n1＝(log?a _n1-3)÷log?0.1+0.1＝3.1-log?a _n1＝0.1?H _n1 (7-1)

If shape feels that the visual angle of benchmark vision is 1000 ', is 0 shape apparent value, 10 multiples of shape feel decimal unit amount are since 0, and the back is by natural sequence arrangement.The 1st shape feel vision H ₁=0 shape unit of looking, its visual angle a ₁=1000 ', n item shape feel vision H _n=0.1H (n-1) the shape unit of looking, H _n-H ₁=H _n, this formula explanation: when the shape base value is 0 shape apparent value, shape base vision H ' ₁Apparent visual acuity H _n, for its shape is looked numerical value itself.N item visual angle

$a_n=a_1\×q^{n-1}=1000\text{'}\×{\left(\sqrt[y]{X}\right)}^{n-1}$

Both members is taken the logarithm:

log?a _n＝log?1000+(n-1)×log?X÷y

log?a _n-3＝(n-1)×log?X÷y

0.1×(n-1)＝0.1×(y?log?a’ _n-3y)÷log?X＝0.1H’ _n

H _n=0.1 * (n-1)=0.1H (y log a ' _n-3y) ÷ log x=0.1H ' _n(7 ') when

The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit ₁,

H _n1＝0.1×(10?log?a’ _n1-3×10)÷log?0.1＝3.0-log?a’ _n1＝0.1H’ _n1(7’-1)

Formula (7), (7-1), (7 '), (7 '-1) have illustrated: shape feels that vision adopts 0.1 basic vision unit, it is to adopt the shape of basic vision unit to look 0.1 times of numerical value that its shape is looked decimal numerical value, in the same way, often look decimal numerical value, look decimal numerical value in fact and also be suitable for: when

The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit " ₂:

H " _N2=0.1 * H _N2=0.1 * [(9 log a _N2-27) ÷ log 0.1+1]=2.8-0.9 log a _N2(7-2) when

The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit " ₃:

H " _N3=0.1 * H _N3=0.1 * [(6 log a _N3-18) ÷ log 0.1+1]=1.9-0.6 log a _N3(7-3) when

The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit ₂:

H " _N2=0.1 * H ' _N2=0.1 * (9 log a ' _N2-27) ÷ log 0.1=2.7-0.9 log a ' _N2(7 '-2) when

The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit ₃:

H _n3＝0.1×H’ _n3＝0.1×(6log?a’ _n3-18)÷log?0.1＝1.8-0.6log?a’ _n3 (7’-3)

U " _n=0.1n=0.1 * [(y log a _n-1.3 * y) ÷ log x+1]=0.1U _n(8) when The time, looking decimal unit in fact is u " ₁:

U " _N1=0.1 * U _N1=0.1 * [(10 log a _N1-13) ÷ log 0.1+1]=1.4-log a _N1(8-1) when

The time, looking decimal unit in fact is u " ₂:

U " _N2=0.1U _N2=0.1 * [(9 log a _N2-11.7) ÷ log 0.1+1]=1.27-0.9 log a _N2(8-2) when The time, looking decimal unit in fact is u " ₃

U” _n3＝0.1U _n3＝0.1×[(6?log?a _n3-7.8)÷log?0.1+1]＝0.88-0.6?log?a _n3?(8-3)

U _n=0.1 * (n-1)=0.1 * (y log a ' _n-1.3 * y) ÷ log x=0.1U ' _n(8 ') when The time, looking decimal unit in fact is u ₁:

U _N1=0.1U ' _N1=0.1 * (10 log a ' _N1-13) ÷ log 0.1=1.3-log a ' _N1(8 '-1) when

The time, looking decimal unit in fact is u ₂:

U _N2=0.1U ' _N2=0.1 * (9 log a ' _N2-11.7) ÷ log 0.1=1.17-0.9 log a ' _N2(8 '-2) when The time, looking decimal unit in fact is u ₃:

U _n3＝0.1U’ _n3＝0.1×(6?log?a’ _n3-7.8)÷log?0.1＝0.78-0.6?log?a’ _n3(8’-3)

Z " _n=0.1n=0.1 * [(y log a _n-y) ÷ log x+1]=0.1Z _n(9) when

The time, often looking decimal unit is z " ₁

Z " _N1=0.1 * Z _N1=0.1 * [(10 log a _N1-10) ÷ log 0.1+1]=1.1-log a _N1(9-1) when The time, often looking decimal unit is z " ₂:

Z " _N2=0.1 * Z _N2=0.1 * [(9 log a _N2-9) ÷ log0.1+1]=1.0-0.9 log a _N2(9-2) when The time, often looking decimal unit is z " ₃:

Z” _n3＝0.1?Z _n3＝0.1×[(6?log?an?a _n3-6)÷log?0.1+1]＝0.7-0.6?log?a _n3(9-3)

Z _n=0.1 * (n-1)=0.1 * (y log a ' _n-y) ÷ log x=0.1Z ' _n(9 ') when

The time, often looking decimal unit is z ₁:

Z _N1=0.1 * Z ' _N1=0.1 * (10 log a ' _N1-10) ÷ log 0.1=1.0-log a ' _N1(9 '-1) when

The time, often looking decimal unit is z ₂:

Z _N2=0.1 * Z ' _N2=0.1 * (9 log a ' _N2-9) ÷ log 0.1=0.9-0.9 log a ' _N2(9 '-2) when The time, often looking decimal unit is z ₃:

Z _n3＝0.1×Z’ _n3＝0.1×(6?log?a’ _n3-6)÷log?0.1＝0.6-0.6?log?a’ _n3 (9’-3)

E " _n=0.1 (n-1)=0.1 * (y log a _n+ y) ÷ log x=0.1E _n(10) when

The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit " ₄:

E " _N1=0.1 * E _N1=0.1 * (10 log a _N1+ 10) ÷ log 10=1.0+log a _N1(10-1) when The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit " ₅:

E " _N2=0.1 E _N2=0.1 * (9 log a _N2+ 9) ÷ log 10=0.9+0.9 log a _N2(10-2) when

The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit " ₆:

E” _n3＝0.1×E _n3＝0.1×(6?log?a _n3+6)÷log?10＝0.6+0.6?log?a _n3(10-3)

E _n=0.1n=0.1 * [(y log a ' _n+ y) ÷ log x+1]=0.1E ' _n(10 ') when The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit ₄:

E " _N1=0.1E ' _N1=0.1 * [(10 log a ' _N1+ 10) ÷ log 10+1]=1.1+log a ' _N1(10 '-1) when The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit ₅:

E _N2=0.1E ' _N2=0.1 * [(9 log a ' _N2+ 9) ÷ log10+1]=1.0+0.9 log a ' _N2(10 '-2) when

The time, it is h that shape is looked decimal unit ₆:

E _n3＝0.1E’ _n3＝0.1×[(6?log?a’ _n3+6)÷log10+1]＝0.7+0.6?log?a’ _n3(10’-3)

L " _n=0.1n=0.1 * [(y log a _n+ 0.3y) ÷ log x+1]=0.1L _n(11) when

The time, often looking decimal unit is z " ₄:

L " _N1=0.1L _N1=0.1 * [(10 log a _N1+ 0.3H10) ÷ log10+1]=0.4+log a _N1(11-1) when The time, often looking decimal unit is z " ₅:

L " _N2=0.1L _N2=0.1 * [(9 log a _N2+ 0.3H9) ÷ log10+1]=0.37+0.9 log a _N2(11-2) when

The time, often looking decimal unit is z " ₆:

L” _n3＝0.1L _n3＝0.1×[(6?log?a _n3+0.3H6)÷log10+1]＝0.28+0.6?log?a _n3 (11-3)

L _n=0.1 (n-1)=0.1 * (y log a ' _n+ 0.3y) ÷ log x=0.1L ' _n(11 ') when

The time, often looking decimal unit is z ₄:

L _N1=0.1L ' _N1=0.1 * (10 log a ' _N1+ 0.3 * 10) ÷ log10=0.3+log a ' _N1(11 '-1) when The time, often looking decimal unit is z ₅:

L _N2=0.1L ' _N2=0.1 * (9 log a ' _N2+ 0.3 * 9) ÷ log10=0.27+0.9 log a ' _N2(11 '-2) when

The time, often looking decimal unit is z ₆:

L _n3＝0.1L’ _n3＝0.1×(6?log?a’ _n3+0.3×6)÷log?10＝0.18+0.6?log?a’ _n3 (11’-3)

Vision unit amount commonly used, shape with ultimate unit record vision feel that vision unit amount, practical vision unit amount than easy, the easy understanding of decimal unit record, easily memory, should first-selectedly use.

When the visual angle of equipment for examining vision ratio unequal mutually, calculate vision unit amount commonly used, when shape is felt vision unit amount, practical vision unit amount, the item number n in the corresponding calculated formula that only needs the visual angle ratio is all equated changes equipment for examining vision sighting target line number m into and gets final product.All equate as the visual angle ratio to be Vision unit amount formula Z commonly used _N1=11-10 log a _N1Change the item number n in the computing formula into visual acuity chart sighting target line number m, be Z _M1=11-10 log a _M1

The vision unit amount that the visual angle ratio all equates should first-selectedly use than easy, the easy understanding of the mutual unequal vision unit amount of visual angle ratio, easily memory.

Scheme 1: a kind of ultimate unit or decimal metric unit shape feel vision with vision, shape feel vision commonly used, shape is felt in the practical vision wantonly a kind, appoint multiple method, it is characterized in that: set shape feel vision, shape feel vision commonly used, shape is felt the vision ultimate unit of practical vision or the visual angle of decimal unit and benchmark vision thereof, base's value is represented ultimate unit numerical value or the decimal unit amount that shape is looked with the apparent visual acuity ultimate unit numerical value or the decimal unit amount of benchmark vision, ultimate unit numerical value of often looking or decimal unit amount, in ultimate unit numerical value of looking in fact or the decimal unit amount wantonly a kind, appoint multiple.

Scheme 2: a kind ofly check that by hypermetropia each rower of distance, sighting target hurdle and sighting target annotates the equipment for examining vision that distant vision numerical value is formed, its feature exists: first kind vision ultimate unit numerical value or decimal unit amount----that each row of sighting target hurdle must mark are shape feel distant vision H _FarOr E _Far, distant vision Z commonly used _FarOr L _Far, practical distant vision U _Far, wantonly a kind, times is multiple among four kinds of the practical percent P of distant vision; The distant vision record----that can mark or not mark another kind of reservation is distant vision decimal record V _{1 is far away}, distant vision visual angle logarithm record L _{1 is far away}, distant vision five decilogs records L _{2 is far away}, national standard distant vision record, distant vision mark record V _{2 is far away}, V _{3 is far away}, V _{4 is far away}, V _{5 is far away}Among wantonly a kind, times multiple.

The hypermetropia inspection distance of scheme 2 regulation is 5 meters *, 6 meters, in 20 feet, 4 meters wantonly a kind.

The hypermetropia angle of the capable sighting target of going to the bottom of scheme 2 equipment for examining vision is in 1 ' to 0.1 ' wantonly a kind, when the visual angle ratio is

In wantonly a kind the time, the hypermetropia angle of the last top line sighting target of equipment for examining vision is 10 ' or 20 ', when the visual angle ratio is

In wantonly a kind the time, the last top line sighting target hypermetropia angle of equipment for examining vision is 10 ' or 21.54 '.

Scheme 3: a kind ofly check that by myopia each rower of distance, sighting target hurdle and sighting target annotates the equipment for examining vision that near vision numerical value is formed, it is characterized in that: first kind vision ultimate unit numerical value or decimal unit amount----that each row of sighting target hurdle must mark are shape feel near vision H _CloselyOr E _Closely, near vision Z commonly used _CloselyOr L _CloselyAmong wantonly a kind or 2 kinds; The distant vision record----of the another kind of reservation that can mark or not mark is near vision decimal record V _{1 is near}, near vision visual angle logarithm record L _{1 is near}, near vision five decilogs records L _{2 is near}, national standard near vision record, near vision mark record V _{2 is near}Among wantonly a kind, times multiple.

The myopia inspection distance of scheme 3 regulation is wantonly a kind among the 30 centimetres of *, 25 centimetres, 31 centimetres, 1 foot, 33 meters centimetres, 28 centimetres.

The near-sighted angle of top line sighting target is 10 ' or 100 ' on the equipment for examining vision of scheme 3 regulations, when the visual angle ratio is

In wantonly a kind the time, the equipment for examining vision capable sighting target myopia angle of going to the bottom is in 1 ' to 0.5 ' wantonly a kind; When the visual angle ratio is

In wantonly a kind the time, the go to the bottom near-sighted angle of capable sighting target of equipment for examining vision is in 1 ' to 0.464 ' wantonly a kind.

Scheme 4: a kind ofly watch the equipment for examining vision that power numerical value is formed attentively by examination of visual acuity distance, sighting target hurdle and each rower of sighting target, it is characterized in that: the hypermetropia of regulation is checked distance and corresponding myopia inspection distance thereof, each row of sighting target hurdle must mark the first kind vision ultimate unit numerical value or the decimal unit amount of distant vision and near vision, can mark or not mark the distant vision of another kind of reservation, the vision record of near vision; The first kind vision ultimate unit numerical value or the decimal unit amount----that must mark distant vision are shape feel distant vision H _FarOr E _Far, distant vision Z commonly used _FarOr L _Far, practical distant vision U _Far, wantonly a kind, times is multiple among four kinds of the practical percent P of distant vision; The first kind vision ultimate unit numerical value of the near vision that must mark or decimal unit amount----are shape feel near vision H _CloselyOr E _Closely, near vision Z commonly used _CloselyOr L _CloselyAmong wantonly a kind or 2 kinds; The distant vision record----that can mark or not mark another kind of reservation is distant vision decimal record V _{1 is far away}, distant vision visual angle logarithm record L _{1 is far away}, distant vision five decilogs records L _{2 is far away}, national standard distant vision record, distant vision mark record V _{2 is far away}, V _{3 is far away}, V _{4 is far away}, V _{5 is far away}Among wantonly a kind, times multiple; The near vision record----that can mark or not mark another kind of reservation is near vision decimal record V _{1 is near}, near vision visual angle logarithm record L _{1 is near}, near vision five decilogs records L _{2 is near}, national standard near vision record, near vision mark record V _{2 is near}Among wantonly a kind, times multiple.

The hypermetropia inspection distance of hyperopia and myopia testing fixture regulation is 5 meters, 6 meters, in 20 feet, 4 meters wantonly a kind.

Hyperopia and myopia testing fixture regulation----when the visual angle ratio is

In wantonly a kind the time, the hypermetropia angle of top line sighting target is 10 ' or 20 ' on the equipment for examining vision, the near-sighted angle of the capable sighting target of going to the bottom is in 1 ' to 0.5 ' wantonly a kind; Hyperopia and myopia testing fixture regulation----when the visual angle on sighting target hurdle ratio is

In the time of wantonly a kind; Top line sighting target hypermetropia angle is 10 ' or 21.54 ' on the equipment for examining vision, and the near-sighted angle of the capable sighting target of going to the bottom is in 1 ' to 0464 ' wantonly a kind.

The visual angle a of any 1 row sighting target of hyperopia and myopia testing fixture regulation long sight distance _{0 is far away}The visual angle a of the myopia distance corresponding with the long sight distance of the capable sighting target of n thereafter _{N is near}Should equate.The long sight distance d of regulation _FarCorresponding myopia is apart from d _CloselyIt is as follows to derive: in Fig. 1, B represents the wide or ring width of drawing of the capable sighting target of n behind any 1 row sighting target, and its hypermetropia angle is a _{N is far away}, its near-sighted angle a _{N is near}Equal a _{0 is far away}

B=d _Far* tg a _{N is far away}=d _Closely* tg a _{N is near}

tg?a＝a×π/180°+inv?a

As a=6 ° of inv a=0.00038, can ignore.Then

d _Far* (a _{N is far away}* π)/180 °=d _Closely* (a _{N is near}* π)/180 °

d _Far* a _{N is far away}=d _Closely* a _{N is near}

d _Far=d _Far* a _{N is far away}/ a _{N is near}=d _Far* a _{0 is far away}* q ⁿ/ a _{0 is far away}

d _Closely=d _Far* q ⁿ

This formula shows: the hypermetropia angle of any 1 row sighting target should equate with the near-sighted angle of the capable sighting target of n thereafter in the equipment for examining vision that the visual angle is in equal proportions, and the corresponding myopia distance of the long sight distance of regulation equals long sight distance d _FarProduct with the n power of visual angle ratio q.According to the inspection distance that has the examination of near vision device now, near-sighted apart from d _CloselyIt is relatively more reasonable to get about 30 centimetres.

When the visual angle ratio is , the time:

d _Far=500 centimetres, during n=12,

d _Far=500 centimetres, during n=13,

Calculate above and show that the visual angle ratio is 0110, long sight distance is 5 meters, and myopia is apart from being 31.5 centimetres (or 25.1 centimetres), and the near-sighted angle of the sighting target hypermetropia angle of any 1 row and the 12nd row thereafter (or the 13rd go) sighting target equates.Be that the visual angle logarithm distant vision record of any 1 row sighting target, five minutes distant vision records, decimal distant vision records write down identical with visual angle logarithm near vision record, five minutes near vision records, decimal near visions that the 12nd row (or the 13rd row) sighting target is corresponding thereafter.

d _Far=600 centimetres, during n=13,

d _Far=20 feet, during n=13,

d _Far=400 centimetres, during n=11,

When the visual angle ratio is The time:

d _Far=500 centimetres, during n=12,

d _Far=600 centimetres, during n=13,

d _Far=20 feet, during n=13,

d _Far=400 centimetres, during n=11,

When the visual angle ratio is

The time:

d _Far=500 centimetres, during n=11,

d _Far=600 centimetres, during n=12,

d _Far=20 feet, during n=12,

d _Far=400 centimetres, during n=10,

When the visual angle ratio is

The time:

1.d _Far=500 centimetres, during n=7,

2.d _Far=600 centimetres, during n=8,

3.d _Far=20 feet, during n=8,

4.d _Far=400 centimetres, during n=7,

Calculate above and show, the long sight distance of visual angle ratio and regulation and corresponding myopia thereof are apart from being scheme 4:

When the visual angle ratio is

In wantonly a kind the time: the long sight distance of regulation is 5 meters *, and corresponding myopia is apart from being 31 centimetres of *; The long sight distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 30 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding myopia distance is 1 foot; The long sight distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 32 centimetres; The long sight distance of 4 kinds of regulations and corresponding myopia thereof apart from wantonly a kind.

When the visual angle ratio is

Or

The time: the long sight distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 30 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 31 centimetres; The long sight distance of 4 kinds of regulations and corresponding myopia thereof apart from wantonly a kind.

When the visual angle ratio is Or The time: the long sight distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 34 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 27 centimetres; The long sight distance of 4 kinds of regulations and corresponding myopia thereof apart from wantonly a kind.

Scheme 2 to 4 regulation visual angle ratios can all equate

Among eight kinds wantonly a kind, the visual angle ratio also can be unequal.

Scheme 2 to 4 regulations shorten checks that distance is to enlarge the examination of visual acuity scope: the visual angle ratio is

Or

Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0.794 times, visual angle ratio and be

Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0.774 times, visual angle ratio and be

Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0.681 times, its shape and feel that vision H, vision Z, practical vision U commonly used reduce by 1 vision unit's difference; The visual angle ratio is

Or Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0.794 times, visual angle ratio and be Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0.774 times, visual angle ratio and be

Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0.681 times, its shape and feel that vision E, distant vision L commonly used increase by 1 vision unit's difference; When adopting decimal vision record, check that former decimal vision record number also dwindles 0.1 ratio apart from the ratio of whenever dwindling 0.1; When adopting mark vision record, the inspection distance of shortening is made the molecule of raw score record, and former denominator remains unchanged; Adopt the visual angle ratio to be Or

The time, sighting distance is whenever dwindled 0.794 times, and visual angle logarithm vision record number increases by 0.1, five fen vision record number and reduces 0.1; Adopt the visual angle ratio to be The time, sighting distance is whenever dwindled 0.774 times, and visual angle logarithm vision record number increases by 1/9 or five fen vision record number and reduces 1/9; Adopt the visual angle ratio to be

The time, sighting distance is whenever dwindled 0.681 times, and visual angle logarithm vision record number increases by 1/6 or five fen vision record number and reduces 1/6; Wantonly a kind, times among the above-mentioned various shortening long sight distance is multiple.

The sighting target hurdle sighting target font of scheme 2 to 4 regulation is capable for Landolt C ring, three strokes of isometric E, in draw in capable and satisfactory substantially other letters in visual angle of short 1/5 E, numeral, the figure wantonly a kind.

Scheme 2 to 4 regulation: when the back row and the preceding 1 row sighting target visual angle ratio of each row sighting target of sighting target hurdle were unequal, shape of each row of equipment for examining vision sighting target was felt vision unit amount, uses the h of vision unit ₁Tolerance is used H _m=31-10 log a _mCalculate; Vision commonly used is z with vision unit ₁Tolerance is used Z _m=11-10 log a _mCalculate vision commonly used with the reality u of the unit of looking ₁Tolerance, practical vision U _m=14-10 log a _mCalculate; The practical percent P of vision _m=(H _m-8) * 7.692%, or P _m=(Z _m+ 2) * 7.692%, P _m=(U _m-1) * 7.692% calculates.Achievement: 1. important discovery of the present invention----finds first that in the world medical circle writes down the significant problem of vision physical quantity always with numeral over more than 100 year.Though decimal, mark, five decilogs, the logarithmic record formula in visual angle all are to calculate vision with the visual angle, owing to there is not vision unit, its essence is still used the digital record vision, and the simple amount of simple numeral all can not be represented, so decimally, mark, five decilogs, visual angle logarithmic numeral vision physical quantity be wrong.

2. the present invention is from physical principle, point out that theoretically the contradiction that exists between shortcoming that vision record all in the modern medicine itself exists and problem and each vision record number and chaotic basic reason are the error measure methods with number scale record vision physical quantity, be the shortcoming, problem, mutual contradiction, chaotic essence place of all visions record, thereby write down all problems and indicated correct direction for correctly, comprehensively, thoroughly solving various visions.

3. proposed shape in the world first and felt that vision right metric method is: the apparent visual acuity with the benchmark vision is expressed, vision is complicated physical quantity, can not be as most physical quantity, multiple with unit quantity is represented, as weights and measures specific length unit quantity, volume unit's amount, the unit of weight amount, and four fundamental rules mathematical operation that can the amount of carrying out, vision can only regulation vision unit difference definition and set up the set vision unit value of benchmark vision, vision represents with the apparent visual acuity of benchmark vision unit value, that is: vision unit's difference of the unit amount of certain vision=benchmark vision unit value+certain vision and benchmark vision.Feel that as shape the vision unit value at benchmark vision visual angle 1000 ' is that 1 shape is felt the vision unit value, visual angle 10 ' and shape feel that vision unit's difference of benchmark vision is that 20 shapes are felt vision unit, and then the shape at visual angle 10 ' feels that the shape of vision=(1+20) is felt vision unit.

4. the vision unit value of scientific and rational vision unit difference and benchmark vision is proposed first, the unit value of a series of vision unit difference, benchmark vision and the computing formula of vision are proposed, and draw best vision unit's difference, benchmark vision unit value and shape and feel that vision, shape feel that vision commonly used, shape are felt the computing formula of practical vision, really accomplish science, reasonable, easy, easy record, easily understand, easily memory.Compare with existing all vision records, not only corrected the existing shortcoming of each vision record, problem, contradiction, chaotic, and the number of vision unit amount is easier than any vision record number, understand easily than any vision record number, understand easily than any vision record number, more remember easily than any vision record number, the advantage that each advantage of the number of vision unit amount is all more outstanding than any vision record number is also good in a word, thereby for eliminating, replace the vision record good essential condition and solid foundation is provided, create necessary and sufficient condition for promoting correct vision unit amount rapidly, created very good environment and wide prospect.

5. provide various vision records to smoothly transit to the optimum transfer equipment for examining vision of vision unit amount, both can put down in writing the vision unit amount separately, can put down in writing vision unit amount and vision record number again simultaneously.

6. practical percent of shape feel vision and computing formula thereof are proposed first.

7. equipment for examining vision of the present invention has also kept existing various vision records, has not only created essential condition for existing vision record smoothly transits to the vision unit amount, and can make multiple existing visual acuity chart and use, and also can make the synopsis of various vision records.

The hyperopia and myopia testing fixture with existing separately independently distant vision test chart and near vision test type combine together, not only can make distant vision test chart and use, and can make near vision test type and use, also enlarged the examination of visual acuity scope that standard is checked distance.

The present invention is further illustrated for drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is that drawing of sighting target is wide, sighting distance, the three kinds of parameter associated diagrams in visual angle;

Fig. 2 be the present invention program 2 the 1st embodiment---visual angle ratio is Shape feels that the hypermetropia angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision is that the hypermetropia angle 20 ' that 1 shape is looked unit value, practical benchmark vision is the 1 real unit of looking, the practical percent of its vision is 0, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%, the hypermetropia angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used is the 1 normal unit of looking, sighting target hypermetropia angle from 10 ' to 0.5 ', 5 meters inspection distances, keep the distant vision record, the distant vision test chart schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 be the present invention program 2 the 2nd embodiment---visual angle ratio is

Shape feels that the hypermetropia angle 0.1 of benchmark vision is that hypermetropia angle 0.5 ' that 0 shape is looked unit value, benchmark vision commonly used is the 1 normal unit of looking, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 20 ' is 0, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%, 5 meters inspection distances at sighting target hypermetropia angle from 0.5 ' to 20 ', that keep the distant vision record, distant vision test chart schematic diagram.

Fig. 4 be the present invention program 2 the 3rd embodiment----visual angle ratio partly equate be Shape feels that the hypermetropia angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision is that the hypermetropia angle 20 ' that 1 shape is looked unit value, practical benchmark vision is the 1 real unit of looking, the practical percent of its vision is 0, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%, the hypermetropia angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used is the 1 normal unit of looking, sighting target hypermetropia angle from 10 ' to 0.5 ', 5 meters inspection distances, keep the distant vision record, the distant vision test chart schematic diagram.

Fig. 5 be the present invention program 2 the 4th embodiment---visual angle ratio is Shape feels that the hypermetropia angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision is that the hypermetropia angle 20 ' that 1 shape is looked unit value, practical benchmark vision is the 1 real unit of looking, the practical percent of its vision is 0, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%, the hypermetropia angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used is the 1 normal unit of looking, the hypermetropia angle from 10 ' to 0.46 ' of sighting target, 5 meters inspection distances, keep the distant vision record, the distant vision test chart schematic diagram.

Fig. 6 be the present invention program 2 the 5th embodiment---visual angle ratio is

Shape feels that the hypermetropia angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision is that the hypermetropia angle 20 ' that 1 shape is looked unit value, practical benchmark vision is the 1 real unit of looking, the practical percent of its vision is 0, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%, the hypermetropia angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used, be the 1 normal unit of looking, sighting target hypermetropia angle from 10 ' to 0.46 ', 5 meters inspection distances, keep the distant vision record, the distant vision test chart schematic diagram.

Fig. 7 is that the present invention program 2 the 6th embodiment--ratio unequal Snellen visual acuity chart in-visual angle is with the visual angle ratio The h of the shape unit of looking ₁Tolerance, shape feel that the hypermetropia angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision is that 1 shape is looked unit value; With the real u of the unit of looking ₁Tolerance, the hypermetropia angle 20 ' of practical benchmark vision are the 1 real unit of looking, and the practical percent of its vision is 0, and the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%; With the normal z of the unit of looking ₁Tolerance, the hypermetropia 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used are the 1 normal unit of looking, sighting target hypermetropia angle from 10 ' to 1 ', 20 feet inspection distances, keep the distant vision record, the distant vision test chart schematic diagram.

Fig. 8 is the present invention program 3 the 1st embodiment a---visual angle ratio

Shape feels that the near-sighted angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision is that near-sighted angle 10 ' that 1 near shape is looked unit value, benchmark vision commonly used is the 1 closely normal unit of looking, and sighting target myopia is angle from 10 ' to 0.63 ', 30 centimetres of inspection distances, keep near vision writes down, near vision test type schematic diagram.

Fig. 9 be the present invention program 2 the 2nd embodiment---visual angle ratio is Shape feels that the near-sighted angle 0.1 ' of benchmark vision is that near-sighted angle 0.5 ' that 0 near shape is looked unit value, benchmark vision commonly used is the 1 closely normal unit of looking, and sighting target myopia is angle from 0.5 ' to 10 ', 30 centimetres of inspection distances, keep near vision writes down, near vision test type schematic diagram.

Figure 10 is the present invention program 3 the 3rd embodiment---visual angle ratio partly equate be

Shape feels that the near-sighted angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision is 1 near shape apparent place the near-sighted angle 10 ' of value, benchmark vision commonly used is the 1 closely normal unit of looking, sighting target myopia is angle from 10 ' to 0.63 ', 30 centimetres of inspection distances, the reservation near vision writes down, the near vision test type schematic diagram.

Figure 11 be the present invention program 3 the 4th embodiment---visual angle ratio is Shape feels that the near-sighted angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision is that near-sighted angle 10 ' that 1 near shape is looked unit value, benchmark vision commonly used is the 1 closely normal unit of looking, 30 centimetres of inspection distances at sighting target myopia angle from 10 ' to 0.6 ', keep near vision writes down, near vision test type schematic diagram.

Figure 12 be the present invention program 3 the 5th embodiment---visual angle ratio is

, shape feels that the near-sighted angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision is that 1 nearly shape is looked unit value, the near-sighted angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used is the 1 closely normal unit of looking, sighting target myopia is angle from 10 ' to 0.46 ', 30 centimetres of inspection distances, keep the near vision record, the near vision test type schematic diagram.

Figure 13 be the present invention program 4 the 1st embodiment---visual angle ratio is

Shape feels that hypermetropia angle, the near-sighted angle of benchmark vision are 1000 ' is that the hypermetropia angle 20 ' that 1 far away, nearly shape is looked unit value, practical benchmark vision is the 1 real unit of looking, the practical percent of its vision is 0, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%, hypermetropia angle, the near-sighted angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used be 1 far, the closely normal unit of looking; Sighting target hypermetropia angle from 10 ' to near-sighted angle 0.63 ', 5 meters hypermetropias check distance and corresponding 31 centimetres of myopia thereof check distances, keep far away, the near vision record, visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia schematic diagram.

Figure 14 be the present invention program 4 the 2nd embodiment---visual angle ratio is

Shape feels that hypermetropia angle, the near-sighted angle of benchmark vision are 0.1 ' is that 0 far away, nearly shape is looked unit value, the hypermetropia angle 20 ' of practical benchmark vision is the 1 real unit of looking, the practical percent of its vision is 0, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%, hypermetropia angle, the near-sighted angle 0.5 ' of benchmark vision commonly used be 1 far, the closely normal unit of looking; Sighting target myopia angle from 0.5 ' to hypermetropia angle 10 ', 5 meters hypermetropias check distance and corresponding 31 centimetres of myopia thereof check distances, keep far away, the near vision record, visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia schematic diagram.

Figure 15 is the present invention program 4 the 3rd embodiment---visual angle ratio partly equate be

Shape feels that hypermetropia angle, the near-sighted angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision are that the hypermetropia angle 20 ' that 1 far away, nearly shape is looked unit value, practical benchmark vision is the 1 real unit of looking, the practical percent of its vision is 0, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%, hypermetropia angle, the near-sighted angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used be 1 far, the closely normal unit of looking; Sighting target hypermetropia angle from 10 ' to near-sighted angle 0.63 ', 5 meters hypermetropias check distance and corresponding 31 centimetres of myopia thereof check distances, keep far away, the near vision record, visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia schematic diagram.

Figure 16 be the present invention program 4 the 4th embodiment---visual angle ratio is

Shape feels that hypermetropia angle, the near-sighted angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision are that the hypermetropia angle 20 ' that 1 far away, nearly shape is looked unit value, practical benchmark vision is the 1 real unit of looking, the practical percent of its vision is 0, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%, hypermetropia angle, the near-sighted angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used be 1 far, the closely normal unit of looking; Sighting target hypermetropia angle from 10 ' to near-sighted angle 0.6 ', 5 meters hypermetropias check distance and corresponding 30 centimetres of myopia thereof check distances, keep far away, the near vision record, visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia schematic diagram.

Figure 17 be the present invention program 4 the 5th embodiment---visual angle ratio is Shape feels that hypermetropia angle, the near-sighted angle 1000 ' of benchmark vision are that 1 far away, nearly shape is looked the hypermetropia angle 20 ' of unit value, practical benchmark vision, it is the 1 real unit of looking, the practical percent of its vision is 0, the practical percent of the vision at hypermetropia angle 1 ' is 100%, hypermetropia angle, the near-sighted angle 10 ' of benchmark vision commonly used be 1 far, the closely normal unit of looking; Sighting target hypermetropia angle from 10 ' to near-sighted angle 0.68 ', 20 feet (6.10 meters) hypermetropias check distance and corresponding 11 inch (28 centimetres) myopia thereof check distance, keep far away and the near vision record, visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 to Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of distant vision test chart.The 1st straight hurdle [1] is sighting target hypermetropia angle a among Fig. 2,4,5,6 _Far, the 2nd straight hurdle [2] is the practical percent P of distant vision _n, the 3rd straight hurdle [3] is practical distant vision numerical value U _Far, practical vision unit is u, the 4th straight hurdle [4] is shape feel distant vision numerical value H _Far, shape feels that vision unit is h, the 5th straight hurdle [5] is distant vision numerical value Z commonly used _FarVision unit commonly used is z, and the 6th straight hurdle [6] be the sighting target hurdle, and the 7th straight hurdle [7] is domestic general international standard visual acuity chart and the distant vision decimal of general abroad c chart writes down V _{1 is far away}, the 8th straight hurdle [8] is the logarithm record L at the distant vision visual angle of ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart _{1 is far away}, the 9th straight hurdle [9] is the distant vision five member record L of GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart _{2 is far away}, the 10th straight hurdle [10] is the mark record V of 5 meters inspection distances _{2 is far away}, the 11st straight hurdle [11] is the 5 meters corresponding 4 meters marks record of inspection distance V _{3 is far away}, the 12nd straight hurdle [12] is the mark record V that 5 meters corresponding Snellen visual acuity charts of inspection distance are checked 6 meters of distances _{4 is far away}, the 13rd straight hurdle [13] is 20 feet the mark record V that 5 meters corresponding U.S. of inspection distance adopt _{5 is far away}

[1] among [1] among Fig. 3, [2] and Fig. 2, [2] are identical, and the 3rd straight hurdle [3] is that shape is felt distant vision numerical value E _Far, shape feels that vision unit is h ₄, the 4th straight hurdle [4] is distant vision numerical value L commonly used _FarVision unit commonly used is z ₄, among Fig. 3 among [5] to [12] and Fig. 2 [6] identical to [13].

[1] among [1] among Fig. 7, [9] and Fig. 2, [9] are identical, and the 13rd straight hurdle [13] is the mark record V of 20 feet inspection distances _{5 is far away}, the 10th straight hurdle [10] is the 20 feet corresponding 5 meters marks record of inspection distance V _{2 is far away}, the 11st straight hurdle [11] is the 20 feet corresponding 4 meters marks record of inspection distance V _{3 is far away}, the 12nd straight hurdle [12] is the mark record V that 20 feet corresponding Snellen visual acuity charts of inspection distance are checked 6 meters of distances _{4 is far away}

Each distant vision record and the coupling of sighting target hurdle that the distant vision test chart of Fig. 2 to Fig. 6 keeps can be done c chart, the use of international standard visual acuity chart, write down its decimal record; Can make the ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart uses, writes down its visual angle logarithm record, can do the use of GB11533-89 standard logarithmic table, writes down its five decilogs record, can make the Snellen visual acuity chart and use, 6 meters, 20 feet mark record of 5 meters sighting distance correspondences of record.Can be used as contrast between each vision record number uses, for smoothly transitting, the vision record that makes reservation can put down in writing the distant vision record of distant vision unit amount and reservation simultaneously to the vision unit amount, vision commonly used as hypermetropia angle 1 ' among Fig. 2 is 11z, and decimal is recorded as 1.0, can be recited as 11z ₁(1.0V ₁), hypermetropia angle 10 ' record 1z ₁(0.1V ₁), until only using at last correct vision unit amount 11z ₁, 1z ₁And cancel incorrect (10V ₁), (0.1V ₁).

Fig. 2 is a most preferred embodiment in the distant vision test chart, not only the visual angle ratio of its sighting target and sighting target hurdle each the row sighting target visual angle and existing topmost ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart, distant vision test charts such as GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart integrate with, and comprised that use is the widest, have the greatest impact, topmost decimal record, visual angle logarithm record, five decilog records, the mark record, more outstanding is with easily understanding, easily the vision unit amount of memory comes science, rationally, accurately, easy expression vision, the line number that the number of distant vision numerical value particularly commonly used and sighting target are capable is identical, the units of shape feel distant vision numerical value and the units of vision commonly used, the units that sighting target is capable is identical, and is convenient, be more readily understood memory.

Fig. 3 is time good embodiment in the distant vision test chart, not only the visual angle ratio of its sighting target and sighting target hurdle each the row sighting target visual angle and existing topmost ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart, distant vision test charts such as GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart integrate with, and comprised that use is the widest, have the greatest impact, topmost decimal record, visual angle logarithm record, five decilog records, the mark record, more outstanding is with easily understanding, easily the vision unit amount of memory comes science, rationally, accurately, easy expression vision, the backward number that the number of distant vision numerical value particularly commonly used and sighting target are capable is identical, convenient, be more readily understood memory.More outstanding is vision unit amount and the visual angle logarithm distant vision record number of the ISO 8596-94 visual acuity chart of international standard put in order----increasing progressively with the visual angle number consistent, visual angle logarithm, vision unit amount also increase, vision numerical value, visual angle logarithm and visual angle positive correlation; Compare with Fig. 2 visual acuity chart and can reduce unnecessary practical distant vision, but inconsistent with the vision record of existing most visual acuity charts with the visual angle negative correlation, use uncomfortable.

Fig. 8 to Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of near vision test type.The 1st straight hurdle [1] is sighting target myopia angle a among Fig. 8,10,11,12 _Closely, the 2nd straight hurdle [2] is shape feel near vision numerical value H _Closely, shape feels that vision unit is h, the 3rd straight hurdle [3] is near vision numerical value z commonly used _Closely, vision unit commonly used is z, and the 4th straight hurdle [4] be the sighting target hurdle, and the 5th straight hurdle [5] is domestic general international standard visual acuity chart and the near vision decimal of general abroad c chart writes down V _{1 is near}, the 6th straight hurdle [6] is the near vision visual angle logarithm record L of ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart _{1 is near}, the 7th straight hurdle [7] is the near vision five member record L of GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart _{2 is near}, the 8th straight hurdle [8] is the mark record V of 30 centimetres of inspection distances _{2 is near}

[1] is identical with [1] among Fig. 8 among Fig. 9, and the 2nd straight hurdle [2] is shape feel near vision numerical value E among Fig. 9 _Closely, shape feels that vision unit is h ₄, the 3rd straight hurdle [3] is near vision numerical value Z commonly used _Closely, vision unit commonly used is z ₄, among Fig. 9 among [4] to [8] and Fig. 8 [4] identical to [8].

Fig. 8 is a most preferred embodiment in the near vision test type, not only the visual angle ratio of its sighting target and sighting target hurdle each the row sighting target visual angle and existing topmost ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart, visual acuity charts such as GB11533-89 standard logarithmic near vision test type integrate with, and comprised that use is the widest, have the greatest impact, topmost decimal record, visual angle logarithm record, five decilog records, the mark record, more outstanding is with easily understanding, easily the vision unit amount of memory comes science, rationally, accurately, easy expression vision, the line number that the number of near vision numerical value particularly commonly used and sighting target are capable is identical, the units of shape feel near vision numerical value and the units of near vision commonly used, the units that sighting target is capable is identical, and is convenient, be more readily understood memory.

Fig. 9 is time good embodiment in the near vision test type, not only the visual angle ratio of its sighting target and sighting target hurdle each the row sighting target visual angle and existing topmost ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart, visual acuity charts such as GB11533-89 standard logarithmic near vision test type integrate with, and comprised that use is the widest, have the greatest impact, topmost decimal record, visual angle logarithm record, five decilog records, the mark record, more outstanding is with easily understanding, easily the vision unit amount of memory comes science, rationally, accurately, easy expression vision, the backward number that the number of near vision numerical value particularly commonly used and sighting target are capable is identical, convenient, be more readily understood memory.More outstanding is vision unit amount and the visual angle logarithm distant vision record number of the ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart of international standard put in order----increasing progressively with the visual angle number consistent, visual angle logarithm, vision unit amount also increase, vision numerical value, visual angle logarithm and visual angle positive correlation; Compare with Fig. 8 visual acuity chart and can reduce unnecessary practical near vision, but inconsistent with the vision record of existing most visual acuity charts with the visual angle negative correlation, use uncomfortable.

Each near vision record and the coupling of sighting target hurdle that the near vision test type of Fig. 8 to Figure 12 keeps can be done international near vision test type, standard visual acuity chart use, write down its decimal record; Can make the ISO8596-94 near vision test type uses, writes down its visual angle logarithm near vision record, can do the use of GB11533-89 standard logarithmic near vision test type, writes down its five decilogs near vision record, can make the Snellen near vision test type and use, write down its mark near vision record.Can be used as contrast between each near vision record number and use, for the near vision record that makes reservation smoothly transits to the near vision unit amount, can put down in writing the near vision record of near vision unit amount and reservation simultaneously, is 11z as the vision commonly used at near-sighted angle 1 ' among Fig. 8 _Closely, decimal is recorded as 1.0, can be recited as 11z _Closely(1.0V _{1 is near}), near-sighted angle 10 ' record 1z _Closely(0.1V _{1 is near}), until only using at last correct vision unit amount 11z _Closely, 1z _CloselyAnd replace incorrect (1.0V _{1 is near}), (0.1V _{1 is near}).

Figure 13 to Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia.The 10th straight hurdle [10] is the sighting target hurdle among Figure 13,15,17, and the 9th straight hurdle [9] is distant vision numerical value Z commonly used _Far, the z of distant vision unit commonly used, the 8th straight hurdle [8] is shape feel distant vision numerical value H _Far, shape feels that distant vision unit is h, the 7th straight hurdle [7] is practical distant vision numerical value U _Far, practical vision unit is u, the 6th straight hurdle [6] is the practical percent P of distant vision, the 5th straight hurdle [5] be domestic general international standard visual acuity chart and abroad the distant vision decimal of general c chart write down V ₁, the 4th straight hurdle [4] is 5 meters distant vision mark record V that the inspection distance is corresponding 20 feet ₂, the 3rd straight hurdle [3] is the distant vision five member record L of GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart ₂, the 2nd straight hurdle [2] is the logarithm record L at the distant vision visual angle of ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart ₁, the 1st straight hurdle [1] is sighting target hypermetropia angle a _Far, the 11st straight hurdle [11] is near vision numerical value H commonly used _Closely, near vision unit commonly used is z _Closely, the 12nd straight hurdle [12] is shape feel near vision numerical value H _Closely, shape feels that near vision unit is h _Closely, the 13rd straight hurdle [13] is the near vision decimal record V of standard near vision chart _{1 is near}, the 14th straight hurdle [14] is the mark record V of 31 centimetres of near-sighted distances of 5 meters long sight distance correspondences _{2 is near}, the 15th straight hurdle [15] is the near vision five decilogs record L of GB11533-89 standard logarithmic near vision test type _{2 is near}, the 16th straight hurdle [16] is the near vision visual angle logarithm record L of ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart _{1 is near}

Among Figure 14 among [1] to [6] and Figure 13 [1] identical to [6], the 7th straight hurdle [7] is that shape is felt distant vision numerical value E among Figure 13 _Far, shape feels that distant vision unit is h ₄, the 8th straight hurdle [8] is distant vision numerical value L commonly used _Far, the z of distant vision unit commonly used ₄, [9] are identical with [10] among Figure 13 among Figure 14, and the 10th straight hurdle [10] is near vision numerical value L commonly used among Figure 14 _Closely, near vision unit commonly used is z _{4 is near}, the 11st straight hurdle [11] is shape feel near vision numerical value E _Closely, shape feels that near vision unit is h _{4 is near}, among Figure 14 among [12] to [15] and Figure 13 [13] identical to [16].

[1] to [3] and [5] same meaning among [1] to [3] and [4] and Figure 13 among Figure 16, among Figure 16 among [6] to [13] and Figure 13 [6] identical to [13], the 14th straight hurdle [14] is that the near vision decimal of geometric ratio visual acuity chart writes down V among Figure 16 _{6 is near}, [15] among [15] among Figure 16, [16] and Figure 13, [16] are identical.

The visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia mark shape feel distant vision H of Figure 13 to Figure 17 _FarOr E _Far, distant vision Z commonly used _FarOr L _Far, practical distant vision U _Far, the practical percent P of vision can adopt wantonly a kind of distant vision numerical value record during examination of distant vision, not only express distant vision exactly, and easy to be accurate, scientific and reasonable, easily understand, easily memory has also enlarged the examination scope of visual angle less than 0.5 ' extraordinary vision in regulation hypermetropia inspection distance.Figure 13 to Figure 15 marks the decimal distant vision of reservation apart from V _{1 is far away}, visual angle logarithm distant vision record L _{1 is far away}, five decilog distant vision record L _{2 is far away}, mark distant vision record V _{2 is far away}, can be used as c chart, the use of international standard visual acuity chart, write down its decimal record; Can make the ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart and use, write down its visual angle logarithm record; Can make the GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and use, write down its five member record; Figure 17 can make the Snellen visual acuity chart and use, and writes down 20 feet mark record; Also can make the synopsis between the above-mentioned vision record number, more can put down in writing vision numerical value and vision record simultaneously,, be recited as 11, (1.0V as hypermetropia angle 1 ' among Figure 13 ₁) or 11z (1.0V ₁) write down to distant vision numerical value transition accurately as various reservation distant vision, so that last distant vision unit amount replaces, eliminates the distant vision record of various reservations.

The visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia of Figure 13 to Figure 17 also marks shape feel near vision H _CloselyOr E _Closely, near vision Z commonly used _CloselyOr L _Closely, can adopt any near vision numerical value record during examination of near vision, not only express near vision exactly, and also easy to be accurate, scientific and reasonable, easily to understand, easily memory has also enlarged the examination scope of ultralow vision in the near-sighted distance of checking of regulation.Figure 13 to Figure 15 and Figure 17 mark the decimal near vision of reservation apart from V _{1 is far away}, visual angle logarithm near vision record L _{1 is far away}, five decilog near visions record L _{2 is far away}, mark near vision record V _{2 is far away}, can be used as international near vision test type, standard visual acuity chart use, write down its decimal record; Can make the ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart and use, write down its visual angle logarithm record; Can make GB11533-89 standard logarithmic near vision test type and use, write down its five member record; Can make the mark visual acuity chart and use, write down its mark record, also can make the synopsis between the above-mentioned vision record number, more can put down in writing vision numerical value and vision record simultaneously,, be recited as 11z as near-sighted angle 1 ' among Figure 13 _Closely(1.0V _{1 is near}) write down near vision numerical value transition accurately as various reservation near visions, so that last near vision unit amount replaces, eliminates the near vision record of various reservations.

Figure 13 is the visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia most preferred embodiment, the visual angle ratio of its sighting target not only, the visual angle and the existing most important ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart of each row sighting target of sighting target hurdle, the GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, near vision test type integrates with, and the vision that keeps record has comprised that use is the widest, have the greatest impact, the far and near record of most important decimal, the far and near record of visual angle logarithm, the far and near record of five decilogs, the far and near record of mark, more outstanding is with easily understanding, easily memory, easily record is scientific and reasonable, the easy unit amount of vision is accurately expressed hyperopia and myopia, the line number that the number of distant vision unit amount particularly commonly used and sighting target are capable is identical, the units of shape feel distant vision unit amount and the units of vision unit amount commonly used, the units that sighting target is capable is identical, convenient, easier to understand and memory.

Claims (18)

1. feel vision with the ultimate unit of vision or decimal metric unit shape for one kind, shape feel vision commonly used, shape is felt in the practical vision wantonly a kind, appoint multiple method, it is characterized in that: set shape feel vision, shape feel vision commonly used, shape is felt the vision ultimate unit of practical vision or visual angle and base's value thereof of decimal unit and benchmark vision thereof, represents ultimate unit numerical value or the decimal unit amount that shape is looked with the apparent visual acuity ultimate unit numerical value or the decimal unit amount of benchmark vision, ultimate unit numerical value of often looking or decimal unit amount, in ultimate unit numerical value of looking in fact or the decimal unit amount wantonly a kind, appoint multiple.

2. check that by hypermetropia each rower of distance, sighting target hurdle and sighting target annotates the equipment for examining vision that distant vision numerical value is formed for one kind, it is characterized in that: first kind vision ultimate unit numerical value or decimal unit amount----that each row of sighting target hurdle must mark are shape feel distant vision H _FarOr E _Far, distant vision Z commonly used _FarOr L _Far, practical distant vision U _Far, wantonly a kind, times is multiple among four kinds of the practical percent P of distant vision; The distant vision record----that can mark or not mark another kind of reservation is distant vision decimal record V _{1 is far away}, distant vision visual angle logarithm record L _{1 is far away}, distant vision five decilogs records L _{2 is far away}, national standard distant vision record, distant vision mark record V _{2 is far away}, V _{3 is far away}, V _{4 is far away}, V _{5 is far away}Among wantonly a kind, times multiple.

3. equipment for examining vision as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the hypermetropia inspection of regulation distance is 5 meters, 6 meters, in 20 feet, 4 meters wantonly a kind.

4. equipment for examining vision as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the hypermetropia angle of the capable sighting target of going to the bottom of equipment for examining vision is in 1 ' to 0.1 ' wantonly a kind: when the visual angle ratio is

The time, the hypermetropia angle of the last top line sighting target of equipment for examining vision is 10 ' or 20 ', when the visual angle ratio is In wantonly a kind the time, the last top line sighting target hypermetropia angle of equipment for examining vision is 10 ' or 21.54 '.

5. check that by myopia each rower of distance, sighting target hurdle and sighting target annotates the equipment for examining vision that near vision numerical value is formed for one kind, it is characterized in that: first kind vision ultimate unit numerical value or decimal unit amount----that each row of sighting target hurdle must mark are shape feel near vision H _CloselyOr E _Closely, near vision Z commonly used _CloselyOr L _CloselyAmong wantonly a kind or 2 kinds; The near vision record----that can mark or not mark another kind of reservation is near vision decimal record V _{1 is near}, near vision visual angle logarithm record L _{1 is near}, near vision five decilogs records L _{2 is near}, national standard near vision record, near vision mark record V _{2 is near}Among wantonly a kind, times multiple.

6. equipment for examining vision as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the myopia inspection distance of regulation is wantonly a kind in 30 centimetres, 25 centimetres, 31 centimetres, 1 foot, 33 centimetres, 28 centimetres.

7. equipment for examining vision as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the near-sighted angle of top line sighting target is 10 ' or 100 ' on the equipment for examining vision of regulation, when the visual angle ratio is

In wantonly a kind the time, the capable sighting target myopia angle of going to the bottom of equipment for examining vision is in 1 ' to 0.5 ' wantonly a kind; When the visual angle ratio is

In wantonly a kind the time, the near-sighted angle of the capable sighting target of going to the bottom of equipment for examining vision is in 1 ' to 0.464 ' wantonly a kind.

8. watch the equipment for examining vision that power numerical value is formed attentively by examination of visual acuity distance, sighting target hurdle and each rower of sighting target for one kind, it is characterized in that: the hypermetropia of regulation is checked distance and corresponding myopia inspection distance thereof, each row of sighting target hurdle must mark the first kind vision ultimate unit numerical value or the decimal unit amount of distant vision and near vision, can mark or not mark the distant vision of another kind of reservation, the vision record of near vision; The first kind vision ultimate unit numerical value or the decimal unit amount that must mark distant vision are shape feel distant vision H _FarOr E _Far, distant vision Z commonly used _FarOr L _Far, practical distant vision U _Far, wantonly a kind, times is multiple among four kinds of the practical percent P of distant vision; The first kind vision ultimate unit numerical value of the near vision that must mark or decimal unit amount are shape feel near vision H _CloselyOr E _Closely, near vision Z commonly used _CloselyOr L _CloselyAmong wantonly a kind or 2 kinds; The distant vision record that can mark or not mark another kind of reservation is distant vision decimal record V _{1 is far away}, distant vision visual angle logarithm record L _{1 is far away}, distant vision five decilogs records L _{2 is far away}, national standard distant vision record, distant vision mark record V _{2 is far away}, V _{3 is far away}, V _{4 is far away}, V _{5 is far away}Among wantonly a kind, times multiple; The near vision record that can mark or not mark another kind of reservation is near vision decimal record V _{1 is near}, near vision visual angle logarithm record L _{1 is near}, near vision five decilogs records L _{2 is near}, national standard near vision record, near vision mark record V _{2 is near}Among wantonly a kind, times multiple.

9. equipment for examining vision as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: ratio is when visual angle, sighting target hurdle In wantonly a kind the time: the long sight distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding myopia is apart from being 31 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 30 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding myopia distance is 1 foot; The long sight distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 32 centimetres; The long sight distance of 4 kinds of regulations and corresponding myopia thereof apart from wantonly a kind.

10. equipment for examining vision as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the visual angle ratio on sighting target hurdle is Or

The time: the long sight distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 30 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 31 centimetres; The long sight distance of 4 kinds of regulations and corresponding myopia thereof apart from wantonly a kind.

11. equipment for examining vision as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the visual angle ratio on sighting target hurdle is Or

The time: the long sight distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 34 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 27 centimetres; The long sight distance of 4 kinds of regulations and corresponding myopia thereof apart from wantonly a kind.

12. equipment for examining vision as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the visual angle ratio on sighting target hurdle is

In the time of wantonly a kind, the hypermetropia angle of the last top line sighting target of equipment for examining vision is 10 ' or 20 ', the near-sighted angle of the capable sighting target of going to the bottom is in 1 ' to 0.5 ' wantonly a kind;

13. equipment for examining vision as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the visual angle ratio on sighting target hurdle is

In the time of wantonly a kind, the last top line sighting target hypermetropia angle of equipment for examining vision is 10 ' or 21.54 ', and the near-sighted angle of the capable sighting target of going to the bottom is in 1 ' to 0.464 ' wantonly a kind.

14. as wantonly a kind of described equipment for examining vision in the claim 2,5,8, it is characterized in that: consequent and preceding 1 the visual angle ratio q of each row sighting target of sighting target hurdle is defined as

In wantonly a kind or visual angle ratio unequal.

15. as wantonly a kind of equipment for examining vision in the claim 2,5,8, it is characterized in that: shorten and check that distance is to enlarge the examination of visual acuity scope: the visual angle ratio is

Or

Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0.794 times, visual angle ratio and be Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0774 times, visual angle ratio and be

Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0.681 times, its shape and feel that vision H, vision commonly used or Z, practical vision U reduce by 1 vision unit's difference; The visual angle ratio is Or

Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0794 times, visual angle ratio and be

Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0.774 times, visual angle ratio and be

Inspection distance whenever dwindle 0.681 times, its shape and feel that vision E, distant vision L commonly used increase by 1 vision unit's difference; When adopting decimal vision record, check that former decimal vision record number also dwindles 0.1 ratio apart from the ratio of whenever dwindling 0.1; When adopting mark vision record, the inspection distance of shortening is made the molecule of raw score record, and former denominator remains unchanged; Adopt the visual angle example to be

Or

The time, sighting distance is whenever dwindled 0.794 times, and visual angle logarithm vision record number increases by 0.1, five fen vision record and reduces 01; Adopt the visual angle ratio to be

The time, sighting distance is whenever dwindled 0.774 times, and visual angle logarithm vision record number increases by 1/9 or five fen vision record number and reduces 1/9; Adopt the visual angle ratio to be

The time, sighting distance is whenever dwindled 0681 times, and visual angle logarithm vision record number increases by 1/6 or five fen vision record number and reduces 1/6; Wantonly a kind, times among the above-mentioned various shortening long sight distance is multiple.

16., it is characterized in that as wantonly a kind of equipment for examining vision in the claim 2,5,8: the sighting target hurdle sighting target font of regulation is capable for Landolt C ring, three strokes of isometric E, in draw in capable and satisfactory substantially other letters in visual angle of short 1/5 E, numeral, the figure wantonly a kind.

17. as wantonly a kind of equipment for examining vision in the claim 2,5,8, it is characterized in that: when the back row and the preceding 1 row sighting target visual angle ratio of each row sighting target of sighting target hurdle were unequal, shape feel vision unit amount of each row of equipment for examining vision sighting target was with the h of the shape unit of looking ₁Tolerance, shape feel vision H _m=31-10 log a _mCalculate, with the normal z of the unit of looking ₁Tolerance, vision Z commonly used _m=11-10 log a _mCalculate; With the real u of the unit of looking ₁Tolerance, practical vision U _m=14-10 log a _mCalculate; The practical percent P of vision _m=(H _m-8) * 7.692%, or P _m=(Z _m+ 2) * 7.692%, P _m=(U _m-1) * 7.692% calculates.

18., it is characterized in that as wantonly a kind of equipment for examining vision in the claim 2,5,8: the vision unit of vision commonly used, shape feel vision, practical vision, can be set at the vision ultimate unit, also can be set at vision decimal unit.

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