CN1262745C - 内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统 - Google Patents

内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统 Download PDF

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CN1262745C
CN1262745C CNB2004100210862A CN200410021086A CN1262745C CN 1262745 C CN1262745 C CN 1262745C CN B2004100210862 A CNB2004100210862 A CN B2004100210862A CN 200410021086 A CN200410021086 A CN 200410021086A CN 1262745 C CN1262745 C CN 1262745C
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collision
oil
oil beam
combustion engine
impactor
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CN1558094A (zh
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隆武强
杜宝国
田华
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0648Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
    • F02B23/0651Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0669Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having multiple fuel spray jets per injector nozzle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0672Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

一种内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统,属于发动机混合气形成和燃烧领域。 由于碰撞块使一次油束沿着碰撞面展开,不会堆积在落点,喷雾分散速度快,分布的空间范围大,又不贴近燃烧室。空气卷入量增加,又因为二次雾化,使得喷雾粒径变细,因而能较快地形成相对均匀的混合气。有效地改善了发动机可燃混合气的质量,使燃烧迅速和完善,而且不需要大的空气涡流。在明显改善发动机的烟度和排放指标的同时,还使经济性和动力性指标提高。

Description

内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统,属于发动机混合气形成和燃烧领域。
背景技术
目前,柴油机的过量空气系数较大却易冒黑烟,其主要原因是因为多孔喷雾在圆周方向上的不均匀,以及在喷雾的落点处产生过浓区,而燃烧室中心附近少有喷雾。一部分喷雾堆积在着落点附近或形成油膜,另一部分反弹后向圆周扩散,因为紧贴燃烧室壁,卷入的空气量少。这些因素构成了尽管柴油机的过量空气系数大,但燃烧不完全,黑烟和碳氢化合物排量高,是燃烧室壁上结炭的主要原因。为了解决这个问题,产生的伞状喷雾虽雾化性能好,圆周方向均匀,但贯穿力不强。因此,在中低工况下性能较好,在高工况下因燃烧室外围空气利用不了,黑烟增加较多。
发明内容
为了解决多孔喷雾的落点处混合气过浓和圆周分布不均匀,以及伞状喷雾贯穿距短的问题,本发明提供一种内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统,该燃烧系统能够提供雾化性能好、空间分布均匀、喷雾不会堆积在落点处,而是一部分被反弹,一部分顺着碰撞面迅速分散,实现二次雾化。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统,它主要有一个由气缸盖、气缸套和活塞组成的燃烧室,喷油嘴用多油束方式把高压燃油以雾状喷入燃烧室中形成可燃混合气。在括塞中央凸台上设有碰撞块,喷油嘴的每个一次油束都要直接喷射到相应的碰撞块上,在燃烧室内形成均匀分布的二次油束,每个碰撞块的油束碰撞区域具有的型面,能使在纵向的二次油束与一次油束的中心线的夹角为B,在径向的二次油束与一次油束的中心线夹角为A。另一个方案是:上述的碰撞块由碰撞头部和挤流台两部分组成,每两个挤流台之间的扇形槽与喷油嘴的一次油束相配合。上述技术方案利用碰撞块让一次油束改变方向,形成与燃烧室和缸内气流更佳配合的二次油束。碰撞块上挤流台的作用是把喷油嘴附近的空气赶到燃烧室中油气集中的区域,更有利于可燃混合气的形成和燃烧。
本发明的有益效果是:由于碰撞块使一次油束沿着碰撞面展开,不会堆积在落点,喷雾分散速度快,分布的空间范围大,又不贴近燃烧室,空气卷入量增加,又因为二次雾化,使得喷雾粒径变细,因而能较快地形成相对均匀的混合气,有效地改善了发动机可燃混合气的质量,使燃烧迅速和完善,而且不需要大的空气涡流。在标定工况下,加碰撞快后,烟度下降1个波许值,油耗下降5%以上。发动机的其他排放指标也有明显改善,若保持烟度为不加碰撞块时的值,功率可以提高约10%。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1是内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统第一个实施例的纵剖面构造图。
图2是图1的A-A剖视图。
图3是内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统第二个实施例的纵剖面构造图。
图4是图3的B-B剖视图。
图中:1、气缸盖,2、气缸套,3、活塞,3a、中央凸台,4、燃烧室,5、喷油嘴,6、一次油束,6a、二次油束,7、碰撞块,7a、碰撞头部,7b、挤流台。
具体实施方式
在图1、2所示的实施例中,由气缸盖1、气缸套2和活塞3组成的燃烧室4,在活塞3的中央凸台3a上设有6个碰撞块7,喷油嘴5的6个一次油束6都直接喷射到相应的6个碰撞块7上后,在燃烧室4内形成均匀分布的6个二次油束6a。每个碰撞块7的油束碰撞区域具有的型面,能使在纵向的二次油束6a与一次油束的中心线夹角为140度左右,在径向的二次油束与一次油束的中心线夹角为110度左右。二次油束6a应顺气流扩展,根据发动机的具体情况来调整一次油束6和二次油束6a中心线的纵向夹角B和径向夹角A,以便达到二次油束6a在燃烧室4内的最佳分布效果。
在图3、4所示的另一实施例中,与上一个实施例的相比的主要区别是:碰撞块7的形状有了较大变化,主要是由碰撞头部7a和挤流台7b二部分组成。碰撞头部7a的技术要求同上一个实施例,但两个挤流台7b之间设有扇形槽7c,喷油嘴5的一次油束从扇形槽7c中穿过,射向碰撞头部7a。挤流台7b能把喷油嘴5附近的空气赶到燃烧室4中的油气集中区域,更有利于可燃混合气的形成和改普燃烧。

Claims (3)

1.一种内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统,它主要有一个由气缸盖(1)、气缸套(2)和活塞(3)组成的燃烧室(4),喷油嘴(5)用多油束方式把高压燃油以雾状喷入燃烧室(4)中形成可燃混合气,其特征在于:在活塞(3)中央凸台(3a)上设有碰撞块(7),喷油嘴(5)的每个一次油束(6)都要直接喷射到相应的碰撞块(7)上,在燃烧室(4)内形成均匀分布的二次油束(6a),每个碰撞块(7)的油束碰撞区域具有的型面,能使在纵向的二次油束(6a)与一次油束(6)的中心线形成夹角(B),在径向的二次油束(6a)与一次油束(6)的中心线形成夹角(A)。
2.据权利要求1所述的内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统,其特征在于:上述的碰撞块(7)由碰撞头部(7a)和挤流台(7b)二部分组成。
3.据权利要求2所述的内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统,其特征在于:每两个挤流台(7b)之间的扇形槽(7c)与喷油嘴(5)的一次油束(6)相配合。
CNB2004100210862A 2004-01-16 2004-01-16 内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1262745C (zh)

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CN102155326A (zh) * 2011-04-01 2011-08-17 江苏大学 内燃机碰撞喷雾挤流燃烧系统
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