CN1271761A - Multi-effect additive of diesel oil - Google Patents
Multi-effect additive of diesel oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN1271761A CN1271761A CN 99105700 CN99105700A CN1271761A CN 1271761 A CN1271761 A CN 1271761A CN 99105700 CN99105700 CN 99105700 CN 99105700 A CN99105700 A CN 99105700A CN 1271761 A CN1271761 A CN 1271761A
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- additive
- maleic anhydride
- copolymer
- diesel oil
- organic amine
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Abstract
A multi-effect additive for diesel oil is prepared from C6-C22 alkyl acrylate-maleic acid anhydride copolymer, organic amine containing at least one kind of polyenepolyamine, and formaldehyde through reaction at 50-160 deg.C. The number average molecular weight of said copolymer is 500-10000. Said additive can serve as the flow improver and also as colour stabilizer of diesel oil, that is, lowering the cold-straining and the condensing points, and preventing colour variation on oxidation of diesel oil.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of diesel oil multi-efficient additive, exactly relate to and a kind ofly can improve the diesel oil at low-temperature flowing property, can delay the additive of diesel oil variable color again.
Contain multiple alkane in the diesel oil, wherein the low temperature flowability that how much has determined oil product of long-chain n-praaffin.When temperature reduced, normal paraffin was separated as plate crystal, and the tridimensional network that liquid oil is arranged is wherein sealed in bonding formation mutually, made the viscosity of oil product increase, mobile decline.This phenomenon can cause the oil circuit filter screen to stop up, and influences vehicle and normally uses, and also influences the accumulating and the loading and unloading of diesel oil.
Simultaneously, the heterogeneous ring compound that also contains various unsaturated components and nitrogen, sulphur in the diesel oil.Deterioration by oxidation can take place and produce sediment, thereby the diesel engine filtering system is stopped up and the nozzle carbon distribution in these materials in the storage process of diesel oil.Be accompanied by the variation that this process usually has diesel colour.Though diesel colour deepens and might not mean that its oxidation sediment exceeds standard, the user can not judge whether this diesel oil can be used safely this moment.The colourity of China's national Specification diesel oil is not more than 3.5 (ASTM-1500).
As everyone knows, the problems referred to above can be alleviated by add additive in diesel oil.Specifically, diesel flow improver can improve the low temperature flowability of diesel oil, reduces cold filter clogging temperature, the condensation point of diesel oil, makes diesel oil be able to normal use in low temperature environment; The diesel colour stablizer can slow down the oxidation of Unstable Substance in the diesel oil, postpones the time of diesel oil variable color.Technologies such as this method and hydrogenation, alkali cleaning relatively have advantages such as cost is little, production is flexible, pollution is few, therefore pay attention to widely industrial being subjected to.But, experience according to those skilled in the art, FLOW IMPROVERS and colour stabilizer generally can not join in the diesel oil simultaneously, otherwise the flowing property of diesel oil meeting variation, and only add diesel oil stabilizing agent also can reduce flowability of diesel oil can (referring to Fuel Science and Technology Int ' L., 1991 9 the volume 10 phases, 1287 pages of articles described).Therefore, up to the present, the flowing property of diesel oil and colour stable performance can't improve simultaneously by the method that adds additive.
The multipolymer of ethene and unsaturated ester, as US 3,048,479 disclosed polyethylene vinyl acetate esters (EVA) are to use more a kind of diesel flow improver at present.But can only reduce zero pour for the high content of wax, narrow fraction diesel oil, can not reduce cold filter clogging temperature.And this agent to the oxidation stability of diesel oil and variable color to no effect.
The C of alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride reported in " maleic anhydride copolymer reduces the research of cold filter point of diesel oil " literary composition that " petroleum journal (refining of petroleum) " 1996 the 12nd volumes the 4th periodical is stepped on
8-C
18Synthetic and the pour point depression of amide derivatives, the filter effect is fallen.Claim in the literary composition that this agent is good to the wide diesel oil susceptibility of cut, and do not mention effect, and this agent does not improve the color of diesel oil narrow fraction diesel oil.
WO 90,06, and 982 disclose the Mannich reaction product of the alkylphenol that replaces with long-chain and polyamines polyene and formaldehyde as the diesel colour stablizer.GB 2,245, and 588 disclose the replacement triazine that primary amine, secondary amine and formaldehyde reaction generate, replacement methane compound as the diesel colour stablizer.But they all do not have to improve to the low temperature flowability of diesel oil.
The objective of the invention is to based on prior art, a kind of low temperature flowability that can improve diesel oil is provided, can slow down the multipurpose additive of diesel oil oxidation variable color again.
Diesel oil multi-efficient additive provided by the invention, be by alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride and the organic amine that comprises a kind of polyamines polyene at least and formaldehyde at 50～160 ℃, preferred 70～130 ℃ of reactions make.
Specifically, additive provided by the invention can adopt following three kinds of feed way to react,
First kind: alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride and the organic amine that comprises a kind of polyamines polyene are at least carried out amination reaction earlier, 0.5～6 hour reaction times, preferred 2～4 hours.And then adding formaldehyde carries out condensation reaction, 1～8 hour reaction times, preferred 2～6 hours.Formaldehyde can once add, and also can add in batches.
Second kind: will comprise a kind of organic amine and formaldehyde reaction of polyamines polyene at least, the reaction times can be 1～8 hour, preferred 2～5 hours.Divide water with toluene, sherwood oil, industrial naptha etc. as solvent refluxing, formaldehyde can once add, and also can add in batches.Reaction finishes the pressure reducing and steaming solvent, adds alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride and continues reaction 0.5～6 hour, preferred 1～4 hour, obtains final product.
The third: with alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride with comprise that a kind of organic amine of polyamines polyene and formaldehyde add in the reactor simultaneously, react preferred 4～7 hours 2～10 hours at least.
In above-mentioned three kinds of modes, alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride (in maleic anhydride) can be 1: 0.1～2: 0.05～1 with the molar ratio of organic amine, formaldehyde, preferred 1: 0.2～1.2: 0.1～0.9.
For the ease of postorder operation and storage, the final product that above-mentioned three kinds of modes prepare can be made into about 50% diluent with the aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil.
In aforesaid propylene acid alkyl ester-copolymer-maleic anhydride, alkyl can be C
6～C
22Alkyl, preferred C
10～C
20, C preferably
12～C
18Alkyl, and straight chain linear alkyl preferably.For example dodecylacrylate, tetradecyl ester, cetyl ester, stearyl or its mixture.The number-average molecular weight of multipolymer can be 500～10000, preferred 1000～8000.
Above-mentioned organic amine comprises a kind of polyamines polyene at least, can be the mixture of at least a polyamines polyene or at least a polyamines polyene and at least a other organic amine.Polyamines polyene is selected from quadrol, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, five ethene hexamines or its mixture.Other organic amine can be C
6～C
18Aliphatic amide or nitrogenous heterogeneous ring compound, for example C
6～C
18Positive structure fat primary amine, C
6～C
18The primene JM-T, C
6～C
18Secondary amine, indoles, morpholine, pyrroles, pyridine etc.In the mixture of polyamines polyene and other organic amine, the mol ratio of polyamines polyene and other organic amine is 1: 0.1～10, preferred 1: 0.5～5.
Above-mentioned formaldehyde can be Paraformaldehyde 96 or 36% formaldehyde solution.
The preparation of alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride can be with reference to pertinent literature.Generally be under the initiator effect that can produce free radical, alkyl acrylate and maleic anhydride to be carried out the free radical solution polymerization reaction.Used initiator can be superoxide or azo compound, and is fine etc. as ditertiary butyl peroxide, azo two isobutyls.The consumption of initiator generally is 0.5～2% of alkyl acrylate and a maleic anhydride gross weight.Described solvent can be toluene, dimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, normal hexane, hexanaphthene etc., also can be above-mentioned aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil, and the latter is preferred.Solvent load generally is 30～150% of a monomer material gross weight.The feed way of reactant can be once all to add, and also can be that the alkyl acrylate that reactive behavior is high adds in batches.Specific practice be will contain alkyl acrylate, initiator and solvent mixed solution (solvent accounts for mixed solution cumulative volume 20～70%) per hour to add 40～100% of cumulative volume, preferred 50～80% feed rate joins in the reaction system of solvent that contains maleic anhydride and account for cumulative volume 30～80%, and then back flow reaction 2～7 hours.The molar ratio of alkyl acrylate and maleic anhydride is 1: 0.1～10, preferred 1: 0.25～4, preferably 1: 0.25～1.
The addition of additive provided by the invention in diesel oil generally is 50～2000ppm, preferred 100～1000ppm.
According to using needs, additive provided by the invention can also with other additive, use simultaneously as detergent-dispersant additive, metal passivator, sanitas etc.
Diesel oil multi-efficient additive provided by the invention both can be used as diesel flow improver, also can be used as the diesel colour stablizer.Particularly to the high content of wax, close-cut fraction diesel oil, this additive can not only reduce cold filter clogging temperature, also can reduce condensation point, and can also slow down the variable color of diesel oil.Use this additive, cold filter point of diesel oil can reduce by 1～5 ℃, and condensation point can reduce by 4～6 ℃, and diesel oil colourity is not more than 3.5 in 30 days.
Fig. 1 is the Yanshan Mountain 0
#Add multipurpose additive of the present invention front and back change in color situation in the mixed oil.
Fig. 2 is Jinan 0
#Add multipurpose additive of the present invention front and back change in color situation in the tank oil.
The present invention is further illustrated below by embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Example 1
This example is the preparation of alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride.
With 9.8g (0.1mol) maleic anhydride and 25g aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil (Yanshan Petrochemical refinery catalytic reforming still bed material, boiling range is 159 ℃～185 ℃) solvent places one electric mixer is housed, thermometer, reflux condensing tube, in the reactor of dropping funnel and nitrogen ingress pipe, fed nitrogen 5～10 minutes, and in reaction process, keep faint nitrogen gas stream, heated and stirred is warming up to 140～150 ℃, with the 32.4g octadecyl acrylate, 0.8g ditertiary butyl peroxide and 30g aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil mixture splash into reactor (mol ratio of octadecyl acrylate and maleic anhydride 1: 1) from dropping funnel, 1.5 drip off in hour, keep 140～150 ℃ of temperature, back flow reaction 3 hours, next step preparation is waited until in cooling.The sample that takes a morsel records number-average molecular weight Mn=1340 with gel permeation chromatography.
Example 2
This example is the preparation of alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride.
Place one electric mixer is housed 9.8g (0.1mol) maleic anhydride and 30g aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil solvent, thermometer, reflux condensing tube, in the reactor of dropping funnel and nitrogen ingress pipe, fed nitrogen 5～10 minutes, and in reaction process, keep faint nitrogen gas stream, heated and stirred is warming up to 140～150 ℃, with the 64.8g octadecyl acrylate, 0.7g ditertiary butyl peroxide and 30g aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil mixture splash into reactor (mol ratio of octadecyl acrylate and maleic anhydride 2: 1) from dropping funnel, drip off in 2 hours, keep 140～150 ℃ of temperature, back flow reaction 4 hours, cooling.Wait until next step preparation.The sample that takes a morsel records number-average molecular weight Mn=2660 with gel permeation chromatography.
Example 3
This example is the preparation of alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride.
Place one electric mixer is housed 9.8g (0.1mol) maleic anhydride and 10g aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil solvent, thermometer, reflux condensing tube, in the reactor of dropping funnel and nitrogen ingress pipe, fed nitrogen 5～10 minutes, and in reaction process, keep faint nitrogen gas stream, heated and stirred is warming up to 140～150 ℃, with the 26.8g tetradecyl acrylate, 0.4g ditertiary butyl peroxide and 20g aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil mixture splash into reactor (mol ratio of tetradecyl acrylate and maleic anhydride 1: 1) from dropping funnel, 1.5 drip off in hour, keep 140～150 ℃ of temperature, back flow reaction 5 hours, cooling.Wait until next step preparation.The sample that takes a morsel records number-average molecular weight Mn=6439 with gel permeation chromatography.
Example 4
This example is the preparation of multipurpose additive.
In the multipolymer that example 1 makes, add 5.8g triethylene tetramine and 13.2g Primene 81R (C12～C14 alkyl primene JM-T, Rohm; Hass company product) mixed amine, the mol ratio of triethylene tetramine and Primene 81R 2: 3.100 ℃ of temperature of reaction, 2.5 hours reaction times.Sherwood oil branch with 60～90 removes the water that generates.Be cooled to 80 ℃, add the 0.6g Paraformaldehyde 96, divide water reaction 4 hours at 80 ℃ of sherwood oils with 60～90, last pressure reducing and steaming petroleum ether adds 28g aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil again, is made into about 50% diluent.
Example 5
This example is the preparation of multipurpose additive.
Place one electric mixer is housed 1.5g (0.025mol) quadrol and 7.8g (0.1mol) morpholine and 7.0g toluene and 3.0g dehydrated alcohol mixed solvent, thermometer, the reflux water-dividing device, in the reactor of dropping funnel, heated and stirred is warming up to and begins to reflux, 8.4g (0.1mol) 36% formaldehyde is splashed into reactor from dropping funnel, 1.5 drip off in hour, again reflux water-dividing 4 hours to homo(io)thermism at 118 ℃, cooling, the sherwood oil that multipolymer that adding example 1 makes in reaction system and 10g are 60～90 ℃, 90 ℃ of reflux water-dividing reactions 3 hours, toluene and sherwood oil are removed in underpressure distillation, add 12g aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil again, be made into about 50% additive diluent.
Example 6
This example is the preparation of multipurpose additive.
Add 10.3g (0.1mol) diethylenetriamine in the multipolymer that example 2 makes, 120 ℃ of temperature of reaction in 4 hours reaction times, are divided water with the 20g refluxing toluene.Be cooled to 90 ℃, add the sherwood oil of 60～90 ℃ of 1.2g (0.04mol) Paraformaldehyde 96 and 10g, 90 ℃ of reflux water-dividing reactions 2.5 hours, toluene and sherwood oil were removed in underpressure distillation, add 15g aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil again, are made into about 50% additive diluent.
Example 7
This example is the preparation of multipurpose additive.
In the multipolymer that example 3 makes, add 2.25g (0.075mol) Paraformaldehyde 96, heated and stirred splashes into (mol ratio of maleic anhydride, amine, formaldehyde is 1: 1: 0.75) with 9.5g (0.05mol) tetraethylene pentamine, 3.9g (0.05mol) morpholine and 10g toluene from dropping funnel.Divide water reaction 5 hours at 120 ℃ with refluxing toluene, toluene is removed in last underpressure distillation, adds 22g aromatic hydrocarbons thinning oil, is made into 50% additive diluent.
Example 8
This example is the additive that makes of example 4～7 result of use as FLOW IMPROVERS in diesel oil.
Having selected for use two kinds of diesel oil as test oil, is respectively (a) Yanshan Mountain 0
#Mixed oil and (b) Yanshan Mountain-10
#Mixed oil.The physicochemical property of two kinds of diesel oil sees Table 1, add agent after, pour point depression and fall the filter effect see Table 2.
The physicochemical property of table 1 diesel oil
Diesel oil
(a) (b) CFPP/ ℃ of-3-7 SP/ ℃ of-5-14 initial boiling point/℃ 189 180 20% are heated up in a steamer a little/℃ 230 214 50% are heated up in a steamer a little/℃ 264 229 90% heat up in a steamer a little/℃ 327 320 do/℃ 353 343 positive structure hydrocarbon content/% 33.4 30.6 positive structure hydrocarbon carbon number C8-C
27C
5-C
23C
〉=17Positive structure hydrocarbon content/% 16.76 6.07
Table 2 additive is to the action effect of cold filter point of diesel oil, condensation point
| The additive source | Diesel oil | Dosage, ppm | Cold filter clogging temperature, ℃ | Condensation point, ℃ |
| Example 4 | ????(a) | ????500 | ????-6 | ????-10 |
| ????(b) | ????600 | ????-12 | ????-20 | |
| Example 5 | ????(a) | ????500 | ????-5 | ????-10 |
| ????(b) | ????800 | ????-11 | ????-19 | |
| Example 6 | ????(a) | ????500 | ????-4 | ????-9 |
| ????(b) | ????600 | ????-11 | ????-19 | |
| Example 7 | ????(a) | ????600 | ????-5 | ????-9 |
| ????(b) | ????1000 | ????-12 | ????-18 |
Example 9
This example is the additive that makes of example 4～7 effect as colour stabilizer in diesel oil.
Having selected for use two kinds of diesel oil as test oil, is respectively (a) Yanshan Mountain 0
#Mixed oil and (c) Jinan 0
#Tank oil.
Change in color as shown in Figure 1 before and after diesel oil (a) added multipurpose additive.Additive amount is 500ppm, and experiment condition stores for the room temperature lucifuge.As can be seen, diesel oil (a) colourity after under the not additivated situation 15 days just becomes 4.0.China's solar oil national standard (GB 252-94) regulation diesel oil colourity is not more than 3.5, so the diesel oil (a) of this moment has become unacceptable product.After adding multipurpose additive, can find out obviously that the more blank diesel oil of color of diesel oil is shallow, and in 30 days colourity all at acceptability limit.
Diesel oil (c) adds multipurpose additive front and back change in color as shown in Figure 2, and additive amount is 300ppm, and experiment condition also is that the room temperature lucifuge stores.As can be seen, diesel oil (c) colourity after under the not additivated situation 15 days has reached 3.5, and colourity all is not more than 3.5 in 60 days and add behind the multipurpose additive.Diesel oil (c) is better than diesel oil (a) to the susceptibility of additive, may be because hydrogenation component is than causes many in (a) (c).
Claims (12)
1. a diesel oil multi-efficient additive is characterized in that, this additive is by alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride and comprises that a kind of organic amine of polyamines polyene and formaldehyde make 50～160 ℃ of reactions at least.
2. according to the described additive of claim 1, it is characterized in that temperature of reaction is 70～130 ℃.
3. according to the described additive of claim 1, it is characterized in that the preparation process of this additive is: (1) makes alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride and the organic amine reaction that comprises a kind of polyamines polyene at least 0.5～6 hour; (2) in the reaction product of step (1), add formaldehyde, reacted 1～8 hour.
4. according to the described additive of claim 1, it is characterized in that the preparation process of this additive is: (1) made the organic amine that comprises a kind of polyamines polyene at least and formaldehyde reaction 1～8 hour; (2) in the reaction product of step (1), add alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride, reacted 0.5～6 hour.
5. according to the described additive of claim 1, it is characterized in that this additive is alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride to be reacted simultaneously with organic amine that comprises a kind of polyamines polyene at least and formaldehyde made in 2～10 hours.
6. according to claim 1,3,4 or 5 described additives, it is characterized in that the molar ratio of alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride and organic amine, formaldehyde 1: 0.1～2: 0.05～1.
7. according to claim 1,3,4 or 5 described additives, it is characterized in that in alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride, alkyl is C
6～C
22Alkyl.
8. according to the described additive of claim 7, it is characterized in that in alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride, alkyl is C
10～C
20Alkyl.
9. according to claim 1,3,4 or 5 described additives, it is characterized in that the number-average molecular weight of alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride is 500～10000.
10. according to the described additive of claim 9, it is characterized in that the number-average molecular weight of alkyl acrylate-copolymer-maleic anhydride is 1000～8000.
11. according to claim 1,3,4 or 5 described additives, it is characterized in that organic amine comprises at least a polyamines polyene, wherein polyamines polyene is selected from quadrol, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, five ethene hexamines or its mixture.
12., it is characterized in that organic amine comprises at least a polyamines polyene and is selected from C according to claim 1,3,4 or 5 described additives
6～C
18The mixture of at least a organic amine among aliphatic amide or the nitrogenous heterogeneous ring compound, the mol ratio of polyamines polyene and other organic amine is 1: 0.1～10.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99105700 CN1081225C (en) | 1999-04-23 | 1999-04-23 | Multi-effect additive of diesel oil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99105700 CN1081225C (en) | 1999-04-23 | 1999-04-23 | Multi-effect additive of diesel oil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1271761A true CN1271761A (en) | 2000-11-01 |
| CN1081225C CN1081225C (en) | 2002-03-20 |
Family
ID=5272085
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99105700 Expired - Fee Related CN1081225C (en) | 1999-04-23 | 1999-04-23 | Multi-effect additive of diesel oil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1081225C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100351350C (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2007-11-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Copolymer type multi-effect additive of diesel oil |
| CN104530305A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-04-22 | 上海应用技术学院 | Diesel oil pour-point depressant and preparation method and application thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100460489C (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2009-02-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Low sulphur diesel oil multi-efficient additive composition |
-
1999
- 1999-04-23 CN CN 99105700 patent/CN1081225C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100351350C (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2007-11-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Copolymer type multi-effect additive of diesel oil |
| CN104530305A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-04-22 | 上海应用技术学院 | Diesel oil pour-point depressant and preparation method and application thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1081225C (en) | 2002-03-20 |
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