Background technology
Bauxite is topmost raw material in the present alumina producing, be divided into gibbsite type, boehmite type, diaspore type and various mixed type, its character and mineral composition are determining the production method of aluminum oxide, and production method of alumina in the world mainly contains bayer's process, sintering process and integrated process now.External most of alumina producing producer adopts bayer's process to produce aluminum oxide owing to have gibbsitic bauxite mostly; China's bauxite resource is abundant, but the bauxite of having found mostly is diaspore type, and gibbsitic bauxite is very few, and therefore, utilizing the import gibbsitic bauxite to adopt bayer process to produce aluminum oxide is a kind of method of domestic production aluminum oxide.
The stripping operation is as one of most important operation of alumina producing, and main purpose is the aluminum oxide in the bauxite fully to be dissolved enter sodium aluminate solution, obtains high-quality dissolution fluid, enters the alumina producing subsequent processing.And the stripping operation has multiple dissolving-out method as the leading operation of alumina producing, and many bayer's process production lines all are to adopt high temperature stripping (the stripping temperature is 250-280 ℃), and facility investment is big, energy consumption is high.And bayer's process does not have special desiliconization process, but quartzy objectionable impurities as alumina producing must be removed to greatest extent, so adopt good technology to remove the silicon-dioxide particularly important that yet seems.
Steam one of consumes as the important energy source of stripping operation, and reducing steam consumption is the very effective approach that reduces the aluminum oxide manufacturing cost, rationally utilizes steam, and making the maximum usefulness of its performance also is simultaneously one of stripping operation problem that need solve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of indirect heating, continuous production, energy-saving and cost-reducing, the simple to operate continuous dissolving-out process of bauxite low-temperature.
The continuous dissolving-out process of bauxite low-temperature of the present invention comprises the canalization stripping, is incubated desiliconization and self-evaporatint n. cooling under pressure, and the slurry temperature of pipeline stripping is 135-150 ℃, and the exhaust steam of self-evaporatint n. cooling is used for the stripping preheating.
The canalization stripping is indirect steam heating stripping, avoided adding in the direct heating slurry situation of long-pending water of condensation, realized continuous production again, the stripping pipeline has the heating steam chamber outward, the corresponding charging layer of coiled coil stripping pipe is from bottom to top heated by steam condensate, successively again by secondary exhaust steam heating, one-level exhaust steam heating and live steam heating.The stripping temperature is low, and the exhaust steam residual heat of steam condensate, self-evaporatint n. cooling is utilized effectively again, has reduced steam consumption, has reduced production energy consumption, has saved production cost.
Best design is that one deck of charging is heated by steam condensate, and second, third layer is with secondary exhaust steam heating from bottom to top, the 4th, layer 5 is with one-level exhaust steam heating, and uppermost four layers are heated with live steam.
The heating Steam Pressure Control of Circulated of pipeline stripping is that 0.55-0.75MPa is suitable.
Slurries after the stripping are incubated desiliconization in the pressure heat insulating jar, it is suitable that temperature and pressure is controlled to be 132-148 ℃, 0.3-0.5MPa respectively.
The insulation desiliconization is carried out successively by a 4-6 insulation jar series connection, realizes the continuous desiliconization of 4-6 level, and desiliconization effect is good, and the insulation jar is convenient to make and use control, and production cost is low.The top design that are incubated jar at different levels there is the gas equalizing pipe, each insulation tank top gas (incoagulability gas) is directly introduced next insulation jar, reach level balance at last, the operation of realization canful by equilibration tube.Simple, reliable and stable.
The technology of the present invention gibbsitic bauxite that suits grinds bauxite to become to contain admittedly and is 200-400g/l, fineness+100
#Enter the stripping pipeline after<48% the qualified ore pulp, stripping rear oxidation aluminum concentration is 180-220g/l, and A/S value (being desiliconization index) is 180-190, and the dissolution fluid caustic ratio is 1.30-1.45.The insulation desiliconization time is controlled to be 45-60 minute, and the A/S value reaches 190-230.
Bauxite dissolving-out process of the present invention can obtain the measured sodium aluminate solution fluid of matter and carry out alumina producing under low consumed prerequisite.The technico-economical comparison that detects is: the stripping steam consumption is 1.45t/t-AO, and solubility rate is more than 98% relatively.With the pressure of each section temperature, live steam and the exhaust steam of the liquid level of pulp tank, canalization digester, the temperature of water of condensation, aperture of various by-pass valve controls etc., realize automatization control easily, can all introduce the watch-keeping cubicle and concentrate control automatically, simplify worker's operation, reduce manipulation strength.
Bauxite low-temperature dissolving-out process indirect heating of the present invention, continuous production, energy-saving and cost-reducing, simple to operate, help actual suitability for industrialized production, economic benefit and social benefit are considerable.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Bauxite type selecting: gibbsite type, main component is: aluminum oxide 32-65%, and ferric oxide 7.0-20%, silicon oxide is less than 12%, alumina silica ratio is greater than 5, and the thing phase composite mainly is: gibbsite, rhombohedral iron ore, alumogoethite, kaolinite, quartz, anatase octahedrite and an a spot of diaspore.
Embodiment 1
The main component of bauxite is: aluminum oxide 52%, and ferric oxide 8.2%, silicon oxide 5.8%, alumina silica ratio 8.96, the treating processes of the continuous dissolving-out process of low temperature is as follows:
At first it is ground to become to contain admittedly and be 300g/l, fineness+100
#Be 45% qualified ore pulp, 65 ℃ of slurry temperatures are then with 150m
3The input speed of/h enters the canalization digester, the stripping pipeline has the heating steam chamber outward, the stripping pipe of coiled coil from bottom to top, one deck of its charging is heated by steam condensate, second, third layer heats with the secondary exhaust steam from bottom to top, four, layer 5 heats with the one-level exhaust steam, uppermost four layers of live steam heating with the 0.65MPa vapour pressure, after ore pulp is the tubular type stripping of 2m/s through flow velocity, 142 ℃ of drop temperatures, alumina concentration is 200g/l, and the A/S value is 183, and the solution caustic ratio is 1.40.Ore pulp enters 42m successively then
3Four insulation jars that are connected in series of the 0.4MPa pressure of size carry out continuous level Four insulation, soaking time 60 minutes, the gas equalizing pipe is arranged at the top of four insulation jars, the operation of realization canful, at this moment desiliconization index is 200, enter two-stage self-evaporatint n. cooling then, exhaust steam is further fully utilized.Amount to into aluminum oxide output 13.3t/h, the live steam consumption is 19t/h, and the steam consumption of stripping is 1.43t/t-AO.
The exsolution red mud composition is: aluminum oxide 23.1%, and ferric oxide 29.1%, silicon oxide 22.43%, alumina silica ratio 1.04, actual solubility rate are 88.39%.Theoretical solubility rate is 88.84%, and solubility rate is 99.49% relatively.
Embodiment 2
The main component of bauxite is: aluminum oxide 55%, and ferric oxide 8.8%, silicon oxide 5.6%, the treating processes of the continuous dissolving-out process of low temperature is as follows:
At first it is ground to become to contain admittedly and be 250g/l, fineness+100
#Be 40% qualified ore pulp, slurry temperature is 63 ℃, then with 150m
3The input speed of/h enters the canalization digester, live steam vapour pressure 0.60MPa, and after the process flow velocity was the tubular type stripping of 1.6m/s, drop temperature was 135 ℃, and alumina concentration is 210g/l, and the A/S value is 189, and the solution caustic ratio is 1.41.Ore pulp enters 42m successively then
3The 0.35MPa pressure heat insulating jar of size carries out continuous level Four insulation, and soaking time is 50 minutes, and at this moment desiliconization index is 210, enters two-stage self-evaporatint n. cooling then.
Other is substantially the same manner as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
The main component of bauxite is: aluminum oxide 58%, and ferric oxide 10.4%, silicon oxide 6.7%, the treating processes of the continuous dissolving-out process of low temperature is as follows:
At first it is ground to become to contain admittedly and be 340g/l, fineness+100
#Be 38% qualified ore pulp, slurry temperature is 65 ℃, then with 148m
3The input speed of/h enters the canalization digester, live steam vapour pressure 0.72MPa, and after the process flow velocity was the tubular type stripping of 1.8m/s, drop temperature was 145 ℃, and alumina concentration is 190g/l, and the A/S value is 185, and the solution caustic ratio is 1.38.Ore pulp enters 42m successively then
3The 0.46MPa pressure heat insulating jar of size carries out continuous level Four insulation, soaking time 55 minutes, and at this moment desiliconization index is 196, enters two-stage self-evaporatint n. cooling then.
Other is substantially the same manner as Example 1.
Embodiment 4
The treating processes of the continuous dissolving-out process of bauxite low-temperature of the present invention is as follows:
At first it is ground to become to contain admittedly and be 260g/l, fineness+100
#Be 30% qualified ore pulp, slurry temperature is 66 ℃, then with 160m
3The input speed of/h enters the canalization digester, live steam vapour pressure 0.70MPa, and after the process flow velocity was the tubular type stripping of 1.7m/s, drop temperature was 145 ℃, and alumina concentration is 200g/l, and the A/S value is 190, and the solution caustic ratio is 1.42.Enter 42m then
3The 0.42MPa pressure heat insulating jar of size carries out continuous Pyatyi insulation, and soaking time is 55 minutes, and at this moment desiliconization index is 220, enters two-stage self-evaporatint n. cooling then.
Other is substantially the same manner as Example 1.
Embodiment 5
The treating processes of the continuous dissolving-out process of bauxite low-temperature of the present invention is as follows:
At first it is ground to become to contain admittedly and be 330g/l, fineness+100
#Be 40% qualified ore pulp, slurry temperature is 62 ℃, then with 155m
3The input speed of/h enters the canalization digester, and after the process flow velocity was the tubular type stripping of 2.2m/s, drop temperature was 144 ℃, and alumina concentration is 210g/l, and the A/S value is 185, and the solution caustic ratio is 1.38.Ore pulp enters 42m successively then
3The 0.37MPa pressure heat insulating jar of size carries out continuous six grades of insulations, and soaking time is 60 minutes, and at this moment desiliconization index is 215, enters two-stage self-evaporatint n. cooling then.
Other is substantially the same manner as Example 1.