CN1267566A - Microwave heating to synthesize molecular sieve film - Google Patents
Microwave heating to synthesize molecular sieve film Download PDFInfo
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- CN1267566A CN1267566A CN 99112751 CN99112751A CN1267566A CN 1267566 A CN1267566 A CN 1267566A CN 99112751 CN99112751 CN 99112751 CN 99112751 A CN99112751 A CN 99112751A CN 1267566 A CN1267566 A CN 1267566A
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- molecular sieve
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Abstract
The synthesis process includes the compounding of molecular sieve synthesizing liquid aNa2O:Al2O3:5SiO2:bH2O, where a is 5.0-20.0 and b is 500-4000; the microwave heating synthesis after a porous substrate film is placed into the synthesizing liquid and at 50-100 deg.c with the synthesis period being 10-60 min; and washing and stoving. The molecular sieve film synthesized based on the process has short synthesis period and high separation performance.
Description
The present invention relates to the synthetic of molecular screen membrane and use, particularly provide a kind of novel method-microwave heating of quick synthesizing molecular sieve film synthetic.
Molecular sieve is a kind of crystalline material with regular duct, and its aperture is between 0.3～3.0nm, and is close with general bulk of molecule, and molecular sieve has in shape selective catalysis, ion-exchange, fractionation by adsorption widely to be used.Usually, molecular sieve is with Powdered use, but pulverous molecular sieve has many restrictions in application, as in the transformation absorption that utilizes molecular sieving and purified gases, not only be difficult for realizing operate continuously, and facility investment is big, complex operation, if molecular sieve is made film, utilize it to select the shape screening characteristics and realize gas delivery, can not only realize operate continuously, reduce facility investment and process cost, and can improve separation selectivity greatly, keep bigger saturating amount.Molecular screen membrane has also shown extremely strong application prospect in various fields such as high-temperature catalytic film reaction, infiltration evaporation separation, host-guest chemistry, environmental protection, chromatogram, life science, electrode, transmitter, optical materials in addition.
In view of the broad prospect of application of molecular screen membrane, in recent years, the scientist of lot of domestic and foreign synthesized it and used and carried out extensive studies.Suzuki equals to report synthetic ultrafine (1nm) molecular screen membrane on porous support surface with the patent form first in 1987 that the development of the preparation of molecular screen membrane and applied research from then on is very fast.(as the Porous Stainless Steel basement membrane, porous alumina basement membrane etc.) synthesized MFI (comprising ZSM-5, Silicalite-1), A type, Y type, AIPO on the variety carrier surface now
4-5, L type, SAPO-34, FER, MOR equimolecular sieve membrane, the molecular screen membrane of preparation has the molecular screen membrane of self-supporting, and the compound molecule sieve membrane on densification of being carried on or porous support surface is also arranged.The synthetic method of molecular screen membrane mainly comprises original position hydrothermal synthesis method, gas phase synthesis method, sol-gel method, indirect growth method, makes a general survey of these preparation methods, method that has such as indirect growth method, and its preparation process is more loaded down with trivial details; And generated times such as other method such as original position hydrothermal synthesis method, gas phase synthesis method long (being generally several hours to a couple of days), synthesis condition is difficult to control.In addition, synthetic molecular sieve membrance permeability amount is lower now, is difficult to realize actual application, and the molecular screen membrane of synthetic high saturating amount, highly selective is the target of Chinese and overseas scholars struggle.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel method-microwave heating of synthesizing molecular sieve film rapidly and efficiently synthetic, have high separation performance with this method synthetic molecular screen membrane, and generated time is short.
The invention provides a kind of method of synthesizing molecular sieve film, it is characterized in that preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparation of the synthetic liquid of molecular sieve, filling a prescription is aNa
2O: Al
2O
3: 5SiO
2: bH
2O, a=5.0～20.0, b=500～4000;
(2) the porous basement membrane is placed synthetic liquid, utilize microwave heating synthetic, temperature is 50 ℃～100 ℃, and generated time is 10～60 minutes;
(3) washing and drying.
Wherein with a=8.0～10.0, b=800～1500 are good.
The basement membrane of synthesizing molecular sieve film provided by the invention is the porous oxide basement membrane, and the aperture of basement membrane is 0.05～100 μ m, is good with 0.1～10 μ m wherein; The shape of basement membrane can be sheet or tubulose, but membrane surface precoating crystal seed or not precoating crystal seed.
The preparation method of molecular screen membrane provided by the invention observes the successive molecular screen membrane with scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and forms after microwave heating utilizes X-ray diffraction (XRD) can detect the A type molecular sieve film after 10 minutes formation is heated 15 minutes.
The present invention uses microwave heating technique to make the generated time of molecular screen membrane shorten 10～30 times, can see synthetic molecular screen membrane uniform crystal particles from SEM figure, and molecular screen membrane is thinner, thereby might obtain high performance molecular screen membrane.
Synthetic A type molecular sieve film of the present invention and hydroxysodalite molecular screen membrane can be applied to gas delivery, and being 25 ℃ in temperature is under the condition of 0.1MPa with pressure reduction, H
2/ n-C
4H
10Ideal divide high coefficient to be respectively 11.9 and, H greater than 100
2Saturating amount is respectively 2.1 * 10
-6Mol/m
2.s.Pa with 0.114 * 10
-6Mol/m
2.s.Pa, the separation performance that is higher than the A type molecular sieve film of bibliographical information.
Synthetic A type molecular sieve film of the present invention can be applicable to infiltration evaporation to be separated, in temperature is 70～75 ℃, the vacuum tightness of per-meate side is under the condition of 200～400Pa, and the ideal separation factor of the ethanol/water of synthetic A type molecular sieve film is 1000～10000, and saturating amount is 0.5～1.0kg/m
2.h.
The present invention has developed the method for fast synthetic high score from the performance molecular screen membrane, separates sieve membrane with routine heating synthetic and compares, and not only generated time shortens, and separation performance improves.Explain detailedly below by embodiment.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the microwave heating to synthesize molecular sieve film synoptic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the x-ray diffraction pattern of embodiment 1 synthesizing molecular sieve film.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the scanning electron microscope diagram of embodiment 1 synthesizing molecular sieve film.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the x-ray diffraction pattern of embodiment 2 synthesizing molecular sieve films.
Accompanying drawing 6 is the x-ray diffraction pattern of embodiment 3 synthesizing molecular sieve films.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the scanning electron microscope diagram of embodiment 3 synthesizing molecular sieve films.
Accompanying drawing 8 is the x-ray diffraction pattern of embodiment 4 synthesizing molecular sieve films.
Accompanying drawing 9 is the scanning electron microscope diagram of embodiment 4 synthesizing molecular sieve films.
Accompanying drawing 10 is the x-ray diffraction pattern of embodiment 5 synthesizing molecular sieve films.
Accompanying drawing 11 is the scanning electron microscope diagram of embodiment 5 synthesizing molecular sieve films.
The preparation of embodiment 1 A type molecular sieve film
The used basement membrane of synthesizing molecular sieve film is α-Al
2O
3Basement membrane, its aperture are 0.1～0.3 μ m, and porosity is 50%.Basement membrane be shaped as sheet, diameter is 30mm, thickness is 2mm.Basement membrane polishes flat with fine sandpaper before use, ultrasonic washing in the distilled water, and dry for standby then, the membrane surface after the oven dry can not done to be used further to synthesize after any processing is directly used in synthetic or surperficial precoating crystal seed.
The synthetic liquid of synthesizing molecular sieve film is prepared as follows:
Solution (1): 74.1 gram NaOH are dissolved in 159 ml deionized water, add 1 gram metal aluminum foil then, and dissolving promptly gets solution (1);
Solution (2): with the water of 17.74 milliliters of silicon sol and 159 milliliters mix solution (2), wherein contain SiO in the silicon sol
2Be 27wt%.
Wait to join solution (1) and solution (2) afterwards, solution (1) is added in the solution (2) in stirring, mix until obtaining transparent colloidal sol, the prescription of the colloidal sol that finally obtains is 50Na
2O: Al
2O
3: 5SiO
2: 1000H
2O.
The diaphragm that is not coated with crystal seed is fixed with support, vertically be positioned over (as shown in Figure 1) in the tetrafluoroethylene synthesis reactor, to synthesize liquid then changes among the synthesis reactor, place among the microwave oven, within 60 seconds, be warming up to 90 ℃ rapidly, reduce the power of microwave oven then, the temperature of keeping synthetic liquid is 90 ℃, promptly gets molecular screen membrane in 10～15 minutes.Till the neutrality, through 150 ℃ of heating, dryings 3 hours, the molecular screen membrane after the oven dry was A type molecular sieve film (as shown in Figure 2) through X-ray diffraction to diaphragm after synthetic then through deionized water wash.The diffraction peak of seeing A type molecular sieve from diffraction peak shows that the synthetic molecular screen membrane is still imperfect a little less than.Scanning electronic microscope confirms the film imperfect (as shown in Figure 3) of formation.
The preparation of embodiment 2 A type molecular sieve films
By embodiment 1 join synthetic colloidal sol, the diaphragm that scribbles crystal seed is fixed with support, vertically be positioned in the tetrafluoroethylene synthesis reactor, it is synthetic to press the identical condition of embodiment 1 then, synthetic after scouring oven dry.Molecular screen membrane after the oven dry is the A type molecular sieve film through X-ray diffraction, and the diffraction peak of A type molecular sieve strong (as shown in Figure 4), sem observation forms (as shown in Figure 5) to existing successive molecular screen membrane, and molecular screen membrane uniform crystal particles, the thickness of molecular screen membrane is 5 μ m, thinner thickness, thus high performance molecular screen membrane might be obtained.
The preparation of embodiment 3 A type molecular sieve films
By embodiment 1 join synthetic colloidal sol, the synthetic diaphragms that obtain of embodiment 2 are fixed with support, vertically be positioned in the tetrafluoroethylene synthesis reactor, it is synthetic to carry out secondary by embodiment 1 identical condition, the diaphragm washing and drying after synthetic.The X-ray diffraction spectrogram of the molecular screen membrane after the oven dry shows that the diffraction peak of A type molecular sieve disappears, and shows that A type molecular sieve has dissolved the commentaries on classics crystalline substance under synthesis condition, has several groups of more weak diffraction peaks to exist simultaneously, does not prove conclusively these species (as shown in Figure 6) as yet.Sem observation shows that molecular screen membrane dissolves, and the surface only has the molecular sieve that is scattered bunch to exist (as shown in Figure 7), scanning electronic microscope that the diaphragm-operated side is observed to show that the molecular sieve rete disappears.
The preparation of embodiment 4 A type molecular sieve films
By embodiment 1 join synthetic colloidal sol, the synthetic diaphragms that obtain of embodiment 3 are fixed with support, vertically be positioned in the tetrafluoroethylene synthesis reactor.By the identical condition of embodiment 1 synthetic carry out three times synthetic, diaphragm washing and drying after synthetic, the X-ray diffraction spectrogram of the molecular screen membrane after the oven dry is shown as the stack of X type molecular sieve and hydroxyl sodalite molecular sieve diffraction peak, show that A type molecular sieve changes brilliant be X type molecular sieve and hydroxyl sodalite molecular sieve (as shown in Figure 8) under synthesis condition, scanning electronic microscope shows that the thickness of molecular screen membrane is 10 μ m (as shown in Figure 9).
The preparation of embodiment 5 hydroxysodalite molecular screen membranes
By embodiment 1 join synthetic colloidal sol, the diaphragm that scribbles crystal seed is fixed with support, vertically be positioned in the tetrafluoroethylene synthesis reactor, pressing embodiment 1 identical condition then synthesizes, changing generated time is 40～60 minutes, diaphragm washing and drying after synthetic, molecular screen membrane after the oven dry is a hydroxyl sodalite molecular screen membrane through X-ray diffraction, and the diffraction peak of hydroxysodalite molecular sieve is strong (as shown in figure 10), scanning electronic microscope shows the molecular screen membrane uniform crystal particles, cover full whole membrane surface and the interlaced growth of molecular sieve crystal and form complete molecular screen membrane (as shown in figure 11), the thickness of molecular screen membrane is 5～6 μ m.
The gas separating property of embodiment 6 molecular screen membranes
The diaphragm of embodiment 2,3,4,5 gained is carried out gas-permeable research, is that 25 ℃ and pressure reduction are that result under the condition of 0.1MPa is as shown in table 1 in the infiltration temperature:
The gas permeability of table 1 molecular screen membrane
Rate of permeation unit: * 10
-8Mol/m
2.s.Pa
| The diaphragm numbering | ??H 2Rate of permeation | ?N 2Rate of permeation | ?n-C 4H 10Rate of permeation | ??H 2/C 4H 10 |
| Embodiment 2 | ????213 | ????66.6 | ????17.9 | ????11.9 |
| Embodiment 3 | ????72.1 | ????17.7 | ????11.8 | ????6.11 |
| Embodiment 4 | ????133 | ????42.8 | ????39.2 | ????3.39 |
| | ????11.4 | ????4.38 | ????＜0.1 | ????＞114 |
As seen from table, have good gas separating property, H by microwave heating synthetic A type molecular sieve film
2/ n-C
4H
10Desired separated be 11.8, the repeatedly synthetic A type molecular sieve film that makes changes brilliant, gas separating property descends, the H of synthetic hydroxyl sodalite molecular screen membrane
2/ n-C
4H
10Ideal separation factor greater than 100.
The Pervaporation Separation of embodiment 6 molecular screen membranes
The diaphragm of embodiment 2 gained is carried out the infiltration evaporation Separation Research, is the vacuum tightnesss of 70～75 ℃ and per-meate side when being 200～400Pa in the infiltration temperature, and the separation factor of water/ethanolic soln is 1000～5000, is 0.5～1.0kg/M in right amount
2.hr.
Comparative example 1
(1) professor Kita of Japanese Yamaguchi university has synthesized the A type molecular sieve film from gelling system at the porous alumina basement membrane, and its prescription is: 2Na
2O: Al
2O
3: 2SiO
2: 160H
2O, synthesis temperature are 100 ℃, and generated time is 3 hours.They are applied to the synthetic molecular screen membrane among organism/water infiltration evaporation separation, and 10wt% water/ethanol separates coefficient in the time of 75 ℃ be 10000, and saturating amount is 2.0kg/m
2.h. (select from a day disclosure laid-open patent JP 08,318,141).Compare with our synthetic, the synthetic system of employing and we differ bigger, and they are gelling system, and we are sol system.From synthesis condition, our synthesis condition is 90 ℃, 15 minutes; And they are 100 ℃, and 3 hours, although our synthesis temperature is than low 10 ℃ as can be seen, the applied microwave heating technique shortened generated time greatly.Aspect the infiltration evaporation separation of liquid, the separation factor of our synthetic film is suitable with them, and saturating amount is low than theirs.Analyze former because we adopt sol system when synthetic, might synthesize molecular sieve in the fenestra of basement membrane yet, professor Kita etc. are not applied to gas delivery with molecular screen membrane, and we the gas delivery of being applied to and having shown separation performance preferably.
Comparative example 2
(2) world patent PCT/GB95/0221 adopts method that the prescription identical with us heat with routine to synthesize the A type molecular sieve film scribbling on the porous metal basement membrane of crystal seed, and its synthesis temperature is 90 ℃, and the time is 3 hours.Compare with our microwave heating is synthetic, our resultant velocity is than fast 12 times.The infiltration evaporation that their synthetic molecular screen membrane also is applied to organism/water separates.Before not doing synthetic aftertreatment, molecular screen membrane is 13.5 to the separation factor of water/aqueous isopropanol of 8.8wt%, and saturating amount is 3.2kg/m
2.hr, compare with our synthetic molecular screen membrane, saturating amount is than our order of magnitude greatly nearly, but separation factor is wanted little two orders of magnitude.
Comparative example 3
(3) professor Budd of Britain Manchester university adopts the prescription identical with us to synthesize the A type molecular sieve film on porous zirconia/Ni-Cr alloy network basement membrane.The synthesis condition that they adopt is 50 ℃, and 48 hours, they were applied to alcohol/water infiltration evaporation with the synthetic molecular screen membrane and separate.The high coefficient of the branch of isopropanol is 1000～10000, measures at 0.5kg/m thoroughly
2.hr (select from Microporous Materials, vol.12,1997, p305).Although the synthetic temperature of the microwave heating that we adopt is than their height, synthetic speed obviously improves than them, and the separation factor of the ethanol/water of our synthetic A type molecular sieve film is 1000～5000, and measuring thoroughly is 0.5～1.0kg/m
2.hr, separation performance is suitable with it.
Comparative example 4
(4) professor Morooka of Japanese Kyushu university adopts the method for conventional heating to synthesize the A type molecular sieve film and it is applied to gas delivery from colloidal sol, and its synthetic prescription is 2Na
2O: Al
2O
3: 2SiO
2: 120H
2O, H in the time of 35 ℃
2/ C
3H
8Ideal separation factor be about 10, H
2Saturating amount be 10
-7Mol/m
2.s.Pa. (select from Journal of Membrane Sciences, vol.141,1994, p197).Our synthetic also is from colloidal sol, but prescription differs bigger with us, and under their formula rate, we can not allot sol system.Our synthetic molecular screen membrane is H in the time of 25 ℃
2/ n-C
4H
10Ideal separation factor be 11.9 (n-C
4H
10And C
3H
8Have identical kinetic diameter), H
2Saturating amount be 2 * 10
-6Mol/m
2.s.Pa., their synthetic A type molecular sieve film of its separation performance and Morooka is suitable, measures than having improved 20 times thoroughly, and this has fully shown the superiority of microwave heating to synthesize molecular sieve film.
Claims (5)
1. the method for a microwave heating to synthesize molecular sieve film is characterized in that preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparation of the synthetic liquid of molecular sieve, filling a prescription is aNa
2O: Al
2O
3: 5SiO
2: bH
2O, a=5.0～20.0, b=500～4000;
(2) the porous basement membrane is placed synthetic liquid, utilize microwave heating synthetic, temperature is 50 ℃～100 ℃, and generated time is 10～60 minutes;
(3) washing and drying.
2. by the method for the described microwave heating to synthesize molecular sieve film of claim 1, it is characterized in that: a=8.0～10.0 wherein, b=800～1500.
3. by the method for the described microwave heating to synthesize molecular sieve film of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the porous basement membrane is the porous oxide basement membrane, and the basement membrane aperture is 0.05～100 μ m.
4. by the method for the described microwave heating to synthesize molecular sieve film of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the basement membrane aperture is 0.1～10 μ m.
5. by the method for claim 1,2,3,4 described microwave heating to synthesize molecular sieve film, it is characterized in that: before microwave heating is synthetic, the porous membrane surface is coated with one deck molecular sieve crystal makes crystal seed.
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