CN1256508C - Positive displacement machinery - Google Patents

Abstract

A positive displacement machine has a reciprocating member (1) performing a swinging motion according to a reciprocating motion. By utilizing the swinging motion, continuity of an operating chamber and an intake pressure space or a discharge pressure space is switched. In the positive displacement machine, only the diameter of a piston is relatively reduced for the size of each sliding part. The objective is to simplify a valve operating mechanism in a positive displacement machine, to improve reliability for working fluid of high pressure and to reduce mechanical frictional loss. As a result, a compressor capable of standing a use by ultra-high pressure refrigerant such as carbon dioxide can be put to practical use and efficiency of the whole system such as a refrigerating cycle is improved by improving productivity and reliability of the positive displacement machine.

Description

Displacement machine

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of technology that improves displacement machine and efficient such as refrigeration air-conditioner machinery that utilizes displacement machine or fuel cell system.

Background technique

In reciprocal displacement machine in the past, as drive the compressor of being put down in writing among Fig. 7 of flat 9-72275 communique the spy, for the increase and decrease of space, working room according to its volume is interconnected with suction chamber space or discharge space, chamber in turn, used the valve mechanism of forming by moving part.

In addition, opening reciprocating member in the compressor that Fig. 7 put down in writing of flat 9-72275 communique the spy is to insert lever arm in the central position at piston and form.

In above-mentioned technology in the past, the movable number of packages of forming reciprocating type displacement machine is many, exists the low problem of producibility and reliability.The 1st purpose of the present invention provides the reciprocating type displacement machine that a kind of number of spare parts is few and reliability is high.

Again, in above-mentioned technology in the past, because the restriction of assembly performance, be difficult to the reduced of piston or be difficult to realize the increase of its diameter and lever arm diameter ratio, and because the pressure of working fluid, it is limited that slip load that is produced in the lever arm portion as slide part and the pressure on the slip surface reduce.Therefore, particularly when working fluid was high pressure conditions, existing to be easy to generate increased mechanical friction loss and the low problem of sliding parts reliability.Even it is high pressure conditions that the 2nd purpose of the present invention provides a kind of working fluid, also make the reciprocating type displacement machine that mechanical friction loss is little, the reliability of sliding parts is high.

In the system that has used the displacement machine that is applicable to pressurized working fluid, because of be stored in energy in the pressurized working fluid, in the pipe resistance loss of throttle mechanism etc., from the viewpoint of energy efficiency, exist the problem of making idle work.The 3rd purpose of the present invention provides a kind of in using the system of displacement machine, when making pressurized working fluid expand decompression, and recovered energy, and reduce the high efficiency systems of the mechanical friction loss that produces when it reclaims operation.

Summary of the invention

In order to realize the 1st above-mentioned purpose, have by to-and-fro motion and change the piston of airtight working space volume and perpendicular to this reciprocating motion of the pistons direction, to the reciprocating member of two lever arms that mutually oppositely stretch out, with as the part of working space and be the guide element that above-mentioned reciprocating motion of the pistons leads, and mutual backward rotation identical and at two spindle units that on the position of radial direction off-centre, support above-mentioned lever arm from this rotatingshaft respectively with axle direction; Make piston carry out in the reciprocating displacement machine of oscillating motion while the axis that centers on vibration-direction by above-mentioned formation, utilize the increase and decrease of working space volume of the above-mentioned motion of reciprocating member corresponding to the moving part that does not use valve mechanism, constitute be communicated with the working fluid space in turn, as the suction chamber space or discharge the communication paths of space, chamber and working space.

In order to realize above-mentioned the 2nd purpose, have by to-and-fro motion and change the piston of airtight working space volume and perpendicular to this reciprocating motion of the pistons direction, to the reciprocating member of two lever arms that mutually oppositely stretch out, with as the part of working space and be the guide element that above-mentioned reciprocating motion of the pistons leads, and mutual backward rotation identical and at two spindle units that on the position of radial direction off-centre, support above-mentioned lever arm from this rotatingshaft respectively with axle direction; Piston is carried out in the reciprocating displacement machine of oscillating motion, with mode, the formation reciprocating member that inserts the parts that form piston at the middle body of parts with two lever arms while the axis that centers on vibration-direction.

In order to realize above-mentioned the 3rd purpose, have by to-and-fro motion and change the piston of airtight working space volume and perpendicular to this reciprocating motion of the pistons direction, to the reciprocating member of two lever arms that mutually oppositely stretch out, with as the part of working space and be the guide element that above-mentioned reciprocating motion of the pistons leads, and mutual backward rotation identical and at two spindle units that on the position of radial direction off-centre, support above-mentioned lever arm from this rotatingshaft respectively with axle direction; As make piston carry out the system of the constituting component of the reciprocating displacement machine of oscillating motion by above-mentioned formation, be system with compression stroke and expansion stroke while the axis that centers on vibration-direction.For example, by in two working rooms of the pistons work that is located at the reciprocating member two ends one as pressing chamber, another is as expansion chamber, will by pressing chamber power is provided and become the working fluid of high pressure at least a portion, import to expansion chamber and reclaim power, reduce pressure simultaneously, such displacement machine as constituting component, in refrigeration air-conditioner machinery system, is made its compression stroke of carrying out refrigeration cycle and expansion stroke.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the unitary side sectional view of the 1st embodiment's of the present invention pump.

Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view to Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional view to Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is the C-C sectional view to Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is the D-D sectional view to Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is the 2nd an embodiment's of the present invention decompressor unitary side sectional view.

Fig. 7 is the E-E sectional view to Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is the F-F sectional view to Fig. 6.

Fig. 9 is the G-G sectional view to Fig. 6.

Figure 10 is the H-H sectional view to Fig. 6.

Figure 11 be the 3rd embodiment of the present invention the unitary side sectional view of refrigeration agent as the expansion compressor capable of working fluid.

Figure 12 is the refrigeration cycle pie graph when being used in the refrigeration air-conditioner machine in the expansion compressor capable with the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 13 is the unitary side sectional view of the 4th embodiment's of the present invention expansion compressor capable.

Figure 14 is the I-I sectional view to Figure 13.

Figure 15 is the J-J sectional view to Figure 13.

Figure 16 is the K-K sectional view to Figure 13.

Figure 17 is the system pie graph of the expansion compressor capable with the 4th embodiment of the present invention when being used in the fuel cell system.

Figure 18 is the unitary side sectional view of the 5th embodiment's of the present invention compressor.

Among the figure: 1,21,45, the 66-reciprocating member, 1a, 21a, 21c, 45a, 45c, the 66a-piston crown, 1b, 21d, 45d, the 66b-lever arm, 1c, 21e, the 66c-pin, 1d, 21f, the 45f-connecting path, 2,16,22,48, the 69-cylinder unit, 2a., 16a, 22a, 22b, the 69a-inner peripheral surface, 2b, 16b, 21b, 22c, 45b, 48d, 66f-suction port (sucking port), 2c, 16c, 22d, 23a, 48e, the 74a-exhaust port, 3-sphere bearing shell, 4,33,50, the 67-live axle, 4a, 33a, the 67a-driving arm, 4b, 13,19b, 33b, 55,67b, the 82-counterweight, 5,42, the 68-bearing bracket stand, 5a, 68a-bearing portion, 6,23,54, the 74-cylinder cap, 7,24,40,41, the 65-working room, 8,9, the 17-baffle plate, 10,18,27,47,53, the 70-suction pipe, 11,32,49, the 79-discharge tube, 12,34, the 80-drive motor, 12a, 20a, 34a, the 80a-stator, 12b, 20b, 34b, the 80b-rotor, 14, the 81-motor casing, 15, the 46-elliptical orbit, the 19-output shaft, 19a-exports lever arm, 20-generator, 25,73-suction valve door-plate, 26, the 72-rivet, 28,75-expulsion valve door-plate, 29,76-discharge valve pressing plate, 30,77-discharges the space, 31,78-discharges the chamber housing, 35, the 56-expansion compressor capable, 36-Circulation pipe, 37-condenser, the 38-vaporizer, the 39-expansion gear, 43-ball bearing portion, 44-needle bearing portion, the 45e-nut, 45g, the 66d-suction port, 45h, 52,66e, the 71-inner space, 48c, 48g-sucks path, the 48f-drain passageway, the 51-motor, 57-air, 58-air dust remover, 59-pressurized air, the 60-fuel cell pack, 60a-negative pole, 60b-positive pole, the 60c-ion sees through film, 60d-electric power, the 61-fuel gas, 62-discharges gas, 63-high pressure exhausting air, 64-low pressure exhausting air.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 to Figure 19 various embodiments of the present invention are described.At first the 1st embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 5.Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 has represented the 1st embodiment's of the present invention positive displacement pump.

(the 1st embodiment)

Reciprocating member 1, two piston crown 1a are respectively by two inner peripheral surface 2a guiding of cylinder unit 2, reciprocating and around the rotation of this vibration-direction axis.On the piston crown 1a of reciprocating member 1, inserted perpendicular to this vibration-direction, mutual two lever arm 1b cylindraceous that oppositely protrude, and fixed with pin 1c.

Two lever arm 1b rotate the inner peripheral surface that is inserted in sphere bearing shell 3 freely respectively.The outside sphere of two sphere bearing shells 3, respectively by the driving arm 4a of live axle 4 from the rotatingshaft of live axle 4 on the position of radial direction skew, support by spherical pair.

Its result, can relatively rotate and can change the state of relative tilt direction between two lever arm 1b of reciprocating member and two live axles 4, the position of departing from the rotatingshaft from live axle 4 connects.With the radially opposite side of the driving arm 4a of live axle 4, be formed with counterweight 4b.In addition, two live axles 4 are rotated by the 5a of the bearing portion supporting of bearing bracket stand 5 respectively.Two bearing bracket stands 5 are separately fixed on the cylinder unit 2 with bolt in coaxial mode with the central shaft arrangement with the 5a of its bearing portion.

The central shaft that is formed on two inner peripheral surface 2a on the cylinder unit 2 also is coaxial mutually, and, vertical mutually with the bearing portion central shaft of bearing bracket stand 5 on being fixed on its cylinder unit 2.

Be formed on two opening ends of the inner peripheral surface 2a on the cylinder unit 2, seal, fence up, form two working rooms 7 by the piston crown 1a of reciprocating member, the inner peripheral surface 2a and the cylinder cap 6 of cylinder unit by the cylinder cap 6 that utilizes bolt respectively.In the piston crown 1a of reciprocating member, be provided with the connecting path 1d that links to each other with working room 7, on the circumferential surface of the piston side of its connecting path 1d, two opening portions arranged.On cylinder unit 2, be formed with respectively suction port 2b and exhaust port 2c to inner peripheral surface 2a opening, respectively inner peripheral surface 2a relatively to opening portion, seal by baffle plate 8 and the baffle plate 9 that is fixed on (not shown) such as bolts on the cylinder unit 2.On be used for sealing the baffle plate 8 of suction port 2b opening portion, connect from the outside suction pipe 10 that inserts of pump, connect from the outside discharge tubes 11 that insert of pump above being used for sealing the baffle plate 9 of opening portion of exhaust port 2c.

On two bearing bracket stands 5, use bolt the stator 12a of drive motor 12 respectively, on two live axles 4, clip the 5a of bearing portion respectively, be fixed with the rotor 12b of drive motor 12 in the opposite side of driving arm 4a.On rotor 12b, be installed with generation to the counterweight 13 of the rightabout less centrifugal force of above-mentioned counterweight 4b.Two drive motor 12 that are made of stator 12a and rotor 12b are identical motors, but in the overall structure of above-mentioned positive displacement pump, with opposed facing state assembling, so two live axles 4 are driven to mutual counter-rotation.Among this 1st embodiment, the drive motor 12 on Fig. 1 right side and the drive motor 12 in left side are observed from the right side of figure, are respectively with structure clockwise and the counter clockwise direction rotating drive.In addition, utilize the shared fixing electric machine casing of fixing on the cylinder unit 2 14 of bolt being fixed with on two bearing bracket stands 5.

In above-mentioned structure, if two live axles 4 drive with mutual counter-rotation, then from live axle 4 rotatingshafts to the ball center of two sphere bearing shells 3 of radial location off-centre, at the above-below direction of Fig. 1 with the cophasing to-and-fro motion, for Fig. 1 perpendicular to the paper direction on be mutual antiphase to-and-fro motion, reciprocating member 1 by two cylindric lever arm 1b of sphere bearing shell 3 supporting, as opening the spy as shown in the flat 9-72275 communique (Fig. 8), the axis around its vibration-direction in the time of reciprocating is swung repeatedly.At this moment, be formed on the piston side opening portion of the connecting path 1d on the piston crown 1a of reciprocating member 1, than the side-play amount between the rotatingshaft of the center of sphere bearing shell 3 and live axle 4, move back and forth with 2 times of strokes, but on swaying direction piston external diameter divided by the ratio of the centre distance of two sphere bearing shells 3, dwindled the stroke of oscillating motion.That is, when the rotating shaft direction of live axle 4 is observed, carry out the motion of elliptical path 15.

In Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, in each section, indicate the position of suction port 2b or exhaust port 2c, and utilize dotted line to represent to utilize dot and dash line to represent its elliptical path 15 corresponding to the above-mentioned aperture position of the connecting path 1d of the piston crown 1a of these positions.And, utilize arrow to represent the moving direction of the connecting path 1d opening portion of each live axle 4 when above-mentioned direction is rotated.The position of the opening portion of connecting path 1d among Fig. 2 and its elliptical path 15 and exhaust port 2c relation, represented the volume of working room, Fig. 1 middle and upper part 7 by the moment that reduces to change into increase, cut off state so far, make exhaust port 2c and working room's 7 conductings by connecting path 1d.Position between the opening portion of connecting path 1d among Fig. 3 and its elliptical path 15 and suction port 2b relation has been represented that the volume of working room, top 7 increases constantly by reducing to change into, guaranteed the state of conducting between suction port 2b and the working room 7 by connecting path 1d after this.Position between the opening portion of connecting path 1d among Fig. 4 and its elliptical path 15 and suction port 2b relation has represented that the volume of the working room, bottom 7 of Fig. 1 is being changed into moment of reducing, cutting off the state that is made suction port 2b and working room's 7 conductings by connecting path 1d so far by increase.

The position of the opening portion of connecting path 1d among Fig. 5 and its elliptical path 15 and exhaust port 2c relation, the volume of having represented working room, bottom 7 reduce constantly, are guaranteed by connecting path 1d the on state between exhaust port 2c and the working room 7 being changed into by increase after this.Among this 1st embodiment, provide the working fluid (liquid) of low pressure, suction port 2b as the operating on low voltage fluid space, as the pressurized working fluid space, is discharged exhaust port 2c by discharge tube 11 working fluid pressurized (liquid) by suction pipe 10.

According to above situation, and according to this 1st embodiment, can not use the moving part of valve mechanism just can realize: during the volume in space, working room increases, make between operating on low voltage fluid space and this working room and be communicated with, during the volume of working space reduces, make between pressurized working fluid space and this working room to be communicated with.Therefore, can provide the part number that has few and reciprocal positive displacement pump that producibility and reliability are high.In addition, open the content of putting down in writing on the flat 9-72275 communique according to the spy, it is reciprocal positive displacement pump, and the vibration force that the inertial force because of the change of driving torque or reciprocation mass is caused becomes very little.

In addition, in the 1st embodiment, if carry out architecture advances, make by suction pipe 10 and provide high-pressure work liquid to suction port 2b, and discharge the working fluid that is depressurized by discharge tube 11 by exhaust port 2c, can obtain that then two live axles 4 are had the oil hydraulic motor of same characteristic effect as output shaft with embodiment 1.At this moment, if drive two generators that substitute drive motor 12 and give identical load mutually by these output shafts, still according to the reason of putting down in writing on the flat 9-72275 communique of special issue, be reciprocal positive displacement hydraulic motor, the vibration force that the inertial force because of the change of driving torque or reciprocation mass is caused becomes very little.

(the 2nd embodiment)

Below, in conjunction with Fig. 6 to Figure 10 the 2nd embodiment of the present invention is described.In Fig. 6 to Figure 10, represented positive-displacement expansion engine as the 2nd embodiment of the present invention.Because of the 1st embodiment of the structure of each parts and Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 much at one, so both differences only are described.In cylinder unit 16, be respectively equipped with suction port 16b and exhaust port 16c to inner peripheral surface 16a opening, suction port 16b is littler than exhaust port 16c.In addition, provide pressurized working fluid (gas), suction port 16b as the pressurized working fluid space, as the operating on low voltage fluid space, is discharged the working fluid (gas) that is depressurized to exhaust port 16c by discharge tube 11 by the suction pipe 18 that is connected baffle plate 17.According to above structure, 7 of working rooms are during the suction stroke initial stage that its volume increases, connecting path 1d by piston crown 1a is communicated with suction port, suck pressurized working fluid (gas), and during the later stage of suction stroke, become and the enclosed space that sucks two mouths cut-outs of discharge, make the volume increase and inner working fluid (gas) is expanded.Exhaust port 16c is very big, by connecting path 1d and the exhaust port 16c conducting of piston crown 1a, discharge to expand and become the working fluid (gas) of low pressure during the whole discharge stroke that its volume reduces in working room 7.

Reciprocating member 1, its lever arm 1b is connected on two output shafts 19 by sphere bearing shell 3, fixes the rotor 20b in two generators 20 that are made of stator 20a and rotor 20b on these output shafts 19 respectively.According to above structure, this 2nd embodiment has the function as decompressor, obtains power by output shaft 18 and generates electricity.

As above-mentioned content, according to this 2nd embodiment, can not use the moving part of valve mechanism to realize: only during the initial stage that the volume in space, working room increases, the working fluid space is communicated with this working room, and the volume of working space reduce during, the working fluid space of low pressure is communicated with this working room.The effect of the reciprocal positive-displacement expansion engine that therefore, can obtain to provide that part number is few, producibility and reliability is high.Open the reason of putting down in writing on the flat 9-72275 communique according to the spy again, it is reciprocal positive-displacement expansion engine, and the vibration force that the inertial force because of the change of driving torque or reciprocation mass is caused becomes very little.

In addition, in the 2nd embodiment, discharge tube 11 and exhaust port 16c are had respectively for the suction pipe of the working fluid (gas) that sucks low pressure and the function of suction port, and suction port 16b and suction pipe 18 are had for the exhaust port of discharging pressurized working fluid (gas) and the function of discharge tube respectively, again output shaft 19 is replaced generator 20 as live axle, utilize the counter-rotation of two drive motor and Fig. 6 to drive, then can obtain the gas compressor of the characteristic effect identical with the 2nd embodiment.

(the 3rd embodiment)

Below, in conjunction with Figure 11 and Figure 12 the 3rd embodiment of the present invention is described.Figure 11 and Figure 12 have represented the expansion compressor capable as the present invention the 3rd embodiment.In the 3rd embodiment, with refrigeration agent as working fluid, in the unitary side sectional view of Figure 11, the working room 7 of bottom has the function with the decompressor of Fig. 6 same structure, identical with Fig. 9 and device shown in Figure 10, the connecting path 21f of working room 7 by reciprocating member 21 in turn with the suction port 22c and the exhaust port 22d conducting of cylinder unit 22.

On the other hand, formed on top by the piston crown 21a of reciprocating member 21, the inner peripheral surface 22a of cylinder unit 22 and the working room 24 that cylinder cap 23 is surrounded.On this piston crown 21a, be formed with suction port 21b, and, by rivet 26 valve plates 25 has been installed.Rivet 26 is retraining valve plates 25, so that its upper-end surface from piston crown 21a is upwards floated, refrigerant gas can be flowed into from suction port 21b to working room 24.Connect suction pipe 27 on cylinder unit 22, this 3rd embodiment's expansion compressor capable inside is to be the suction pressure state before piston crown 21a arrives the back side, is connecting above-mentioned suction port 21b and suction pipe 27.Be formed with exhaust port 23a on cylinder cap 23, expulsion valve door-plate 28 and expulsion valve pressing plate 29 usefulness bolts (not shown) are fixing.Cylinder cap 23 and surround discharge space 30 discharge chamber housing 31 together, be fixed by bolts on the cylinder unit 22.On discharge chamber housing 31, connecting discharge tube 32.Its result, reciprocating member 21 moves back and forth, and then compressor plays in working room 24.

The displacement machine of Figure 11, though have as the positive-displacement expansion engine tool part that produces the axle power engine with as consuming positive displacement compressor tool part two sides that the machine of power is provided from live axle, but in this 3rd embodiment, the diameter of the piston crown 21a of compressor section is bigger than the diameter of the piston crown 21b of expansion machinery part, is the function with machine of consumption of power on the whole.Therefore, live axle 33 drives rotation by the motor that stator 34a and rotor 34b are formed, and its theoretic essential power compared with the situation of the positive displacement compressor part that only drives top, has only lacked the amount of power that the positive-displacement expansion engine of bottom partly produces.

Circulation pie graph when Figure 12 has represented to be connected to the expansion compressor capable as this 3rd embodiment in the refrigeration cycle of refrigeration air-conditioner machinery.The expansion compressor capable 35 of central authorities is the expansion compressor capables of basis the 3rd embodiment among Figure 11.Thick line among the figure is a Circulation pipe 36, and the arrow on the thick line is represented the flow direction of inner refrigeration agent.Under general refrigeration agent and operating condition, at the pressurized refrigerant gas that becomes High Temperature High Pressure of the compressor section of expansion compressor capable 35, discharge by discharge tube 32, arrive condenser 37 heat releases, condensing through Circulation pipe 36, become the liquid refrigerant of high pressure.The part of the liquid refrigerant of high pressure, by flow into the decompressor part of expansion compressor capable 35 through the suction pipe 18 of Circulation pipe 36, a part is gasified when being depressurized there, and overall volume is increased, and flows out by discharge tube 11 with the gas-liquid two-phase state of low pressure.Then, arrive vaporizer 38 through Circulation pipe 36.Another part of the high pressure liquid refrigerant that comes out from condenser 37, through the Circulation pipe path that is set up in parallel with path via above-mentioned decompressor, by other expansion gear 39 decompressions that are located on this path, still some is gasified and is arrived vaporizer 38 with low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state through Circulation pipe 36.In addition, expansion gear 39 can be with refrigeration cycle in the past in expansion valve or the same mode of utilizing necking down such as capillary tube, its structure does not resemble and reclaims power to the outside as mechanical work the decompressor in inflation process.In vaporizer 38, the liquid of the gas-liquid two-phase refrigeration agent that above-mentioned two paths of process flow into partly absorbs heat and evaporates, and all becomes low-pressure gas, is flowed into the inside of expansion compressor capables 35 by suction pipe 27 through Circulation pipe 36.Flow into the refrigerant gas of expansion compressor capable 35 inside,, discharge by discharge tube 32 once more, constitute the circuit loop of refrigeration agent in the pressurized High Temperature High Pressure that becomes of compressor section.In addition, in Figure 12, process is not as the path of the decompressor part of the expansion compressor capable 35 of the side the refrigerant passage of two systems that arrive vaporizers 38 from condenser 37, and all refrigeration agents are by the expansion gear 39 of necking down, the refrigeration cycle structure in the conventional art that Here it is.

In the prior art, the whole high pressure liquid refrigerants that come out from condenser, by the time as the necking down of expansion gear 39, because the pressure loss and degradedness, and the energy that is lost becomes heat and cooled dose of absorption, so the heat absorbing property in vaporizer 38, be that refrigerating capacity descends.In contrast, in refrigeration air-conditioner machinery expansion compressor capable, that carry out refrigeration cycle of having assembled this 3rd embodiment, the part of the above-mentioned energy of in the past the high pressure liquid refrigerant that becomes heat as the necking part pressure loss, in the decompressor part that becomes one with compressor, can reclaim power with mechanical energy, can obtain to reduce to provide to compressor section the effect of power.Particularly in this 3rd embodiment, because piston crown 21a and piston crown 21b that the pressure of the working room 7 of the pressure of the working room of compressor section 24 and decompressor part becomes one and acts on reciprocating member 21, so the part of the active force that acts on reciprocating member 21 that is caused by these pressure is cancelled out each other in load phase, can reduce to slide between the lever arm 21b of reciprocating member 21 and the sphere bearing shell 3 slip load between load, live axle 33 and the 5a of bearing portion has the effect that can reduce mechanical friction loss.And as mentioned above, have at dilation and have only the amount of power part of recovery, the effect (improving refrigerating capacity) of the refrigerating capacity that in refrigeration cycle, can obtain to recover to descend than conventional art.Above result is in the refrigeration air-conditioner machinery of the refrigeration cycle of this 3rd embodiment's of assembling expansion compressor capable, obtains big refrigerating capacity with less power, therefore, can obtain to improve the effect of refrigeration air-conditioner machinery efficient.In addition, when the refrigeration air-conditioner machinery of the expansion compressor capable of having assembled this 3rd embodiment is brought into play the heating system function as heat pump, the heating ability equals the common above-mentioned refrigerating capacity and the consumption of power sum of expansion compressor capable 35, though reducing part, the augmenting portion of above-mentioned refrigerating capacity and consumption of power cancel out each other, but, only improved by 35 consumption of power reductions of expansion compressor capable as the efficient of heating system.

In the circulation pie graph of Figure 12, constitute the refrigerant passage that arrives two systems of vaporizer 38 from condenser 37.If it is formed the path of the expansion machinery part of only passing through expansion compressor capable 35, when then the ratio between the suction volume of the volume (maximum volume) of the compressor operating chamber 24 in expansion compressor capable 35 and decompressor working room 7 (volume when blocking-up and suction port 22b conducting) is fixed on certain value, the continuity of the mass flow rate in the loop of refrigeration cycle has limited the relation of suction pressure and head pressure, the operating conditions of improper or environment temperature etc. is when great changes will take place in above-mentioned volume ratio, and the operating pressure condition that might produce refrigeration cycle becomes the mystery of exceptional value.In the circulation pie graph of Figure 12, the refrigerant passage for 38 other system, can control the operating pressure condition of refrigeration cycle by the amount of restriction of adjusting expansion gear 39 from condenser 37 to vaporizer.But, when the operating conditions of suction volume ratio between each above-mentioned working room and environment temperature etc. is mated, or the suction variable volume of at least one side of each working room of expansion compressor capable 35 and can control capacity the time, and the path beyond the path of the above-mentioned expansion compressor capable 35 decompressors part of nonessential process, can from whole circulating refrigerants of refrigeration cycle, reclaim the power in the inflation process, so can form the higher refrigeration cycle of efficient.In addition, according to kind, the operating pressure of refrigeration agent, the phase transformation that becomes liquid from gas may take place also not follow, at this moment, make condenser 37 play radiator and get final product in the exothermic process of condenser 37.

(the 4th embodiment)

Below, in conjunction with Figure 13 to Figure 17 the 4th embodiment of the present invention is described.Figure 13 to Figure 16 has represented the 4th embodiment's of the present invention expansion compressor capable.This 4th embodiment is in Figure 13 unitary side sectional view, play a part aspect the compressor working room 40 of playing decompressor, top in the working room 41 of bottom, identical with the 3rd embodiment of Figure 11, but because air as working fluid, so exist there is no need expansion compressor capable integral body be enclosed in container interior, do not have differences such as external casing parts as the electric machine casing 14 of Figure 11.

One of other differences are ball bearing 43 or the needle bearings 44 that the bearing portion of bearing bracket stand 42 has used lubricating systems such as lubricating grease.Compare with using in the refrigeration agent environment of bearing portion stripping lubricating grease in the 3rd embodiment of Figure 11, in this 4th embodiment, become in air ambient and use, with the lubricated possibility that becomes of grease sealing.

Next difference is: be approximately equal to diameter as the piston crown 45a of the working room, top 40 of compressor function as the diameter of the piston crown 45c of the working room, bottom 41 of decompressor function.In the expansion compressor capable in the 3rd embodiment of Figure 11, use because of being assembled in the refrigeration cycle, so the refrigeration agent of discharging from decompressor portion still contains a large amount of liquid refrigerants, the volume when being inhaled into compressor after its volume and the whole evaporations gasifications is compared very little.Therefore, the diameter of the piston crown 21a of the diameter ratio piston compressor portion of the piston crown 21c of decompressor portion is very little.In contrast, be in the present embodiment of working fluid with the air, found out use will be with the pressurized air that in compressor section, begins to pressurize from barometric pressure almost with the gas of amount, decompressor portion, expand into atmospheric method (Figure 17), the diameter of setting the piston crown 45c of decompressor portion is approximately equal to the diameter of compressor position piston crown 45a.

Relevant therewith, Figure 14 and Figure 15 have represented the elliptical orbit 46 of the connecting path 45f of reciprocating member 45 at the opening portion of peripheral barrel surface, but because of the radius of the peripheral barrel surface of opening big, compare with the elliptical orbit 15 among the 1st～the 3rd embodiment, the length of minor axis becomes big and becomes the ellipse that expands.In addition, in the decompressor part, pressurized gas flow into to working room 41 by suction path 48c, suction port 48d and the connecting path 45f that is located on the cylinder unit 48 from suction pipe 47, then, in confined space, expand and become low-pressure gas,, flow out by being located at exhaust port 48e and the drain passageway 48f on the cylinder unit 48 from connecting path 45f from discharge tube 49.

Again because of the diameter of the piston crown 45c that the sets decompressor portion diameter of the piston crown 45a of compressor section no better than, and because the size of the recovery power in the decompressor portion is near the size of the consumption of power of compressor section, so the power that all must supply to expansion compressor capable is little, make the motor 51 that live axle 50 is driven become small capacity.

Next difference is that the suction path of compressor section and above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment's is different in this 4th embodiment, from the suction pipe of outside to the working room 40 path without the expansion compressor capable driving mechanism of packing into move inner space 52.Figure 16 is the K-K section among Figure 13, has represented the suction path of compressor section.Two suction pipes 53 flow into the suction air of the suction path 48g of cylinder unit 48 from about Figure 16, again through the suction port 45g on the piston crown 45a that is formed on reciprocating member 45, arrive the inner space 45h of piston crown 45a,, be drawn in the working room 40 by suction valve door-plate 25 from suction port 45b by rivet 26 assemblings.Between the suction path 48g of cylinder unit 48 and the suction port 45g of piston crown 45a, in whole suction stroke, be on state.Because of sucking the inner space 52 of air without expansion compressor capable, therefore can prevent to sneak into is the lubricated wet goods that injects in inner space 52 of lubricated each sliding position, the pressurized air that can obtain to clean.

And in this 4th embodiment, piston crown 45a, 45c and the linkage structure between the lever arm 45d of reciprocating member 45 are different from above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment.As present embodiment, when the working pressure of working fluid is relatively hanged down,, also can be designed to a slip surface pressure control in usage range even the diameter of slide part is much smaller than the diameter of piston crown 45a, 45c between the inner peripheral surface of lever arm 45d and sphere bearing shell 3.At this moment,, insert lever arm 45d by connecting piston crown 45a, 45c as present embodiment, and effective by the method for assembling all-in-one-piece reciprocating members 45 such as nut 45e.As the 1st to the 3rd embodiment, in at least one of the piston crown diameter that makes two places during near the size of the slide part diameter of reciprocating member lever arm, can adopt on the contrary to make the central position of lever arm thick, connect the Insert Here piston crown and fixing all-in-one-piece method.

System's pie graph when Figure 17 has represented that the 4th embodiment's expansion compressor capable is applied to fuel cell system.The expansion compressor capable 56 of right side central part is basis the 4th embodiment's of Figure 13 a expansion compressor capable.Air 57 in the atmosphere, is flowed out by discharge tube 32 in compressor section compression back from suction pipe 53 inflows of expansion compressor capable 56 by behind the air dust remover 58 in the upper right corner, is fed to the negative pole 60a of fuel cell pack 60 as pressurized air 59.The purpose of supply pressurized air 59 is to negative pole 60a supply high density oxygen, in the hope of high efficiency, the miniaturization of fuel cell pack 60.On the other hand, to the anodal 60b supply of hydrogen of fuel cell pack 60 or contain the fuel gas 61 of hydrogen.Arrange that between negative pole 60a and anodal 60b ion sees through film 60c, be supplied to the hydrogen of anodal 60b or contain hydrogen ion (+ion) that the gas of hydrogen produces and see through this ion and see through film 60c, in combine the process that generates moisture with the oxonium ion that from the oxygen that is supplied to negative pole 60a, produces (ion), can take out the electric power 60d as electrode from fuel cell pack 60 negative pole 60a and anodal 60b.Be supplied to the fuel gas 61 of anodal 60b after having consumed hydrogen, to discharge from fuel cell pack 60, be used in the thermal source of modification device (not shown) etc. as discharging gas 62.Though a part that is supplied to the pressurized air 56 of negative pole 60a to consume oxygen has increased newly-generated moisture, discharges from fuel cell pack 60 as high pressure exhausting air 63.Then, flow into once more the expansion compressor capable 56, after decompressor portion expands, flow out, finally emit to atmosphere as low pressure exhausting air 64 by discharge tube 49 from suction pipe 47.

In addition, in the decompressor part, pressurized gas flow into working room 41 through suction path 48c, suction port 48d and the connecting path 45f that is located on the cylinder unit 48, then, in confined space, expand, become low-pressure gas, through being located at exhaust port 48e and the drain passageway 48f on the cylinder unit 48, flow out by discharge tube 49 from connecting path 45f.

In the fuel cell system of the expansion compressor capable 56 of having assembled this 4th embodiment, a part that is used to supply pressurized air 59 necessary power can be utilized the power that is reclaimed by power recovery mechanism, therefore can reduce the effective power that must be provided again by the outside.In addition, in the separate general power recovery mechanism of compressor section and decompressor part, the total mechanical friction loss of the mechanical friction loss that partly produces at compressor section and decompressor becomes big respectively, in contrast, in this 4th embodiment, identical with the 3rd embodiment, load stage of the reciprocating member 45 that acts on shared part to offset the slip load that reduces each sliding parts, reduce mechanical friction loss.Thus, improve the efficient of expansion compressor capable 56, had the effect of the load to weight ratio of the integral body that further raising uses this fuel cell system.

(the 5th embodiment)

Below, in conjunction with Figure 18 the 5th embodiment of the present invention is described.Figure 18 has represented the present invention the 5th embodiment's compressor.The 5th embodiment is formed on two working rooms 65 of the upper and lower of central authorities in the unitary side sectional view of Figure 18, all have the function of compressor operating chamber.That is, this 5th embodiment is a duplex cylinder compressor.Working fluid is a carbon dioxide, and the pressure in the working room is 4～5 times very high pressure of the refrigeration agent of freon class in the past.On the other hand, the refrigerating capacity of the per unit volume of refrigeration agent also becomes 4～5 times, and the compressor swept volume that produces identical refrigerating capacity is little, and is very desirable.In the compressor of Figure 18, only dwindle swept volume, do not dwindle the to-and-fro motion stroke of the centre of sphere of the sphere bearing shell 3 by being installed in actuated lever arm 67a from the reciprocating member that side-play amount determined 66 of live axle 67 rotatingshafts by the diameter that reduces two piston crown 66a in the reciprocating member 66.In addition, the duplex cylinder compressor that freon class refrigeration agent in the past has identical refrigerating capacity compares, the diameter of the diameter of the slide part between the lever arm 66b that has guaranteed reciprocating member 66 and the sphere bearing shell 3 or axial length and the slide part between live axle 67 and the bearing bracket stand 68 or axial length are identical, the compression area of slide part and equating in the past.Such design, in the present invention in the mechanism of the displacement machine of Cai Yonging, because of the inside of the direct acting reciprocating member 66 of the pressure of working room does not have slide part,, can independently separately set so the dimensional parameters of the size of the diameter portion of piston and slide part etc. does not have mutual constraint.In addition, in the reciprocating mechanism of in the past slidercrank mechanism, because of wrist pin in wrist-pin end of connecting rod portion is positioned at the direct acting internal piston of pressure of working room, thus when piston diameter is set hour, be difficult to keep with the compression area of slide part between the connecting rod and in the past identical.In addition, in the rotary compressor of rotary-piston mode etc., if for the direct acting area of pressure that reduces the working room dwindles the width or the diameter of cylindric rotation section (piston), then be difficult to the compression area of the slide part between the cam pin axial region of the axle of inside, rotation section and the rotation section inner peripheral surface kept and in the past identical.

Carbon dioxide as working fluid, by being installed in the inner space 71 of the suction pipe 70 inflow compressors on the cylinder unit 69, from being located at the inner space 66e of the suction port 66d arrival piston crown 66a on the reciprocating member 66, be drawn into the working room 65 through the suction valve door-plate 73 that is installed in piston crown 66a with rivet 72 from suction port 66f.After working room 65 is compressed, from being formed on exhaust port 74a on the cylinder cap 74, discharging to discharging space 77 by expulsion valve door-plate 75 and discharge valve pressing plate 76.Expulsion valve door-plate 75 and discharge valve pressing plate 76 utilize the bolt (not shown) to be fixed on the cylinder cap 74.Cylinder cap 74 be with surround discharge space 77 discharge chamber housing 78 together, utilize to be bolted on the cylinder unit 69.Discharging connection discharge tube 79 on the chamber housing 78, the working fluid of high pressure is finally thus to the outside outflow of pressing chamber.

In this 5th embodiment,, thereby make the diameter of two inner peripheral surface 69a of the cylinder unit 69 of having inserted these parts also little because of working fluid is that the diameter of carbon dioxide two piston crown 66a making reciprocating member 66 is all little.If on the piston crown 66a of reciprocating member 66, form the part thicker, then when assembling, just can not insert in the inner peripheral surface 69a of cylinder unit 69 than the diameter of inner peripheral surface 69a.On the other hand, the ratio of the diameter of inner peripheral surface 69a and the diameter of lever arm 66b, comparing with refrigeration agent situation in the past relatively becomes big, when assembling reciprocating member 66, as shown in figure 13, the structure of insertion lever arm 66b can not proof strength in the hole on being formed on piston crown 66a.Therefore, in this 5th embodiment, adopted central position to form thick part, in the hole of this position formation, inserted piston crown 66a and use the fixing structure of pin 66c at lever arm 66b.

In this 5th embodiment, working fluid is carbon dioxide and utilizes two working rooms 65 to carry out the twin-tub structure of compression work, and therefore, to compare consumption of power for a short time big with the swept volume of each working room 65, so it is drive motor 80 is very big, also big its fence up electric machine casing 81 of forming confined space.

According to this 5th embodiment, at first, even when high pressure working gass such as use carbon dioxide, owing to do not dwindle the constraint conditio of diameter of the piston crown 66a of the reciprocating member 66 that bears its press member, so can not increase the load of slide part design is become easily, and do not increase the possibility that is designed to of mechanical friction loss.In addition, at this moment,, design is become easily, and make and do not reduce Design in Reliability and become possibility owing to need not dwindle the area of sliding partss such as bearing portion.In addition, in reciprocating member 66,, also can fully guarantee intensity with lever arm 66b bound fraction even dwindle piston crown 66a as major part.That is,, exist everywhere, so realize easily with to the practicability of the little working gas of the load of environment as the refrigerated air-conditioning system of refrigeration agent at nature though pressure is very high as carbon dioxide.

(invention effect)

According to the present invention, can be in reciprocal displacement machine without the moving parts of valve mechanism, Has the effect that improves its productivity and reliability.

According to the present invention, in positive displacement compressor, has following effect again: because need not to reduce The size of the sliding parts such as bearing or compression area can reduce the compression area of operating room, so Even as working fluid, also can not increase sliding part to superelevation compression refrigerants such as carbon dioxide The pressure of load or sliding surface can prevent the significantly decline of reliability, mechanical efficiency.

And then according to the present invention, also have following effect: since can reduce act on compressor and The load of each sliding part of the displacement machine that decompressor is integrated, thus mechanical efficiency can be improved, And can carry out efficient power recovery by decompressor, greatly improve and assembled power recovery The efficient of the whole system of the kind of refrigeration cycle of mechanism etc.

Claims (6)

1. displacement machine, have by to-and-fro motion and change the piston of airtight working space volume and perpendicular to this reciprocating motion of the pistons direction, to the reciprocating member of two lever arms that mutually oppositely stretch out, with as the part of working space and be the guide element that above-mentioned reciprocating motion of the pistons leads, and mutual backward rotation identical and at two spindle units that on the position of radial direction off-centre, support above-mentioned lever arm from this rotatingshaft respectively with axle direction; Make above-mentioned piston carry out while the axis that centers on vibration-direction it is characterized in that in the reciprocating displacement machine of oscillating motion by above-mentioned formation:

On described piston, be formed with, two opening portions that form in this piston side and with the connecting path that is communicated to described working space when these two opening portions are communicated with,

During above-mentioned working space volume increase, make operating on low voltage fluid space and its working room via a side of described opening portion and described connecting path and be communicated with, and during the volume of working space reduces, have length at least, the pressurized working fluid space is communicated with via an other side of described connecting path and described opening portion with this working room.

2. displacement machine, have by to-and-fro motion and change the piston of airtight working space volume and perpendicular to this reciprocating motion of the pistons direction, to the reciprocating member of two lever arms that mutually oppositely stretch out, with as the part of working space and be the guide element that above-mentioned reciprocating motion of the pistons leads, and mutual backward rotation identical and at two spindle units that on the position of radial direction off-centre, support above-mentioned lever arm from this rotatingshaft respectively with axle direction; Make above-mentioned piston carry out while the axis that centers on vibration-direction it is characterized in that in the reciprocating displacement machine of oscillating motion by above-mentioned formation:

On described piston, be formed with, two opening portions that form in this piston side and with the connecting path that is communicated to described working space when these two opening portions are communicated with,

During increasing, above-mentioned working space volume has length at least, make pressurized working fluid space and this working room via a side of described opening portion and described connecting path and be communicated with, and the working space volume reduce during, the operating on low voltage fluid space is communicated with via an other side of described connecting path and described opening portion with this working room.

3. displacement machine is characterized in that:

Two reciprocating members that lever arm constitutes that the axis that moves back and forth by being led by other parts and center on this vibration-direction carries out two pistons of oscillating motion and oppositely protrudes mutually on perpendicular to the direction of this vibration-direction； with the guide element that is the piston guide of above-mentioned reciprocating member as miscellaneous part； with while carrying out around coaxial mutual backward rotation from the eccentric position of the radial direction of its rotatingshaft, so that a lever arm of above-mentioned reciprocating member can relatively rotate and change two spindle units that the mode of its rotating shaft direction supports respectively and support the bearing part of the rotation of above-mentioned two spindle units; Above-mentioned parts as inscape; Respectively with above-mentioned reciprocating two pistons in abutting connection with and form confined space and as two working spaces; A working space is to utilize the mutual backward rotation of above-mentioned two axle parts to change volume; Play a part to carry out the displacement machine of conveying or the compression of working fluid; Another working space is to utilize the pressure of working fluid to change volume; Play a part above-mentioned two axle parts are driven the positive-displacement engine of rotating to mutual opposite direction

On the piston of described another working space, be formed with, two opening portions that form in this piston side and with the connecting path that is communicated to described working space when these two opening portions are communicated with,

During increasing, above-mentioned working space volume has length at least, make pressurized working fluid space and this working room via a side of described opening portion and described connecting path and be communicated with, and the working space volume reduce during, the operating on low voltage fluid space is communicated with via an other side of described connecting path and described opening portion with this working room.

4. displacement machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that:

Two spindle units are rotated by motoring respectively, and displacement machine partly is to be gas the compressor of working fluid, and positive-displacement engine partly is the decompressor of at least a portion of the gas that compresses in above-mentioned compressor as working fluid.

5. refrigeration cycle and refrigeration air-conditioner machinery, the compression set of compression and low pressure refrigerant gas, with emit the cooling unit that becomes the refrigerant gas heat of High Temperature High Pressure after being compressed, expansion gear with the high-pressure refrigerant that is cooled of being used to reduce pressure, with the heating equipment that is used to evaporate the liquid refrigerant part after being depressurized, form the pipe of closed circulation with being connected these devices; In the refrigeration cycle as constituting component, it is characterized in that said apparatus and pipe:

The displacement machine part of utilizing the described displacement machine of claim 4 is as above-mentioned compression set, and the positive-displacement engine part of utilizing the described displacement machine of claim 4 is as above-mentioned expansion gear.

6. refrigeration cycle and refrigeration air-conditioner machinery, the compression set of compression and low pressure refrigerant gas, with emit the cooling unit that becomes the refrigerant gas heat of High Temperature High Pressure after being compressed, expansion gear with the high-pressure refrigerant that is cooled of being used to reduce pressure, with the heating equipment that is used to evaporate the liquid refrigerant part after being depressurized, form the pipe of closed circulation with being connected these devices; In the refrigeration cycle as constituting component, it is characterized in that said apparatus and pipe:

The displacement machine part of utilizing the described displacement machine of claim 4 is as above-mentioned compression set, and with the positive-displacement engine part of the described displacement machine of claim 4 and other throttling expansion device as above-mentioned expansion gear.

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