CN1248928C - Cold-storage type refrigeration device used for transport vehicle - Google Patents
Cold-storage type refrigeration device used for transport vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN1248928C CN1248928C CN 03151127 CN03151127A CN1248928C CN 1248928 C CN1248928 C CN 1248928C CN 03151127 CN03151127 CN 03151127 CN 03151127 A CN03151127 A CN 03151127A CN 1248928 C CN1248928 C CN 1248928C
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- ice
- cold storage
- cold
- storing ball
- refrigerator
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a cold accumulation type refrigeration device for transportation vehicles, which is a refrigeration carriage or a refrigeration box body for refrigerating cargoes for transportation vehicles of railways, highroads and waterways. The present invention comprises a box body (2) with heat-insulating property, a refrigerator (1) which is arranged on the upper part in the box body, a refrigerating chamber (3) which is arranged on the lower part in the box body, a circulating baffle plate (4) which is arranged between the refrigerator (1) and the refrigerating chamber (3), aeration strips (5) which are arranged on the inside wall of the box body, a lower drain pipe (6) and a condensate water drain pipe (7). The present invention is characterized in that an ice storing ball (8) is used as a cold source and is arranged in the refrigerator (1), phase change materials which are used as cold sources are sealed in the ice storing ball by the device, and corrosion and pollution sources are fundamentally cut off. The present invention has the advantages of convenient manufacture (modification) and processing, little investment and low operation cost (the ice storing ball carries cold accumulation by fully using the time with low valley electricity price). The temperature in the box can be controlled from 7 DEG C to-20 DEG C or is lower than-20 DEG C, and the ice storing ball has the advantages of good versatility, repeated use and long service life.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of cold storage plant, particularly a kind of reefer cargo that is used for railway, highway, water transportation transportation means is with refrigerator car or refrigerated cabinet.
[background technology]
Since the reform and opening-up, along with improving constantly of living standards of the people, the output of the fresh and alive perishable freight of China increases rapidly.Long-distance transport is born by railway or boats and ships, relate to from the railway goods station between the owner of cargo and harbour to the short-distance transport between the owner of cargo then fully by road transportation bear.
At present, refrigerated railway car only is more than 6000, and wherein 32% is mechanical type van cooler (air-conditioning), and 68% is formula van cooler on the rocks (on the rocks, perhaps dry ice), and the binomial addition is merely able to bear 25% freight volume, and all the other are common canopy, open-top car transportation.About 15000 of highway van cooler cash transport van, wherein van cooler accounts for 10～15%.Generally speaking, railway transportation is finished the perishable freight freight volume can only satisfy 50% demand, and refrigerated transport can only satisfy below 12.5%.Road transport can only satisfy 60%, and water transport can only be satisfied about 20%.Because the ability of refrigerated transport can not satisfy the needs of Perishable Freight Transport, perishable freight is not because fortune is gone out and rot, and annual loss is up to tens00000000 yuan.
Therefore, China's refrigerated transport also is in the quite weak stage, is the field that need greatly develop, and the refrigerated transport instrument can be divided into transportation means three classes of heat preserving type transportation means, cold storage transportation means and band fefrigerator by structure at present.
The heat preserving type transportation means only is applicable to short-distance transport or distributes transportation, but the both economical the temperature inside the box of cost of transportation than higher, limitation is bigger;
The transportation means of band fefrigerator can be used for 10 ℃ of temperature～frozen food of-20 ℃, the transportation of fresh and alive perishable freight, but one-time investment is quite big, and the traffic cost height has restricted the development of the transportation means of band fefrigerator.
Cold storage transportation means (protecting car hereinafter to be referred as ice) has ice, dry ice or the blue gas cooling of employing, wherein dry ice, blue gas (CO2 or liquid nitrogen) price height, output is little, that uses is also fewer: adopt the price comparison of ice cooling low, it is made up of transport trolley (or ship) and casing with heat-proof quality, the casing internal upper part is a refrigerator, to deposit ice cube, the bottom of casing is a reefer, depositing handling load, circulating baffle plate between refrigerator and the reefer and the air duct slats that is positioned at the box inside wall are convenient to the circulation and the adjusting of cold air.Following drain hose and condensate draining pipe are convenient to the discharge that condensed water and ice cube dissolve water.The ice of said structure is protected car, and the temperature inside the box generally also can be controlled at about 7 ℃～-20 ℃.But there is following shortcoming in it: 1) owing to use cryosel to make the phase-change material of low-temperature receiver, vehicle interior temperature is regulated main by control cryosel ratio, can't do any effective adjusting to vehicle interior temperature in whole length of run.2), vehicle seriously corroded.The existing transportation means that adopts the ice cooling, casing mainly is to make with common straightcarbon steel, corrosion resisting property is poor, especially under the brine ice effect, corrosion is very serious, during overhaul to change the rate of repairing very high, this cost of repair that not only makes existing ice protect car is higher, and its in-use performance is also influenced.Its running part equally also is subjected to the erosion of brine ice, and serious corrosion phenomena is arranged, and shortens its service life, and may influence safety.3), ice is protected car and is used for railway transportation and can damages railway facility along the line.Existing ice is protected car in the operation way, needs regularly to install ice additional in its refrigerator, and the brine ice that dissolves can constantly overflow discharging.The brine ice that shaking during along with vehicle operating, ice are protected the car discharging can be splashed on the railway facility along the line, makes railway facility along the line be subjected to extra erosion.It is the most serious wherein especially to be injured with railroad bridge and orbital facilities, and the maintenance cost that this has not only increased them has shortened their service life, and has increased the harm to railway operation safety.4), infringement railway environment along the line, discharge brine ice for a long time, can cause farm environment along the line to pollute.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention will overcome the shortcoming that exists in the above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of and can give full play to the existing installation effect, investment for trnasforming urban land is little, the day-to-day operation expense is low, Controllable Temperature is built in 7 ℃ ~-20 ℃ or the lower cold storage cold storage plant that is used for transportation means in the insulation can, and to transportation means itself and do not produce corrosion along the line and pollution.A kind of cold storage cold storage plant that is used for transportation means of the present invention, it includes casing with heat-proof quality, the circulating baffle plate between reefer, refrigerator and the reefer of the refrigerator of casing internal upper part, bottom and is positioned at the air duct slats of box inside wall, drain hose and condensate draining pipe down, is characterized in: the Ice-storing ball as low-temperature receiver is housed in the described refrigerator.
Reefer is provided with blower fan and air channel, the top of reefer is a circulating baffle plate, blower fan and air channel are set above it, the air channel is distributed to whole box body, start blower fan, blower fan is forced to put cold, puts the cooling rate rate and is air static state and put coldly more than two times, is fit to, cold short for control temperature requirement height, time and requires big occasion.
Casing is provided with out the ice hockey mouth, is convenient to Ice-storing ball and takes out fast from refrigerator.
Ice-storing ball of the present invention is the Ice-storing ball of plastic package, but repeated use is equipped with phase-change material in the Ice-storing ball, Ru Shui, water doping, (additive has silver iodide, ferric hydroxide or the like) eutectic salts etc., and phase transition temperature is from+0 ℃～-33 ℃.Because phase-change material is sealed in the plastics Ice-storing ball, thereby has fundamentally cut off corrosion and source of pollution.
The inside and outside temperature that is equipped with of casing of the present invention shows and annunciator.Show that by temperature understanding Ice-storing ball puts cold degree and refrigeration indoor temperature, prevents that by temperature alarming the cold deficiency from also taking place in the situation that continues transportation, avoids unnecessary economic loss.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: 1) the present invention is sealed in existing brine ice as low-temperature receiver (phase-change material) in the Ice-storing ball, thereby has fundamentally cut off corrosion and source of pollution; 2) manufacturing of the present invention (repacking) is easy to process, investment is little, over-the-road expense low (can make full use of low time of low ebb electricity price Ice-storing ball is carried out cold-storage); 3) the interior Controllable Temperature of insulation can is built in 7 ℃～-20 ℃ or lower; 4) but the good repeated use of the commonality of Ice-storing ball, life-span are long;
To and contrast accompanying drawing by embodiment below, the present invention will be further described below.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the constructional drawing of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flux map among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that plastic package Ice-storing ball static cold-peace blower fan of putting under air conditions forces to put the cold cooling rate rate curve figure of putting
Label declaration among the figure: 1-refrigerator; 1a-refrigerator lid; 1b-spherical cap on the rocks; 1c-goes out the ice hockey mouth; The 2-casing; The 2a-limp; The 2b-car door; The 3-reefer; 3a-bottom sieve frame plate; The 4-circulating baffle plate; The 5-air duct slats; The 6-drain hose; The 6a-drain-pipe cover; 6b-draining bowl; The 7-condensate draining pipe; The 8-Ice-storing ball; The 9-blower fan.
[specific embodiment]
Embodiment 1, present embodiment the structure of cold storage cold storage plant can from Fig. 1, see, it includes casing 2 with heat-proof quality, the circulating baffle plate 4 between reefer 3, refrigerator 1 and the reefer 3 of the refrigerator 1 of casing internal upper part, bottom and air duct slats 5, drain hose 6 and the condensate draining pipe 7 that is positioned at the box inside wall, there is drain-pipe cover 6a the upper end of drain hose 6, there is draining bowl 6b its underpart, condensate draining pipe 7 communicates with drain hose 6, open draining bowl 6b, condensed water can be discharged from drain hose 6, and the Ice-storing ball 8 as low-temperature receiver is arranged in the refrigerator 1.The box sizes of present embodiment meets railway transportation compartment specification, and the bottom of casing is bottom sieve frame plate 3a, and a side of casing has car door 2b, communicate with reefer, open car door and can load and unload the loan thing, the top of refrigerator 1 is refrigerator lid 1a, opens the refrigerator lid, the Ice-storing ball 8 of can packing into, better in order to seal, spherical cap 1b on the rocks is arranged below the refrigerator lid 1a, the side of refrigerator lid has the limp 2a of being convenient to staff's walking, on the envelope of car door 2b top the ice hockey of going out mouth 1c is arranged, be convenient to the taking-up of Ice-storing ball 8.
When calculating, van cooler consumption cold need consider following various consumption cold:
1. see through the consumption cold of building enclosure
2. because the consumption cold that air inerchange causes
3. the consumption cold that causes of water vapor permeation
4. the body skin consumption cold that conducts heat and to cause
5. the consumption cold that the thermal radiation of solar radiation, automotive engine causes
6. the consumption cold of building enclosure and inner facility self
7. the consumption cold that opens the door and cause
8. food consumes cold
9. operation consumption cold
In the real process of refrigerated transport,, therefore in actual design, often adopt formula of reduction because the various variable relations that influence between factor and each factor make the calculating of consumption cold very complicated:
Q
0＝C*K*S*Δt W(kcal/h)
In the formula:
Q
0--consumption cold W (kcal/h)
K--coefficient of heat transmission W/m
2K (kcal/m
2℃)
S--car body average surface area m
2
Δ t--heal differential K (℃)
The C--constant
Constant C is represented operational circumstances and traffic condition, promptly super way far away, way far away or short distance (distribution) transportation.Determine the C value by following condition:
1.C=1.75 super way far away transportation and way far away transportation
2.C=3～4 are used to distribute the conveying arrangement of quick-frozen food
3.C=5～7 are used to distribute the conveying arrangement of chilled food
The heat-insulation layer of van cooler can be divided into standard form and enhancement mode, and the heat-insulation layer Coefficient K value of standard form is 0.4～0.7W/m
2K or 0.35～0.6kcal/m
2℃, enhancement mode heat-insulation layer Coefficient K value≤0.4W/m
2K or 0.35W/m
2℃.
The present invention adopt the plastic package Ice-storing ball in the refrigerated transport instrument as low-temperature receiver, be by phase-change material phase change cold-storage in the ball, the latent heat of phase change value is about 80Kcal/Kg.Phase transition temperature is from+0 ℃～-33 ℃.
Plastic package Ice-storing ball shell adopts HDPE High Density Molecular material, and chemical nature is neutral to refrigerant fluid and secondary refrigerant, meets the relevant food hygienic standard; Shell thickness 1.2mm～1.8mm; Spherical blowing; Ultrasonic wave sealing chock plug does not have and reveals; Ice-storing ball senile experiment 〉=25 year; Sphere diameter can be selected 50mm～120mm as requested; Pressure resistance 25kg/cm
2, can bear that 500mm is following freely to land, safe and reliable.
Wherein the technical parameter of sphere diameter 77mm sees the following form
The technical parameter of plastic package Ice-storing ball: S00
| Project | Unit | Numerical value |
| Outer dia | mm | 77.2 |
| Ice-storing ball weight | G | 232.8 |
| Cold-storage liquid weight | G | 200 |
| The Ice-storing ball volume | cm 3 | 240.9 |
| The Ice-storing ball inner volume | cm 3 | 207.5 |
| Latent heat of phase change | W/ | ≈19 |
| Heat exchange area | m 2/ | 0.0186 |
| The unit volume cold storage capacity | Kwh/m 3 | 48.4 |
| The average ice hockey number of unit volume | Individual/m 3 | 2550 |
| The shell mean thickness | mm | 1.9 |
| Phase transition temperature | ℃ | 0 |
| Maximum compressive strength | Kg/cm 2 | 25 |
Ice-storing ball technical parameter 1m under the different phase transition temperatures
3
| The ice hockey model | Phase transition temperature ℃ | Latent heat kwh/m 3 | Kwh/ ℃ of .m of solid sensible heat 3 | Kwh/ ℃ of .m of liquid sensible heat 3 | Ice hockey weight kg | LD50 toxicity matter mg/kg | Operating range ℃ |
| S33 | -33 | 44.6 | 0.7 | 1.08 | 724 | 2600 | -40 ℃ to+60 ℃ |
| S29 | -28.9 | 39.3 | 0.8 | 1.15 | 681 | 1200 | |
| S26 | -26.2 | 47.6 | 0.85 | 1.2 | 704 | 1200 | |
| S21 | -21.3 | 39.4 | 0.7 | 1.09 | 653 | 1300 | |
| S18 | -18.3 | 47.5 | 0.9 | 1.24 | 706 | 2700 | |
| S15 | -15.4 | 46.4 | 0.7 | 1.12 | 602 | 8400 | |
| S12 | -11.7 | 47.7 | 0.75 | 1.09 | 620 | 5000 | |
| S10 | -10.4 | 49.9 | 0.7 | 1.07 | 617 | 11000 | |
| S06 | -5.5 | 44.6 | 0.75 | 1.1 | 625 | 18000 | |
| S03 | -2.6 | 48.3 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 592 | 58000 | |
| S00 | 0 | 48.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 558 | 85000 |
The present invention can select the plastic package Ice-storing ball of different model as required for use, and refrigerant temperature can be from 7 ℃ to-20 ℃.
Utilize the latent heat cold-storage, the cold storage capacity of unit volume is big, and the volume that energy storage system takies cash transport van is very little; (being the 5%-10% that refrigerator only accounts for the compartment volume); The heat exchange area of unit cold is bigger, is convenient to put cold insulation, both can still air puts coldly, also can force put cold by blower fan; Can adopt phase transition temperature to guarantee the requirement of refrigerated transport temperature than low 5 ℃～10 ℃ plastic package Ice-storing ball of ambient temperature in the case, setting up the plastic package Ice-storing ball near freezer supplies with net (present domestic railway line has last 23 re icing points midway, distance is respectively: 358 kilometers---1333 kilometers) and, to realize long-distance insulation transportation.
The present invention invests minimum, only is about 6%～10% of van cooler fefrigerator investment; Plastic package Ice-storing ball repeated use, over-the-road expense is very low, can make full use of China and carry out time-of-use tariffs policy greater than 1: 3, balance electrical network, the reduction over-the-road expense (about 18kwh～22kwh of the consumption of current of every cube of Ice-storing ball, press 0.18 yuan/kwh of low ebb electricity price～0.3 yuan/kwh and calculate, the electricity charge of the Ice-storing ball of every cube of Ice-storing ball only are 3.96 yuan～6.6 yuan); Can also effectively reduce simultaneously the expense in each link of transportation.
Because the low-temperature receiver of cold storage van cooler must satisfy once deposit transportation, therefore the required cold of condition of different transportations also is different.As haulage time, transportation mode---be long-distance transport, or distribute transportation, be that frozen food distributes or chilled food distributes transportation, be north transportation or south transportation, these need to determine in practice.When below providing ambient temperature and being 38 degrees centigrade, the plastic package Ice-storing ball application reference value of the different refrigerant temperatures of van cooler transportation in ten hours, vehicle is an example with ice bear cash transport van series.The long-distance transport mode sees Table 1, distributes transportation mode to see Table 2.
It is the most important condition that guarantees that the plastic package Ice-storing ball normally carries out in transportation that the interior solution freeze all of plastic package Ice-storing ball becomes enough colds of putting are arranged in solid-state and the transportation, the specified freezing temperature of general employing, enough freeze-off times guarantee the freeze all of solution.For security consideration, the van cooler design temperature shows and annunciator, shows that by temperature understanding Ice-storing ball puts cold degree, prevents that by temperature alarming the cold deficiency from also taking place in the situation that continues transportation, avoids unnecessary economic loss.
Adopt plastic package Ice-storing ball static state to put cold van cooler, temperature controlling range should improve about 3 ℃ than the parameter of table 1, table 2 in the railway carriage, and haulage time can correspondingly prolong, as S00 type Ice-storing ball, freezing temperature 0 degree, static state are put when cold, and vehicle interior temperature also can be kept certain hour for 10 ℃.
24 hours ice hockey numerical table 1 of long-distance transport under the van cooler different temperatures of employing plastic package Ice-storing ball
| The van cooler parameter | Automobile refrigerated vehicle carriage internal volume m 3 | Train ice is protected car | ||||||
| 2.59 | 7.6 | 8.44 | 13.1 | 20.94 | 28.53 | 33.23 | 85 | |
| Compartment face area m 2 | ||||||||
| Ice hockey | Freezing temperature | The temperature inside the box | 13.6 | 27.1 | 29.8 | 40.9 | 56.3 | 68.9 | 80.4 | 221 |
| |
0 | 7 | 482 | 784 | 861 | 1183 | 1629 | 1994 | 2325 | 5422 |
| S06 | -6 | 0 | 556 | 960 | 1056 | 1449 | 1996 | 2443 | 2851 | 5707 |
| S12 | -12 | -5 | 633 | 1087 | 1195 | 1641 | 2258 | 2764 | 3225 | 6183 |
| S18 | -18 | -10 | 710 | 1214 | 1334 | 1759 | 2522 | 3081 | 3609 | 6659 |
| S26 | -26 | -18 | 338 | 590 | 649 | 891 | 1226 | 1500 | 1751 | 7420 |
| S33 | -33 | -25 | 376 | 664 | 730 | 1002 | 1379 | 1688 | 1970 | 8086 |
Train ice is protected the Coefficient K≤0.205W/M of car
2K
Adopt an ice hockey numerical table 2 that distributes quick-frozen food to transport 10 hours under the van cooler different temperatures of Ice-storing ball
| The van cooler parameter | Compartment internal volume m 3 | |||||||||
| 2.59 | 7.6 | 8.44 | 13.1 | 20.94 | 28.53 | 33.23 | 35.86 | |||
| Compartment face area m 2 | ||||||||||
| Ice hockey | Freezing temperature | The temperature inside the box | 13.6 | 27.1 | 29.8 | 40.9 | 56.3 | 68.9 | 80.4 | 83.3 |
| | 0 | 7 | 345 | 560 | 616 | 845 | 1164 | 1424 | 1662 | 1722 |
| S06 | -6 | 0 | 399 | 687 | 755 | 1036 | 1426 | 1745 | 2037 | 2110 |
| S12 | -12 | -5 | 453 | 777 | 854 | 1172 | 1614 | 1975 | 2305 | 2388 |
| S18 | -18 | -10 | 508 | 867 | 954 | 1309 | 1802 | 2205 | 2573 | 2666 |
| S26 | -26 | -18 | 580 | 1012 | 1113 | 1527 | 2102 | 2572 | 3002 | 3110 |
| S33 | -33 | -25 | 644 | 1138 | 1252 | 1718 | 2365 | 2894 | 3377 | 3499 |
Coefficient K≤the 0.4W/M of automobile cash transport van
2K or K≤0.35kcal/M
2H ℃
Cold storage cold storage plant of the present invention also is applicable to the water route transportation, is box shape is different with size, select Ice-storing ball for use specification, quantity difference, repeats no more herein.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of cold storage cold storage plant that is used for transportation means, it includes the circulating baffle plate (4) between reefer (3), refrigerator (1) and the reefer (3) of the casing (2) with heat-proof quality, the refrigerator (1) that is positioned at the casing internal upper part, bottom and is positioned at the air duct slats (5) of box inside wall, drain hose (6) and condensate draining pipe (7) down, it is characterized in that: the Ice-storing ball (8) as low-temperature receiver is housed in the described refrigerator (1).
2, the cold storage cold storage plant that is used for transportation means according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: reefer is provided with blower fan (9) and air channel.
3, the cold storage cold storage plant that is used for transportation means according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the ice hockey of going out mouth (1c) is arranged on the casing (2).
4, the cold storage cold storage plant that is used for transportation means according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: casing (2) is provided with temperature and shows and autoalarm.
5, the cold storage cold storage plant that is used for transportation means according to claim 3 is characterized in that: casing (2) is provided with temperature and shows and autoalarm.
6, the cold storage cold storage plant that is used for transportation means according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said Ice-storing ball (8) is repeatedly used plastic package Ice-storing ball.
7, the cold storage cold storage plant that is used for transportation means according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: said Ice-storing ball is equipped with phase-change material in (8), and phase transition temperature is from+0 ℃～-33 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03151127 CN1248928C (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2003-09-17 | Cold-storage type refrigeration device used for transport vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03151127 CN1248928C (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2003-09-17 | Cold-storage type refrigeration device used for transport vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1537789A CN1537789A (en) | 2004-10-20 |
| CN1248928C true CN1248928C (en) | 2006-04-05 |
Family
ID=34324087
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03151127 Expired - Fee Related CN1248928C (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2003-09-17 | Cold-storage type refrigeration device used for transport vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1248928C (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102219100B (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-07-03 | 好来化工(中山)有限公司 | Method and device for preventing breeding of microorganism in tank body |
| CN105644297A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-08 | 南京久鼎制冷空调设备有限公司 | Cold-chargeable type vehicle-mounted refrigerating box |
| CN106705529B (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2022-05-17 | 深圳市星邑股份有限公司 | Power-saving red wine refrigerating cabinet device and control method thereof |
| CN109515294A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-26 | 合肥森隆专用汽车有限公司 | A kind of refrigerator car |
| CN118071235A (en) * | 2024-04-24 | 2024-05-24 | 北京映急医药冷链科技有限公司 | Intelligent medical cold chain logistics route management system and measuring and calculating method |
-
2003
- 2003-09-17 CN CN 03151127 patent/CN1248928C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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|---|---|
| CN1537789A (en) | 2004-10-20 |
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Granted publication date: 20060405 Termination date: 20110917 |