CN1256250A - Water purifying process including micro flocculation of inorganic high-molecular flocculant and direct deep-bed filtration - Google Patents
Water purifying process including micro flocculation of inorganic high-molecular flocculant and direct deep-bed filtration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The micro flocculation-direct deep-bed filtration system is designed based on the strong adsorption, electric neutralization and flocculation as well as adhesion and bridging function of inorganic high-molecular flocculant. The process is suitable for the treatment of city drinking water and industry water supply as well as the deep treatment of reused sewage and is especially suitable for the purification of reservoir and lake water with turbidity lower than 20 NTU and colority lower than 20 APHA. Compared with conventional water treating process including coagulation, precipitation, clarification and filtration, the process uses no flocculation pool and precipitating clarification pool and is shorter, simple and efficient.
Description
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of little flocculation one deep bed direct filtration technology that is suitable for inorganic polymer flocculant efficient flocculating reaction characteristics, this technology is applicable to cities and towns tap water, industrial water supply or waste water recycling advanced treatment field, be specially adapted to lake, reservoir low temperature, turbid, rich algae high luminance relay water quality is as the middle samll cities and towns clean water treatment of drinking source water.
Along with the current social rapid development of economy, the raising of living standards of the people and quality, the people extraordinarily pay close attention to the drinking water quality problem, and it is stricter that various countries' water quality standard for drinking water also is tending towards, more standard.Therefore, the drink water purifying of safety, health is handled emphasis and the heat subject that has become current water treatment field research both at home and abroad.
Yet because a large amount of dischargings of current industrial and agricultural wastewater have caused the water quality of river pollution becoming serious, water quality little pollution situation in drinking water source is on the rise, and especially middle or small river, cities and towns has become the dirty ground of receiving of local trade effluent and sanitary sewage.Therefore, reservoir, lake water quality have become important tap water seedbed in world today's scope.Yet the purifying treatment of the low-temperature and low turbidity in reservoir, lake, low look, algae matter becomes one of the current emphasis of giving water treatment and difficult point again.
The subject matter of tradition water supply purification treatment process when handling this class water quality is the low poor removal effect that causes of, collision efficiency few owing to numbers of particles in the water.Therefore, need come the enhanced granule probability of collision by adding clay particle or increasing coagulating agent dosage in the coagulating treatment operating mode, this has not only significantly increased medicament expense usefulness, also causes sludge quantity to increase simultaneously, has increased the subsequent technique load then.Simultaneously, the filter bed of traditional filtering operating mode is more shallow, particle diameter of filter medium is little, thereby has caused problems such as holding filth capacity is little, the cycle of operation is short, producing water ratio is low.Use double-layer filter material or multilayer filtrate can improve holding filth capacity and filtering velocity, but have the back flushing difficulty, mix shortcomings such as layer easily.In addition, slow and responsive owing to traditional flocculation agent speed of response to source water chemistry condition, flocculating and purifying usefulness is low, everything not only causes existing water factory treating processes not smooth, the flco come-up, the filter tank is stopped up, and processing costs significantly increases, but also cause overproof water quality, a series of problems of degradation under the producing water ratio.
As far back as the seventies, people such as U.S. Wisner studies have shown that direct filtration is better to this type of purification of water quality treatment effect, and can save flocculation reaction in the traditional technology and precipitation clarification steps, obviously save initial cost; And under suitable hydraulics, can significantly save added amount of chemical, prolong filtration cycle, reduce sludge loading, thereby can significantly save the operation working cost.Direct filtration technology has obtained more application in developed countries such as the U.S., France, Australia at present, although at present both at home and abroad all in research and development direct filtration technology technology, many bibliographical informations are also arranged, but external direct filtration technology all adopts traditional Tai-Ace S 150 or iron(ic) chloride as flocculation agent, also need assist cationic high-molecular flocculant simultaneously, and with the non-ionic type polymeric flocculant as filtration adjuvant.Technological process is comparatively complicated, offers medicine wide in variety and the control difficulty, and has organic polymer genotoxic potential problem, therefore is not suitable for China's water supply purification and handles.The domestic direct filtration technology of once reporting, filter bed are filled the filtrate degree of depth generally only now in 1.2-2.0m, and used particle diameter of filter medium is all at 1.2-1.8mm, and filtering velocity also only is 10-12m, so its treatment effect is very not remarkable.
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of little flocculation-deep bed direct filtration water-purifying process that is suitable for inorganic polymer flocculant efficient flocculating reaction characteristics, it is applicable to low temperature, low turbid, low look, the reservoir or the lake water quality of rich algae and the little pollution of organism, and the industrial water supply advanced treatment, oily(waste)water, urban sewage recycling advanced treatment.This technology also can be used for the technological transformation of existing traditional filtering technology.This technology has good processed water quality, and the cycle of operation is long, and producing water ratio is big, and is stable, and can significantly save capital cost and reduce the medicament running cost, is suitable for advantages such as control automatically.
Technical process of the present invention is: processed water and inorganic polymer flocculant by online tube mixer or the of short duration hybrid reaction of mechanical agitating tank after (1-3 minute), directly enter deep-bed filter and carry out purifying treatment.Principal feature of the present invention is:
1. it is according to inorganic polymer flocculant (polymerize aluminum chloride, poly-ferric chloride, polymeric aluminium-silica) poly-hydroxy polymerization complex ion in and water-borne glue body particulate strong adsorption/charge neutrality cohesion is taken off steady, adsorption-condensation can take place rapidly after adding in the water to be taken off and surely and fast forms micro-floccule particulate characteristics,, guarantee that impurity particle and flocculation agent generation intensive charge neutrality/adsorption-condensation take off steady the best in the former water to add dosage by the dosage that adds of the strict control of volume pump and streaming current inorganic polymer flocculant according to the source water quality condition.
2. adopt tubular type on-line mixing device, tubular type blended hydraulics is controlled to be 1-3 minute, only produce little flocculation alumen ustum (particle size range is electropositive micro-floccule particle a little less than 50-100 μ m) before former water after guaranteeing to offer medicine enters the filter tank, alumen ustum increases and settling process is finished in filtering layer.Therefore the dirt that cuts in filter tank is evenly distributed, and significant depth is big, saves mixing pit and reaction tank in the traditional technology simultaneously, saves initial cost.
3. have according to being adsorbed on inorganic polymer flocculant on the water-borne glue body particle surface that intensive adheres to the flocculation characteristics of building bridge and because homogeneous super large filtrate is adopted in the micro-vortex effect that the water power turbulent motion forms between the super large filtrate.The filtrate median size is at 2.0-4.0mm, and nonuniformity coefficient is 1.2～1.5.The filter bed degree of depth is at 3-5 rice, and the filtrate packing height is a 1.5-3 rice.Guarantee to increase the probability of collision between little alumen ustum floc particle and adhere to the bridge formation ability and by effective interception in the filtrate gap, thereby guarantee that material is under the good condition of effluent quality, the filter tank retaining power obviously improves, and the cycle of operation and producing water ratio significantly increase, and flocculant dosage then significantly reduces.
Technology experiment process of the present invention system as shown in Figure 1, it is as follows to install concrete dimensional parameters: the high 500cm of filter post, internal diameter 20cm, supporting layer 20cm.The hard coal particle size range is 2.0-2.5mm and 3.5-4.0mm, nonuniformity coefficient 1.05-1.1.The filtering layer packing height is 1 meter-2.5 meters.Water inlet directly links to each other the cobble of supporting layer place mat grain diameter 16-32mm, 8～16mm, 4-8mm with the water factory water distribution pipeline.The designing treatment amount is 1 ton/hour, and filtering velocity is 30 meters.
Flow process: source water enters tube mixer by source water storage tank through pump, by high-precision electronic wriggling volume pump control filling flocculant dose, directly enters the filter post through former water and flocculation agent after tube mixer mixes 1 minute and cuts dirty the processing before tube mixer.Delivery turbidity is adopted online monitoring turbidimeter and is carried out online detection and record.Filtering velocity is controlled at 16～31m/h, and it is 220cm that head loss penetrates standard setting, and it is turbidity＜0.3NTU that water quality penetrates standard setting, and colourity＜0.5APHA is consistent with external water quality standard.
Advantage below by the bright specifically technology clean water treatment of the present invention of practical embodiment: Application Example 1:
Raw water turbidity 8.2～9.7NTU, colourity is 0～7.5APHA (platinum cobalt colorimetry chromaticity unit), 0～10 ℃ of water temperature, pH is 6.8～7.1.Adopt ANTHRACITE FILTER MEDIA, particle diameter of filter medium 2.0～2.2mm, nonuniformity coefficient 1.2, the filler degree of depth is 2 meters.Tubular type is mixed, and 2 minutes residence time, the GT value is 1200.Initial filtering velocity is 20m/hr.Final filtering velocity is 18m/hr.Flocculation agent adopts polymerize aluminum chloride (basicity 50～60%) and Tai-Ace S 150, and dosage is that 0.75～1.0mg/L is (with Al
2O
3Meter, down together).The clean water treatment contrast effect sees Table 1.Application Example 2:
Raw water turbidity is respectively 7.5～8.5NTU, and colourity is 30～50APHA (platinum cobalt colorimetry chromaticity unit), and water temperature is 10～15 ℃, and pH is 7.2～7.5.Adopt quartz sand filter media, particle diameter 1.7～1.9mm, nonuniformity coefficient 1.18, filling the filtrate degree of depth is 2 meters.Tubular type adds mechanical stirring and mixes, and 2 minutes residence time, the GT value is 1400.Initial filtering velocity is 2m/hr.Final filtering velocity is 18m/hr.Flocculation agent is poly-ferric chloride (basicity 15～24%) and iron trichloride, is that 3～6mg/L is (with Al at identical dosage
2O
3Meter, down with) under the condition.The clean water treatment effect comparison sees Table 2.
Table 1, polymeric aluminum flocculating agent and aluminum chloride/Tai-Ace S 150 flocculation agent
The contrast of purifying water effect in little flocculation-deep bed direct filtration technology
| Flocculation agent | Dispensing dosage (mg/l) | Turbidity (NTU) water inlet water outlet | Colourity (APHA) water inlet water outlet | Water temperature ℃ | Head loss (cm/hr) | Filtration cycle (hr) | Cycle producing water ratio (m 3/m 2) |
| PAC-50 | ???0.75 | ?8.9????0.02 | 0.0??????0.0 | ???10 | ????0.091 | ???26 | ????468 |
| AlCl 3 | ???0.75 | ?8.9????0.27 | 0.0??????0.0 | ???10 | ????0.107 | ????8 | ????145 |
| PAC-60 | ???0.75 | ?8.2????0.08 | 0.0??????0.0 | ????5 | ????0.087 | ???25 | ????452 |
| AlCl 3 | ???1.25 | ?8.2????0.32 | 0.0??????0.0 | ????5 | ????0.097 | ???14 | ????252 |
| PAC-60 | ???1.35 | ?9.8????0.20 | 7.4??????0.2 | ????3 | ????0.115 | ???15 | ????277 |
| AlCl 3 | ???1.35 | ?9.8????1.2 | 7.4??????2.7 | ????3 | ????0.191 | ????7 | ????126 |
| PAC-60 | ???1.0 | ?8.7????0.5 | 7.2??????0.1 | ????5 | ????0.106 | ???16 | ????293 |
| AlSO 4 | ???2.55 | ?8.7????0.5 | 7.2??????0.5 | ????5 | ????0.153 | ????5 | ????75 |
Table 2, poly ferric chloride flocculant agent and iron trichloride flocculation agent
The contrast of purifying water effect in little flocculation-deep bed direct filtration technology
| Head loss (m/hr) | Effluent quality (NTU) | Effluent quality (colourity) | The cycle of operation (hr) | Producing water ratio (m 3/m 2) | |
| 1) raw water quality | ???7.5-8.5NTU | ????30-35 | |||
| PFC-A | ????0.15 | ??????0.05 | ?????＜3 | ?????19.5 | ?????270 |
| PFC-B | ????0.14 | ??????0.03 | ?????＜3 | ??????20 | ?????280 |
| FeCl 3 | ????0.26 | ??????0.03 | ?????＜3 | ?????11.5 | ?????160 |
| 2) raw water quality | ????50-60NTU | ?????50 | |||
| PFC-A | ????0.21 | ??????0.12 | ?????＜5 | ?????14.5 | ?????200 |
| PFC-B | ????0.23 | ??????0.10 | ?????＜5 | ?????13.5 | ?????190 |
| FeCl 3 | ????0.32 | ??????0.05 | ?????＜5 | ?????7.5 | ?????105 |
The application example result of table 1 and table 2 as seen, at different quality, identical or be lower than traditional flocculation agent and add under the dosage condition, no matter inorganic polymer flocculant is in the cycle of operation, effluent quality and producing water ratio aspect are all apparently higher than traditional flocculation agent, show that little flocculation of the present invention-direct water purification treatment technology of dark bed is suitable for the efficient flocculating reaction characteristics of inorganic polymer flocculant fully, has significant turbidity removal and remove look water purification usefulness.Application Example 3
Advantage for the actual clean water treatment that is illustrated more clearly in technology of the present invention, process system of the present invention is led in water source, Beijing nine factories and is shown that pilot plant carries out the actual clean water treatment test run(s) of (10 months) low-cloudy water (1.8-3.0NTU) for a long time, and contrasts with present operation process system of this factory simultaneously.。On average be lower than the situation of 5NTU according to the long-term water turbidity of this water factory, water factory's actual motion test is further adjusted, and adopts the super large ANTHRACITE FILTER MEDIA, particle diameter 3.5～4.0mm, and as diameter d e=3.8mm, nonuniformity coefficient 1.05.Thickness of filter bed is 2～2.5m..Mix and adopt the tubular type mixing to mix GT value 1200～1500 with mechanical stirring.Typical case's test run(s) comparing result sees Table 3 and table 4 respectively.
Table 3, the actual motion clean water treatment result of Beijing water factory
The The actual running results contrast of the existing treatment process of table 4, little flocculation-deep bed direct filtration technology and water factory
| Numbering | Turbidity (NTU) | Filter bed bed dark (m) | Dispensing dosage (mg/l) | Head rate of rise (cm/hr) | Filtration cycle (hr) | Filter filtering velocity (m/h) | Cycle producing water ratio (m 3/m 2) | Backwash water rate (%) | |
| Water inlet | Water outlet | ||||||||
| ??1 | ???1.50 | ???0.20 | ?????2 | ????0.4 | ???5.62 | ????25 | ????32 | ????775 | ???0.86 |
| ??2 | ???1.83 | ???0.21 | ?????2 | ????0.48 | ???4.47 | ????34 | ????25 | ????867 | ???1.09 |
| ??3 | ???1.76 | ???0.2 | ????2.5 | ????0.4 | ???4.57 | ????96 | ????16 | ???1536 | ???1.01 |
| ??4 | ???1.87 | ???0.21 | ????2.5 | ????0.32 | ???2.12 | ????95 | ????16 | ???1520 | ???1.12 |
| ??5 | ???2.53 | ???0.15 | ????2.5 | ????0.48 | ???5.67 | ????74 | ????16 | ???1184 | ???1.12 |
| ??6 | ???2.47 | ???0.2 | ????2.5 | ????0.68 | ???6.32 | ????78 | ????16 | ???1242 | ???1.05 |
| ??7 | ???2.52 | ???0.6 | ????2.5 | ????0.4 | ???7.35 | ????68 | ????24 | ???1632 | ???0.97 |
| ??8 | ???2.34 | ???0.48 | ????2.5 | ????0.48 | ???6.54 | ????62 | ????24 | ???1440 | ???1.07 |
| ??9 | ???1.67 | ???0.13 | ????2.5 | ????0.48 | ???7.14 | ????28 | ????31 | ????868 | ???0.89 |
| ??10 | ???1.38 | ???0.18 | ????2.5 | ????0.4 | ???3.24 | ????71 | ????24 | ???1420 | ???1.03 |
| Technical process | Filter filtering velocity (m/hr) | Dispensing dosage range (mg/L Al 2O 3) | Cycle producing water ratio (m 3/m 2) | Backwash water rate (%) | |
| Operation process system of water factory | The filter tank carbon filter water outlet of three grades of flocculation tank of mixing pit inclined-plate clarifying basin hard coal | ???7～8 | ?????0.6～0.8 | ????336～384 | ???1.5～1.6 |
| Process system of the present invention | Mixing pit deep-bed filtration carbon filter water outlet | ??16～32 | ????0.32～0.48 | ???1200～1500 | ???0.8～1.1 |
From table 4 comparing result as seen, water-purifying process of the present invention has following several respects advantage: 1) aspect technical process, flocculation reaction and precipitation process have been omitted in technical process of the present invention, and therefore only can directly save technology investment aspect technical process takes nearly 1/3.2) aspect producing water ratio, existing water factory filtering basin adopt the surface bed structure, filtering velocity is 7-8m/hr, carried out back flushing in 48 hours, and by little flocculation of the present invention at present-deep bed direct filtration technology filtering velocity control 16m/hr, steady running was up to 80-96 hour, and the existing traditional technology of filtering velocity ratio improves 1 times, also improve 1 times filtration cycle, a day producing water ratio improves nearly 4 times thus.Only this, water factory's annual gained society and economy benefit is very considerable.3) aspect medicament: use the liquid polymeric aluminium flocculating agent of B value 60% at present, dark at bed is 2.5m, and during filtering velocity 16m/h, dosage only is 2mg/L (trade weight), the 1/3-1/2 of just existing water factory treatment process dosage, and steady running reaches 80-96 hour.Calculate the medicine consumption by the water factory that handled 1,000,000 tons of the water yields in present day and calculate, now every day, dosage was 4 tons, and by the commercially available 1600 yuan of calculating of liquid PAC per ton, every day, only medicament expense just can be saved 3200 yuan, then can reach 116.8 ten thousand yuan every year.4) effluent quality aspect: test water Quality Control system standard is 0.3NTU, improve significantly water factory's effluent quality (existing water factory effluent quality standard for＜1NTU), make effluent quality reach water factory of developed country and handle standard.This ensures that to improving China water factory safe drinking water quality people's health has great social significance and remarkable economic efficiency undoubtedly.
Claims (7)
1. the present invention relates to a kind of little flocculation-deep bed direct filtration treatment process that is suitable for inorganic polymer flocculant (polymeric aluminum, polymerization iron, poly-aluminium silicon) efficient flocculating reaction characteristics, this technology is applicable to low temperature, low turbid, low look and algae rich cities and towns tap water, industrial water supply processing and reusing sewage advanced treatment, be specially adapted to water turbidity unit and be not more than 20NTU, chromaticity unit is not more than the reservoir of 20 APHA (platinum-cobalt colorimetry unit), the middle samll cities and towns clean water treatment of lake water.
2. according to the requirement of right 1, this technology is not only applicable to newly-built little flocculation-deep bed direct filtration clean water treatment, also is applicable to the transformation of existing traditional filtering technology, and it can significantly improve effluent quality, increases producing water ratio, reduce the medicine consumption.
3. according to the requirement of right 1, it is characterized in that filtering filter bed and reach the filtrate packing height deeply above one to two times of common filter bed, the filter bed degree of depth is 3～5 meters, and the filtrate packing height is 1.5～3 meters.
4. according to the requirement of right 3, it is characterized in that it is homogeneous hard coal, quartz sand or the haydite of big particle diameter that filter bed is filled filtrate.The particle diameter of filter medium scope is the 2.0-4.0 millimeter, nonuniformity coefficient general requirement 1.2～1.4.
5 requirements according to right 1 to 4, the filtration filtering velocity that it is characterized in that this Technology is 12～32 meters.
6. according to the requirement of right 1 to 5, it is characterized in that little flocculation-deep bed direct filtration process use inorganic polymer flocculant (comprising polymerize aluminum chloride, poly-ferric chloride, bodied ferric sulfate etc.).
7. according to the requirement of right 6, it is characterized in that inorganic polymer flocculant adds dosage by the strict control of volume pump, and mix by tubular type on-line mixing device or mechanical stirring tempering tank with former water and to add, the mixing residence time was controlled at 1-3 minute, directly enter the filtration filter bed after the mixing, need not to build again flocculation tank and settling pond.
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| CN111320295A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-06-23 | 山西国控环球工程有限公司 | Pretreatment equipment and method for advanced treatment and recycling of industrial wastewater |
| CN115571961A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-06 | 吉林梅基特环保科技有限公司 | Novel water filtering method |
| CN115571961B (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-09-22 | 北京魔砂科技有限公司 | Novel water filtering method |
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