CN1252618A - Efficient X-ray machine with transmission anode - Google Patents
Efficient X-ray machine with transmission anode Download PDFInfo
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- CN1252618A CN1252618A CN 98114400 CN98114400A CN1252618A CN 1252618 A CN1252618 A CN 1252618A CN 98114400 CN98114400 CN 98114400 CN 98114400 A CN98114400 A CN 98114400A CN 1252618 A CN1252618 A CN 1252618A
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Abstract
In a high-voltage X-ray machine, the X-ray tube has an integral transmission anode target layer made of tungsten and is combined with heat conducting graphite sheet into one integral structure, its back part is held by the transmission electron-beam column onto thin anode body window, and its front part has transmission window of water-cooling jacket. The water-cooling jacket it set up outside the anode body, and the anode assembly has water inlet and water outlet. The cathode is set on an insulator. A high-voltage generator is connected through a cable to console,which is connected via a cable to circular water cooler. The X-ray machine has the features of high radiation efficiency, great transmission thickness, small volume and light weight.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of voltage levels X line machine.
X line machine in the past adopts the X spool of traditional reflective anode construction always, and its exit direction center approximately becomes an angle of 90 degrees with the electron motion direction.This X line is produced by tens bremsstrahlungs during to hundreds of kiloelectron-volt energy electron bombardment metallic target usually, and in this energy range, it is very low that electron beam is converted to X heat input transfer ratio; Almost 95% above energy all becomes heat energy.So for producing the sufficient intensity X ray, the electric energy power of input can be far above actual X heat input power.Simultaneously; for the thermal power of pipe anode being cooled off spool, must add that also respective electrical power promotes air, water or oil and forces to cool off the X spool, as seen from the above analysis with protection X; improve X spool emission effciency, the energy-conservation and miniaturization that the X line is produced equipment has key effect.
Yet, radiation physics is theoretical all to be shown with experiment, electron beam produces along the efficient of 90 degree direction radiation X lines fixing on thick tungsten target under the fixed voltage, can slightly improve global radiation efficient though improve the atomic number of target, but greatly descend owing to be higher than the fusing point, the heat-resisting power of target that thermal conductivity determined of target of the atomic number of tungsten, can't make it to make practical X spool.U.S. Danos M proposed a patent of invention (H01J35/08WO, 92/0387) in 1992, and this invent still based on the reflection anode structure, but electron beam very low-angle incident of edge, attempted the advance X line of low-angle generation of electron beam is included in useful beam.Theoretically, this direction X line has the bremsstrahlung maximum intensity.The result makes window be scattered problems such as electrons heat because electron beam reduces total radiation intensity in the scattering of target surface, can't make practicality and high efficiency X spool product.
The object of the invention provides a kind of X spool that adopts the transmission anode new principle, form the water recirculator that incorporate X line head also passes through high speed water cooling device and high efficiency and heat radiation air blast cooling with the constant high voltage source of the multistage multiplication of voltage of high frequency conversion, constitute transmission anode small-sized efficient X line machine, thereby improve the emission effciency of X line machine, make the energy-conservation and miniaturization of device.
The present invention is by transmission anode X spool, high-voltage generator, and the tube head shell, control desk, water recirculator is formed.The target layer of the transmission anode of transmission anode X spool adopts tungsten and is structure as a whole with graphite transmission conducting strip, its rear portion is pressed on the anode bodies thin window by the transmission electron beam compression leg, water collar is arranged on outside the anode bodies, its front portion is provided with the water collar transmissive window, the water collar outer setting has radiation shield to overlap its front portion to be processed with X line exit portal, the anode assembly is provided with into, delivery port, negative electrode is arranged on the insulator, insulator links to each other with anode bodies by shell and seals, transmission anode X spool is arranged in the tube head shell body anterior, by the vibration output stage, high frequency transformer, the cockcroft-walton voltage multiplier assembly, the high pressure generator that the filament supply transformer is formed is arranged in the tube head shell body and with X spool negative electrode and is connected, high pressure generator is by cable access control platform, control desk is by single-chip microcomputer, electric current, voltage, the exposure time control circuit, power circuit is formed, control desk links to each other with water-circulating cooling device by cable, and water-circulating cooling device is by water tank, and circulating water pump radiator and electric fan are formed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the radiation efficiency height, and is big with transillumination thickness under the voltage, can utilize the irradiation beam subtended angle big, and volume is little, and is in light weight, saves characteristics such as water for industrial use.
Accompanying drawing 1 is structure cutaway view of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is transmission anode X spool section of structure of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 3 is circulating water cooling device structural representation of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described, the target layer 1 of the transmission anode of core component transmission anode X spool of the present invention adopts tungsten and is structure as a whole with graphite transmission conducting strip 2, and its rear portion is pressed on the anode bodies thin window 4 by transmission electron beam compression leg 3.Water collar 5 is arranged on outside the anode bodies, and its front portion is provided with water collar transmissive window 6.The water collar outer setting has radiation shield cover 7, and its front portion is processed with X line exit portal 8.The anode assembly is provided with entery and delivery port 9,10.X spool head end is the useful beam of outgoing, its size is by protective jacket and the decision of water-cooled cap opening, the maximum angle of emergence can reach ± 50 degree cone angles, negative electrode 11 is arranged on the insulator 12, insulator links to each other with anode bodies by shell 13 and seals, insulator can be and the ceramic body or the ripple ceramic body of metal sealing, for voltage levels, can adopt the serial connection ripple ceramic body of grading ring isolation.Anode bodies links to each other with 14 sealings of tube head shell through ring flange, transmitted electron compression leg central authorities are electron beam channels, its outlet is of a size of the actual focal spot size, population can be bigger, sidewall is the following cone angles of 5 degree, any surface finish, itself has surface scattering auxiliary electron focussing force, when quickening to enter in the anode bodies, can be focused in the channel cross-section scope to guarantee the filament divergent bundle but still need design negative electrode bowl size, end window and anode bodies are a whole vacuum leakproofness that guarantees, its thickness is in the X line filters allowed band.In the anode bodies external process import and export and the passage of cooling water are arranged, other has water-cooled cap to have exit window to be enclosed within outside the anode bodies.Guiding by water-cooled cap, high-velocity flow can pass through in the space between the anode bodies outer is by the exit window of end window and water-cooled cap, guarantees the cooling to the composite target sheet, in the outside of water-cooled cap, be with the protective jacket that lead alloy is made, the protective jacket port determines required outgoing X line conical surface size shape.In the tube head shell body, near the X spool is filament supply transformer 18, with by high frequency transformer 16, the high pressure generator that voltage multiplying rectifier assembly 17 is formed is connected in series mutually, comprise high pressure resistant electric capacity in the assembly, diode and measuring resistance, gradablely seal with high insulation resin, also can adopt general serial connection mode, assembly progression is decided on the complete machine maximum operating voltage, the other end at the multiplication of voltage assembly, the other end that is X line combination tube head is equipped with high pressure output transformer and higher-order of oscillation power output group 15, the low tension joint lines links with control desk 20 by seal socket and low pressure multicore cable 19, and control desk is made up of known technology, includes single chip circuit, voltage control circuit, current control circuit by the control filament voltage, control high pressure turn-on time (exposure time) control circuit, power circuit, and micro-processor controlled voltage, electric current, exposure time is given and being put and display circuit and the storage of radiation parameter program etc.Control desk also links to each other with water-circulating cooling device by cable, the circulating water pump 22 that the water tank 21 of water-circulating cooling device is installed by outlet pipe and side joins and links to each other by water inlet on the anode bodies of valve 23 and flexible pipe and X spool, delivery port on the anode assembly inserts the radiator 24 of water-circulating cooling device by flexible pipe, the structure of radiator is to be fixed with the thin aluminium radiator fin that hundreds of layers are parallel to each other by the expansion copper pipe on the copper pipe cross section of tens of serial connections, the shell of radiator is by supporting that stator is fixed on above the water tank, the directly logical inlet water tank of radiator outlet, the suitable distance of aiming at the radiator center on water tank also is equipped with heat radiation electric fan 25, cross parallel aluminium radiator fin by air communication and blow over, make that current are cooled in the copper pipe.
Operation principle of the present invention is such: according to the radiation physics principle, the bremsstrahlung that high-velocity electrons produced is not isotropism on spatial distribution, it has the trend electron motion trend of direction forward, being abbreviated as MBRD below the maximum bremsstrahlung direction that the bremsstrahlung that produces has, is approximately to be in the conical surface that forms certain angle with the electron motion direction.This angular dimension depends on the tube voltage that electronics is quickened, and when tube voltage increases to 600KV from 100KV, this angle drops to about 10 ° by 40 °.See Table 1.
Table 1
| Tube voltage KV | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 |
| MBRD cone angle ° | 40° | 30° | 25° | 20° | 15° | 10° |
Along near the X line of the direction radiation MBRD with compared than big difference along 90 ° of direction radiation X lines: at first be the radiation efficiency height.This difference is along with voltage increases and increases.If get in the power spectrum to come relatively, when tube voltage increases to 600KV from 150KV, along MBRD and along 90 ° of directions than high energy photon (promptly in metal detection, seeing through the active ingredient photon that corresponding maximum probe thickness with tube voltage can produce image); Bremsstrahlung X line strength sees Table 2 than approximately increasing to 800% from 150%.
Table 2
| Tube voltage KV | ??150 | ??250 | ??300 | ??400 | ??500 | ??600 |
| MBRD/90 ° of active strength compares % | ? ??150 | ? ??200 | ? ??250 | ? ??400 | ? ??550 | ? ??800 |
In addition, it is also different that its a piece of wood serving as a brake to halt a carriage causes the spoke power spectrum because high energy part distribution trend is strong more forward, its total effect is that the average energy along MBRD radiation photon is greater than along 90 ° of direction radiation, that is to say that its penetration capacity has strengthened.Experiment showed, that transmission anode X spool is equivalent to the max transmissive power of the X line behind the common X-ray pipe tube voltage increase 10-15% along near the max transmissive power of the outgoing X line MBRD.
In the orthovoltage x-ray pipe, be near the bremsstrahlung X line that has utilized along launching 90 ° of directions at present, and along near the X line of the direction radiation MBRD conical surface, after being weakened by anode, can not become useful beam and become the leakage rediation that needs shielding.
Key of the present invention is to adopt transparent basic target and transmission anode structure to make along near the direction radiation MBRD to become useful beam, thereby improves X spool radiation efficiency.
So-called transparent basic target is made up of two-layer composite material, and the first floor is the target layer that constitutes than good material with high atomic number high-melting-point thermal conductivity, and its thickness approximates relevant voltage and quickens the range of back electron beam at target.For example tungsten layer is about 20 μ m to 80 μ m for the corresponding thickness of 250KV to 600KV.This layer is roughly suitable with reflective thick tungsten target self-attenuation for weakening of the X line active ingredient that sees through.By general knowledge, singly have this layer thin target can't in time transmit thermal power, continuously can very fast damage under the bombardment at electron beam, thus must be close to be called transparent base the second layer as heat conduction substrate.The second layer is by low atomic number, and molten high conductivity material a little more than target layer is formed.Thickness is 10-20 times of ground floor.Because of its atomic number is low, approximate transparent to effective ingredient X line.By this transparent base, the target layer thermal power can in time be transmitted and the unlikely damage of target layer.The most practical target layer---transparent base is combined as tungsten-graphite or gold-diamond.
On geometric configuration, the present invention is in order to maximally utilise along the radiation of the MBRD conical surface, originally the EP584871B1 patent of getting permission EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE unlike the inventor is taken at the outgoing center position on the MBRD conical surface, hits 0 ° in heart direction and take out, and the whole M BRD conical surface is all included in useful beam cone angle.Filter according near direction 0 ° and to weaken minimum principle, make whole beam conical surface radiation intensity more even.Also make can utilize the beam face angle can reach ± 50 °, much larger than the available beam cone angle of reflection anode.Also having window, flowing water (or oil) layer etc., water and oil among the present invention in transparent base back all is filtering materials such as the low atomic number material oil reservoir that is equivalent to the traditional X-ray spool, window.
Claims (3)
1. efficient X-ray machine with transmission anode, be by transmission anode X spool, high-voltage generator, the tube head shell, control desk, water recirculator is formed, the target layer 1 that it is characterized in that the transmission anode of transmission anode X spool adopts tungsten and is structure as a whole with graphite transmission conducting strip 2, its rear portion is pressed on the anode bodies thin window 4 by transmission electron beam compression leg 3, water collar 5 is arranged on outside the anode bodies, its front portion is provided with water collar transmissive window 6, the water collar outer setting has radiation shield cover 7 its front portions to be processed with X line exit portal 8, the anode assembly is provided with into, delivery port 9,10, negative electrode 11 is arranged on the insulator 12, insulator links to each other with anode bodies by shell 13 and seals, transmission anode X spool is arranged in the tube head shell body 14 anterior, by vibration output stage 15, high frequency transformer 16, voltage multiplying rectifier assembly 17, the high pressure generator that filament supply transformer 18 is formed is arranged in the tube head shell body and with X spool negative electrode and is connected, high pressure generator is by cable 19 access control platforms, control desk 20 is by single-chip microcomputer, electric current, voltage, the exposure time control circuit, power circuit is formed, control desk links to each other with water-circulating cooling device by cable, be provided with circulating water pump 22 in the water tank 21 of water-circulating cooling device, and link to each other with water inlet on the anode assembly by valve 23 and flexible pipe, delivery port on the anode assembly is by the radiator 24 of flexible pipe access water-circulating cooling device, and the rear portion of radiator is provided with heat radiation electric fan 25.
2. according to the described transmission anode efficient X-ray machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that the transmission anode target layer can adopt gold, transmission conducting strip can adopt diamond.
3. according to the described transmission anode efficient X-ray machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that radiator and fan are positioned at water tank upper, water pump is positioned at the water tank side, and radiator is the fin that has been arranged in parallel on its cross section of parallel series copper pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98114400 CN1129164C (en) | 1998-10-22 | 1998-10-22 | Efficient X-ray machine with transmission anode |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98114400 CN1129164C (en) | 1998-10-22 | 1998-10-22 | Efficient X-ray machine with transmission anode |
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| CN1252618A true CN1252618A (en) | 2000-05-10 |
| CN1129164C CN1129164C (en) | 2003-11-26 |
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| CN 98114400 Expired - Fee Related CN1129164C (en) | 1998-10-22 | 1998-10-22 | Efficient X-ray machine with transmission anode |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1302510C (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2007-02-28 | 谭大刚 | Variable quasi-monoenergetic or bienergetic fluorescent X-ray source based on X-ray apparatus with transmission anode |
| CN102789942A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-11-21 | 汇佳生物仪器（上海）有限公司 | Special transmission-type direct water-cooling anode super-large focus X ray tube for radiation |
| CN103094030A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 和鑫生技开发股份有限公司 | Transmission type x-ray tube and reflection type x-ray tube |
| CN103745901A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-04-23 | 汇佳生物仪器（上海）有限公司 | X-ray source module pair linear assembly continuous inlet-outlet sample irradiating machine |
| CN103736160A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 深圳市华科核医疗技术有限公司 | Medical blood irradiation system and blood irradiation processing method |
| CN103765547A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-04-30 | 佳能株式会社 | X-ray generator and X-ray imaging apparatus |
| US9036786B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2015-05-19 | NanoRay Biotech Co., Ltd. | Transmission type X-ray tube and reflection type X-ray tube |
| CN104701119A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-10 | 汇佳生物仪器（上海）有限公司 | Drum irradiation machine for intensively irradiating multiple X-ray source modules |
| US9595415B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2017-03-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | X-ray generator and X-ray imaging apparatus |
| CN111048377A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-21 | 西北核技术研究院 | High-current diode composite anode for improving uniformity of radiation field |
| EP4174901A3 (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-08-02 | Carl Zeiss X-Ray Microscopy, Inc. | Fluid cooled reflective x-ray source |
-
1998
- 1998-10-22 CN CN 98114400 patent/CN1129164C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1302510C (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2007-02-28 | 谭大刚 | Variable quasi-monoenergetic or bienergetic fluorescent X-ray source based on X-ray apparatus with transmission anode |
| US9036786B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2015-05-19 | NanoRay Biotech Co., Ltd. | Transmission type X-ray tube and reflection type X-ray tube |
| US9595415B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2017-03-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | X-ray generator and X-ray imaging apparatus |
| CN103765547A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-04-30 | 佳能株式会社 | X-ray generator and X-ray imaging apparatus |
| US9570264B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2017-02-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | X-ray generator and X-ray imaging apparatus |
| CN103094030A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 和鑫生技开发股份有限公司 | Transmission type x-ray tube and reflection type x-ray tube |
| CN102789942A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-11-21 | 汇佳生物仪器（上海）有限公司 | Special transmission-type direct water-cooling anode super-large focus X ray tube for radiation |
| CN102789942B (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2015-03-04 | 汇佳生物仪器（上海）有限公司 | Special transmission-type direct water-cooling anode super-large focus X ray tube for radiation |
| CN103736160A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 深圳市华科核医疗技术有限公司 | Medical blood irradiation system and blood irradiation processing method |
| CN103745901A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-04-23 | 汇佳生物仪器（上海）有限公司 | X-ray source module pair linear assembly continuous inlet-outlet sample irradiating machine |
| CN103745901B (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2016-08-17 | 汇佳生物仪器（上海）有限公司 | Linear array type is combined sample irradiation machine of being back to back by X-ray source module |
| CN104701119A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-10 | 汇佳生物仪器（上海）有限公司 | Drum irradiation machine for intensively irradiating multiple X-ray source modules |
| CN111048377A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-21 | 西北核技术研究院 | High-current diode composite anode for improving uniformity of radiation field |
| CN111048377B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-11-04 | 西北核技术研究院 | High-current diode composite anode for improving uniformity of radiation field |
| EP4174901A3 (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-08-02 | Carl Zeiss X-Ray Microscopy, Inc. | Fluid cooled reflective x-ray source |
| US11769647B2 (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2023-09-26 | Carl Zeiss X-ray Microscopy, Inc. | Fluid cooled reflective x-ray source |
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|---|---|
| CN1129164C (en) | 2003-11-26 |
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