CN1257865C - Method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder - Google Patents

Method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder Download PDF

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CN1257865C
CN1257865C CN 02112577 CN02112577A CN1257865C CN 1257865 C CN1257865 C CN 1257865C CN 02112577 CN02112577 CN 02112577 CN 02112577 A CN02112577 A CN 02112577A CN 1257865 C CN1257865 C CN 1257865C
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concentration
urea
metal ion
powder
ratio
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CN1433998A (en
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孟广耀
方小红
董强
程继贵
彭定坤
刘杏芹
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for preparing the superfine powder of polybasic composite oxide ceramics, which is characterized in that nitrate or halide is used for forming a solution with concentration of 0.001 to 0.5M according to a stoichiometric ratio. Urea is added to the solution according to the ratio from 3 to 200 of the total molar concentration of the urea and metal ions, and the solution is kept for 1 to 6 hours in oil bath of 75 to 95 DEG C, or is heated for 6 to 15 minutes by microwave radiation of 45 to 800W. After the solution is centrifugally separated, the solution is washed, dried, roasted and ground, and polybasic composite oxide ceramic powder can be obtained. The polybasic composite oxide ceramic powder comprises cerium oxide prepared by the mixing various rare earth elements, alkali earth metal elements and various kinds of double doping, and zirconium oxide prepared by the mixing of various rare earth elements and alkali earth metal elements. Various kinds of powder with different shapes and different particle diameters can be obtained by controlling the concentration of the metal ions, the concentration of the urea and other reaction conditions to control the shapes. A raw material is cheap, and is easy to obtain, and an operation process is simple.

Description

A kind of method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder
Technical field:
The present invention relates to prepare the method for polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder.
Background technology:
Polybasic compound oxidate ceramic is because its particular structure characteristic or/and functional performance has been obtained application widely in all many-sides, receives people's very big concern.For example: rare earth element or alkali earth metal doping of cerium oxide be owing to have higher specific conductivity and low interfacial diffusion in middle temperature (600-800 ℃), and be considered to the first-selected electrolyte of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC); The stable zirconium white (YSZ) of yttrium then is the electrolyte of traditional Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, has such as advantages such as higher ionic conductivity, pure ionic conductivity, performance structure are stable are arranged at high temperature; Partially stabilized zirconium white (cubic phase) then is typical transformation toughening high-strength ceramic, is applied in electrical loss ceramic component aspect, high-strength, wear-resisting, anticorrosive, high boundary and obtains very big success.
The structure of stupalith and performance all depend on the performance of powder, and the performance of powder and pattern etc. then have confidential relation with preparation.In order to obtain the pottery of structure and excellent performance, just need obtain high-purity superfine powder.For the performance requriements that satisfies some device then needs to powder such as pattern, particle diameter and size distribution etc. are controlled, for example: when rare earth doped cerium oxide is used for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as electrolyte, traditional curtain coating or the silk screen print method of general employing obtains dense film, this requires its powder sintering activity good, the tap density height, just need press the certain mass ratio mixing greater than 7 spheric powder by particle diameter ratio more than three kinds, simultaneously, in order to make the physical strength height of film, then need add a spot of thread powder carries out toughness reinforcing: when used as the support of porous electrode material, in order to obtain the porous electrode of aperture homogeneous, then need the spherical powder of particle diameter than big and uniform particle diameter.
Among the preparation method of existing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder body, although solid reaction process technology is simple, but because it needs repeatedly to grind and roasting, the powder lack of homogeneity that obtains, introduce that impurity is many, poor activity, pattern is uncontrollable and can not satisfy the demand.At present, commonly used is soft chemical method, the Jia Nasiaisi Ruide (Janes S.Reed) of publishing as the U.S. work " Principle of Pottery Technology " (Principle of Ceramics Processing, U.S. JohnWiley; Sons company, nineteen ninety-five publishes) in the chemical coprecipitation described, have that method is simple, the optional scope of raw material wide, low cost of manufacture, can be used for preparing micron-sized composite oxide of metal powder; But make the powder that obtains inhomogeneous owing to solution forms local overrich easily in splashing into precipitation agent or metal salt solution process, the pattern of powder, size of particles and size distribution are difficult to control.
The high pure and ultra-fine powder particle is if not only size of particles reaches ultra-fine, and it is very narrow to distribute, and the shape of particle also is close to similar, then is called as and divides equally loose powder body particle.According to U.S.'s " colloid and Surface Science magazine " (Journal of Colloidand Interface Science, Vol.118, No.2 August, 1987) report, utilize homogeneous precipitation method can prepare the spherical rare-earth oxide compound (CeO of favorable dispersity 2, Sm 2O 3, Gd 2O 3Deng), but adopt this method in very narrow concentration range 0.004～0.008M, to obtain the spherical oxide powder, owing to require temperature field and density field distribution homogeneity to make this reaction have very big volume effect, the reaction cubic capacity only is several milliliters, and the required reaction times is longer, and the product that at every turn obtains seldom.Do not see the preparation that the method have been applied to multicomponent composite oxide up to now, do not see yet and mention by reaction conditions and to come the report that morphology microstructure is controlled as the control of the concentration of concentration of metal ions, urea, reaction times, Heating temperature etc.This method needs extraneous feed-in energy, makes system remain on certain temperature; And in traditional heating mode, owing to exist the temperature field distributed pole inhomogeneous, the nucleation and the nucleus growth of initial reaction stage system different zones are nonsynchronous, have a strong impact on the size and the homogeneity of particle.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of method of utilizing homogeneous reaction to prepare polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder, to overcome the above-mentioned defective of prior art.
The present invention prepares the method for polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder, it is characterized in that: the stoichiometric ratio by the polybasic compound oxidate ceramic powder that will prepare takes by weighing required nitrate or halogenide, soluble in water, making the metal ion total concn is the solution of 0.001～0.5M; Ratio by the total mol concentration of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and metal ion is 3～200, takes by weighing required urea, is dissolved in this solution; In 75～95 ℃ oil bath, be incubated 1～6 hour, or adopt the carry out microwave radiation heating 6～15 minutes of 45～800W; After the centrifugation, use washing with alcohol again with distilled water earlier, oven dry 500 ℃～750 ℃ roastings, is ground, and can obtain the polybasic compound oxidate ceramic powder;
Described multicomponent composite oxide comprises various rare earth elements or alkali earth metal is adulterated and the cerium oxide of various codopes, the adulterated zirconium white of various rare earth elements or alkali earth metal.
When adopting the oil bath heating, when the total concn of metal ion at 0.005-0.4M, and the ratio of the total mol concentration of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and metal ion is 10-200, maturing temperature is 500～750 ℃, can obtain the spherical powder of uniform particle diameter; When the concentration of metal ion is 0.5M, and the concentration of urea 750 ℃ of roastings, can obtain length-to-diameter ratio and be not less than 50 nanometer one-dimensional material when being 5.0M; When the concentration of metal ion at 0.001-0.002M, the ratio of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and the total mol concentration of metal ion is 200,750 ℃ of roastings, then obtains the spindle body that particle diameter is 5～7 μ m; When the concentration of metal ion at 0.1-0.5M, the ratio of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and the total mol concentration of metal ion is 3-5,600 ℃ of roastings, then obtains the needle-like powder.
When adopting carry out microwave radiation heating, when concentration of metal ions is 0.005-0.1M, the ratio of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and the total mol concentration of metal ion is 5-100,500 ℃ of roastings, then obtains the spherical powder that particle diameter is 50～60nm; When concentration of metal ions is 0.2-0.4M, the ratio of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and the total mol concentration of metal ion is 3-5,500 ℃ of roastings, then obtains the spherical powder that particle diameter is 3～10nm.
The inventive method belongs to the softening synthetic method of learning of solution.Compare with existing solid reaction process, solid reaction process mixes by mechanical external force, need repeatedly to grind and high-temperature roasting, the powder lack of homogeneity that obtains, introduce that impurity is many, poor activity, pattern is uncontrollable compares, and the present invention carries out in the aqueous solution owing to being reflected at, and feed composition mixes, and powder becomes the temperature of phase calcination low, make the specific surface of powder big, reactive behavior is high, can carry out morphology control; Compare with existing chemical coprecipitation, because precipitation agent ion of the present invention is not to be added by the outside, but in solution, slowly evenly produce, forming molecularity with the precipitated metal ion mixes, the introducing of impurity and the appearance of local overrich phenomenon have been avoided, generate simultaneously thereby make to be deposited in the whole solution, the growth of precipitation particles homogeneous nucleation is easy to control and forms dispersed particle.
The present invention compares with existing homogeneous reaction technology has following advantage:
(1) the present invention has broken through former homogeneous reaction method and only has been applied to prepare single oxide, and can only be in very narrow concentration range, the reaction cubic capacity only is several milliliters, the required reaction times is longer, the product that at every turn obtains seldom, the limitation that can not control morphology microstructure; The method of homogeneous reaction is extended to the polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder that can prepare different-shape, different-grain diameter, and can serialization production in enormous quantities at short notice.
(2) the present invention comprises concentration of metal ions, urea concentration, maturing temperature, type of heating by the control reaction conditions, obtains the powder of various different-shapes, different-grain diameter with control;
(3) traditional heating mode is because the temperature field distributed pole is inhomogeneous, and the nucleation and the nucleus growth of initial reaction stage system different zones are nonsynchronous, have a strong impact on the size and the homogeneity of particle.Can adopt microwave radiation to carry out the energy feed-in and the present invention proposes, can make whole solution in the extremely short time by even heating, eliminated the influence of thermograde, made precipitated phase, thereby can obtain pattern homogeneous, the uniform nano-powder of size in the moment nucleation.Adopt microwave radiation can be foreshortened to tens minutes the reaction times even several minutes, make serialization production in enormous quantities become possibility.
In addition, it is water solution system that the present invention also has such as what use, does not contain organic solvent, nontoxic pollution-free; Advantages such as the inorganic salt raw material and the urea that relate to are cheap and easy to get, and operating procedure is simple, need not specific installation, and expense is cheap.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1～Figure 12 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo, and Figure 13 is high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) photo.Wherein:
Fig. 1 is Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) the TEM photo of 50,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Fig. 2 is Ce 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9(GDC2) the TEM photo of 40,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Fig. 3 is Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) the TEM photo of 8,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Fig. 4 is Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95(GDC1) the TEM photo of 40,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Fig. 5 is Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95(GDC1) the TEM photo of 40,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Fig. 6 is Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95(GDC1) the TEM photo of 50,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Fig. 7 is Ce 0.9Sm 0.1O 1.95(SDC1) the TEM photo of 100,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Fig. 8 is Ce 0.9Sm 0.1O 1.95(SDC1) the TEM photo of 100,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Fig. 9 is Ce 0.9Sm 0.1O 1.95(SDC1) the TEM photo of 50,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Figure 10 is Ce 0.9Sm 0.1O 1.95(SDC1) the TEM photo of 50,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Figure 11 is Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) the TEM photo of 100,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Figure 12 is Ce 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9(GDC2) the TEM photo of 100,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Figure 13 is Zr 0.92Y 0.08O 1.96(YSZ)) the HRTEM photo of 500,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1: nanometer one dimension Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) preparation of ultrafine powder
Will be by Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC) Ce (NO of stoichiometric ratio 3) 3, Sm (NO 3) 3Be configured to the solution that concentration is 0.5M, by the total mol concentration ratio of urea volumetric molar concentration and metal ion is to add urea at 5: 1, oil bath was heated to 85 ℃ of constant temperature 4 hours, centrifugation, with distilled water and ethanol difference washed twice, place 80 ℃ baking oven to dry,, grind again at 750 ℃ of resistance kiln roastings.With its thing of X-ray diffraction analysis mutually as can be known, it is CeO 2The face-centered cubic phase, by diffraction pattern as can be known, do not have assorted peak, promptly do not contain dephasign, calculate its lattice parameter more thus, with pure CeO 2Slightly different, this is the lattice distortion that is caused by doping.By electricity performance measurement as can be known, the Ce of the coprecipitation method of its specific conductivity and bibliographical information preparation 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9Slightly high, and specific conductivity and doping have very big relation, so that obtain as can be known is Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9Use its pattern of tem analysis again.Fig. 1 has provided Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) amplify 50,000 times TEM photo.From photo, can see this Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9For length-to-diameter ratio is not less than 50 nanometer one-dimensional material, wherein most length-to-diameter ratios are at 80-200.
Embodiment 2: needle-like Ce 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9(GDC2) preparation of ultrafine powder
Will be by Ce 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9(GDC) Ce (NO of stoichiometric ratio 3) 3, Gd (NO 3) 3Being configured to the solution that concentration is 0.2M, is to add urea at 5: 1 by the concentration and the metal ion total concn ratio of urea, and oil bath was heated to 75 ℃ of constant temperature 6 hours, centrifugation with distilled water and ethanol difference washed twice, places 80 ℃ baking oven to dry, at 600 ℃ of resistance kiln roastings, grind again.Analyze its thing mutually and form with the analysis means identical, know that it is Ce with embodiment 1 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9With its pattern of tem analysis.Fig. 2 has provided this Ce 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9(GDC2) ultrafine powder is amplified 40,000 times TEM photo.From photo, can see this Ce 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9Be needle-like, length-to-diameter ratio is 5～8, and length is the ultrafine powder of 0.5 μ m.Adopt method same as described above, adopt and press Ce 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9(GDC) Ce (NO of stoichiometric ratio 3) 3, Gd (NO 3) 3Being configured to the solution that concentration is 0.1M, is to add urea at 3: 1 by the concentration and the metal ion total concn ratio of urea, and that then obtain also is needle-like Ce 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9Ultrafine powder.
Embodiment 3: micron fusiform Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) preparation
Will be by Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) Ce (NO of stoichiometric ratio 3) 3, Sm (NO 3) 3Be configured to the solution that concentration is 0.001M, concentration by urea is 200: 1 adding urea with metal ion total concn ratio, oil bath was heated to 95 ℃ of constant temperature 6 hours, centrifugation, with distilled water and ethanol difference washed twice, place 80 ℃ baking oven to dry,, grind again at 750 ℃ of resistance kiln roastings.Analyze its thing mutually and form with the analysis means identical, know that it is Ce with embodiment 1 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9With its pattern of tem analysis.Fig. 3 has provided this Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) the TEM photo of 8,000 times of the amplifications of powder.By photo this Ce as can be known 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) be fusiform, particle diameter is 5～6 μ m.Adopt method same as described above, adopt and press Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC) Ce (NO of stoichiometric ratio 3) 3, Sm (NO 3) 3Be configured to the solution that concentration is 0.002M, then obtaining particle diameter is fusiform Ce of 6～7 μ m 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) ultrafine powder.
Embodiment 4: spherical Ce 0.8Y 0.2O 1.9(YDC) preparation of ultrafine powder
Will be by Ce 0.8Y 0.2O 1.9(YDC) Ce (NO of stoichiometric ratio 3) 3, Y (NO 3) 3Be configured to the solution that concentration is respectively 0.1M, 0.2M and 0.4M, concentration by urea is 10: 1 adding urea with metal ion total concn ratio, oil bath was heated to 85 ℃ of constant temperature 6 hours, centrifugation, with distilled water and ethanol difference washed twice, place 80 ℃ baking oven to dry, again with it at 600 ℃ of resistance kiln roastings, grind.Analyze its thing mutually and form with the analysis means identical, know that it is Ce with embodiment 1 0.8Y 0.2O 1.9With its pattern of tem analysis, it is the spherical super fine powder, and particle diameter is 80～120nm.Its size is along with the increase of concentration of metal ions slightly reduces.
Embodiment 5: submicron spherical Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95(GDC1) preparation of ultrafine powder
Will be by Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95(GDC1) Ce (NO of stoichiometric ratio 3) 3, Gd (NO 3) 3Be configured to the solution that concentration is respectively 0.1M, 0.01M and 0.005M, concentration by urea was respectively 20: 1,50: 1 and 200: 1 adding urea with metal ion total concn ratio, oil bath was heated to 85 ℃ of constant temperature 2 hours, centrifugation, with distilled water and ethanol difference washed twice, place 80 ℃ baking oven to dry,, grind again at 750 ℃ of resistance kiln roastings.Analyze its thing mutually and form with the analysis means identical, know that it is Ce with embodiment 1 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95With its pattern of tem analysis.Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 have provided its TEM photo successively.Fig. 4 is Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95(GDC1) the TEM photo of 40,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.Fig. 5 is Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95(GDC1) the TEM photo of 40,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.Fig. 6 is Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95(GDC1) the TEM photo of 50,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.Can see that from photo it is the spherical super fine powder, particle diameter is at 120～150nm.Size is along with the increase of concentration of metal ions slightly reduces.
By embodiment 1～embodiment 5 as can be known, for the cerium oxide of different element dopings or different dopings, under identical reaction conditions, identical result is arranged all; Change reaction conditions, its Changing Pattern is also identical.
Embodiment 6: the method with microwave-assisted prepares Ce 0.9Sm 0.1O 1.95(SDC1) superfine powder
Will be by Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC) Ce (NO of stoichiometric ratio 3) 3, Sm (NO 3) 3Be configured to the solution that concentration is 0.005M, 0.01M, 0.05M, 0.1M, and adding urea, the concentration of urea is respectively 100,50,25,5 with metal ion total concn ratio, and microwave heating, the program of employing is respectively 80W heating 15min, 150W heating 12min, 300W heating 10min, 800W heating 6min, take out, centrifugation after distilled water and ethanol difference washed twice, places 80 ℃ baking oven to dry, again with powder at 500 ℃ of resistance kiln roastings, grind.Adopt methods analyst its thing identical mutually and composition, know that it is Ce with embodiment 1 0.9Sm 0.1O 1.95With its pattern of tem analysis.Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10 have provided its TEM photo successively.Fig. 7 is Ce 0.9Sm 0.1O 1.95(SDC1) the TEM photo of 100,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.Fig. 8 is Ce 0.9Sm 0.1O 1.95(SDC1) the TEM photo of 100,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.Fig. 9 is Ce 0.9Sm 0.1O 1.95(SDC1) the TEM photo of 50,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.Figure 10 is Ce 0.9Sm 0.1O 1.95(SDC1) the TEM photo of 50,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder.From photo, can see the monodispersed spherical powder that is particle diameter 50～60nm that obtains.
Embodiment 7: the method with microwave-assisted prepares the Ce of particle diameter below 10nm 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) ultrafine powder
Will be by Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) Ce (NO of stoichiometric ratio 3) 3, Sm (NO 3) 3Be configured to the solution that concentration is 0.4M, concentration by urea is respectively 3: 1 adding urea with metal ion total concn ratio, this solution is adopted 300W microwave heating 10min, take out, centrifugation with distilled water and ethanol difference washed twice, places 80 ℃ baking oven to dry, at 500 ℃ of resistance kiln roastings, grind again.Adopt methods analyst its thing identical mutually and composition, know that it is Ce with embodiment 1 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9Use its pattern of tem analysis again.Figure 11 is Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) the TEM photo of 100,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder can see that from photo what obtain is that particle diameter is the spherical super fine powder of 3～5nm.
Embodiment 8: the method with microwave-assisted prepares the Ce of particle diameter below 10nm 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9(GDC2) ultrafine powder
Will be by Ce 0.8Gd 0.2O 1.9(GDC2) Ce (NO of stoichiometric ratio 3) 3, Gd (NO) 3Be configured to the solution that concentration is 0.2M, concentration by urea is respectively 5: 1 adding urea with metal ion total concn ratio, this solution is adopted 450W microwave heating 8min, take out, centrifugation with distilled water and ethanol difference washed twice, places 80 ℃ baking oven to dry, at 500 ℃ of resistance kiln roastings, grind again.Adopt methods analyst its thing identical mutually and composition, know that it is Ce with embodiment 1 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9Use its pattern of tem analysis again.Figure 11 is Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9(SDC2) the TEM photo of 100,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder can see that from photo what obtain is that particle diameter is the spherical super fine powder of 4～7nm.
Embodiment 9: the method with microwave-assisted prepares the Zr of particle diameter below 10nm 0.92Y 0.08O 1.95(YSZ) ultrafine powder
Will be by Zr 0.92Y 0.08O 1.96(YSZ) ZrOCl of stoichiometric ratio 2, Y (NO 3) 3Solution mixes, and is configured to the solution that the metal ion total concn is 0.4M, and it is 1.2M that adding urea makes its concentration in this solution.Place the microwave oven of 450W to heat 8 minutes this solution, take out, centrifugation with distilled water and ethanol difference washed twice, places 80 ℃ baking oven to dry, and again at 500 ℃ of resistance kiln roastings, grinds.Adopt methods analyst its thing identical mutually and composition, know that it is Zr with embodiment 1 0.92Y 0.08O 1.96Analyze its pattern with HRTEM again.Figure 13 is Zr 0.92Y 0.08O 1.96(YSZ) the HRTEM photo of 500,000 times of the amplifications of ultrafine powder can see that from photo what obtain is that particle diameter is the spherical super fine powder of 6～10nm.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder, it is characterized in that: the stoichiometric ratio by the polybasic compound oxidate ceramic powder that will prepare takes by weighing required nitrate or halogenide, soluble in water, making the metal ion total concn is the solution of 0.001～0.5M; Ratio by the total mol concentration of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and metal ion is 3～200, takes by weighing required urea, is dissolved in this solution; In 75～95 ℃ oil bath, be incubated 1～6 hour, or adopt the carry out microwave radiation heating 6～15 minutes of 45～800W; After the centrifugation, use washing with alcohol again with distilled water earlier, oven dry 500 ℃～750 ℃ roastings, is ground, and can obtain the polybasic compound oxidate ceramic powder;
Described multicomponent composite oxide comprises various rare earth elements or alkali earth metal is adulterated and the cerium oxide of various codopes, the adulterated zirconium white of various rare earth elements or alkali earth metal.
2, the method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when adopting the oil bath heating, when the total concn of metal ion at 0.005-0.4M, and the ratio of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and the total mol concentration of metal ion is 10-200, maturing temperature is 500～750 ℃, obtains the spherical powder of uniform particle diameter.
3, the method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when adopting the oil bath heating, when the concentration of metal ion is 0.5M, and the concentration of urea is when being 5.0M, 750 ℃ of roastings, obtain length-to-diameter ratio and be not less than 50 nanometer one-dimensional material.
4, the method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when adopting the oil bath heating, when the concentration of metal ion at 0.001-0.002M, the ratio of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and the total mol concentration of metal ion is 200,750 ℃ of roastings, obtain the spindle body that particle diameter is 5～7 μ m.
5, the method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when adopting the oil bath heating, when the concentration of metal ion at 0.1-0.5M, the ratio of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and the total mol concentration of metal ion is 3-5,600 ℃ of roastings, obtain the needle-like powder.
6, the method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when adopting carry out microwave radiation heating, when concentration of metal ions is 0.005-0.1M, the ratio of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and the total mol concentration of metal ion is 5-100,500 ℃ of roastings, obtain the spherical powder that particle diameter is 50～60nm.
7, the method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when adopting carry out microwave radiation heating, when concentration of metal ions is 0.2-0.4M, the ratio of the volumetric molar concentration of urea and the total mol concentration of metal ion is 3-5,500 ℃ of roastings, obtain the spherical powder that particle diameter is 3～10nm.
CN 02112577 2002-01-22 2002-01-22 Method for preparing polybasic compound oxidate ceramic superfine powder Expired - Fee Related CN1257865C (en)

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CN1314625C (en) * 2005-12-27 2007-05-09 武汉理工大学 Method for synthesizing multi-element, inorganic compound ceramic uniformed powder
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