CN1264817A - Cooling method for high temp objects and cooling appts. thereof - Google Patents
Cooling method for high temp objects and cooling appts. thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1264817A CN1264817A CN 99103492 CN99103492A CN1264817A CN 1264817 A CN1264817 A CN 1264817A CN 99103492 CN99103492 CN 99103492 CN 99103492 A CN99103492 A CN 99103492A CN 1264817 A CN1264817 A CN 1264817A
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Abstract
A method and equipment for uniformly cooling the high-temp object during short time without wetting it is disclosed. When nozzle spraying atomized water is used for direct cooling, the nozzle head is perforated opposite the surface to be cooled, and rotates around its axis. The rotation sped is controlled according to the position of the surface to be cooled. The diameter of atomized water drop is controlled with the temp of the surface to be cooled to make the impact speed of water drop with maximal diameter higher than the speed to destroy the water drop. The spraying body is surrounded by high-speed gas fluid is sheath state, which is prayed out from the spraying-out holes.
Description
The present invention relates to the spraying cooling means of high temp objects.
At the molten iron of the torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage of steel plant, converter etc., molten steel draw-out device, when equipment is studied for a second time courses one has flunked, these devices, the inner refractory material of equipment (the structure object that hereinafter claims refractory material) must cool off.
In this case, for life-span and the shortening operation that prolongs refractory material, when must (1) keeping cooling and cooled refractory surface high dry state (hereinafter referred to as but dry and cold), cooling and (3) are in refractory material equalization cooling everywhere in (2) short time.
The cooling means of previously disclosed structure of refractory object has: (1) cooling method of directly spraying water; (2) reach (3) in the inside of structure of refractory object with air-cooling, be blown into the cooling means (spy opens clear 61-159251 number, and is for reference) of the air draught that adds water droplet.
But in method (1), the wetting and inhomogeneous cooling of refractory material etc. is inevitably during cooling, and there is problem in the life-span of refractory material, in method (2), has the problem that requires long-time cooling.
In addition, in said method (3), (a) outside from the structure object of the refractory material of pans is blown into the air draught that adds water droplet to its inside, and the accuracy rate that the face that is cooled of refractory material contacts with water droplet is low, and the evaporation latent heat of water droplet can not effectively utilize, therefore cool time is long, (b) mobile route of water droplet leans on flowing of air, so impartial cooling difficulty, (c) because the wetting refractory material of water droplet, the quality badness of refractory material has the danger of explosion when repairing the back drying.
In steel plant, the operation of artificial cooling metal sheets is arranged, require industrial precision well and fast to cool off.Spray cooling in the past can not satisfy above-mentioned requirement.
The objective of the invention is to solve the problem that prior art exists, the object that the condition of high temperature is provided at short notice, the cooling means and the cooling device of the face that can nonwetting and impartial cooling be cooled.
The feature of the method for first kind of cooling down high-temperature object of the present invention is, when high temp objects cools off, directly contact with the face of being cooled from the spray water of nozzle ejection and to cool off, when cooling, use has and is cooled relatively and the tubular nozzle head of the nozzle of perforate, and this nozzle head is a center rotation ejection water spray with the axis of nozzle head.In this cooling means, control the angular velocity of rotation of this nozzle head at any time according to the position of the face of being cooled.
The feature of the method for second kind of cooling down high-temperature object of the present invention is, when high temp objects cools off, directly cools off with the spray water of nozzle, when cooling, controls the diameter of nozzle spray water drop over time according to the surface temperature that is cooled.Wherein, be when cooling off below 200 ℃ by the temperature of huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), the maximum particle diameter of preferably using water droplet is that 100 μ m average even particle diameter following or water droplet is the following spray water of 85 μ m.
Moreover, after directly cooling off with the spray water of said nozzle, preferably carry out the air cooling.When high temp objects cools off, the temperature of object of being cooled is during greater than 200 ℃, more preferably the maximum particle diameter of water droplet is directly cooled off above the spray water of 85 μ m above the average grain diameter of 100 μ m or water droplet, when the temperature of the face of being cooled is less than or equal to 200 ℃ greater than 50 ℃, the maximum particle diameter of using water droplet is that 100 μ m average grain diameter following or water droplet is that the following spray water of 85 μ m is directly cooled off, during more than or equal to 50 ℃, carried out the air cooling by the huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) temperature.Above-mentioned air cooling but preferably uses the pressure air cooling of pressure fan.
The feature of the method for the third cooling down high-temperature object of the present invention is, uses the spray water of nozzle directly to cool off, and when cooling, the impact velocity of the water droplet of spray water maximum particle diameter on the face of being cooled surpasses the destruction impact velocity of this maximum particle diameter water droplet.In the present invention, the vertical vector of the impact velocity of the water droplet of maximum particle diameter on the face of being cooled surpasses the destruction impact velocity of the water droplet of this maximum particle diameter in the spray water.
And, in the another kind of scheme of the third method, when cooling, at the peripheral part of the squit hole of nozzle spray water direction ejection air to the ejection spray water, the air capacity of ejection is to decide according to the temperature of the water yield density of destroying water droplet and the face that is cooled, and the water yield density of described destruction water droplet is to derive from the particle diameter distribution of the water droplet particle of nozzle ejection and the impact velocity of water droplet particle on the face of being cooled.
The feature of the method for the 4th kind of cooling down high-temperature object of the present invention is, when high temp objects cools off, uses the water of nozzle ejection directly to cool off, when cooling, at the peripheral part of spray water squit hole on the direction of spray water ejection, the ejection air.
A scheme in the 4th kind of method is, in the method for using the spraying cooling, surrounds this body spray with the gaseous fluid of high speed with the sheath shape.
The 5th invention is that a kind of spray nozzle is characterized in that, in spray nozzle, in the periphery of atomizing nozzle-end, is provided with and the gas squit hole of the perforate of the emission direction equidirectional of spraying.Wherein, this gas squit hole and the gas pipe arrangement that is used to spray independently pipe arrangement communicate.
The 6th invention of the present invention provided a kind of cooling device of high temp objects, it is characterized in that it is the whirligig 10 of the nozzle head of center rotation with the axis that makes this nozzle head 4 with nozzle head that the tubular nozzle head 4 of the water spray nozzle 3 of the face perforate that is cooled is relatively arranged.In the present invention, more preferably, have and detect nozzle head at any time at the checkout gear 20 of the angle position of direction of rotation with control the control device 21 of the angular speed of nozzle head 4 at any time according to the detected value of checkout gear 20.
In the device of above-mentioned cooling down high-temperature object, described water spray nozzle 3 is at the nozzle of air-atomizing nozzle tip periphery setting with the air ejiction opening of spray water emission direction essence equidirectional perforate.
Below, the present invention is described in more detail.
The present invention can be widely used in the cooling of the refractory material of structure of refractory objects such as torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage in the steel plant, converter, casting ladle, deaerating tank, pans, heating furnace, hot-blast stove, also can be applied to the cooling of structure of refractory object in addition.Can also be used for the cooling of steel billet and steel plate.In general, can be used for the cooling of sizable object.Be that the situation of structure of refractory object describes based on cooled body below.
The present inventor is for solving above-mentioned prior art problems, and the result who in depth studies has developed the new technology of following (1)-(7), has finished the present invention.[impartial cooling]
(1) structure of refractory object when cooling, use nozzle spray water directly to cool off, when this cooling, use the rotating nozzle head that nozzle is installed, make spray water directly impact the surface that is cooled, all impartial cooling in the surface that will be cooled (first invents).And, impact the position on the surface that is cooled according to spray water and momentarily control the angular speed that this nozzle head rotates, the face of being cooled is cooled off equably.[but dry and cold]
When (2) refractory material cools off, directly cool off with the spray water of nozzle, during cooling, according to cold-boundary temperature over time, the liquid-drop diameter of control spray water carries out the non-wetted cooling of refractory material (second invention) whereby.
The embodiment preferred of above-mentioned second invention, the temperature that can enumerate the face of being cooled are that the average grain diameter of 100 μ m or water droplet is the water-cooled methods of spraying below the 85 μ m with the maximum particle diameter of water droplet when cooling off below 200 ℃.
In above-mentioned second invention and preferred scheme thereof, with the spray water of said nozzle carry out direct-cooled but after, preferably carry out air and cool off with pressure fan, can carry out the complete but dry and cold of refractory body whereby.
(3) in the preferred version of above-mentioned second invention, during the refractory material cooling, when the temperature of face of being cooled surpasses 200 ℃, the average grain diameter that surpasses 100 μ m or water droplet with the water droplet maximum particle diameter is directly cooled off above the spray water of 85 μ m, be cooled the temperature of face below 200 ℃ more than 50 ℃ the time, directly cool off in the spray water of average grain diameter below 85 μ m of 100 μ m or water droplet with the water droplet maximum particle diameter, be cooled the temperature of face below 50 ℃ the time, preferably carry out air cooling with pressure fan, it is but dry and cold completely to carry out refractory body.
In the preferred version of above-mentioned second invention, the maximum particle diameter of regulation drop particle diameter or the reason of average grain diameter are that the water droplet maximum particle diameter is that the average grain diameter of the corresponding water droplet of spray water of 100 μ m is 85 μ m.[short time cooling and but dry and cold]
When (4) refractory material cools off, directly cool off with nozzle spray water, when this cooling, make the impact velocity of the maximum particle diameter water droplet of spray water on the face of being cooled surpass the breakdown speed of the water droplet of this maximum particle diameter, promote evaporation of water whereby, evaporation of water latent heat is effectively utilized, and has finished short time cooling and dry and cold but (the 3rd invention) of refractory material.
(5) in the 3rd above-mentioned invention, when this cooling, according to the particle diameter from the water droplet particle of nozzle spray distribute and on the face of being cooled the impact velocity of water droplet particle derive the water yield density of destroying water droplet, and determine on the spray water emission direction according to the temperature of the water yield density of destroying water droplet and the face that is cooled, air mass flow by the peripheral part ejection of the spray water squit hole of nozzle, keep near the partial vapour pressure of the face that is cooled to be lower than saturated vapour pressure whereby, finish refractory material short time cooling and but dry and cold.
(6) when refractory material cools off, carry out the direct cooling of nozzle spray water, when this cooling, with from the peripheral part of spray water squit hole with the direction ejection air substantially the same with the spray water emission direction.Generally speaking in the cooling of spraying, can take to surround the method that body spray also contacts the face that is cooled with the sheath shape with gas at a high speed.In this method, also can answer water-air liquid-gas in addition.According to this method, improve spraying water droplet translational speed in the air-flow, just promote the destruction of spray water water droplet on the face that is cooled, finish short time cooling and dry and cold but (the 4th invention) of the refractory material of the low steam partial pressure evaporation of water latent heat of effective utilization.
(7) in nozzle-type spraying, at the gas squit hole (the 5th invents) of the direction perforate substantially the same with the peripheral part setting of atomizing nozzle tip end and the emission direction of body spray.With the gas pipe arrangement of this body spray the pipe arrangement that is connected with the above-mentioned gas squit hole is set independently mutually.Thus, be suitable for said method, the gas of high flow rate, high flow capacity and body spray are sprayed independently.[implement impartial cooling, dry and cold but with the cooling device of short time cooling]
(8) be the cooling device that above-mentioned first cooling means of inventing is preferably used, be to have the tubular nozzle of water spray nozzle head is arranged and to be the cooling device (the 6th invention) of equalization cooling of made refractory body of the nozzle head whirligig of center rotation with the axis of nozzle head.In this cooling device, the checkout gear detect the angle position of nozzle head on direction of rotation at any time also is set and, controls the control device of nozzle head angular velocity of rotation at any time according to, the value that this checkout gear detects.
(9) preferred version of above-mentioned the 6th invention is above-mentioned water spray nozzle, use is on the periphery of the air-water spray formula nozzle tip direction substantially the same with the spray water emission direction, the nozzle of the air ejiction opening of opening is set, finished whereby refractory body equalization cooling, dry and coldly but cool off with the short time.
Below, with description of drawings first to the 6th invention of the present invention.[first invention]
First invention is, when the cooling of the structure object of refractory material, uses the rotating nozzle head of the nozzle that the cooling surface that spray water directly impacts refractory material is installed, and makes all impartial cooling of the face of being cooled.And impacting the face of being cooled according to spray water is the position of refractory surface, controls the angular speed of this nozzle head rotation at any time.
Fig. 1 shows the side view of an example of the cooling device of the refractory material that is used for torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage of the present invention.
In Fig. 1,1 expression torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage, 2 expression torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage refractory materials, 3 expression spray nozzles, 4 expression nozzle heads, 5 expression spray water, the 6th, expression spraying water pipe arrangement (flexible pipe) (system 6), 7 expression spraying compressed air pipe arrangements (flexible pipe), the air pipe arrangement of the water droplet usefulness or the air cooling usefulness of spray water is quickened in 8 expressions, 9 represent that acceleration spray water water droplets are used or the air blower of air cooling usefulness, and 10 expressions are by motor, the lowering or hoisting gear of the whirligig 11 expression nozzle heads of the nozzle head that circuit etc. constitute, 12 expression winches, 13 express support for roller, 14 expression coasters, the flexible bellows of 15 expressions, 16 expression steel wire ropes, 17,18,19 expression stands, 20 expressions detect the checkout gear (hereinafter claiming nozzle head direction of rotation angular position detection device) of angle position in nozzle head 4 direction of rotation at any time, and the control device (hereinafter claiming nozzle head angular velocity of rotation control device) of nozzle head 4 angular speed, f are controlled in 21 expressions at any time
RShow the direction of rotation of nozzle head, f
NHShow the lifting direction of nozzle head.
As shown in Figure 1, during 2 coolings of the refractory material of torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage 1, the lowering or hoisting gear 11 of the nozzle that is made of nozzle head 4, winch 12, support roller 13, coaster 14 etc. is arranged on the inside of torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage 1.
On the one hand, spray simultaneously air from the peripheral part of the nozzle tip of water spray nozzle 3 independently by pressure fan 9 and spray water, quicken the flow velocity of the spray water 5 in the torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage 1 with this air, promote destruction, the evaporation of spray water water droplet on the face that is cooled, improve cooling velocity to finish hurried cooling.
Fig. 2 shows the details drawing of water spray nozzle 3 among Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 (a) is the plane of water spray nozzle, rotation (direction f in the plane parallel with paper
RExpression).Fig. 2 (b) is the front view that the A-A of Fig. 2 (a) analyses and observe, and Fig. 2 (c) is the side view that the b-b of Fig. 2 (a) analyses and observe.
Moreover, in Fig. 2,3 expression water spray nozzles, 3a represents air-water spray formula nozzle tip, 3b represents the air ejiction opening, 30 expression spraying water streams, the compressed air stream that 31 expression water sprays are used, 32 expression spray water compressed air streams, 33 expression spray water are quickened with air (hereinafter claiming spray water to quicken to use air) pipe arrangement, 34 expression nozzle spray water, 35 expression spray water quicken to use air, f
NwThe emission direction of expression nozzle spray water, f
AThe expression spray water is quickened the direction with the air ejection.
As shown in Figure 2, water spray nozzle 3 at the peripheral part place of the most advanced and sophisticated 3a of air-water spray formula nozzle, is provided with the air ejiction opening 3b of opening on the direction identical with the direction essence of spray water ejection.
Also as shown in Figure 2, spray water is quickened with the rear ejection of air from nozzle.Thus, the impact velocity of (1) spray water water droplet on the face of being cooled just greater than the destruction impact velocity of water droplet, therefore, promotes evaporation of water, improved cooling capacity.(2) the above air of saturated air amount of the corresponding evaporated water of importing carries out the but dry and cold of refractory material.In this manual, said here spray water is quickened to use air, is sometimes referred to as to stir and uses air.
Below, the principle in first invention is described.
Fig. 3 shows the cutaway view (plane) of the major part of torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage in the cooling device of refractory material of torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage of Fig. 1.
In Fig. 3, θ is the center line f of the emission direction of central shaft (rotating shaft) lT of torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage and spray water
NWCThe angle that is become, the unit are of refractory material cooling surface when s (θ=90 °), s (θ=0 °) represent θ=90 °, θ=0 ° respectively, other symbol is identical with content illustrated in figures 1 and 2.
In Fig. 3, under the situation that nozzle head 4 rotates at any time with certain angular velocity of rotation, the heat transfer coefficient of the refractory surface of the face that is cooled is shown in Fig. 4 over time,
Promptly with the quite heat transfer coefficient α of the refractory surface at place following formula (1) expression of angle θ.
α=f (θ)=g (because of the gas phase heat transfer coefficient that water yield density, impact velocity, particle diameter distribute, Forced Air Convection causes) ... (1)
This be because, quite locating with angle (θ), be cooled the gas phase heat transfer coefficient of the destruction water yield density (amount of the face unit are that is cooled impact failure spray water) of the face that is cooled of the particle diameter of spray water of face and impact velocity decision and Forced Air Convection with angle θ variation according to impact, and heat transfer coefficient α is with the variable in distance from nozzle head.
Heat transfer coefficient α can obtain to the temperature of the distance of the face of being cooled, the face that is cooled and the impact velocity of spray water according to the water yield, liquid-drop diameter, the spray angle (solid angle) of nozzle spray water, the nozzle of the nozzle spray water of experiment measuring.
Angle θ
iUnit are S (θ=the θ of the face that is cooled of the refractory body at place
i) the spray time of spray water be made as t
I, a nozzle head Rotate 180 ° required time is made as T, then unit are S (θ=θ
i) apparent heat transter coefficient K
iWith following formula (2), (3) expression, Fig. 5 shows rate (t cool time
i/ T) concern.
K
i＝h×(t
i/T) ……(2)
h＝α＝f(θ
i) ……(3)
As a result, with angle θ
iUnit are S (θ=the θ of the cooling surface of the refractory material at suitable place
i) in the rotating actual effective heat transfer coefficient α that comprises nozzle head
A(θ=θ
i) represent with following formula (4).
α
A(θ＝θ
i)＝[f(θ
i)]×(t
i/T) ……(4)
But, in order to make α
A(θ=θ
1)=α
A(θ=θ
2)=...=α
A(θ=θ
i)=...=α
A(θ=θ
n), as long as control angle θ
1, θ
2θ
iθ
nThe spray time t of spray water at suitable place
i, just can make cooling equalization everywhere.
The variation of the angle θ that angular velocity of rotation when above-mentioned control can be rotated according to nozzle head is right is carried out, for example, under the situation of Fig. 3, increase and decrease that can corresponding angle θ, and the angular speed of increase and decrease rotation.[second invention]
Second invention is, when nozzle spray water directly cools off refractory material, momentarily changes the liquid-drop diameter of control spray water according to the temperature of cooling surface, finishes the but dry and cold of refractory material whereby.
According to second invention, finish the but dry and cold of refractory body, simultaneously when the temperature of the face of being cooled is high with the big nozzle spray water of liquid-drop diameter, and when the temperature of the face of being cooled is hanged down, with the little nozzle spray water of liquid-drop diameter, can reduce nozzle spray water thus and make the use amount of spraying necessary electric power with compressed air.
Fig. 6 shows maximum particle diameter and the be cooled temperature of face and the relation of wetting state of the water droplet of spray water.
As shown in Figure 6, the be cooled maximum particle diameter of water droplet of the moisture state of face and spray water and the temperature correlation of the face that is cooled.
Fig. 6 shows the boundary line (6) of the dry state of the face of being cooled and the boundary line of hygrometric state (5) and hygrometric state and wetting attitude, each personal following formula (5) and (6) expression.
R
max＝-0.002933×T
2+1.200T-22.67 ……(5)
R
max＝-0.002597×T
2+1.442T-23.51(6) ……(6)
In above-mentioned formula, T represent to be cooled surface temperature (℃), R
MaxThe maximum particle diameter of the water droplet of expression spray water.
That is the water droplet maximum particle diameter R of spray water,
MaxSatisfy under the situation of following formula (7), the face of being cooled is a drying regime, satisfies under the situation of following formula (8), and the face of being cooled is wet shape.
R
max＜-0.002933×T
2+1.200T-22.67 ……(7)
-0.002933×T
2+1.200T-22.67＜R
max＜-0.002597×T
2+1.442T-23.51…(8)
The present invention uses the temperature of the water droplet maximum particle diameter of spray water shown in Figure 6 and the face that is cooled and the relation of the wet shape of face that is cooled, and according to being cooled surface temperature over time, the liquid-drop diameter of control spray water has been finished the but dry and cold of refractory material.
The preferred version (1) of above-mentioned second invention, the face that is cooled are when cooling off below 200 ℃, and the maximum particle diameter of using water droplet is that 100 μ m average grain diameter following or water droplet is the following water sprays of 85 μ m.
As above-mentioned shown in Figure 6, under 200 ℃ situation, the average grain diameter of using the maximum particle diameter of water droplet to surpass 100 μ m or water droplet surpasses the spray water of 85 μ m to be cooled off, and keeps the wet shape or the wetting attitude of the face that is cooled in the temperature of the face of being cooled.
Describe below with the maximum particle diameter of water droplet and directly cool off (spraying cooling) above the spray water of 85 μ m above the average grain diameter of 100 μ m or water droplet, with the maximum particle diameter of water droplet is below the 100 μ m or the average grain diameter of water droplet is that spray water below the 85 μ m is directly cooled off (fog cooling), uses the air cooling (blowing cooling) of the air of pressure fan.
In above-mentioned second invention and preferred version (1) thereof, after directly cooling off, preferably carry out the air cooling with above-mentioned nozzle spray water, described air cooling is the blowing cooling.
In the preferred version (2) of the second above-mentioned invention, during the refractory material cooling, be cooled surface temperature during greater than 200 ℃, use the maximum particle diameter of water droplet directly to cool off above the spray water of 85 μ m above the average grain diameter of 100 μ m or water droplet, the temperature of material of being cooled is higher than 50 ℃ during smaller or equal to 200 ℃, with the maximum particle diameter of water droplet be below the 100 μ m or the average grain diameter of water droplet be below the 85 μ m spray water carry out but direct-cooled, the material temperature that is cooled is carried out the air cooling during smaller or equal to 50 ℃.Effect is better like this.
Under air cooling situation, preferred blowing cooling.
Temperature according to the face of being cooled is selected cooling means, and its reason is (a)～(c).
(a) be cooled surface temperature when being higher than 200 ℃, therefore the face that is cooled wetting use the big spray water of the little liquid-drop diameter of impact velocity, but can effectively utilize evaporation of water latent heat, and cooling is possible rapidly.
(b) be cooled surface temperature greater than 50 ℃ during smaller or equal to 200 ℃, the face that is cooled is easily wetting, though limited the water yield of destruction because of liquid-drop diameter is little,, because not ruined drop carrier band carries out exhaust in air-flow, can improve cooling capacity and the dried condition of guaranteeing the face of being cooled.
(c) be cooled the temperature of face during greater than 50 ℃, the face that is cooled is very easily wetting, may prevent that drop is wetting and make the wet shape place of part drying.
Show to Fig. 7 pattern a example according to the cooling means of second preferred version of inventing (2).Fig. 7 (a) shows the smog cooling of the average grain diameter=120 μ m of water droplet, Fig. 7 (b) shows the fog cooling of water droplet average grain diameter=30 μ m, Fig. 7 (c) shows the spray condition and the air ejection situation of each spray water of blowing cooling, and Fig. 7 (d) shows the cooling curve of refractory material.
Among Fig. 7 (a)-(c), 36 expression smog, 37 expression mists, 38 expression air.
Promptly, preferred version (2) according to second invention, the surface temperature of refractory body surpasses under 200 ℃ the situation, for example carrying out flat particle diameter is the smog cooling of 120 μ m, after the refractory body surface temperature reaches 200 ℃, for example average the fog cooling that particle diameter is 30 μ m, after the temperature on refractory body surface reaches 50 ℃, the complete but dry and cold of refractory material finished in the cooling of drying.
The preferred version (3) of above-mentioned second invention is to be cooled surface temperature T greater than 50 ℃, during smaller or equal to 200 ℃, makes the maximum particle diameter R of spray water water droplet
MaxSatisfy following formula (7), after the liquid-drop diameter of controlling nozzle spray water over time according to the temperature of the face of being cooled cooled off, during smaller or equal to 50 ℃, it was better to carry out the air cooling with pressure fan in the temperature of the face of being cooled.
R
max＜-0.002933×T
2+1.200T-22.67 ……(7)
Below, describe second invention an example of concrete grammar.
Fig. 8 shows the spraying water yield and the relation between the liquid-drop diameter of water spray usefulness compressed-air atomizer supply pressure and spray water.
As shown in Figure 8, use same nozzle, regulate water spray, may select smog cooling and blowing cooling with the compressed-air actuated supply pressure and the spraying water yield.
The refractory surface temperature (surface temperature is cooled) that Fig. 9 shows before the cooling is the example of cooling figure of 900 ℃ situation.
According to method shown in Figure 9, in the moment when being surpassed 200 ℃, regulate the pressure=1.0kg/cm of nozzle air by but surface temperature
2, the nozzle water yield=1.28t/h, averaging particle diameter is the smog cooling of 120 μ m, after the temperature of the face that is cooled reaches 200 ℃, regulates nozzle air pressure=2.0kg/cm
2, the water yield=0.47t/h of nozzle averages the fog cooling that particle diameter is 30 μ m, and after the surface temperature that is cooled reached 50 ℃, the cooling of drying can be carried out the absolutely dry cooling of refractory material.
Figure 10 shows the ideograph of an example of the piping system that preferably is applicable to the second fire-proof material member cooling device of inventing.
In Figure 10,4 expression nozzle heads, 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, 43a, 43b, 44a, 44b, 45a, 45b, 46a, 46b represent the water spray nozzle, 47 expression water pumps, 9 expression pressure fans, 49 expression filters, 50 expression air cleaners, 51 expression pressure gauges, 52 expression flowmeters, 53 expression flow control valves, 54 expression selector valves, 55 expression pressure-reducing valves.
In Figure 10, nozzle head 4 is set up the sealing mechanism that does not illustrate, with vertical axis as nozzle head direction of rotation f
RRotation centerline, first section water spray nozzle is 41a and 41b etc., the water spray mouth of each section is 4ia and 4ib, is provided with over there separately, with water spray.
In the piping system of the cooling device of structure of refractory material shown in Figure 10, the epimere of the arm piping system of two systems of the pipe arrangement of water, compressed-air actuated pipe arrangement is a smog cooling usefulness, and hypomere is the fog cooling piping system.
According to the piping system of Figure 10, each has two systems that the smog cooling is used and fog cooling is used with compressed-air actuated piping system for spraying water and spraying, can carry out smog cooling and fog cooling with same water spray nozzle.
In piping system shown in Figure 10, the air of pressure fan 9, the water droplet that can be used as the maximum particle diameter of (1) spray water in following the 3rd invention-Di four invention surpass spray water that this maximum particle diameter water droplet destroys impact velocity in the impact velocity on the face of being cooled and quicken the air that keeps the steam of spray water generation to use with air and/or (2) below Saturated water vapor pressures.[the 3rd invention]
The 3rd invention is, because the flow velocity of spray water is got more than the flow velocity of destruction when making water droplet and impacting on the face of being cooled, evaporation of water latent heat is effectively utilized, and has carried cooling effect.
Promptly, according to the 3rd invention, during the refractory body cooling, advance with nozzle spray water and directly cool off, when this cooling is carried out, make the destruction impact velocity of the impact velocity of maximum particle diameter water droplet on the face of being cooled of spray water, can promote evaporation of water whereby, finish the short time cooling above this maximum particle diameter water droplet.
In the 3rd above-mentioned invention,, be peripheral part ejection water droplet acceleration air (=spray water quickens to use air) from nozzle as the preferred version of spray water water droplet raising method of impact velocity on the face of being cooled.
That is, each is independently to water spray with compressed air, at the emission direction ejection air of the spray water of the peripheral part of nozzle tip place spray water ejiction opening.Because high-speed air makes the impact velocity of water droplet on the face of being cooled of the maximum particle diameter of spray water surpass the destruction impact velocity of the water droplet of this maximum particle diameter, thereby promotes evaporation of water, finishes the short time cooling.
Figure 11 shows the water droplet of average grain diameter 30 μ m on solid face, the ratio that water droplet destroyed when the flow velocity (=impact velocity) 2.5m/ when impacting impacted second
Figure 12 shows the relation between liquid-drop diameter and the destruction impact velocity.
As shown in figure 12, under the situation of the spray water that above-mentioned particle diameter shown in Figure 11 distributes, the water droplet of maximum particle diameter i.e. the water droplet of 45 μ m, destroys more than second at impact velocity 2.2m/, the water droplet of minimum grain size i.e. the water droplet of 15 μ m, is that 3.6m/ destroyed more than second in impact velocity.
As a result, to being shown in Figure 13 to the relation of the heat transfer coefficient of the impact velocity of the face of being cooled and the face that is cooled by water droplet.
Promptly, reach moment in the impact velocity of the maximum particle diameter water droplet of spray water above the destruction impact velocity of the water droplet of maximum particle diameter, evaporation of water latent heat effectively utilizes, and the heat transfer coefficient β of the face that is cooled sharply rises, and is to satisfy the impact velocity stage that the water droplet of minimum grain size substantially destroys fully.The rising of heat transfer coefficient β is saturated substantially.
That is, as shown in figure 13, the impact velocity of the water droplet of the maximum particle diameter by making spray water surpasses the 3rd invention and the preferred scheme thereof of destruction impact velocity of the water droplet of maximum particle diameter, has finished the cooling of refractory material short time.[improvement of the 3rd invention]
The new improvement of the 3rd invention, be when refractory body cools off, directly cool off by nozzle spray water, during this cooling, the water yield density of the destruction water droplet that the impact velocity on the face of being cooled derives according to the distribution of nozzle spray water droplet particle diameter and water droplet particle (hereinafter claiming to destroy water droplet water yield density) and the surface temperature that is cooled import the portion that is cooled to air, follow the evaporation of destruction water droplet whereby, keeping water vapor pressure is not enough saturated vapor pressure, carries out the but dry and cold of refractory body.
Figure 14 shows and destroys water droplet water yield density and the surface temperature and follow the water vapor pressure that destroys water-drop evaporation to keep may the be cooled relation of air capacity (the stirring air capacity that hereinafter claims per unit area) of face per unit area of not enough saturated vapor pressure of being cooled.
In the improvement of the 3rd invention, the vapour pressure that will be equivalent to destroy the moisture content of water droplet water yield density is got and is made not enough saturated vapor pressure, but but the stirring air capacity that drops into the per unit area of energy.
The stirring air capacity that adds, a small amount of surpassing can make the saturated at normal temperatures amount of water droplet of destroying, and considers preferable from the electric power that reduces the pressure fan use.
According to improved the 3rd invention, the stirring air of adding has increased the impact velocity of spray water water droplet to the face of being cooled, and can finish the but dry and cold of refractory material and cooling rapidly, is the fabulous cooling means of refractory material.[the 4th invention]
The 4th invention, shown in Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (b) and Fig. 2 (c) like that, by the air squit hole 3b of the peripheral part that is arranged on nozzle tip 3a, make and quicken the identical direction of direction essence that sprays with the air 35 and the spray water of water spray nozzle 3, promptly along the direction f of spray water
AEjection.As Fig. 2 (c), quicken to surround nozzle spray water with the sheath shape with air 35.[the 5th invention]
The 5th invention is that its instantiation is shown in Fig. 2 about the nozzle of spraying cooling usefulness, and its use is illustrated in Fig. 1 and 3.The nozzle of this structure can increase the free degree of spraying cooling down operation condition so that independently air, nitrogen, inert gas etc. are ejected with desired flow velocity and flow with body spray.[the 6th invention]
The 6th invention and preferred version thereof are the cooling devices of above-mentioned structure of refractory object illustrated in figures 1 and 2, device according to the 6th invention, refractory material can impartial cool off, and according to the preferred device of six inventions, and refractory material can impartially cool off, dry and coldly but cool off with the short time.
[simple declaration of accompanying drawing]
[Fig. 1] shows the side view of cooling device one example of the torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage refractory material that the present invention is suitable for.
[Fig. 2] shows in detail the water spray nozzle of series of the present invention, the plane of water spray nozzle (a), along the cutaway view (front view) of A-A (b) and along the cutaway view (side view) of B-B (c).
[Fig. 3] in the cooling device of the refractory material of torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage, the major part of torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage cut apart figure (plane).
The curve of the relation of the heat transfer coefficient of the refractory surface at [Fig. 4] expression angle θ [central shaft (rotating shaft) of torpedo shape hot-metal ladle and carriage and the angle that center line became of spray water emission direction] and suitable θ place, angle.
The spray time t of [Fig. 5] expression spray water
iWith the figure of nozzle head Rotate 180 ° desired time T with the heat transfer coefficient relation that shows.
The relation curve of the maximum particle diameter of the water droplet of [Fig. 6] expression spray water and the wetting state of the temperature of the face that is cooled and the face that is cooled.
The ideograph of [Fig. 7] expression one example of preferred cooling means according to the present invention, (a) expression smog cooling, (b) expression fog cooling, (c) spray condition of the spray water of expression blowing cooling, air ejection situation, (d) cooling curve of expression refractory material.
[Fig. 8] expression spraying water yield and spraying are with the relation curve of compressed air to the liquid-drop diameter of the supply pressure of nozzle and spray water.
The example of [Fig. 9] expression cooling figure of the present invention.
The ideograph of cooling device piping system one example of [Figure 10] expression preferred structure of refractory object that is suitable for of the present invention.
The water droplet of [Figure 11] expression average grain diameter 30 μ m, the curve of the destruction ratio of water droplet when on solid face, impacting second for 2.5m/ with the impact velocity.
[Figure 12] expression liquid-drop diameter and the curve that destroys the impact velocity relation.
[Figure 13] expression water droplet is to the relation curve of the heat transfer coefficient of the impact velocity of the face of being cooled and the face that is cooled.
[Figure 14] expression destroys the temperature of the water droplet water yield density and the face that is cooled, with the relation curve that keeps the stirring air capacity of the possible face that the is cooled per unit area of unsaturated water vapor pressure with the destruction water-drop evaporation.
[embodiment]
According to embodiment the present invention is described particularly below.
In the present embodiment, the particle diameter of the water droplet of spray water is measured with immersion method, and particle diameter distributes and uses The Fraunhofer method is obtained. (embodiment)
Employed cooling device when the present invention is applicable to the repairing of steel plant's torpedo-shaped hot metal tank car refractory material. What use is above-mentioned cooling device shown in Figure 1.
Refractory surface temperature before the cooling of torpedo-shaped hot metal tank car is 800 ℃-1000 ℃.
The type of cooling adopts the type of cooling shown in Figure 9.
During with the nozzle spray water cooling, same as described above, nozzle head rotating shaft direction position detecting device 20 and nozzle head angular velocity of rotation control device 21, for each cooling surface at any time change, the angular velocity of rotation of Control Nozzle head 4, so that the face refractory body of being cooled, comprises the actual effect heat transfer coefficient α of nozzle head rotation everywhereA(θ＝θ
i) steady Fixed.
When fog cooling, be the spray water of 30 μ m with the average diameter of water droplet, the maximum particle diameter 45 μ m's of spray water The impact velocity (towards the vertical vector of cooling surface) of water droplet on the face of being cooled satisfy＞2.2m/ second, and, with Suitable water vapor pressure corresponding to amount of moisture of water yield density that destroys water droplet becomes the face that is cooled that unsaturated steam is pressed The stirring air capacity of per unit area is blown in the torpedo-shaped hot metal tank car by pressure fan.
The average grain diameter of water droplet is the spray water of 85 μ m, is equivalent to the spraying of 100 μ m of the maximum particle diameter of water droplet Water. (comparative example)
In the above-described embodiment, do not carry out fog cooling, except proceeding to 50 ℃ smog cooling, other carry out with The cooling of the refractory material of the torpedo hot-metal ladle and carriage shape that embodiment is identical.
Embodiment, comparative example obtain the results are shown in table 1.
And, will also be shown in the lump table 1 based on the required number of units of the torpedo-shaped hot metal tank car of acquired results.
Table 1
| Evaluation index | Embodiment | Comparative example |
| Institute wants cool time (h/ platform-torpedo-shaped hot metal tank car) | 24 | 72-96 |
| Cooling refractory surface temperature (℃) | Below 50 ℃ | Below 50 ℃ |
| The utilization of capacity of torpedo-shaped hot metal tank car (%) | 70 | 60 |
| The wetting state of cooling refractory | Drying regime | Drying regime |
| The torpedo-shaped hot metal tank car number of units (platform) of wanting | 52 | 60 |
According to the present invention, for the refractory material of the condition of high temperature, can in the situation of nonwetting refractory material, lack Time and can cool off equably the face that is cooled of refractory material, improved the utilization of capacity of structure of refractory object With the life-span that has prolonged refractory material.
Claims (14)
1, a kind of cooling means of high temp objects is characterized in that: during the cooling down high-temperature object, directly cooling off by the spray water from nozzle ejection, when cooling, is the nozzle of center rotation with respect to the face perforate that is cooled with the axis of nozzle head, with water spray.
2, cooling means as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the angular velocity of rotation of controlling this nozzle head corresponding to the position of the face of being cooled at any time.
3, a kind of cooling means of high temp objects, it is characterized in that: during the cooling down high-temperature object, by directly cooling off, when cooling, control from the size droplet diameter of the spray water of nozzle ejection corresponding to the variations in temperature at any time of the surface temperature that is cooled from the spray water of nozzle ejection.
4, cooling means as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: corresponding to the control of the variations in temperature at any time of the surface temperature that is cooled during from the size droplet diameter of the spray water of nozzle ejection, surpass under 200 ℃ the situation at the surface temperature that is cooled, use the maximum particle diameter of water droplet directly to cool off above the spray water of 85 μ m above the average grain diameter of 100 μ m or water droplet, at the surface temperature that is cooled below 200 ℃, surpass under 50 ℃ the situation, the maximum particle diameter of using water droplet below the 100 μ m or the spray water below the average grain diameter 85 μ m of water droplet directly cool off, be cooled surface temperature under the situation below 50 ℃, carrying out the air cooling.
5, a kind of cooling means of high temp objects, it is characterized in that: during the cooling down high-temperature object, directly cool off by spray water, when cooling, make the maximum particle diameter water droplet of spray water surpass the destruction impact velocity of this maximum particle diameter water droplet in the impact velocity of the face of being cooled from nozzle ejection.
6, cooling means as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: when cooling, peripheral part and the equidirectional basically ejection gas of spray water emission direction from the squit hole of nozzle spray water, the flow of gas is corresponding with the water yield density of destroying water droplet and the surface temperature that is cooled, wherein, the water yield density of destroying water droplet distribute by particle diameter from the water droplet particle of nozzle spray and the water droplet particle both derive in the impact velocity of the face of being cooled.
7, a kind of cooling means is characterized in that: during the cooling down high-temperature object, directly cool off by the spray water from nozzle ejection, when cooling, from the peripheral part of the squit hole of spray water and the equidirectional basically ejection air of emission direction of spray water.
8, a kind of spraying cooling means is by the method for body spray cooling, it is characterized in that: this body spray is surrounded with the sheath shape with the high-speed gas fluid.
9, cooling means as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the air-atomizing body is surrounded with the sheath shape with the high-speed air fluid.
10, a kind of spray nozzle (3) that cools off usefulness is characterized in that: in the periphery of atomizing nozzle tip, have towards with the emission direction of the gas that is used to the spray gas squit hole of equidirectional perforate basically.
11, spray nozzle as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that: this gas squit hole with and the gas that is used to spray mutually independently pipe arrangement communicate.
12, a kind of cooling device of high temp objects is characterized in that: it is by the tubular nozzle head (4) of the water spray nozzle (3) of the face that the is cooled perforate with relatively-high temperature object and to make this nozzle head (4) be that the nozzle head whirligig (10) of center rotation forms with nozzle head (4) with the axis of nozzle head.
13, cooling device as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that: also have the checkout gear (20) of the angle position of the direction of rotation that detects nozzle head at any time, control the control device (21) of the angular velocity of rotation of nozzle head (4) based on the detected value of this checkout gear (20) at any time.
14, cooling device as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that: be the nozzle cooling device, aforementioned water spray nozzle (3) also has court and the spray water emission direction air squit hole (3b) of equidirectional perforate basically in the periphery of air-atomizing formula nozzle tip (3a).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99103492 CN1184025C (en) | 1999-02-26 | 1999-02-26 | Cooling method for high temp objects and cooling appts. thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99103492 CN1184025C (en) | 1999-02-26 | 1999-02-26 | Cooling method for high temp objects and cooling appts. thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1264817A true CN1264817A (en) | 2000-08-30 |
| CN1184025C CN1184025C (en) | 2005-01-12 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99103492 Expired - Fee Related CN1184025C (en) | 1999-02-26 | 1999-02-26 | Cooling method for high temp objects and cooling appts. thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100485050C (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2009-05-06 | 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Cooling method for steel structured assembly heated by flame |
| CN101324533B (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2011-07-20 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | System for observing and measuring multiphase system microjet phase-change energy mass transfer course |
| CN102714448A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2012-10-03 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Apparatus for cooling stator |
| CN102706063A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-10-03 | 罗运山 | High-altitude cold air collection method |
-
1999
- 1999-02-26 CN CN 99103492 patent/CN1184025C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100485050C (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2009-05-06 | 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Cooling method for steel structured assembly heated by flame |
| CN101324533B (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2011-07-20 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | System for observing and measuring multiphase system microjet phase-change energy mass transfer course |
| CN102714448A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2012-10-03 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Apparatus for cooling stator |
| CN102714448B (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2014-06-04 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Apparatus for cooling stator |
| CN102706063A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-10-03 | 罗运山 | High-altitude cold air collection method |
| CN102706063B (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2016-12-14 | 罗运山 | High-altitude cold air collection method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1184025C (en) | 2005-01-12 |
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