CN1267488A - Filter medium for reducing harmful substance in tobacco smoke fog - Google Patents

Abstract

A filter material for reducing the content of harmful substances in tobacco smoke. The filter material comprises a ground and not additionally activated expanded clay produced without adding foreign substances, and zeolite as the filter material. The filter is suitable for tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos, and for smoking articles such as tobacco pipes and cigarette and cigar holders.

Description

Be used for reducing the filter medium of tobacco smoke harmful substance

The present invention relates to the filter medium that is used for reducing the tobacco smoke harmful substance of claim 1 preamble type.

Produce tobacco smoke in result of combustion of tobacco, it is a kind of aerosol, by a kind of gas phase and a kind of condensate liquid phase composition.The composition of the gas phase of tobacco smoke is simple relatively, it contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and inert gas, in addition also contains Toxic matter such as carbon monoxide (about 4.2%), hydrogen cyanide (about 0.16%), ammonia (about 0.03%), nitrogen oxide (about 0.02%) and hydrogen sulfide.In contrast to this, the main component of internal substance is " tar " in the condensation liquid phase, and the original flavor and the flavoring agent that constitute tobacco smoke fragrance are wherein also arranged.

Be well known that for a long time smoking is unhealthful enduringly.Which composition of tobacco smoke, produce the effect that can be observed according to smoking habit, tobacco consumption and definite composition with different degree in detail and still imperfectly understand.According to statistics, easily suffer from arteriosclerosis among the smoker, the number of coronary vessels diseases, miocardial infarction and stomach trouble and intestinal disease increases, reason due to nicotine and part owing to the effect of carbon monoxide.Another kind of noxious material, be the regeneration that hydrogen cyanide stops cilliated epithelium in the respiratory tract, and stop white blood cell to form.Very often pharyngolaryngitis and the particularly bronchitis (smokers' cough) that occurs is relevant with phenol, acid, aldehyde and ketone composition in the tobacco smoke.

In order to reduce the harmful substance contents in the tobacco smoke, cigarette with filter tip, filter tip cigar, filter tip cigarlet and cigarette holder, cigar mouth and tobacco pipe have been developed in the past, in their cigarette holder, filter medium should filter out the part of nicotine and tar, and does not keep main fragrance matter here at this.These filter mediums are made up of cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene, wadding or paper or active carbon.

Use contains the mineral of silicate, particularly clay, kaolin and feldspar as the adsorbent in the tobacco filter according to DE-OS1517272.Yet shortcoming is that according to open source literature, mentioned filter medium must be eliminated by the processing of distilled water or acid or by the ion that electrolysis or electrodialysis will be adhered to, so that can be used.In addition, mainly be that the tar material of condensation liquid phase is reduced and reduces than the noxious material in major general's gas phase.

By the known a kind of method of making tobacco smog filte r argillaceous of AT-PS368686.To this, the mixture that the additive that the blast-furnace slag that will be pulverized by the clay of 40 to 90 percentage by weights, 5 to 20 percentage by weights and 2 to 20 percentage by weights constitute pore is formed mixes mutually with moisture many copper salt solutions, drying, and is heated for the additive of getting rid of moisture, burning or evaporation formation pore and formation cupric oxide subsequently and cools off.Blast-furnace slag is made up of the silica of about calcium oxide of 35 to 48%, 30-38%, aluminium oxide and a spot of magnesia, manganese oxide, iron oxide, five phosphorous oxide (Phosphorpentoxid) and the calcium sulfide of 6-18% usually.Therefore, this filter medium is the uniform mixture of clay, blast-furnace slag and cupric oxide.The shortcoming of here filter medium is that especially also therefore particularly original flavor and flavoring agent are absorbed the condensation liquid phase of tobacco smoke.Other shortcoming is that manufacturing is bothersome and cost is high, and adds the copper salt solution that contains heavy metal.

Known other filter medium, they form a kind of paper tinsel and are made up of a kind of adhesive such as methylcellulose and a kind of fine fibre shape material that is provided with adsorbent (Adsorbentien).As adsorbent is known active carbon, silica gel, asbestos fibre or polyethylene glycol arranged.The advantage of this filter medium is, by the adsorbent that the coating selectivity works, filters definite harmful substance, mainly is phenol in this case.Shortcoming is to have proved that except using the asbestos fibre that causes tumour, the major part of original flavor and flavoring agent is filtered in the tobacco smoke fragrance.

It is the filter medium that the activated carbon granule of 0.1-2mm is made that DE-OS1517298 has described by maximum gauge, and they combine by a kind of adhesive such as polyvinyl resin or polyethylene.Shortcoming is equally, mainly be tar material and thereby be that original flavor and flavoring agent in the tobacco smoke fragrance is filtered, rather than poisonous gas phase composition such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide or ammonia are filtered.

According to DE-GM8706686, a kind of other filter medium is made up of the mixture of activated carbon granule and sepiolite, and it is used to reduce tar material, harmful substance and nicotine and flavoring agent.Sepiolite is a kind of multiporous mineral, and it also holds a large amount of moistures except that holding tar and nicotine.The bonding absorption of active carbon that improved by moisture for flavoring agent, harmful substance and tar material.But shortcoming is, has also filtered the original flavor in the tobacco smoke fragrance except that flavoring agent.

Propose the clay as filter medium in DE-OS2925001, because it forms the characteristic of gel and film, these clays can be by coating on carrier material such as cellulose acetate fibre or paper.What play a decisive role for its application is its swelling.Therefore, mainly be bentonite, be fit to as sodium montmorillonite (Natriummontmorillonite) and sodium Attagel (Natriumattapulgite).

WO 96/07335A1 has described a kind of filter medium of being made by zeolite with hydrophobic property.This filter medium can be used in combination with active carbon or cellulose.Also known in addition such filter, it or contain silica gel or contain pure active carbon.

The shortcoming of known filter medium is, mainly be to filter the tar material that has reduced the condensation liquid phase, and the noxious material minimizing is few.Because forming the original flavor and the flavoring agent of tobacco smoke fragrance is equally in the condensation liquid phase, and is reduced with tar, therefore the use of described filter medium has negative effect to smoking.Other shortcoming is the filtration time of the weak point of described filter medium.Just use in cigarette holder, cigar mouth and tobacco pipe and filter medium that correspondingly be used multiple times in, saturation degree and therefore losing of filtration reached relatively soon, and can be discovered hardly in appearance.In addition, the smoker must expend high suction force in several filter mediums, because tobacco smoke can not freely flow through filter medium.

The objective of the invention is, a kind of filter medium is provided, the minimizing of its tar in improving the condensation liquid phase, eliminate the noxious material in the gas phase as far as possible fully, and do not reduce tobacco smoke fragrance and original flavor and flavoring agent at this.In addition, provide a kind of filter medium, it guarantees long filtration, show exhausting and allowing tobacco smoke pass through easily of filter medium, and the smoker needn't increase suction force when smoking.

Above-mentioned purpose realizes by the feature of claim 1.Dependent claims has provided further structure and favourable structure.

By on purpose using in the following material at least 3 kinds, being that at least 3 kinds of materials in marble, active carbon, clay or the zeolite are used for tobacco product such as cigarette, cigar or cigarlet and are used for smoking auxiliaring device such as tobacco pipe, cigarette holder and cigar mouth as filter medium, can realize, the harmful substance of the harmful substance of condensation liquid phase and particularly gas phase is greatly reduced, and simultaneously the original flavor and the flavoring agent of tobacco smoke fragrance is not had negative effect.

Prove in practice, compare, use at least three kinds of described material can improve filtration with using single material.The improvement of filtration is on the validity owing to the activity that homogenous material is absorbed with harmful substances, mutual useful influence.What can imagine is, a kind of material helps forming condensate liquid, and another kind of adjacent material irreversibly is absorbed with harmful substances.

Therefore, filtering feature is reinforced, and is better than the single component addition.Composition can change in to a certain degree.At this, for example determine the component of activated carbon granule like this, make as far as possible little for the influence of original flavor and flavoring agent.

Therefore, another kind of constitute be that filter medium is by the marble of 20-45%, the 35-60% active carbon, multiporous clay of 5-25% and/or 10-35% zeolite are formed.

Filter medium under this amount demonstrates good synergy.

This filter medium can be used as pellet and constitutes, and granular size is between the 0.1-2mm at diameter.

The packing density that the upper limit of granular size should guarantee to reach enough and enough filler degree, and the mixing of filter medium or being full of to small part can appear.Too high flow resistance should be avoided and stop to lower limit, makes very little particle be dragged and leave away filter with flowing.

Also possible is that filter medium is constructed as rolled-up stock.

The advantage of doing like this is, filter can be equably, ground and can be repeated the manufactured place and fill with filter medium plugs the gap.Prevent that thus tobacco smoke in the inflow filter is inhomogeneous and do not flow through filter contiguously with filter medium.

Design comprises cellulose fibre in addition in the filter medium in addition.

Cellulose fibre is known as filter medium, and is suitable for reducing the harmful substance of condensation phase.The share of cellulose in mixture limited like this, and promptly in used higher share, the suction force that is used for smoking that the smoker is used is improved greatly, and occurs original flavor simultaneously and increase weakening of flavor.

For noxious material in the gas phase, itself has only slight influence cellulose fibre.But combine the minimizing that can improve tar material in the condensation liquid phase with described filter medium and eliminate noxious material in the gas phase as far as possible, do not reduce tobacco flavor simultaneously, therefore do not cause and reduce original flavor and flavoring agent.

This is because cellulose fibre has pre-determined the flow direction of tobacco smoke in the filter and has been used to make tobacco smoke and remaining filter medium even contact to a great extent.Prevented that thus tobacco smoke from not contacting with filter medium and flow through at the not really pycnomorphous position of pellet.

For this purpose, can and longitudinally there be direction to penetrate filter with the cellulose fibre arranged parallel with changing.

Realize that thus tobacco smoke flows through filter equably and contacts with filter medium.In this structure, cellulose fibre forms the passage of long distance, makes flow resistance keep very for a short time thus.

In addition, also can make single cellulose fibre longitudinally penetrate filter, and repeatedly change simultaneously direction ground forward and back.

In this case, constitute the passage that cavity and direction change by cellulose fibre, like this, the tobacco smoke of inflow filter will be come out and must be contacted with filter medium more simultaneously through longer path by filter.Therefore, can on filter medium, carry out more condensation and absorption process.

Favourable structure is, is positioned on the single cellulose fibre and/or is positioned in the passage that is made of cellulose fibre and/or in the cavity as the filter medium of pellet.

Because the path of tobacco smoke is pre-determined by cellulose fibre in filter, make tobacco smoke contact best thus with filter medium.

If filter medium is made of as powder marble, active carbon, many pores clay or zeolite, can realize better contact.This powder can simplyr be inserted in the filter, particularly when using cellulose fibre.

Another kind of structure is that the many pores clay that is used as filter medium is a kind of expanded clay.

In order to make expanded clay, will add the water homogenising by the raw clay that the group material separates and smash to pieces.Then, this clay is shaped in about 800 ℃ of following dryings and by a kind of special spinning solution in a rotary furnace.This clay expands down at about 1200 ℃ in combustion process subsequently.

Use expanded clay to replace the advantage of other many pores clay to be that expanded clay is owing to its manufacture does not have chemical additive.

Therefore expanded clay is passed by air chamber and passage and does not have a chemical residue.Thus, other many pores clay of the surface ratio of expanded clay is more suitable for being used for being absorbed in the harmful substance that tobacco smoke exists.At this, meticulous passage helps the deposition of condensate liquid and helps the deposition of wherein contained harmful substance.

In addition, the characteristics of expanded clay are expansion expansive force that it is little and the shape stability that is associated therewith, have improved the filtration life-span thus.The high surface area of expanded clay is owing to big contact surface between filter medium and tobacco smoke has guaranteed long filtration.Smoker's smoking must with the variation of suction force when using expanded clay discover less than.Smog freely flows through filter medium under good surface contact.

Another kind of structure is that the use zeolite does not have fine fiber structure.Prevent that thus fine fibre from coming off and carrying and be inhaled into by flowing.

By using zeolite to reach the harmful substance that reduces in the condensation liquid and gas as filter medium.At this, also can use a kind of material, hollow and passage is particularly suitable for leaching harmful substance in the tobacco smoke to this material owing to its surface texture has, and little in this influence for tobacco smoke fragrance.

It is its surface texture that zeolite contains the advantage that silicate material such as silica gel compares with clay with other, and it has good hydration characteristic, ion exchange property and property of the molecular sieve.Compare with the common commercial available silicate filter medium that contains, it helps reducing the harmful substance in tobacco smoke gas phase and the condensation liquid phase.

Another kind of structure is, the material that constitutes filter medium can not mix abreast and is used as polyphase system.

Realize the raising of filtration and filter clogging effect thus.In two-phase system, for example the harmful substance of tobacco smoke is leached in mutually, otherwise their can have a negative impact on filtration and filter clogging effect first.Correspondingly in a polyphase system, can carry out the configuration of phase like this, the feasible harmful substance that reaches filter medium mutual positive influences as far as possible well minimizing tobacco smoke.

In addition, the material that constitutes filter medium also can mix mutually as mixing mutually system and uses.

Realize thus, improve filtration and filter clogging effect selectively for single harmful substance.This is because contact and consequent mutual favourable influence aspect filtration and filter clogging effect closely between filter medium.

Stipulate that in addition filter medium can not have to be used actively.

Reach thus, do not need the preliminary treatment (pickling, alkali cleaning or washing are heated, and bubble rises, homogeneity, drying or the like) that filter medium is expended.This means cost saving.

Filter preferably comprises one and exhausts indicator.

Realize thus, show termination in appearance the absorbability of harmful substance at filter medium.Filter should be risen by certain demonstration and be replaced, because the absorption characteristic of filter medium becomes very little for the harmful substance that reduces tobacco smoke effectively.

In the enforcement of a reality, exhausting indicator can be made by marble.

Realize thus, by bright deepening the termination of filter medium to the harmful substance absorbability is shown by marmorean color.Reached certain color depth, this filter should have been changed.

Cellulose has the characteristic identical with marble, and at this, certain color depth also illustrates the termination to the harmful substance absorbability.

Preferably will exhaust the indicator streamwise is placed in after the filter medium.The advantage of this configuration is that apparent variation is just arranged when filter medium almost exhausts.But a very fast sudden change of indicator also occurs exhausting, thus, the termination of filter availability is shown clearly.

Another kind of structure is, on the filter or interiorly settle nozzle in a kind of venturi at least.

Realize that thus the tobacco smoke stream that enters in the filter at first is accelerated in a portion of narrowing down of filter, and then is decelerated in the portion that broadens.Because the turbulent flow on the narrowest cross section of filter that interrelates therewith, make tobacco smoke mix with herein filter medium equably, thus, make harmful substance contact and be absorbed with filter medium fast and fully.

In addition, a face should be set after the nozzle in venturi directly, the tobacco smoke that is accelerated flows in face of it.

Show that in practice the harmful substance in the tobacco smoke condensation liquid and gas impinges upon on the face that is provided with after the nozzle in the venturi with high speed, and precipitated there.

If the face that is provided with after the nozzle in nozzle and/or the venturi in the venturi is made by marble, active carbon, clay, zeolite and/or cellulose, then realize improved filter effect.

Embodiments of the invention below are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein,

Fig. 1 is the sectional side elevation that has the filter that mixes phase filter made medium by,

Fig. 2 is the sectional side elevation that has the filter of polyphase system filter medium by,

Fig. 3 is the sectional side elevation that has the filter of the cellulose fibre that mixes phase filter made medium and vertically distribute by,

Fig. 4 is the sectional side elevation that has the filter of the cellulose fibre that polyphase system filter medium and direction change by.

Filter illustrated in the accompanying drawings has a cylindrical shell 10 respectively, and it can be inserted into and connect together in the cigarette holder or with cigarette or be manufactured in together.Shell 10 is by one first extremity piece 12 and one second extremity piece 14 sealings, and they will be fixed at the material in the shell 10. Extremity piece 12,14 is provided with a plurality of holes 16, and they allow tobacco smoke pass through, and the material in the shell 10 is maintained.In filtering area 18, filter medium is arranged, and settled one to exhaust indicator 28 in an indicator district 20.In the accompanying drawings, tobacco smoke by filter, like this, at first is that filtering area 18 is that indicator district 20 is flow through then from left to right.

Filter among Fig. 1 relates to a kind of mixing and makes mutually.In filtering area 18, filter medium is settled mixedly.Relate to expanded clay in detail, zeolite and active carbon, they have the structure of material grain.Granular size is between 0.1mm to 2mm.If with machine shell 10 is feeded, and wish to have the component situation of consistent single filter medium, then mixing mutually, system is to have advantage especially.Indicator district 20 is connected on after the filtering area 18 and by indicator material 28 and fills, and is marble at this this material.Here, it also is the material grain.

Filter among Fig. 2 relates to a kind of polyphase system.In filtering area 18, filter medium is by respectively with the multilayer arranged adjacent.In shown embodiment, at first be an active carbon layer 26, be a zeolite layer 24 then, then be an expanded clay layer 22, above-mentioned then these three layers are repeated twice again, and wherein the sequencing of each layer has nothing in common with each other.This structure is favourable when manual the filling.Be connected identical among indicator district 20 and the Fig. 1 after the filtering area 18.In the description of Fig. 2, filter medium also is to exist with the form of expecting grain.Identical among diameter range and Fig. 1.

Filter among Fig. 3 relates to as a kind of mixing of Fig. 1 to be made mutually.In filter housing 10, be provided with the cellulose fibre 30 that arranged parallel longitudinally distributes for filter medium set among Fig. 1 is additional, except that filtration, these cellulose fibres 30 are suitable for tobacco smoke is passed through filter with desirable mode delivery.At this, tobacco smoke flows through filter equably and contacts with filter medium.In this configuration, these cellulose fibres 30 form the passage of long distance, and it is very little thus flow resistance to be remained.

Filter among Fig. 4 relates to a kind of polyphase system as Fig. 2.In filter housing 10, additionally longitudinally be provided with cellulose fibre 30 for filter medium set among Fig. 2, they repeatedly change direction forward and backward.

The passage that these cellulose fibres constitute cavity and change direction, thus, the tobacco smoke of inflow must just can leave filter housings 10 through a long path, and often contacts with filter medium simultaneously.

Claims (21)

1. be used for reducing the filter of tobacco smoke harmful substance, especially for tobacco product such as cigarette, cigar or cigarlet, and be used for smoking auxiliaring device such as tobacco pipe, cigarette holder and cigar mouth, it is characterized in that filter medium is made up of three kinds of materials in marble, active carbon, many pores clay or the zeolitic material at least.

2. according to the filter of claim 1, it is characterized in that filter medium is made up of 20-45% marble, 35-60% active carbon, 5-25% clay and/or 10-35% zeolite.

3. according to the filter of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that filter medium constitutes as the material grain, its granular size is between 0.1-2mm.

4. according to the filter of one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that filter medium constitutes as stampings.

5. according to the filter of one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that filter medium comprises cellulose fibre in addition.

6. according to the filter of claim 5, it is characterized in that these cellulose fibres are by arranged parallel and longitudinally do not have direction to penetrate filter with changing.

7. according to the filter of claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that these cellulose fibres longitudinally penetrate filter, repeatedly change direction forward and backward at this.

8. according to the filter of one of claim 5 to 7, it is characterized in that the filter medium that exists as the material grain is positioned on these single cellulose fibres, and/or is positioned in the passage and/or cavity that is made of these cellulose fibres.

9. according to the filter of one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that filter medium is made of as powder marble, active carbon, many pores clay or zeolite.

10. according to the filter of one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that this many pores clay is an expanded clay.

11. the filter according to one of claim 1 to 10 is characterized in that, uses zeolite, does not have fine fiber structure.

12. the filter according to one of claim 1 to 11 is characterized in that, the material that constitutes filter medium can be used as polyphase system and is used side by side by unmixed ground.

13. the filter according to one of claim 1 to 12 is characterized in that, the material that constitutes filter medium can be used as mixing and make mutual mixing ground use mutually.

14. the filter according to one of claim 1 to 13 is characterized in that, filter medium can be used to un-activation.

15. the filter according to one of claim 1 to 14 is characterized in that, filter comprises one and exhausts indicator.

16. the filter according to claim 15 is characterized in that, exhausts indicator and is made by marble.

17. the filter according to claim 15 is characterized in that, exhausts indicator and is made by cellulose fibre.

18. according to the filter of claim to 15 to one of 17, it is characterized in that, exhaust the indicator streamwise and be placed in after the filter medium.

19., it is characterized in that, settled on filter or in the filter at least one venturi-nozzle according to the filter of claim to 1 to one of 18.

20. the filter according to claim to 19 is characterized in that, directly in venturi-be provided with a face after the nozzle, the tobacco smoke that is accelerated is moving in face of this surface current.

21. the filter according to claim to 19 or 20 is characterized in that, in the venturi-and the face that is provided with after nozzle and/or in venturi-nozzle made by marble, active carbon, clay, zeolite and/or cellulose.

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