CN1248441C - Apparatus for estimating channels in CDMA system - Google Patents
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- CN1248441C CN1248441C CN 01132305 CN01132305A CN1248441C CN 1248441 C CN1248441 C CN 1248441C CN 01132305 CN01132305 CN 01132305 CN 01132305 A CN01132305 A CN 01132305A CN 1248441 C CN1248441 C CN 1248441C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a channel estimating device in a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, which comprises a channel estimating unit, a channel compensating unit, a multipath merging unit, a memory group, a write-memory control unit, a read-memory control unit and a channel estimating control signal generator, wherein a write clock, a write address and write capability are generated by the write-memory control unit so that data is written into the memory group; the memory group comprises a plurality of memories for storing data sent out by an assistant memory control unit; the memories in the memory group are controlled by the read-memory control unit so that the data is sent to the channel estimating unit and the channel compensating unit; parameters from the system are received by the channel estimating control signal generator, and the parameters are distributed to other units for usage. By using the device, hardware resources can be effectively utilized, the development cost can be reduced, and the hardware resources are not increased although the multipath number or the number of physical channels are increased. Thereby, the device is convenient for the full utilization of resources in hardware development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to code division multiple access in the communication field (CDMA) system, relate in particular to channel estimating and multipath merging device in code division multiple access (CDMA) system.
Background technology
At present, code division multiple access system (CDMA) is just replacing existing gsm system rapidly in countries in the world and is becoming the main flow of mobile communication, in code division multiple access system, the multipath transmission problem is a very outstanding phenomenon, the multipath transmission is meant broadband signal different propagation path of process from the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal of modulation, and the multipath transmission has two characteristics: the one, and multipath transmisstion causes received signal expansion in time; The 2nd, have different declines at different multipaths.What is more important, the phase place that each multipath arrives receiving terminal is at random, thereby the multipath signal of out of phase is superimposed at receiving terminal, rising and falling fast can appear in the intensity of signal, forms so-called multipath fading phenomenon.In addition, in wireless channel, also there are path attenuation, shadow fading.These fade-outs can reduce receiver performance greatly.For tackling the negative effect that these declines cause, a general thinking is merged after adopting the rake reception technique that this multipath signal is separated again, thereby reduces decline, improves the performance of whole system.The RAKE receiver that adopts just can be finished this function at present, mainly comprise three parts: Multipath searching and tracking, demodulation (despreading descrambling), channel estimating and multipath merge, it is exactly in fact a kind of time diversity reception technique that reduces the rapid fading influence, its way is to utilize multipath signal separable in time, that have separate channel fading characteristic, on the basis of finishing channel estimating and channel compensation, carry out multipath signal and merge, to offset the multipath channel decline receiving Effect on Performance.
Multipath searching and tracking cell are searched for, regularly and follow the tracks of the baseband multi-path signal that receives, obtain the phase place of multipath, phase place according to multipath, the descrambling and de-spreading unit carries out relevant descrambling and de-spreading with local scrambler, spreading code and baseband multi-path signal, restore the sign digit signal, usually claim that the data before the descrambling and de-spreading are chip (Chip) level data, claim that the data behind the descrambling and de-spreading are symbol (Symbol) level data.Channel estimating and channel compensation are input with the sign level data of descrambling and de-spreading unit output, give channel estimating and multipath merge cells the data parallel of every the physical channel in every footpath, usually channel estimating and compensation are that pilot channel (up reception) or the continuous pilot channel (descending reception) that utilizes the time-division to insert finished, specific algorithm is more, no matter but adopt the sort of algorithm, its task mainly all is to be made of three parts: 1) channel estimating, and utilize pilot tone to estimate the wireless channel transmission characteristic; 2) channel compensation utilizes and estimates that the characteristics of radio channels that obtains carries out corresponding compensation to each physical channel, and general method all needs to multiply each other as complex conjugate; 3) the multipath time is gone up the alignment merging, and this part work is mainly eliminated the delay inequality between multipath and passed through to merge the acquisition gain.In addition, when being, the wireless channel transmission characteristic becomes, the speed and the communication environment of its pace of change are closely related, on engineering, generally realize with approximate method, suppose that promptly the characteristic of channel is constant in a minimum time period, only need in this time period, finish estimation, the channel is during this period of time made corresponding compensation according to channel estimation results to the characteristic of channel, such as upgrading an estimated value by a time slot, a slot time is 10ms/15 in W_CDMA.
Since every footpath the channel characteristics of process all be different, therefore every footpath need be done channel estimating respectively; The difference of delay inequality between the multipath need be eliminated these delay inequalities when multipath merges, and therefore also needs every footpath data are carried out merging processing behind the buffer memory; In communication process, may there be many physical channels simultaneously, all to compensate every channel.Based on above reason, in the present method for parallel processing, concurrently channel estimating and channel compensation are made in every footpath, each the footpath alignment of compensation back merges, owing to adopt parallel processing, need expend great amount of hardware resources, mainly show: every channel in every footpath all needs compensation, therefore, when needs are handled the reception of many physical channels in some footpaths (requiring 8 footpaths usually as base station side), adopt parallel processing method, the number of channel estimating and compensating unit will sharply increase, and be example with 8 footpath 3 channels, need 24 channel estimating and compensating unit, wherein comprise at least 24 complex multipliers, 48 adders, resource cost is huge; For descending reception, soft handover is inevitably, at this moment needs two sectors are received simultaneously, and resource doubles.Therefore, present method for parallel processing when less, is fairly simple method intuitively for multipath and physical channel number, but when multipath or physical channel number increased, resource cost was huge, and cost sharply increases.
Technical scheme
The objective of the invention is increases the huge shortcoming of resource cost in order to have overcome multipath of the prior art or physical channel number, by reducing multipath or physical channel number, to reduce resource consumption and greatly to reduce system cost, solve the channel estimating time division multiplexing problem when handling some the channels in some footpaths.
Main thought of the present invention is: the data of Symbol level input behind the descrambling and de-spreading are carried out the secondary buffer memory at a channel estimation value in the update cycle, the buffer memory purpose is the multipath multichannel serialization that arrives parallel for the first time, channel estimating is carried out in timesharing then, several physical channel descrambling and de-spreading data that are about to every footpath deposit in the memory respectively, the data of every channel in every footpath are read in timesharing then, and data are made channel estimating, channel compensation, caching process; The buffer memory purpose is that the alignment of compensation back merges for the second time, promptly after all are directly handled, simultaneously data in buffer is read to do to merge again and handles.Like this, realize time-sharing multiplex and multipath alignment by twice buffer memory.Be conserve memory simultaneously, twice process of caching used same block storage operation.According to this thought, utilize one or several channel estimating, channel compensation, caching process circuit just can realize the multi channel channel estimating of multipath.
The channel estimating apparatus that the present invention proposes comprises channel estimating unit 13, channel compensate bank 14, multipath merge cells 16, also comprises memory set 11, memory write control unit 10, memory read control unit 12, channel estimating control signal generator 15.
Memory write control unit 10 produces to write clock, write address and write and enables, to after the parallel data serialization of descrambling and de-spreading unit output and the data after the compensation form a string data, be written in the described memory set (11).
Memory in 12 pairs of described memory set 11 of memory read control unit is controlled, produce for the Different Diameter different channels sequence time-division read to enable and read the address, and the data of reading are put into same output register in the described memory set 11, conspire to create a string data flow and give described channel estimating unit 13 and described channel compensate bank 14; After all channels all run through and will compensate the back data deposit back memory, read the data of all memory centerings in the described memory set 11 once more at synchronization, give multipath merge cells 16; Perhaps in beginning when the last item directly compensates, read data after the compensation in each footpath, front alignedly, with the parallel multipath merge cells 16 of giving of the last item compensation back data.
The data flow of channel compensate bank 14 after with the descrambling and de-spreading that comes from described memory read control unit 12 is input, and the interchannel that utilizes described channel estimating control signal generator 15 to produce interrupts the parameter that reset signal receives next channel; Utilize the channel estimation value of described channel estimating unit 13 to compensate processing.Data flow after the compensation is given and is write storage control unit and make buffer memory.
Channel estimating control signal generator 15 utilizes the system synchronization signal to produce the required various interruption reset signals of channel estimating, and other coordinate the required control signal of each unit timing relationship; Reception is from the parameter of system, and parameter distributed to other unit use.
Described being written in the described memory set (11) further comprises: every footpath after the cycle of pre-treatment descrambling despread data and next cycle compensation storage in a right memory of memory, the address field that different physical channels is corresponding different, storage is in another memory, between the two for alternately concerning after the compensation in the descrambling and de-spreading data of next cycle and the 3rd cycle.
The capacity of each memory was determined by the channel estimation value update cycle in the described memory set 11, and principle is to hold the data of all channels in the interior multipath of this cycle.
Each also can be by memory of a channel to constructing to memory in the described memory set 11.
Each read-write rule to two memories in the memory is a table tennis rule in the described memory set 11, when a memory to being applied to read-write operation to certain cycle data, another then carries out the operation of next cycle data write.
Data flow in the described memory read control unit 12 is in proper order: footpath 1 channel 1, footpath 1 channel 2 ... footpath 2 channels 1, footpath 2 channels 2 ... footpath n channel 1, footpath n channel 2 ....; Channel 1 is set at the channel that contains the required frequency pilot sign of channel estimating in the data flow, reads from memory earlier than other channel.
The rule that described multipath merge cells 16 merges by high specific merges back output multipath and merges the back data.
Adopt device of the present invention, compare, effectively utilized hardware resource more, greatly reduce development cost with traditional parallel processing.And,, multipath number or number of physical channels purpose do not roll up hardware resource because of increasing, be convenient to making full use of of resource in the hardware development.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system construction drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is flow chart of data processing figure of the present invention;
Concrete implementation result
Enforcement in the WCDMA system is described in further detail to technical scheme below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Device of the present invention is based on spread spectrum principles, expand to the chip-level data at each symbol of transmitting terminal (Symbol) by the difference of spreading factor (SF-Spreading Factor), therefore the data volume after the receiving terminal descrambling and de-spreading is reduced to descrambling and de-spreading 1/SF before, that is to say in SF chip (Chip) the time period, export a symbol data, if adopt 8 times chip clock to deal with clock, in such time period, 8 * SF processing clock will be arranged.The present invention is the processing cycle with the channel estimation value update cycle, the data of in each processing cycle last one-period buffer memory being got off are handled, a symbol handling certain certain bar channel of bar footpath only takies one 8 times chip clock sampling clock cycle, remaining 8 * SF-1 clock cycle can be used for handling the sign level data of other other channels of multipath before next symbol arrives, therefore be 8 * SF to the hardware resource reusability, with minimum spread spectrum therefore SF=4 be example, its reusability is 32, usually there are bigger control channel of spreading factor such as SF=256, its data volume is less, has the clock cycle surplus to be used for multipath and merges.If the raising processing clock, reusability is higher.
Entire system structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, this device with descrambling and de-spreading after all the footpath all physical channel symbols level data be input, merge into output with multipath, send decoding unit.This device comprises: memory write control unit 10, memory set 11, memory read control unit 12, channel estimating unit 13, channel compensate bank 14, channel estimating control signal generator 15, multipath merge cells 16.
One of purpose of described memory write control unit 10 is buffer memory descrambling and de-spreading data, in a channel estimation value the update cycle, finishing the data that channel estimating need contain the channel of frequency pilot sign all arrives just and can finish, and each physical channel is parallel the arrival in same footpath, therefore need be to processing cycle of descrambling and de-spreading metadata cache; Two of this unit purpose is the data after the buffer memory compensation, because adopted serial process, Different Diameter is finished compensation in different time sections, needs to do alignment after every footpath compensation and merges, and therefore, need make buffer memory to the data after the compensation; This unit is controlled memory write exactly, and its function is to produce to write clock, write address accordingly and write to enable, and the data of descrambling and de-spreading unit output and the data after the compensation are integrated, and is written in the memory set after the integration.Specifically: every footpath data after the pre-treatment periodic solution is disturbed despread data and next cycle compensation are deposited in the right memory of memory, the address field that different physical channels is corresponding different, data are deposited in another memory after the compensation in the descrambling and de-spreading data of next cycle and the 3rd cycle, hocket;
Described memory set 11 is to constitute like this: handle the greatest physical channel number as required, be a pair of memory of each bar multipath structure, the I of each memory stores complex signal, Q two paths of data, capacity is determined that by the channel estimation value update cycle principle is to hold the data of all channels in the interior multipath of this cycle.Every multipath all has a pair of such memory, two memories are read and write according to the table tennis rule, so-called table tennis rule is worked as a memory in other words to being applied to the read-write operation to certain cycle data, and another then carries out the operation of next cycle data write.The above-mentioned memory of all multipaths is right, just constitutes required memory set 11; Need to prove that above-mentioned memory set is that a memory of correspondence in every footpath is right, in advance the address is divided into several sections, the address field that different channels is corresponding different also can be by memory of a channel to constructing;
12 pairs of memory reads of described memory read control unit are controlled, it is the essential elements that realizes the multipath signal serial process, this unit realize one of function be for the different channel of Different Diameter produce a sequence time-division read to enable and read the address, and sense data is put into same output register, conspire to create a string data flow and give channel estimating and channel compensate bank, this data flow is in proper order: footpath 1 channel 1, footpath 1 channel 2 ...-footpath 2 channels 1, footpath 2 channels 2 ... .-footpath n channel 1, footpath n channel 2 ....; Channel 1 is set at the channel that contains the required frequency pilot sign of channel estimating in the data flow, from memory, read out earlier than other channel, its objective is finish obtain estimated value after the channel estimating after, read other channel again and finish compensation, this data flow is given channel estimating and channel compensate bank, and the control of interrupting zero clearing interrupt signal 23 between reset signal 24, footpath by interchannel just can utilize a cover channel estimating and channel compensate bank to realize all multipaths are handled; Realize that two of function is after all channels all run through and will compensates the back data and deposit back memory, read the data of all memory centerings once more at synchronization, what read this moment is that data are given multipath merge cells 16 after compensating; Perhaps in beginning when the last item directly compensates, read data after the compensation in each footpath, front alignedly, with the parallel multipath merge cells 16 of giving of the last item compensation back data;
The data flow of described channel estimating unit 13 after with the descrambling and de-spreading that comes from memory read control unit 12 is as input, the control signal that is come from channel guess value control signal generator 15 is simultaneously controlled, each between a footpath during zero clearing interrupt signal 23, utilize the frequency pilot sign of the every footpath of data flow front end to finish channel estimation process one time, channel estimation value remains to zero clearing interrupt signal 23 arrivings between next footpath, carries out the estimation in every footpath in turn; Interrupt carrying out in turn the estimation in every footpath between the multipath that utilizes channel estimating control signal generator to produce, the delivery channel estimated value is given channel estimating compensating unit 14;
14 pairs of described channel estimating compensating units are input with the data flow behind the descrambling and de-spreading that comes from memory read control unit 12, and the interchannel that utilizes channel estimating control signal generator to produce interrupts the parameter that reset signal 24 receives next channel; Utilize the channel estimation value of channel estimating unit 13 to compensate processing.Data flow after the compensation is given and is write storage control unit and make buffer memory.
Described channel estimating control signal generator 15, utilize the system synchronization signal to produce the required various interruption reset signals of channel estimating, interrupt reset signal 24 such as interrupt signal between the footpath 23, interchannel, and other coordinate the required control signal of each unit timing relationship; Reception is from the parameter such as the spreading factor of system, and parameter distributed to other unit use;
Described channel guess value multipath merge cells 16 is input with the multipath compensation back data of reading the control unit parallel read-out, aligns on each footpath data time, merges back output multipath by certain rule and merges the back data; Merging rule can be varied, merges, selects big merging etc. such as high specific.
Between the each processing unit in apparatus of the present invention the flow instance of data as shown in Figure 2, wherein the channel estimation value update cycle is the cycle with a time slot, is described in detail as follows:
1. timing relationship: the slot synchronization signal 200 of synchronizing channel is obtained by cell search unit; Multipath phase place 202 is after the slot synchronization signal 200 of synchronizing channel within the 256Chip scope; Zero clearing interrupts 202 between the time slot of channel estimating, obtains behind the slot synchronization signal 200 time-delay certain hours by synchronizing channel, generally can get 256Chip;
2. data 21 behind the descrambling and de-spreading: among the figure with it by the time slot section of being divided into, every section is a complete time slot; With a plurality of physical channel parallel datas 211 behind certain time slot descrambling and de-spreading is example, is the data of the complete time slot in article one footpath, has wherein comprised a plurality of channel datas concurrently;
3. the memory write control unit is integrated back data 25 and 26: wherein the memory write control unit is integrated the data that back data 25 write for memory centering first block storage to ping-pong operation, and the memory write control unit is integrated the data that back data 26 write for another block storage of memory centering to ping-pong operation.Data flow 251 is obtained by a plurality of physical channel parallel data 211 serializations among the figure, and data flow 251 is read as data flow 221 by memory read control unit 12 fast at next time slot, is compensated back data 252 after the compensation.
4. memory read control unit 12 read data from memory obtains data flow 22 and parallel multipath compensation back data 27 of reading simultaneously after the integration.Wherein 22 is to interrupt 202 temporarily at time slot, reads data behind the descrambling and de-spreading successively respectively from every footpath, conspires to create a string data flow, gives channel estimating unit 13 and channel compensate bank 14; Multipath compensation back data 27 are the parallel multipath data of reading again out from memory simultaneously after all directly compensate end, give multipath merge cells 16.
5. channel estimating and channel compensation: input traffic 22 is handled, and interrupt signal 23 is made channel estimating one time temporarily between the footpath, obtains next channel related parameter in interchannel zero clearing interrupt signal 24 temporarily.Data flow after the compensation is sent the memory write control unit, deposits memory after the integration in.With many channel serial data streams 221 in first footpath in 22 is example, is compensated the data flow 252 in the data flow 25 of back after compensation and the integration.Wherein zero clearing interrupt signal 23, interchannel zero clearing interrupt signal 24, relevant parameter go out channel estimating control signal generator 15 generations among Fig. 1 between the footpath.
Sum up above the description, the multichannel data 211 of certain time slot of descrambling and de-spreading article one footpath, be integrated into multichannel serial data stream 251 through the memory write control unit and deposit memory in, after arriving, zero clearing interrupt signal between the footpath 23 is read out, become the data flow 221 in the multipath multichannel serial data stream 22, through the channel estimating channel compensation with write and become data flow 252 after control is integrated and deposit memory in, after all directly compensate end, be read as parallel multipath data 271.Other each footpath, data flow carries out with such order successively, at last the multipath data 27 of parallel read-out is carried out the correspondence position merging and gets final product.
Can see that by above-mentioned data flow example the characteristics of the channel estimating apparatus maximum that the present invention proposes are only to need some memory resources of corresponding increase, just can make more multipath of system handles and physical channel.Specifically be exactly, data behind the descrambling and de-spreading of the multipath that increases and physical channel are deposited in the memory, channel estimating control signal generator 15 fecund are given birth to zero clearing interrupt signal between several footpaths, also corresponding string longer of multipath multichannel serial data stream in time slot, only need a cover channel estimating and a channel compensate bank, just can finish the channel estimation task of all footpaths and physical channel.One cover channel estimating and channel compensate bank can handle maximum multipath number and physical channel number, depend on two factors, i.e. the processing clock used of system and the spreading factor of each channel.With W-CDMA is example, 2560 chips of a time slot, two channels of up processing,, the control channel that contains frequency pilot sign of SF=256, its symbolic number are 2560/256=10, a SF=4 data traffic channels, its symbolic number is 2560/4=640, so one the time slot domestic demand in footpath sign digit to be processed is 650, consider some read and write data and algorithm on necessary processing time-delay, need 680 processing clock finish the channel estimating and the compensation task in a footpath.If adopt 8 times of chip samples clocks (30.72MHz) to deal with clock, 2560*8=20480 processing clock arranged in the time slot, the multipath that can finish of cover channel estimating and a compensating unit is 20480/680=30 so, that is to say physically only needs to realize a cover channel estimating and a compensating unit, and its disposal ability is to be equivalent to 30 channel estimating and compensating unit.In the CDMA mobile communication systems, for up, the increase of number of mobile users purpose means the increase of multipath number; For descending, high-speed data service need increase the number of physical channel, the soft handover function need increase multipath number, and the channel estimating hardware resource when the invention solves the increase of multipath number and physical channel number expends huge problem, helps reducing system cost.
Claims (8)
1, channel estimating apparatus in a kind of code division multiple access system, comprise channel estimating unit (13), channel compensate bank (14), multipath merge cells (16), it is characterized in that, also comprise memory set (11), memory write control unit (10), memory read control unit (12) and channel estimating control signal generator (15):
Described memory write control unit (10) produces to write clock, write address and to write and enables, to after the parallel data serialization of descrambling and de-spreading unit output and the data after the compensation form a string data, be written in the described memory set (11);
Described memory set (11) comprises some memories, and each is to the corresponding multipath of memory, the address field that different channels is corresponding different; Store I, the Q two paths of data of the complex signal of sending from described association memory control unit (10) respectively;
Described memory read control unit (12) is controlled the memory in the described memory set (11), produce for the Different Diameter different channels sequence time-division read to enable and read the address, and the data of reading are put into same output register in the described memory set (11), conspire to create a string data flow and give described channel estimating unit (13) and described channel compensate bank (14); After all channels all run through and will compensate the back data deposit back memory, read the data of all memory centerings in the described memory set (11) once more at synchronization, give multipath merge cells (16); Or in beginning when the last item directly compensates, read data after the compensation in each footpath, front alignedly, with the parallel multipath merge cells (16) of giving of the last item compensation back data;
Described channel estimating unit (13) one of every reception between the footpath that described channel estimating control signal generator (15) sends during interrupt signal, utilize the frequency pilot sign of the every footpath of data flow front end to finish channel estimation process one time, channel estimation value remains to interrupt signal arriving between next footpath, break and carry out the estimation in every footpath in turn, the delivery channel estimated value is given channel estimating compensating unit (14);
The data flow of described channel compensate bank (14) after with the descrambling and de-spreading that comes from described memory read control unit (12) is input, and the interchannel that utilizes described channel estimating control signal generator (15) to produce interrupts the parameter that reset signal receives next channel; Utilize the channel estimation value of described channel estimating unit (13) to compensate processing.Data flow after the compensation is given and is write storage control unit and make buffer memory;
Described channel estimating control signal generator (15) utilizes the system synchronization signal to produce the required various interruption reset signals of channel estimating, and other coordinate the required control signal of each unit timing relationship; Reception is from the parameter of system, and parameter distributed to other unit use;
Described multipath merge cells (16) is input with the multipath compensation back data of reading the control unit parallel read-out, merges back output multipath by certain rule and merges the back data.
2, channel estimating apparatus in the code division multiple access system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described being written in the described memory set (11) further comprises: every footpath after the cycle of pre-treatment descrambling despread data and next cycle compensation storage in a right memory of memory, the address field that different physical channels is corresponding different, storage is in another memory, between the two for alternately concerning after the compensation in the descrambling and de-spreading data of next cycle and the 3rd cycle.
3, channel estimating apparatus in the code division multiple access system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the capacity of each memory was determined by the channel estimation value update cycle in the described memory set (11), and principle is to hold the data of all channels in the interior multipath of this cycle.
4, channel estimating apparatus in the code division multiple access system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each also can be by memory of a channel to constructing to memory in the described memory set (11).
5, channel estimating apparatus in the code division multiple access system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, each read-write rule to two memories in the memory is the table tennis rule in the described memory set (11), when a memory to being applied to read-write operation to certain cycle data, another then carries out the operation of next cycle data write.
6, channel estimating apparatus in the code division multiple access system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the data flow in the described memory read control unit (12) is in proper order: footpath 1 channel 1, footpath 1 channel 2 ... footpath 2 channels 1, footpath 2 channels 2 ... footpath n channel 1, footpath n channel 2 Channel 1 is set at the channel that contains the required frequency pilot sign of channel estimating in the data flow, reads from memory earlier than other channel.
7, channel estimating apparatus in the code division multiple access system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the rule that described multipath merge cells (16) merges by high specific merges back output multipath and merges the back data.
8, channel estimating apparatus in the code division multiple access system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described multipath merge cells (16) merges back output multipath by the big rule that merges of choosing and merges the back data.
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