CN1261565A - Method for preparing nanometre metal cobalt powder or nickel powder - Google Patents
Method for preparing nanometre metal cobalt powder or nickel powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN1261565A CN1261565A CN 99101538 CN99101538A CN1261565A CN 1261565 A CN1261565 A CN 1261565A CN 99101538 CN99101538 CN 99101538 CN 99101538 A CN99101538 A CN 99101538A CN 1261565 A CN1261565 A CN 1261565A
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Abstract
The preparation features that NaOH in the weight of 2-5 times that of cobalt salt or nickel salt is first added into hydrazine hydrate solution in the molar amount of over 3 times that of cobalt or nickel ion, and the solution is further mixed homogeneously with alcohol-water solution of cobalt salt or nickel salt for reaction carried out automatically. The cobalt or nickel powder thus obtained has excellent magnetic performance and catalytic performance. The method has the features of cheap material, simple technological process, no need of heating , high speed and efficiency, high yield and mother liquor capable of being used repeatedly. The method may be also used for surface coating and modifying of particles.
Description
The present invention relates to the chemical preparation process of metal nano material in alcohol-water system.
Metallic cobalt and nickel, iron nanocluster have purposes widely as catalyst, solar absorptive material, magnetic recording material, electronic material.At present main chemical preparation process has carbonyl process, gas reduction method, precipitation reducing process, aqueous solution reducing process etc., but these preparation methods exist the equipment complexity, operating procedure is various, the product particle diameter is bigger, wayward, separation difficulty, formation efficiency is low and shortcoming such as cost height.
U.S.'s " science " magazine (Science, 1338～1340,1995) once report adopts ultrasonic initiation hydrazine hydrate to prepare nanometre metal cobalt powder as reducing agent, but this method experiment condition harshness, need high-octane Vltrasonic device, hydrazine hydrate concentration is up to 85%, and NaOH concentration is also more than 50%, reaction time is long and productive rate is not high yet, obviously is not suitable for large-scale industrial production.This literary composition also relates to the another kind of preparation method who adopts precious metals pt, Pa catalysis, but can only obtain impure cobalt powder.
U.S.'s " colloid and polymer science " magazine (Colloid Poly.Sci., 275:426～431,1997) reported and adopt high molecular polymer to make template, prepare the method for nanometre metal cobalt powder as reducing agent, but this method exists the defective that complex technical process, product purity are poor, can not obtain the single component cobalt powder with hydroboron.
41～42 pages of China's " chemistry circular " the 1st phases in 1996 have reported under the polyvinylpyrrolidone protection, are warming up to more than 90 ℃, use AgNO
3Prepare the method for submicron order nickel powder as nucleator, but this method exists defectives such as complex process, product purity is poor, particle diameter is big.
Utilize chemical method in the aqueous solution, can thoroughly finish reaction, efficiently prepare the report that the high nanoscale cobalt powder of purity is not seen success so far apace once going on foot.Though nickel than being easier to preparation, in the aqueous solution, especially adopt hydrazine hydrate, can thoroughly be finished reaction once going on foot, and does not also see the report of success.
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of nanometre metal cobalt powder that in alcohol-water system, can finish in a step under the room temperature or the preparation method of nickel powder, to overcome the above-mentioned defective that prior art exists.
The preparation method of this nanometre metal cobalt powder or nickel powder is characterized in that: cobalt salt or nickel salt are dissolved in alcohol--in the aqueous solution; Cobalt salt or nickel salt weight 2--5 NaOH are doubly joined in the solution of cobalt or the hydrazine hydrate of nickel ion mole more than 3 times; Two kinds of solution of above-mentioned outfit are mixed, and reaction is promptly carried out automatically; Described alcohol--the aqueous solution for the preparation nanometre metal cobalt powder, can adopt weight concentration greater than 70% ethanol--aqueous solution or glycerine--aqueous solution; For the preparation nano metal nickel powder, can adopt weight concentration greater than 40% ethanol--aqueous solution or glycerine--aqueous solution.
According to the raw material proportioning and the environment temperature of reaction, reaction generally can finish in 15～60 minutes; Mother liquor became water white transparency when reaction finished; Product promptly gets product nanometre metal cobalt powder or nickel powder through magnetic separation, washing, vacuum drying.
Can also carry out follow-up cladding modification process by in the above-mentioned mother liquor that contains nano-cobalt powder and/or nickel powder, adding silver ammino solution, obtain nanometer contracted payment cobalt powder and/or nickel powder particle surface.
Also can obtain nanometer cobalt--nickel--iron contracted payment powder, cobalt--iron contracted payment powder or nickel--iron contracted payment powder by behind the ethanolic solution that in the mother liquor that contains cobalt powder and/or nickel powder, adds ferrous salt, add silver ammino solution again.
Compared with prior art, the raw material that the inventive method adopted inexpensive, be easy to get; Equipment needed thereby is simple, technology is convenient; Reaction need not heating, and is fast efficient, can finish in a step; Adopt this method, the reacted mother liquor that contains alcohol and alkali still can reuse, and post processing is simple, and ambient influnence is little; Simultaneously, adopt this method, can be according to different alcohol--aqueous systems is regulated the forms such as granularity of product the influence of reaction speed; By composition that changes raw material and the cladding modification process that carries out follow-up particle surface, realize control to product structure and composition; Follow-up cladding modification process can improve the magnetic performance of product, reduces and delay the oxidation of nano-cobalt powder, nickel powder, makes it more stable; Adopt the productive rate of synthetic cobalt of the inventive method or nickel can be up to more than 99%, and the content of cobalt in powder is up to more than 95%, average grain diameter be less than 35nm; The content of nickel in powder is up to more than 97%, and average grain diameter is less than 15nm; They all have good magnetic performance and catalytic performance.
Below be embodiments of the invention.Embodiment 1: at ethanol--prepare nano-cobalt powder in the aqueous systems
Respectively with 3 gram CoCl
26H
2It is 90% ethanol that O is dissolved in the 15ml weight concentration--in the aqueous solution; It is in 50% the hydrazine hydrate solution that 5 gram NaOH are joined the 8ml weight concentration, stirs into pasty state;
Two kinds of solution of above-mentioned outfit are mixed, react very fast automatic fierceness and carry out, with a large amount of bubbles and produce black precipitate, temperature of reaction system is increased to 60--70 ℃ naturally; After 25 minutes, mother liquor becomes water white transparency, and reaction can finish; Product separates through magnetic, washing, and vacuum drying promptly obtains cobalt powder.
Adopt X--x ray diffraction, Electronic Speculum that the thing of product is reached form analysis mutually, six sides that can obtain cobalt are X--diffraction maximum main, that accompany a small amount of cube of phase mutually, by peak width by calculating as can be known its average grain diameter can determine thus that less than 35nm product is a nano-cobalt powder; The particle that can be seen cobalt by electromicroscopic photograph is the hexagon sheet basically, and particle diameter is at 30--40nm.
By the colour developing AAS of nitroso-R-salt to cobalt ions, the content that records cobalt is higher than 95%; Atom absorbs and thermogravimetry has also confirmed this result.
Get the mother liquor that separates behind the cobalt powder, use SCN after the acidifying
-1Co is not seen in colour developing
2+Characteristic color, Co in this mother liquor is described
2+Content be lower than 10
-5Mol/L, proved response carry out very thoroughly, and hence one can see that adopts the inventive method to prepare the productive rate of cobalt up to more than 99%.
Magnetic property to cobalt powder on the BH magnetometer is measured, and its specific saturation magnetization is 186Am
2Kg
-1, coercivity is 13.7kAm
-1
By the hydrazine hydrate catalytic decomposition is opposed than test, the result proves with prepared its catalytic performance of nanometre metal cobalt powder of the inventive method and is better than the commercial reagent cobalt powder.Embodiment 2: at glycerine--prepare nano-cobalt powder in the aqueous systems
Respectively with 2 gram CoSO
47H
2It is in 80% the glycerine that O is dissolved in the 10ml weight concentration; It is in 50% the hydrazine hydrate solution that 4 gram NaOH are joined the 8ml weight concentration, stirs into pasty state;
Two kinds of solution of above-mentioned outfit are mixed, and reaction is promptly carried out automatically, and temperature of reaction system raises naturally; After 45 minutes, mother liquor becomes water white transparency, and reaction can finish.
Product separates through magnetic, washing, and vacuum drying promptly obtains cobalt powder.
Adopt X--x ray diffraction, Electronic Speculum that the thing of product is reached form analysis mutually, its X--diffractive features peak is wideer than embodiment's 1, illustrates that product is the average grain diameter nano-cobalt powder also littler than the 35nm of embodiment 1.
By nitroso-R-salt the colour developing of cobalt ions is recorded that the content of cobalt is higher than 95% in the product.
Use SCN after getting the mother liquor acidifying that separates behind the cobalt powder
-1Co is not seen in colour developing
2+Characteristic color, Co in the mother liquor is described
2+Content be lower than 10
-5Mol/L, proved response are very thorough, and hence one can see that adopts the productive rate of the inventive method cobalt up to more than 99%.
Compared as can be known with embodiment 1 by present embodiment, the aqueous systems medium velocity is slow, and the particle diameter of products therefrom is little--to prepare nano-cobalt powder (or nickel powder) ratio in the aqueous systems at ethanol--because glycerine--aqueous systems viscosity is big, at glycerine.Thus, adopt the inventive method, can be according to different alcohol--aqueous systems is regulated the forms such as granularity of product the influence of reaction speed.Embodiment 3: the preparation of nanometer contracted payment cobalt powder
Respectively with 10 gram CoCl
26H
2It is in 95% the ethanol that O is dissolved in the 35ml weight concentration; It is in 50% the hydrazine hydrate solution that 20 gram NaOH are joined the 25ml weight concentration, stirs into pasty state;
Two kinds of solution of above-mentioned outfit are mixed, and reaction is promptly carried out automatically; After 30 minutes, mother liquor becomes water white transparency, and reaction can finish.Product separates through magnetic, washing, and vacuum drying promptly obtains cobalt powder.
Get 1 gram cobalt powder, put back in the original nut liquid behind the separated product, adding the 2ml molarity is the silver ammino solution of 0.05mol/L; Place after 15 minutes, separate through magnetic, washing, vacuum drying promptly obtains nanometer contracted payment cobalt powder.
Adopt X--x ray diffraction, Electronic Speculum that the thing of product is reached form analysis mutually, its X--diffractive features peak has comprised silver and two kinds of characteristic peaks of cobalt, by peak width by calculating as can be known its average grain diameter less than 30nm; Heat is analyzed with electromicroscopic photograph and is shown, is the surface that silver is coated on cobalt.Embodiment 4: the preparation of nano-nickel powder
With 2 gram NiCl
26H
2It is 80% ethanol that O is dissolved in the 15ml weight concentration--in the aqueous solution; It is in 50% hydrazine hydrate solution that 4 gram NaOH are joined the 8ml weight concentration, stirs into pasty state;
Two kinds of solution of above-mentioned outfit are mixed, and reaction is promptly carried out automatically; After about 20 minutes, mother liquor becomes water white transparency, and reaction can finish.Product separates through magnetic, washing, and vacuum drying promptly obtains nano-nickel powder.
With X--x ray diffraction, Electronic Speculum the thing of product is reached form analysis mutually, obtains the X--diffraction maximum of cube phase of nickel, by peak width by calculating as can be known its average grain diameter less than 10nm; And can be confirmed from electronic microscope photos.
By dimethylglyoxime the colour developing AAS of nickel ion is recorded that the content of nickel is higher than 97% in the product, atom absorbs and thermogravimetric analysis has also confirmed this result.
Get mother liquor and detect with dimethylglyoxime in ammonia solution, do not see the characteristic color of nickel, but principal reaction is very thorough, the content of nickel is lower than 10 in the mother liquor
-5Mol/L promptly adopts productive rate that the inventive method prepares nickel up to more than 99%,
Magnetic property to nickel powder on the BH magnetometer is measured, and its specific saturation magnetization is 91.6Am
2Kg
-1, coercivity is 7.1kAm
-1
By the hydrazine hydrate catalytic decomposition is opposed than test, the result proves with prepared its catalytic performance of nano metal nickel powder of the inventive method and is equivalent to (Rele) nickel powder in the thunder.Embodiment 5: the recycling of mother liquor and nanometer nickel--the preparation of iron contracted payment powder
Get prepared nickel powder 0.4 gram among the embodiment 4, join among the embodiment 1 in the mother liquor behind the separated product; Adding 2 gram NaOH and 3ml weight concentrations is 50% hydrazine hydrate solution, adds the 10ml weight concentration again and be 20% FeCl
2Ethanolic solution, fully stir; Place after 30 minutes, dripping the 4ml molarity is the silver ammino solution of 0.05mol/L; After 10 minutes, separate through magnetic, washing, vacuum drying promptly obtains nanometer nickel--iron contracted payment powder.
Carry out thing mutually and granularmetric analysis with the X--x ray diffraction, obtain cube a phase nickel and γ--the X--diffraction maximum of mixing diffraction maximum and silver of iron, by peak width by calculating as can be known its average grain diameter less than 15nm.Heat is analyzed with electromicroscopic photograph and is shown, is the surface that silver is coated on nickel and iron.Know below 520 ℃ nickel is being arranged by the heat analysis--the ferroalloy form exists.
By present embodiment as can be known, by composition that changes raw material and the cladding modification process that carries out follow-up particle surface, can realize control to product structure and composition.
If will prepare in the mother liquor behind the metal powder by the mixed solution of cobalt salt and nickel salt, add the ethanolic solution of ferrous salt after, add silver ammino solution again,--nickel--iron contracted payment powder that then can obtain the nanometer cobalt.
Claims (3)
1, the preparation method of a kind of nanometre metal cobalt powder or nickel powder is characterized in that: cobalt salt or nickel salt are dissolved in alcohol--in the aqueous solution; Cobalt salt or nickel salt weight 2--5 NaOH are doubly joined in the solution of cobalt or the hydrazine hydrate of nickel ion mole more than 3 times; Above-mentioned two kinds of solution are mixed, and reaction is promptly carried out automatically; Described alcohol--the aqueous solution for the preparation nanometre metal cobalt powder, can adopt weight concentration greater than 70% ethanol-water solution or glycerine-aqueous solution; For the preparation nano metal nickel powder, can adopt weight concentration greater than 40% ethanol-water solution or glycerine-aqueous solution.
2, the preparation method of nanometre metal cobalt powder or nickel powder according to claim 1 is characterised in that adding silver ammino solution in the described mother liquor that contains cobalt powder and/or nickel powder carries out the subsequent packet skill of returning to work, and can obtain nanometer contracted payment cobalt powder and/or nickel powder.
3, the preparation method of nanometre metal cobalt powder or nickel powder according to claim 1, after being characterised in that the ethanolic solution that in the described mother liquor that contains cobalt powder and/or nickel powder, adds ferrous salt, add silver ammino solution again,--nickel--iron contracted payment powder or cobalt--iron contracted payment powder or nickel--the iron contracted payment powder that can obtain the nanometer cobalt.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN99101538A CN1101288C (en) | 1999-01-21 | 1999-01-21 | Method for preparing nanometre metal cobalt powder or nickel powder |
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| CN1319685C (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2007-06-06 | 南京大学 | Production for nanometer nickel powder |
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| CN100453219C (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2009-01-21 | 中国科学技术大学 | Nano-iron powder prepn. method |
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