CN1254057A - Critical thermal engine - Google Patents
Critical thermal engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1254057A CN1254057A CN 98122362 CN98122362A CN1254057A CN 1254057 A CN1254057 A CN 1254057A CN 98122362 CN98122362 CN 98122362 CN 98122362 A CN98122362 A CN 98122362A CN 1254057 A CN1254057 A CN 1254057A
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Abstract
The critical heat machine is characterized by utilizing the characteristics of actuating medium which can produce large difference of volume when it is being in critical temp. to make the temp. of said actuating medium cross over the critical temp. by means of heating and cooling so as to make said system obtain a large pressure difference by using proper temp. and small temp. difference. Its actuating medium and lubricating substance are closed in the system formed from pneumatic machine, fluid supply pump, heater, cooling device, controller and pipeline. The fluid supply pump is driven by pneumatic machine, the liquid actuating medium discharged from said pump is passed through heater and heated to above critical temp. and gasified to drive pneumatic machine to apply work. The gas after appling work can be passed through the cooling device, cooled to below critical temp. and completely liquefied and fed into fluid-supply pump.
Description
Critical thermal engine belongs to the heat power machine.
The heat power machine is by certain operation material, makes heat energy change the device of mechanical energy into, is called for short hot machine, as: steamer etc.To realize that heat is that the operation material of merit is called working medium.All hot machines, no matter kind how, used working medium why not have with, all be working medium to be heated earlier under certain condition improve the swollen work done of rising of temperature and pressure.The thermal properties of working medium has confidential relation in the size of capacity for work.The working medium of hot machine should be equipped with the ability and the flowability of the good swollen work done of rising of being heated.Gaseous substance satisfies these requirements, and optimum is a working medium.Usually, used working medium has air, combustion gas (products of combustion) and steam (as: water vapor) etc.In the steam heat machine that with water is working medium, working-medium water is heated to seethe with excitement becomes the steam expansion work done.But steam can be worked effectively, must improve the temperature of steam, make it have certain pressure.Typical temperature can reach hundreds of ℃.This just makes heat engine system be in the working environment of High Temperature High Pressure, the water under the normal temperature is heated to hundreds of ℃ on the other hand and also will consumes a large amount of energy.
The purpose of invention provides the hot efficiently machine that a kind of temperature difference is less, pressure is higher.
Invention is achieved in that mainly by pneumatic motor, solution feed pump, heater, cooler, controller, pipeline, in the critical thermal engine system that working medium etc. constitute, solution feed pump is driven by pneumatic motor, the liquid port of solution feed pump links through the suction port of pipeline by heater and pneumatic motor, the relief opening of pneumatic motor links through the liquid entering hole of pipeline by cooler and solution feed pump, working medium and greasing substance filler are arranged on the controller, working medium and greasing substance are closed in this system, the liquid refrigerant that solution feed pump is discharged is after heating up by heater, the critical temperature that its temperature is higher than this working medium is gasified totally later, volume increases, pressure raises, promote the external work done of pneumatic motor, drive solution feed pump simultaneously and realize circulation, after the work done, by the gaseous working medium that pneumatic motor is discharged, after below the critical temperature that its temperature is reduced to this working medium by cooler, after being liquefied under the effect of back pressure, discharge by solution feed pump again.So circulation, constantly externally work done.
So-called critical temperature is exactly at this more than temperature, and no matter much pressure is, and gas no longer liquefies, and is called critical isotherm corresponding to the thermoisopleth of critical temperature, and the flex point on the critical isotherm is called transition point, and the pressure on this aspect is called critical pressure.
The working medium of using in this hot machine should be determined according to the actual working environment of hot machine.Usually the working medium that is adopted be critical temperature at 10 ℃～160 ℃ with interior gas or organic compound, as: carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, formaldehyde, ethane, ethene, propylene, normal butane, isobutane, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide etc. and critical temperature are at gas below 10 ℃ or organic compound, as: argons etc. and critical temperature be at gas more than 160 ℃ or organic compound, as: sulfur trioxide etc.Preferably adopting does not have corrosion or corrodes less gas or organic compound system.As: carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide etc.
Now to use carbon dioxide to specify as working medium.The critical temperature of carbon dioxide is 31.1 ℃, and critical pressure is 7.23MPa, and both pressure was more than the 7.23MPa, and temperature is to be liquid below 31.1 ℃ the time.When being higher than 31.1 ℃ no matter pressure is much, temperature can not liquefy yet.Along with the reduction of temperature, the required pressure that liquefies also constantly descends, and when temperature was reduced to 13 ℃, pressure was just liquefiable more than the 4.9MPa.Found out that by inferior between temperature was by 13 ℃ to 31.1 ℃ 18.1 ℃ the temperature difference, fluid was converted into gas fully by liquid, fluid volume changes hundreds of times, and the pressure difference is more than the 2.33MPa.In view of the above, in the heat engine system that uses carbon dioxide as working medium, at fire end the temperature of liquid carbon dioxide is elevated to more than 31.1 ℃, make it be converted into gas fully, externally work done is reduced to below 13 ℃ the temperature of gaseous carbon dioxide at colling end, and back pressure is liquefied when 4.9MPa is above fully, send into fire end intensification gasification by solution feed pump again, as follows constantly externally work done of circulation.In real work, the temperature of fire end and colling end and mode of heating and the type of cooling are as solar energy heating etc.Reaching residing environment as the case may be determines.
The present invention is owing to utilized the characteristics of working medium lower volume generation greatest differences in critical temperature, make by heating and cooling working medium temperatures span critical temperature, so make heat engine system with a suitable temperature, between a less temperature difference, obtained a bigger pressure difference.Make the corresponding reduction of energy consumption, it is more reliable to work.On the other hand because the optional scope of working medium of using is big.So make critical thermal engine have purposes widely, as: the power on generating, Motor Vehicle, train, naval vessel etc. and be applied to the Aeronautics and Astronautics field.
Below with reference to accompanying drawing invention is described in further detail:
Title among the figure: 1. heater, 2. pipeline, 3. pipeline, 4. controller, 5. solution feed pump, 6. pneumatic motor, 7. controller, 8. pipeline, 9. pipeline, 10. cooler,
Mainly by pneumatic motor 6, solution feed pump 5, heater 1, cooler 10, controller 4, controller 7, pipeline 2, pipeline 3, pipeline 8, pipeline 9 etc., in the critical thermal engine system of the sealing that constitutes, solution feed pump 5 is driven by pneumatic motor 6, and liquid outlet via controller 4 pipelines 3 of solution feed pump 5 are communicated with the suction port of pneumatic motor 6 through pipeline 2 controllers 4 by heater 1 again.Relief opening via controller 7 pipelines 8 of pneumatic motor 6 are communicated with the liquid entering hole of solution feed pump 5 through pipeline 9 controllers 7 by cooler 10 again.Comprise in the controller 4 by pressure or temperature controlled device, be used for the temperature of control heater 1 and the air inflow and the pressure of pneumatic motor 6.Comprise in the controller 7,, be used to control the temperature of cooler 10 and the feed liquor amount and the pressure of solution feed pump 5 by pressure or temperature controlled device.Working medium and greasing substance filler are arranged on controller 4 or the controller 7.
Method of work and principle: at first inject working medium and greasing substance for system.Start heater 1 then and cooler 10 is started working.After liquid refrigerant heated up by heater 1 in system, its temperature was gasified totally after surpassing the critical temperature of this working medium, volumetric expansion, and pressure raises, and promotes pneumatic motor 6 work.Pneumatic motor 6 is externally driving solution feed pump 5 work in the work done, the circulation of realization system, the gaseous working medium of discharging by pneumatic motor 6 after the work done, entering cooler 10 through pipeline 8 is reduced to below the critical temperature of this working medium its temperature, and entering solution feed pump 5 through pipeline 9 and controller 7 again after the liquefaction fully under the back pressure effect of pneumatic motor 6, so constantly externally work done of circulation.
Claims (13)
1. one kind mainly by pneumatic motor, solution feed pump, heater, cooler, controller, pipeline, operation material, the critical thermal engine system of formations such as greasing substance is characterized in that solution feed pump is driven by pneumatic motor, the liquid port of solution feed pump links through the suction port of pipeline and pneumatic motor, this pipeline passes through heater, the relief opening of pneumatic motor links through the liquid entering hole of pipeline and solution feed pump machine, this pipeline passes through cooler, constitute the system circuit of a sealing thus, operation material and greasing substance are closed in this system, also be connected with controller on the system circuit, the operation material that solution feed pump is discharged is being warming up to by heater more than the critical temperature of this operation material, and the operation material that pneumatic motor is discharged is being cooled to below the critical temperature of this operation material by cooler.
By the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 it is characterized in that operation material be critical temperature at 10 ℃～160 ℃ with interior gas or organic compound.
3. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 2 operation material is a carbon dioxide.
4. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 2 operation material is a nitrogen dioxide.
5. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 2 operation material is a nitrous oxide.
6. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 2 operation material is an ammonia.
7. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 2 operation material is a formaldehyde.
8. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 2 operation material is an ethane.
9. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 2 operation material is an ethene.
10. it is characterized in that by claim 1 described critical thermal engine operation material is that critical temperature is at gas below 10 ℃ or organic compound, as argon etc.
11. it is characterized in that by claim 1 described critical thermal engine operation material is that critical temperature is at gas more than 160 ℃ or organic compound, as sulfur trioxide etc.
12. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 greasing substance is a solid graphite.
13. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 heater is by solar energy heating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98122362 CN1254057A (en) | 1998-11-13 | 1998-11-13 | Critical thermal engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98122362 CN1254057A (en) | 1998-11-13 | 1998-11-13 | Critical thermal engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1254057A true CN1254057A (en) | 2000-05-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98122362 Pending CN1254057A (en) | 1998-11-13 | 1998-11-13 | Critical thermal engine |
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| CN (1) | CN1254057A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108999728A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-12-14 | 上海齐耀动力技术有限公司 | Feed system and method based on overcritical compression high-pressure natural gas engine fuel |
-
1998
- 1998-11-13 CN CN 98122362 patent/CN1254057A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108999728A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-12-14 | 上海齐耀动力技术有限公司 | Feed system and method based on overcritical compression high-pressure natural gas engine fuel |
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