CN1247597A

CN1247597A - Solar energy collector system

Info

Publication number: CN1247597A
Application number: CN97181883A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 戴维·米尔斯
Original assignee: SOLSEARCH Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Areva Solar Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 1996-12-20
Filing date: 1997-12-19
Publication date: 2000-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 2017-12-19
Also published as: EP0985118A4; EP0985118A1; ES2201332T3; EP0985118B1; US6131565A; AUPO429396A0; WO1998028579A1; CN1119584C

Abstract

A solar energy collector system which includes n groups (13, 14) of arrayed reflectors (15) and n + 1 target receiver systems (10, 11, 12) which present absorbing surfaces to solar radiation that is reflected by the reflectors. The receiver systems (10, 11, 12) are elevated relative to the reflectors (15) and the reflectors are pivotably mounted to support structures (19) in a manner such that they may be positioned angularly to reflect incident radiation (I1, I2) toward one or the other of the receiver systems (10, 11, 12). The collector system is characterised in that a majority at least of the reflectors (15) within each group (13, 14) are arranged to be driven simultaneously to pivot through the same angle (phi), in that the reflectors (15) within each group (13, 14) are arrayed in two sub-groups (21 and 22), and in that a majority at least of the reflectors (15) within the respective sub-group (21 and 22) are orientated permanently toward respective ones of the receiver systems (10, 11, 12).

Description

Solar energy collector system

The present invention relates to a kind of solar energy collector system, more particularly, relate to a kind of system, it comprises: receiver, the function of receiver are to absorb solar radiation; And reflector, they settle the solar radiation with incident to reflex on the receiver.Therefore the present invention has described collector system hereinafter in large quantities, and it comprises receiver, and its function is that the power conversion with the solar radiation of incident becomes heat energy and gives heat-exchange fluid with thermal energy transfer.Yet, should be understood that for example, the present invention comprises that for those there are application widely in receiver of anti-phase hole gatherer (inverted cavity collector) and photovoltaic cell form and system.

The collector system of type of the present invention is called as the Fresnel reflector system, and according to its structure, it can think the simulation of a parabolic dishes or Linear Parabolic face groove.When being configured to the simulation of parabolic troughs, this collector system comprises receiver, and it is supported by vertical rod, and orientation or arrangement are to form the target of extending linearly.Reflector places on the ground level slightly, and is arranged on the zone, and this zone is the reflection of selecting to provide to the radiation of target receiver.The reflector of array orientation is reflexing to radiation a target, and reflector is rotatably installed and is coupled to provide synchronous single to follow the tracks of.

Above-mentioned Fresinel reflector system allows to use the large scale target, and provides low cost to those equidimension parabolic troughs or dish collector system.Yet use the problem of ground array reflector to be that radiation blocking can produce shade.

A solution to this problem is disclosed in International Patent Application PCT/AU96/00177, and the applying date is on March 28th, 1996, is the inventor's assignee with the Sydney University, transfers the applicant afterwards.The publication number of the international patent application of reference is WO96/30705, it has disclosed a collector system, it comprises a group pattern formula reflector at least and is attached to single reflector in every group of two target receiver system of every group of reflector at least usually towards one or another attached receiver system, at least some reflectors are rotating in every group, they can orientation so that the direction of incident radiation moves on to another receiver system from a receiver system.

During the system that discloses in using the publication of reference, need to determine which reflector often towards separately receiver system, so that the shade minimum, indivedual reflectors (or reflector) groups are swayed to satisfy the requirement of orientation.

Yet, developed the collector system that discloses in the international patent application as reference, attempt to obtain optimum gatherer efficient, determine can realize by the following method approaching optimum performance by the inventor: by setting up two reflectors groups; By making separately all reflectors in the son group towards separately receiver system; Most of reflector is rotated with equal angular, and the direction of keeping the reflector in each son group simultaneously is towards separately receiver system.

The present invention can broadly be defined as provides a kind of solar energy collector system, and it comprises that at least one group pattern formula reflector and at least two target receiver systems spaced apart from each other are attached to every group of reflector.Receiver system is supported on the ground level, promotes with respect to reflector.Reflector in every group props up and is held on the ground level, and be rotatably installed on the supporting construction, thereby their tiltables are placed incident radiation is reflexed to one or another receiver system, most of at least reflectors are settled and are driven in every group, to rotate with identical angle simultaneously basically.And the reflector in every group is arranged to two son groups, and most of at least reflectors are always towards separately receiver system in each son group.

Reflector in each son group can drive independently or mechanically be coupled with the angle changing with incident radiation and rotate synchronously.

Collector system of the present invention allows to use a drive system, and it is more simpler than what disclose among International Patent Application PCT/AU96/00177.That is, all, or most of at least reflector can be coupled together, this with regard to the radiation having avoided acting on the single reflector and caused incident from a receiver system to the drive system that another receiver system moves problem, the problem includes: the problem of complexity.May receiver system of the present invention can not avoid the influence of shade fully, but any because minimizing of the gatherer efficient of certain shade all by use quite simply the interests of reflector drive system compensated.

Yet if necessary, collector system of the present invention can be constructed and be come by arranging the small reflection device to drive to rotate with the reflection direction that changes incident radiation to obtain optimum collection efficiency.That is, can two kinds of different modes construct according to collector system of the present invention:

1. make all reflectors (referring to " angle change reflector ") drive the angle that changes reflection, make reflector in each son group always towards separately receiver system, or

For most of angles change reflectors and, in addition,, drive and pivot so that the reflection direction of radiation is shifted to another receiver system from a receiver system for small reflection device (referring to " direction variation reflector ").

And in certain configuration, it is appropriate making some reflectors have fixing direction and not turn.

When being attached to every group of reflector, can place receiver system to form the side (or part of every side) of geometry more than two receiver system.For example, receiver system from the above mentioned can be placed as square, and reflector can make up in square boundary or outside the border.Yet the reflector that forms every group is preferably arranged in the mode of the row that is parallel to receiving system.

Complete receiver system comprises the single reflector group between the substantially parallel receiver system that places two spaces, or collector system comprises two groups of reflectors, they place between three spaced parallel receiver systems, and the representative of receiver system is from the target of two groups of reflector radiation reflected.This specific configuration can repeat into, for n reflector group, n+1 receiver system arranged.

As previously mentioned, each receiver system can be that the device of spendable form of energy constitutes by any capable absorption solar radiation and with conversion of solar energy.Each receiver system preferably includes solar energy to the heat energy conversion system, preferably includes collector element, and heat-exchange fluid can pass through it, and it comprises solar energy option table finishing coat.In such an embodiment of the present invention, the function of coating is that the power conversion with the solar radiation of incident is a heat energy, and with thermal energy conduction to heat-exchange fluid.

As previously mentioned, reflector places more than the ground, and receiver system promotes with respect to reflector.Reflector can be supported on the ground, or whole collector system can be supported on the ground platform.Such platform can comprise a building top, and platform can be regarded " being grounded on " this system as.In an application-specific of the present invention, system can be installed on the building top of square profile of tooth.

With reference to the accompanying drawings,, just can more fully understand the present invention by the description of a following preferred embodiment to complete solar energy collector system, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a plane, shows a complete collector system that comprises three recipient systems and two groups of reflectors;

Fig. 2 simply shows the typical angle configurations of one group of reflector between two recipient systems;

Fig. 3 shows the angle configurations of the single reflector element that has variable incident angle;

Fig. 4 shows for the typical fixed structure that reflector element is used;

Fig. 5 simply shows the electric control system that can be used for one group of reflector;

Fig. 6 shows the part of a recipient system;

Fig. 7 shows a single collector element of taking out from recipient system shown in Figure 5;

Fig. 8 is the simple side view of a recipient system, and it can be used to substitute recipient shown in Figure 6 system.

As shown in Figure 1, solar energy collector system comprises three recipient systems that separate each other, are parallel to each other 10,11 and 12, and they are separated by two reflector group 13 and 14.Each reflector group comprises the reflector 15 of a ranking between two

parallel row

16 and 17, near

reflector group

13 and 14 position can reflex to incident ray in the middle of the

recipient system

10,11 or 12 one or another.That is, as shown in Figure 2, the orientation of the reflector 15 in first group 13 the row 16 can reflex to incident radiation recipient system 10, and the orientation of the reflector in first group 13 the row 17 can reflex to incident radiation receiver system 11.Similarly, the orientation of the reflector 15 in second group 14 the row 16 can reflex to incident radiation receiver system 11, and the orientation of the reflector in 14 the row 17 makes incident radiation reflex to receiver system 12 on the same group.

The length l of each receiver system is typically 250～500 meters, and the every pair of receiver system is 50 meters reflector field width degree at interval typically.For the system with these sizes, receiver system should be installed on 13 meters high bars 18, and reflector should provide 50% ground covering.The reflecting surface 19 (Fig. 4) of reflector can place near 1 meter position more than the ground, thereby receiver system is promoted corresponding to all reflectors, comprises those that can place the high point of fluctuating hilly ground.All reflectors 15 in the row 16 all mechanically are coupled, all reflectors 15 in row 17.And all reflectors 15 all are installed on the supporting construction 20 in one way, allow them with near the rotation of 45 ° angle so that they can:

(a) can regulate step by step for the variation of incident radiation angle; With

(b) if necessary, incrementally regulate to guarantee that reverberation is evenly distributed in the sorbent surface of receiving

system

10,11 and 12 basically.

The reflector 15 of every row 16 can be regarded as to organize fully in 13 and 14 at each and forms a son group 21, and the reflector 15 in every row 17 can be regarded as organizing fully and formed the second son group 22 in 13 and 14.As shown in Figure 2, organize fully in 13 the first son group 21 all reflectors 15 all the time all reflectors in receiver 10, the second son groups 22 all the time towards recipient system 11.Organize all reflectors 15 in 14 the first son group 21 similarly fully all the time towards receiver system 11, and those in the second son group 22 all the time towards receiver system 12.

As shown in Figure 2, each row 16 of

reflector

15 and 17 placement and towards making incident and catoptrical obstacle avoid perhaps are to have minimized at least.Yet it should be understood that the arrangement among Fig. 2 only shows a kind of possible structure, different reflector orientations can satisfy different conditions.

Each reflector 15 comprises the metal or the glass mirror of polishing, and its reflecting surface 19 can be flat or be formed with slight concentration curve.In another kind was arranged, each reflector can be made by plastic material, but coating or coating reflecting surface.

Reflector 15 itself is installed on the support frame 23, and support frame 23 has an axostylus axostyle, with the single shaft rotation of cremasteric reflex device.Entire emission device assembly is by supporting that with the supporting construction 20 of ground engagement be the supporting reflex device, it is of a size of above about 1 meter of ground, and it comprises a driving mechanism of reflector.Therefore each reflector typically length is 2 meters, and nearly 25 independent reflectors form the

independent row

16 or 17 of reflectors.

As shown in Figure 5, one independently drive system be connected to each

son group

21 and 22 of reflector, each drive system comprises a plurality of synchronous tracking motors or stepper motor 24, is used for the

row

16 and 17 of passing to the reflector 15 that forms

son group

21 and 22 evenly driving.Driving to reflector can be controlled by sensor 25, and it is the position of detecting the sun to be set and to produce appropriate driving signal to tracking motor 24 by processor, and tracking motor 24 is associated with phase inverter that each son is organized in 21 and 22.(not shown) in another kind of structure, driving signal can produce in a microprocessor, and this microprocessor is to be controlled by the signal that computer produces, and this signal is represented the position of the sun in periodic intervals.

As shown in Figure 3, owing to remain unchanged from the path of the reverberation R of each reflector 15, driving must be passed to reflector 15 in one way, this mode can cause all reflector simultaneously folk prescription to ground around axle with angle φ rotation, angle φ equals half of changing value of the angle θ of incident radiation I.

Each

receiver system

10,11 and 12 comprises the tooth bar 27 of vertical extension tubulose collector element 28, and the length of element 28 is 1.4 meters.Tooth bar 27 is installed all collector elements 28 closely to concern, and in conjunction with last arm 29, as shown in Figure 7, arm 29 is arranged and used a metal U type structure 30 that water is transported to each collector element and transports steam from each collector element.

Collector element 28 comprises single-ended glass tube, and it has the inside and

outside tube elements

31 and 32 that is separated by vacuum space 33.In pipe 31 outer surface scribble solar energy option table finishing coat, for example, layering on the light metallic substrates or multistage ceramic coating, it construct absorb solar radiation and with thermal energy transfer to by on the heat-exchange fluid of pipeline.Can be delivered to metal U type pipe 30 with supplemental heat from glass tube at internal pipeline element 31 built-in metal blade (not shown) of collector element.

Although the collector element 28 that is shown in Fig. 6 vertically extends between their upper and lower is supported, collector element can with tilt angle in 30 ° of-60 ° of scopes of horizontal plane, to reduce the effective depth of receiver system.And, for improving the efficient of gatherer, can provide additional reflector element (not shown) between the adjacent collector element so that the radiation on the collector element 28 (may transmit) is changed its course.

The form that the another kind of receiver system of Fig. 8 is shown is an anti-phase cave receiver, sees along section, comprises a thin leaf plate 34 of metal, is positioned on the hole 35, in thin-sheet metal pipeline 36.Two

arms

37 and 38 that radially extend are supporting in pipeline 36, and lower one is used for splendid attire water, and higher one is used for carrying steam.A plurality of heat-exchange tubes 39 extend betwixt, and connecting

branch

37 and 38, and pipeline 39 contacts with the upper surface of plate 34.

The lower surface of plate 34 is coated with the solar energy option table finishing coat of the type of describing the front in the context of collector element 28, face glass 40 is with hole 35 sealings.The hole is filled with inert gas or sluggish air (stagnant air), and pipeline 36 inside are full of insulating materials 41.

Receiver system shown in Figure 8 is further improved, and anti-phase hole can be replaced by the collector element array of the orthogonal array type of Fig. 6 of horizontal positioned.Here can also provide auxiliary reflector element in the collector element back so that the radiation changed course that may between the adjacent collector element, transmit.And auxiliary reflector element can place under the aperture by horizontal receiver system representative so that any may below the receiver system or the radiation of transmitting in addition point to.

As mentioned above, also can carry out other changes and improvements, the present invention is limited by following claims.

Claims

1. a solar energy collector system, it comprises that at least one group pattern formula reflector and at least two are apart from one another by the subsidiary target receiver system of opening that every group of reflector arranged, receiver system is supported in more than the ground, upwards promote with respect to reflector, phase inverter in every group is supported on the ground level, rotatably be installed on the supporting construction, thereby they can be placed angularly incident radiation is reflexed to one or another receiver system, most of at least main reflectors are placed basically and rotate with equal angular simultaneously in every group, reflector in every group is arranged in two son groups, at least in each son group most of reflectors always towards separately receiver system.

2. collector system as claimed in claim 1 wherein provides drive unit to drive the interior reflector of each son group with essentially identical angle independently.

3. collector system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reflector in each son group mechanically is linked at together, and provides drive unit to drive the reflector of link with essentially identical angle.

4. as any one described collector system of claim 1 to 3, wherein all reflectors are provided to side by side be driven basically with the equal angular rotation in every group, and simultaneously, the reflector in each son group is always towards separately receiver system.

5. as any one described collector system of claim 1 to 3, wherein every group of interior most of gatherers whenever contain angle variation reflector, they are placed side by side to be driven basically, pivot with equal angular, simultaneously, described angle in each son group changes the total receiver system that keeps towards separately of reflector, wherein every group of interior minority reflector comprises direction variation reflector, they are settled and are driven and rotate, change resembling from a receiver system to another receiver system they towards.

6. as any one described collector system of claim 1 to 5, wherein each collector system comprises a solar energy-heat converting system.

7. collector system as claimed in claim 6, each collector system comprises the collector element of the arrangement of a tooth bar at least, and heat-exchange fluid can be used for system by them.

8. collector system as claimed in claim 7, wherein, each collector element comprises a glass tube, negotiable by its heat-exchange fluid, be used for system, pipeline has the inside and outside, they have determined a vacuum space, and the inwall of pipeline scribbles solar energy option table finishing coat.

9. collector system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the gatherer pipeline vertically extends between the upper and lower support component of tooth bar.

10. collector system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the gatherer pipeline between the upper and lower support component of tooth bar so that the angular direction is extended.

11. collector system as claimed in claim 6, wherein each receiver system comprises a reverse cavity type receiver at least.

12. collector system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the cavity type receiver comprises horizontal positioned ground, the baffle of Yan Shening radially, face glass with the parallel placement of this plate, with a hole that contains gas, plate and panel are separated, the lower surface of plate is exposed to the hole, scribble solar energy option table finishing coat, the receiver that includes heat exchanging pipe contacts with the upper surface of plate.

13. the described collector system of arbitrary as described above claim wherein only has two receiver systems to be attached with every group of reflector.

14. the described collector system of arbitrary as described above claim wherein has n group reflector and n+1 group of receivers system, every group of reflector places between two group of receivers.

15. as claim 13 or 14 described collector systems, wherein every group of interior reflector arranged with the linear rows that is parallel to receiving system.

16. receiver system as claimed in claim 15, the reflector in wherein every row mechanically is coupled, and is installed in one way on the supporting construction, allows them to rotate together.

17. receiver system as claimed in claim 16, wherein drive controlling organization and every capable reflector is coupled, and arrange that the rotation influence reflector in one way thinks that the little recruitment of incident radiation regulates, therefore be distributed in the sorbent surface of receiving system basically equably from the reflector radiation reflected.

18. the described collector system of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein each reflector is configured as the solar radiation optically focused to reflection.

19. a collector system, basically as shown in drawings, basically as the front is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.