CN1250235A - Method and apparatus for antenna array calibration - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for antenna array calibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN1250235A CN1250235A CN99119723A CN99119723A CN1250235A CN 1250235 A CN1250235 A CN 1250235A CN 99119723 A CN99119723 A CN 99119723A CN 99119723 A CN99119723 A CN 99119723A CN 1250235 A CN1250235 A CN 1250235A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/15—Performance testing
- H04B17/19—Self-testing arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/0007—Code type
- H04J13/004—Orthogonal
- H04J13/0044—OVSF [orthogonal variable spreading factor]
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Transmission In General (AREA)
Abstract
An antenna array, particularly for a CDMA mobile telecommunications system is calibrated live by injecting a calibration signal which is coded orthogonally to communication traffic signals. This permits regular and reliable calibration to be performed.
Description
The present invention relates to the calibration of antenna array and relevant electronic technology, especially the use in mobile communication system, particularly code division multiple access (CDMA) system.
Known array element therein is that independent adjustable antenna array is more superior than single antenna.For example, in mobile communication, mobile device of the sensing that signal can be specific has improved gain.The commercial system that use has the antenna array of a plurality of antenna elements is known technology, and wherein a plurality of antenna elements are to connect with different Receiver And Transmitters.
The known problem of such antenna array is, is used at fabrication tolerance, different cable length with in the difference of transmitter and receiver technology in active element, so cause the difference aspect phase shift or gain between discrete component.That is, if same signal is fed to all transmitters, may be different on amplitude and/or phase place from the signal that respective antenna gives off.Similarly, when same signal is received by all antennas in the array, different in possibility aspect amplitude and/or the phase place by the signal of receiver device output.
For overcoming this problem, be known that the storage calibration vector, for example comprise the multiplication coefficient of a series of complexity, limit the characteristic of antenna array and associated electronic device.These characteristics to need usually to determine ripe calibrator (-ter) unit, and basic calibration is usually just when mounted or carry out once during manufacturing array, or the calibration vector of classification is assigned to the equipment of a particular type usually.
In the calibration for the phased array that substitutes normal signal by a calibrating signal several proposals are arranged, an example is disclosed in WO-95/34103; These be not suitable for need not interrupt communication and calibrate with in the communication system.
Also have several schemes that realize antenna array calibration based on the remote calibration device in addition.US-A-5546090 has described a kind of transponder that uses in the calibration of antenna array, it receives from the signal of antenna array transmission and with them and turns back to identical array, causing calibrated electronic equipment can directly be coupled to this array, and transponder itself can be simple relatively portable device.Problem in calibration steps is, even relatively simple device, the use of the telecontrol antenna of separation is complicated calibration process and hindered conventional calibration.
EP-A-713261 discloses the structure of the antenna array calibration that is used for satellite, and wherein one " little " (low-power/limiting bandwidth) detectable signal is sent out and makes other signal is caused unacceptable interference.The use of low-power detectable signal may make measures the trouble that becomes (needing accurate remote calibration platform) and may need the long cumulative time.
GB-A-2313523 has described a kind of system that is used for calibration error correction and correction circuit, especially in gsm system (gsm), it is by a low power wide band signal is injected in the error correcting circuit, and this error correcting circuit is to isolate by a direct coupling device and main emittor/receiver electronic equipment chain circuit.Should see that this document is relevant with built-in calibration circuit, and not have to handle up link and the receiver of down link or the basic correction problem of transmitter electronic equipment with state.
According to the present invention, be at cdma system with under high frequency situations by it, some device need be provided, be actually used in " charged " calibration of the transmitter and/or the receiver circuit of information emission and reception, because this can more frequent and more reliable calibration.
Therefore the objective of the invention is to be suitable for antenna array " charged " Calibration Method and device, i.e. calibration can be carried out when array uses.Another purpose provides a kind of method and apparatus, and this device does not need a remote calibration device or a transponder that separates.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a kind of method is provided, it calibrates the part with the chain circuit unit of the transmitter of antenna array element coupling or receiver at least, and transmit a plurality of communication traffic signal with antenna array element, this signal of communication is according to given mutually orthogonal basically encoding scheme coding, and the method comprising the steps of:
Inject calibrating signal to this chain circuit, this calibrating signal is according to the described given encoding scheme coding that will be orthogonal to described communication traffic signal substantially;
Take out the signal that injects; And
According to the described part of signal calibration of taking out.
In this method, between alignment epoch, the operate as normal of antenna array is unaffected basically, and the transmission of communication traffic signal or reception can continually basically be carried out continuously.Another advantage of the present invention is that the conventional or quasi-continuous calibration of " charged " transmitter and receiver electronic equipment can not have obstruction to be used for carrying out under the situation of use of antenna array of communication service.Another significant advantage is that calibrating signal can be by being calibrated processing of circuit with communication service mode much at one, and stands much at one phase place and amplitude distortion, so calibration should be more accurate; This is that the present invention is worth sure, in calibrating signal is the (low-power for example of different natural qualities with signal of communication, narrow-band, different frequency) in the prior art structure, calibrating signal will stand different phase places or amplitude distortion, especially because the distortion that non-linear element causes in receiver or transmitter circuitry causes the inaccuracy calibration.
This means that for mutually orthogonal basically signal these signals do not produce interference each other basically.
First aspect at device of the present invention, device provided by the invention is used for calibrating at least the part of the chain circuit of the transmitter of communication equipment or receiver components, this part is provided for the unit coupling with antenna array, so that transmit a plurality of communication traffic signal with this antenna array element, this communication traffic signal is that device comprises according to mutually orthogonal substantially being encoded of given encoding scheme:
Be used for calibrating signal is injected into the device of this link, this calibrating signal is encoded with described communication traffic signal substantially orthogonally according to described encoding scheme;
Be used to take out the device of the calibrating signal of injection; And
Be used to described part to determine the device of at least one calibration parameter according to the signal that takes out.
In the second aspect of equipment of the present invention, the invention provides the communicator that is used for antenna array coupling setting with a plurality of unit, this communicator comprises:
The chain circuit of a plurality of transmitter components and receiver components, each chain circuit is to be provided for being coupled with each unit of antenna array, and be set to a plurality of communication traffic signal are sent to antenna array or send out from antenna array, these communication traffic signal are encoded according to an encoding scheme substantially mutually orthogonally;
Be used for calibrating signal is injected into the device of this chain circuit, this calibrating signal is to be encoded substantially orthogonally according to described encoding scheme and described communication traffic signal;
Be used to take out the device of the calibrating signal of injection; And
Be used to described part to determine at least one calibration parameter according to the signal that takes out.
Signal is preferably local to be injected or taking-up." this locality " that relates to injected and taken out and mean the structure that does not wherein comprise employing one remote control or transponder; Calibrating installation is preferably integrated with the device that will be corrected.
Antenna array better is (physics or the logic) channel communication that is arranged for by a plurality of definition, and calibrating signal preferably is injected into the one or more signals that do not used by communication service.
Antenna array preferably is arranged to be used in the cdma communication system, and calibrating signal is preferably with one or more extended code codings that are different from the coding of distributing to communication service.
In the situation of cdma system, for the calibration of transmitter one side, this calibrating signal preferably uses single orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) short code coding to inject at least, and this coding is different from the used OVSF coding of communication service.This can be avoided calibrating needs to use a plurality of OVSF codings and avoids interference with customer service.The available OVSF that only limits to a number or amount in down link one side encodes.Be used for up link and use the scrambled method,, but preferably only use single OVSF and scrambled for the calibration of receiver one side so constraint is not strict with the difference mobile device.
Because used the identical encoding scheme used, can be and required identical of the demodulation of signal of communication to have simplified design and test so calibrate required hardware with communication service.
The present invention can be applied in the one or both sides of Receiver And Transmitter in the two of antenna array.
In the calibration of transmitter one side electronic equipment, this short coding is also by data sequence modulation different between the unit of antenna array, and the combination of the selected OVSF that causes each transmitter chain circuit and data sequence is mutually orthogonal in a complete integration period.In this mode, can use a single converter to merge and down conversion from the signal of transmitter one side chain circuit, and not need OVSF short code separately.
In transmitter one side, be preferably in a plurality of transmitter chain circuit each of being fed to discernible signal basic synchronization independently, each transmitter chain which couple is to different array elements.This can make and will be combined and the signal that is removed be used a receiver.This has just been avoided using the needs of a plurality of converters, and allows the same step calibration of unit.
In the calibration of transmitter lateral circuit, calibrating signal was preferably before digital-analog conversion to be injected in the numeric field mode.In addition, in the calibration of transmitter lateral circuit, calibrating signal is preferably by the sampling of radio frequency link device, signal and corresponding antenna element coupling that this radio frequency link device is presented transmission line.
In the calibration of receiver side circuit, calibrating signal is to inject by the radio frequency link device, and this coupling coupling is from the transmission line received signal of corresponding antenna element.In addition, in the calibration of receiver side circuit, after the analog-to-digital conversion of the signal that receives, calibrating signal is preferably in numeric field and takes out.
Injection or taking-up in numeric field recited above can be simplified processing procedure.
The injection of radiofrequency signal recited above or taking-up can be avoided the needs to the antenna that separates, and the installation of this antenna may be heavy, and perhaps it may disturb the signal antenna array emission or that receive.Each antenna element that these couplings are preferably the close of setting as move in antenna one side of any long cable is with any variable factor between minimize antenna unit and the coupling.In other words, an antenna that separates can be set so that radiofrequency signal is coupled to antenna element.
The measurement of the injection of calibrating signal and conventional acquisition calibration preferably (for example each hour at least, be preferably per minute at least, be more preferably per at least 10 seconds, good again is at least each second or) continuous substantially carrying out.If calibration is carrying out for about 10 times each second, or more better so that few 50 hertz, preferably carrying out at least about 100 hertz, the phase deviation of the signal of the local oscillator that produces in each receiver or transmitter can be tracked.
Common communication traffic signal will send with frame, normally less than cycle (being typically 10 milliseconds or 20 milliseconds) of 1 second.Calibrating signal preferably basically with the frame of each predetermined quantity inject (in normal running, under some unexpected situation, for example in test or during keeping or under heavy especially communication service situation, this may be ended) for example, be preferably at least about per 100 frames, being more preferably per at least 10 frames, is well every frame again, or every a frame.Frame can be combined into super frame (for example 720 millisecond periods), and calibration can carrying out with approximate each super frame easily.
This regular calibration can make in calibration, for example, because the little deviation that the variations in temperature of equipment causes followed the tracks of reliably, and can carry out error detection apace.An advantage of the invention is that the prior art method that is shown improperly with some frequency calibration therein is opposite, the signal of communication quality that can almost not have to notice descends and the very little bandwidth cost relevant with calibration.A non-direct advantage is that system can be used as a global design, to strengthen the calibration tolerance limits, can make scope bigger or the user is more intensive.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that adopts the simplification of mobile communication base station of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of part of version of implementing the system of Fig. 1 of the present invention.
Rough schematic view with reference to Fig. 1 comprises with the mobile communication base station: by transmission line 21 and 20 couplings of transmitter antenna battle array and signal processing circuit 10 that pass through transmission line 23 and 22 couplings of receiver antenna battle array.Antenna array 20 and 22 can be physically different, as shown in the figure, under normal conditions, but is not necessary, and they are arranged on mutual approaching position physically.In other words, use a suitable duplicate circuitry, the antenna array of a single physics can be used to transmit and receive the two.Antenna array is to be used in to have a plurality of mobile communication phone 30a, in 30b or other mobile communications device radio communications.Base station treatment circuit 10 is by optical fiber, and electric connector or microwave link and a core telecommunications network 11 are coupled.
Base station treatment circuit 10 comprises baseband digital signal processor 12, is used to handle the signal that will be sent to a mobile device from communication network, and is used to be treated to the signal that is received to the communication network transmission.Digital signal processing circuit generally includes beam and forms the network and the generation of will encoding.The output of digital signal processor is by digital-to-analog converter 14 and up converter 16 arrays, be used for (for example hanging down the chip rate of megahertz from baseband signal, as, 4.096 megahertz) (for example to the power level that is suitable for transmitting and frequency, lower wattage on the magnitude of 1-2 Gigahertz or tens of watts, these parameters depend on the bandwidth of distribution).The signal that receives from antenna array amplifies low noise amplifier, by downconverter 18 down conversions and demodulation, is fed to analog-to-digital converter 19 then, is used for handling by bandwidth digital signal processor 12.
Terminology used here " up converter " is used to indicate the simulating transmitting machine chain circuit, and this chain circuit generally includes a modulator, for example a QPSK (quadriphase PSK) modulator and a power amplifier.Similarly, term " downconverter " is used to represent the analog receiver chain circuit, and this chain circuit generally includes a low noise amplifier and a demodulator.
Antenna array can be any structure, for example, have any required quantity the unit straight line or annular, the number of unit and can be in one dimension or two-dimensional directional expansion between 2 and 10 usually.
Fig. 1 is described as reference, and this device can be basically or fully general and can be based on desired any equipment, and for example, disclosed content is combined as reference in WO 95/34103 or GB-A-2313523.
Invented the W-CDMA system that preferably is used in ETSIUMTS terrestrial wireless electric channel (UTRA) standard or Japan, this system is the standard of formulating by ARIB, or therefrom extend out.The compatibility standard that this area is familiar with is inclusive in wherein as reference.
With reference to Fig. 2, below most preferred embodiment according to the present invention is described in the form of the change of using in the calibration of base station and/or additional parts.As previously described, the form of these variations can independently be used for the calibration of transmitter lateral circuit or the calibration of receiver side circuit, perhaps is preferably to be used for the two.
At first consider the circuit of receiver one side, as described above, downconverter 18 receives the signal from receiver antenna battle array 22 by transmission line 23, and the output of downconverter 18 is fed to the circuit of the communication service that is used to handle reception in the mode of routine.In most preferred embodiment, a calibrating signal (its transmitting end will be described below) is to be injected into each transmission line 23 in the mode of radio frequency by coupling 100, and coupling it is desirable to physical location near antenna array 22.According to this most preferred embodiment, except being passed to the signal of communication treatment facility, the output of downconverter is fed to a calibrating signal processor 106 that is used to calibrate downconverter, will further describe below.
Relate to the circuit of transmitter one side below, as described above, the baseband communication signal that is used to send that up converter 16 receives from digital signal processor 12, and produce output, be used for being coupled to antenna array 20 by transmission line 21.Except signal of communication, calibrating signal (it is made a start and describes more in the back) (preferably handling by the numeric field mode) is injected in the signal flow that is provided to each up converter 16.In each transmission line, the output of each up converter is to be sampled by coupling 112 with radio frequency, and coupling it is desirable to being positioned near antenna array 20 of physics.
The whole operation of calibrating installation is to carry out under the control of controller calibration 105, and the generation of controller 105 control calibrating signals is analyzed and other functions, as will being further described.
The generation of calibrating signal will be described now.In most preferred embodiment, provide by calibrating signal generator 107 for the calibrating signal of receiver side, calibrating signal generator 107 provides a single signal by circuit 108 to a distributor 110.This distributor provides branch other signal for each coupling 100, coupling 100 and transmission line 23 couplings, and transmission line is used for the signal from receiver antenna battle array 22 is coupled to downconverter 18.The exterior antenna device that antenna element by the adjacent antenna battle array is installed this calibrating signal that also can be coupled.
This calibrating signal comprises that utilization do not distribute to " puppet " data at the up link extended code coding of mobile device 30a, the 30b of usefulness, but it preferably has and the signal same format (yet extended formatting also can adopt) that can have a mobile device to send.This signal can be made the form of voice or data-signal.Usually, the two the distortion of expection voice-and-data signal is similarly, thus only need to use one type calibrating signal, and can provide according to the form of transform data bag.Here, in most preferred embodiment, same calibrating signal generator is used to launch the calibration of the circuit of pusher side, and the calibrating signal of receiver side is the signal of same format preferably, with simplified design.
Calibrating signal is preferably injected so that minimum interference with alap level.The level that needs is after the integration required for precise phase and amplitude measurement, by the time of integration and signal/noise than determining.Usually, this power level will be similar to the level that receives (totally) signal from antenna array, for example be equivalent to the sole user's signal when expiring the cell load.
Forward the calibrating signal of emission pusher side now to, same calibrating signal generator 107 provides calibrating signal separately by circuit 109 for each transmitter chain: these signals and the summation of communication traffic signal numeral also are fed to up converter 16.Calibrating signal is preferably injecting with the low level of enough signal to noise ratio compatibility as much as possible, so that to the minimum interference of communication traffic signal.Calibrating signal is as being provided by single OVSF short code coded data, and is different data sequences for each up converter 16, thus when integration above 10 milliseconds of Frames during the cycle these signals mutually orthogonal.These data sequences can be to select from quadrature gold coding in the known manner.Quadrature gold coding is not whole quadratures, preferably adopts walsh codes.
We find can realize quadrature based on the method in the description of the 5.3.2.2.1 of UTRA RTT joint easily by expansion OCSF code tree.Therefore, if c0 is the ovsf code of 256 length, can be following generation for the calibrating signal of 2 unit:
s0＝[c0?c0]
s1＝[c0-c0]
Here each is that length 512 chips quilt will be in the repetition of measuring period among s0 and the s1.For 4 unit, will use following coding:
s0＝[c0?c0?c0?c0]
s1＝[c0?c0-c0-c0]
s2＝[c0-c0?c0-c0]
s3＝[c0-c0-c0?c0]
They each is that 1024 chips are long, and will repeat in measuring period.
Preferably replace the short sequence that repeats, perhaps change the sequence of each frame use, so that to the interference randomization that causes of Traffic Channel with long burst.
The analysis of calibrating signal will be discussed below.In the calibration of receiver one lateral circuit, the output of the downconverter corresponding with calibrating signal is baseband level, and is to similar corresponding to the output of a signal that receives from mobile device.If this equipment is by desirable calibration, all signals will be that phase place is identical with amplitude.Each signal and the signal correction that is launched are to determine and phase place and amplitude with respect to this signal that is launched that these results are associated to obtain the difference between each receiver then.Similar techniques is also adopted in the digital signal processor in the base station 12, has located self-moving device 30a so that suitable weighted value to be provided, the making a start of the pilot signal of 30b; The result of this analysis preferably is used to select signal from the mobile device that provides in one of a certain location, and to produce a user waveform weight vectors, so that down link signal is guided to mobile device.
This calibrating signal can be considered to from (if perhaps be injected on the signal known quantity of receiver link not simultaneously, then being that send in other precalculated position at some) of sending with the virtual mobile device of all antenna elements equidistant.Therefore the apparent position that is the illusory mobile device of Equipment Alignment signal source gives out one to measure calibration error.
Can follow analysis for the calibration factor of receiver side circuitry stores and be conditioned (, or passing through directly to calculate new argument), up to obtaining equal phase and amplitude from each downconverter for example by changed in stages.
In the calibration of up converter, obviously the output of up converter is sampled by coupling 112 on radio frequency.Simultaneously in principle, the analysis of these signals can directly be carried out, and using with analyzing these data in the same way as of receiver side signal analysis in the numeric field mode then is more easily.Certainly, this needs downconverted signal, and this must be to carry out under the situation of the error of not introducing the position.In most preferred embodiment, for calibrating the down conversion of special-purpose downconverter 101, these signals are directly synthetic in synthesizer 111 on the frequency, and special-purpose downconverter 101 is presented except the signal from the signal of other downconverters receptions to calibrating signal processor 106.
The downconverter that preferably is used to the special use of calibrating is although if it also can make by already present receiver and using the signal of emission during by suitable decay and frequency conversion.
The use of synthesizer 111 allows to provide an independent signal calibration downconverter, and this has just reduced parts and the needs of being avoided the downconverter that separates that will need of keeping or check calibration.Another advantage of synthetic these signals is to carry out the synchronous calibration of all up converters.Yet as a kind of version of said structure, special-purpose calibration downconverter can provide for each up converter, and perhaps the output of each up converter can be fed to the input of calibration downconverter in proper order.
As described above, because calibrating signal is mutually orthogonal, so synthetic signal can be analyzed to discern different transmitter chain signals in the numeric field mode.These different signals are associated with phase place and amplitude difference in the identification analog form then, to analyze the signal from the different receivers link.
After each transmitter chain is taken out signal, the calibration factor of transmitter lateral circuit is adjusted, and equates (if or inject signal the different of phase place and amplitude are arranged, phase place and amplitude are corresponding to the signal that is injected into) with amplitude up to all signal phases.
According to above-described structure, calibration is an obvious and effective, and communication service is produced minimum interruption (only about carrying out the overhead of each calibrating signal, it compares normally very little with the communication service total amount).Therefore can carry out conventional calibration, being used for the little skew that the displacement in the analog circuit local oscillator causes can accurately be followed the tracks of.By sending the frame that is loaded with calibrating signal continuously, more can carry out effectively continuous calibration.Yet, because the adjustment of effective error calibration circuit will be spent the limited time usually, and (error school calibration here is the carrying out of numeral, so in fact can immediately realize calibration), usually needed is only to calibrate or only send calibrating signal for a part of frame and stay some part (for example time slot) that the adjustment that wherein makes calibration is worked at the frame of each conversion.
Although it is best that the present invention is applied in the cdma system, wherein used encrypted code coding calibrating signal to make it possible to effectively calibrate, the present invention also can expand to FDM (frequency division multiplex) or TDM (time division multiplexing) system.
When describing mobile fresh flower system base-station, the present invention also can be applied to the system that other have antenna, and can be used for having the mobile device of two or more antennas.
Unless outside illustrated, above disclosed each feature can provide respectively.
Claims (25)
1. calibration steps, it is characterized in that, it calibrates the parts with the chain circuit of the transmitter of the unit of antenna array coupling or receiver at least, and transmit a plurality of communication traffic signal or transmit a plurality of communication traffic signal from antenna array element to antenna array element, this signal of communication is according to mutually orthogonal basically encoding scheme coding, and the method comprising the steps of:
Inject calibrating signal to this chain circuit, this calibrating signal is according to the described encoding scheme coding that will be orthogonal to described communication traffic signal substantially;
Take out the signal that injects; And
According to the described part of signal calibration of taking out.
2. want 1 the method for parts that is used to calibrate cdma communication system according to right, it is characterized in that calibrating signal is to send with one or more extended codes different with the code of distributing to communication service.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that calibrating signal is to use single orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) short code to inject.
4. according to the method for any one claim of front, be used for the calibration transmitter lateral circuit, it is characterized in that the calibrating signal discerned separately is provided to each in a plurality of transmitter chain.
5. according to the method for the claim 4 that is subordinated to claim 3, it is characterized in that described single short code further by the modulation of a data sequence different between antenna array element, is mutually orthogonal to cause the short code that is provided to each transmitter chain and the combination of data sequence.
6. according to claim 4 or 5 described methods, it is characterized in that the output of a plurality of transmitter chain is synthetic on frequency, and calibrating signal is from being taken out from synthetic output by a single receiver.
7. according to foregoing any one claim method, be used for the calibration transmitter lateral circuit, it is characterized in that calibrating signal injects in the numeric field mode.
8. according to foregoing any one claim method, be used for the calibration transmitter lateral circuit, the output of wherein said circuit is coupled to antenna element by the mode of transmission line, and the output that it is characterized in that each transmission link is to rely on the radio frequency link device of transmission line coupling to sample.
9. according to any one method of claim 1 to 3, be used for the calibrating receiver circuit, it is characterized in that described calibrating signal is to rely on the radio frequency link device that receives from the transmission line coupling of a respective antenna unit to inject.
10. according to the method for any one claim in claim 1 to 3 or 9, be used for calibration and receive basic lateral circuit, it is characterized in that described calibrating signal takes out in the numeric field mode.
11. according to claim 1 to 3, the method for any one claim in 9 or 10 is characterized in that the described calibration signal that connects is to use and the encrypted code of the distributing to remote control encrypted code coding of quadrature basically.
12., it is characterized in that being used to calibrate a mobile communication base station according to the method for foregoing any one claim.
13., it is characterized in that calibrating signal is local the injection and taking-up according to the method for foregoing any one claim.
14. according to the method for foregoing any one claim, it is characterized in that described calibrating signal is injected into, and the measurement of calibration is uniformly-spaced or substantially continuously to realize.
15. according to the method for claim 14, it is characterized in that described communication traffic signal sends in the frame mode, preferably less than one-second period, and calibrating signal is to inject with the frame of each predetermined number basically, preferably each frame.
16. device, be used for calibrating at least the part of the link of the transmitter of communication equipment or receiver components, this part is provided for the unit coupling with antenna array, so that transmit a plurality of communication traffic signal to this antenna array element or from this antenna array element, this communication traffic signal is to be encoded according to a mutually orthogonal substantially encoding scheme, and wherein said device comprises:
Be used for calibrating signal is injected into the device of this link, this calibrating signal is being encoded according to described encoding scheme and the basic quadrature of described communication traffic signal;
Be used to take out the device of the calibrating signal of injection; And
Be used to described part to determine at least one calibration parameter according to the signal that takes out.
17. a communicator, it is set to and the antenna array coupling with a plurality of unit, and this communicator comprises:
A plurality of links of transmitter components and receiver components, each link is to be provided for being coupled with the different unit of antenna array, and be set to each communication traffic signal is sent to antenna array element or sends out from antenna array element, these communication traffic signal are to be encoded according to a mutually orthogonal substantially encoding scheme;
Be used for calibrating signal is injected into the device of this link, this calibrating signal is being encoded according to described encoding scheme and the basic quadrature of described communication traffic signal;
Be used to take out the device of the calibrating signal of injection; And
Be used to described part to determine the device of at least one calibration parameter according to the signal that takes out.
18. want 16 or 17 device according to right, it is characterized in that being set to the different calibrating signals discerned is injected into each of a plurality of transmitter chain circuit.
19. according to the device of claim 18, it is characterized in that calibrating signal is to use single OVSF short code coding and comprises a data sequence, this data sequence is mutually orthogonal with the data sequence that is provided to each transmitter chain circuit.
20., it is characterized in that comprising the output that is used for a plurality of transmitter chain circuit synthetic device on frequency, an and single receiver that from synthetic output, takes out calibrating signal according to any one described device in the claim 16 to 19.
21. according to any one described device in the claim 16 to 20, it is characterized in that comprising digital signal processing device, be used to handle received maybe with the base-band digital communication traffic signal that is sent out, described digital signal processing device is suitable for described calibrating signal being injected into the signal that will be sent out or taking out described calibrating signal from the signal that is received.
22. according to any one described device in the claim 16 to 21, it is characterized in that comprising a transmission line, be used for a unit of a receiver or transmitter chain circuit and antenna array is coupled, this transmission line comprises a radio frequency link device, is used for comprising with radio frequency injection or sampling a signal of described calibrating signal.
23., it is characterized in that it is configured to inject equally spaced or substantially continuously described calibrating signal according to any one described device in the claim 16 to 22.
24. a mobile communication base station, it comprises any one the device in the claim 16 to 23.
25. a method is used to calibrate communication equipment or in fact with reference to the method for the described communication equipment of Fig. 2.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9821779.7 | 1998-10-06 | ||
| GB9821779A GB2342505B (en) | 1998-10-06 | 1998-10-06 | Antenna array calibration |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1250235A true CN1250235A (en) | 2000-04-12 |
| CN1149712C CN1149712C (en) | 2004-05-12 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB991197232A Expired - Fee Related CN1149712C (en) | 1998-10-06 | 1999-09-29 | Method and apparatus for antenna array calibration |
Country Status (6)
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| JP (1) | JP3546773B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100353106B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1149712C (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9906073A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19948039C2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2342505B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101548479A (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2009-09-30 | 诺基亚公司 | Calibration in a spread spectrum communications system |
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| DE19951525C2 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2002-01-24 | Siemens Ag | Method for calibrating an electronically phased array antenna in radio communication systems |
| JP2001196984A (en) * | 2000-01-17 | 2001-07-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Intermittent type calibration device |
| EP1178562A1 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2002-02-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Antenna array calibration |
| JP3360731B2 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-12-24 | 日本電気株式会社 | Array antenna calibration method and array antenna receiving device |
| JP2002261668A (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-13 | Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc | Communication apparatus |
| GB0115238D0 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2001-08-15 | Nokia Corp | Base transceiver station |
| JP3651430B2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2005-05-25 | 日本電気株式会社 | Array antenna calibration apparatus and calibration method |
| EP1300909B1 (en) | 2001-10-08 | 2006-02-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for phase balancing of the feed lines of an antenna system with transmission of a pilot tone |
| JP2003218621A (en) * | 2002-01-21 | 2003-07-31 | Nec Corp | Apparatus and method for calibrating array antenna |
| KR100913883B1 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2009-08-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for calibrating and compensating output signal distortion of smart antenna |
| DE10301125B3 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-06-24 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Transmission and reception path calibration method for antenna system, has calibration signals provided by amplification of base signal within defined limits of reference signal |
| KR100608736B1 (en) | 2003-04-29 | 2006-08-04 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Apparatus for generating reference signal in a smart antenna system |
| KR101052341B1 (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2011-07-27 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Base station signal monitoring device of smart antenna system with multiple antennas |
| US20080007453A1 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2008-01-10 | Bill Vassilakis | Smart antenna array over fiber |
| EP2040333A1 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-25 | Astrium GmbH | Method and device for calibrating an array antenna |
| EP2372836B1 (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2017-05-03 | Alcatel Lucent | Antenna array calibration |
| WO2014091229A1 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-19 | Bae Systems Plc | Antenna system calibration |
| GB2508903B (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2017-09-27 | Bae Systems Plc | Rotating antenna array and rotary joint calibration system |
| CN105634627B (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2021-04-02 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna array coupling calibration network device and calibration method |
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1998
- 1998-10-06 GB GB9821779A patent/GB2342505B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
- 1999-09-29 CN CNB991197232A patent/CN1149712C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1999-10-05 BR BR9906073-6A patent/BR9906073A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-06 DE DE19948039A patent/DE19948039C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-06 JP JP28613399A patent/JP3546773B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101548479A (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2009-09-30 | 诺基亚公司 | Calibration in a spread spectrum communications system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2000151255A (en) | 2000-05-30 |
| JP3546773B2 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
| BR9906073A (en) | 2000-09-19 |
| GB2342505A (en) | 2000-04-12 |
| GB9821779D0 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
| DE19948039C2 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
| KR100353106B1 (en) | 2002-09-16 |
| GB2342505B (en) | 2003-06-04 |
| KR20000028836A (en) | 2000-05-25 |
| DE19948039A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
| CN1149712C (en) | 2004-05-12 |
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