CN1247470C - SBR alternant aerobic/anaerobic technology for biological denitrification and real time control device and method thereof - Google Patents
SBR alternant aerobic/anaerobic technology for biological denitrification and real time control device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to alternate aerobic/ oxygen deficient biological denitrification technology with an SBR method, and a real-time controller and a method thereof. Waste water to be treated is divided into three parts to respectively enter a reactor, organic substances are degraded and compounds nitrogen containing are removed in the operation modes of alternate aerobic aeration and oxygen deficient stir under real-time process control. The present invention uses dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH as the parameters of the real-time process control, and controls the alternate aerobic aeration and oxygen deficient stir according to the regulation of the real-time process control. The present invention has the advantages of simple technology, convenient operation and management, high shock and load resistance, little occupation area, difficult sludge bulking, high denitrifying efficiency, low operation cost, short reaction time, stable effect of short-range nitrification, etc., and saves the adding quantity of carbon sources for denitrification and alkalinity for a nitrifying process, and improves the speed rate of nitrification and denitrification.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sewage treatment process, control device and method, particularly bio-denitrifying sewage technology, control device and method.
Background technology
The SBR method is the abbreviation of intermittent activated sludge water treating method, and its treatment unit connects water inlet pipe, rising pipe and shore pipe by the sbr reactor pond, has only a reaction tank, and floor space is little, is a kind of activated sludge process waste water treatment process of routine.But this activated sludge process is because nitrification is incomplete, and denitrification then takes place hardly, and the clearance of total nitrogen is only between 10%-30%.For municipal effluent, nitrogenous trade effluent, if adopt conventional Wastewater Treated by Activated Sludge Process, also contain a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water outlet, surface water body " eutrophication " phenomenon is very outstanding.
Improved conventional activated sludge technology has improved the clearance of nitrogen, phosphorus.That the most representative is exactly A/O method, A
2Technologies such as/O method, these technologies are playing certain effect aspect the denitrogenation of waste water dephosphorization, but also expose some problems simultaneously.As system is to keep the concentration of higher nitrobacteria, must carry out mud backflow and nitrification liquid and reflux, increase running cost and energy consumption, on the other hand, increase the processing structures of anaerobism and anoxic section in the technology, made the initial cost of whole technology and floor space increase.
The bio-denitrifying sewage technology is an important research direction in the current water pollution control field, and researching and developing biological denitrification process and device efficient, less energy-consumption has become current field of water treatment important research project.
Existing bio-denitrifying sewage process is mainly finished jointly by two-stage process, promptly by nitrification ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen, by denitrification nitrate nitrogen is converted into nitrogen again and overflows from water.In the nitrated stage, it is by independently two differential responses finishing of bacterium catalysis of two classes that ammonia nitrogen is converted to nitrate, at first by nitrococcus (Nitrosomonas) ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrite (NO
2 -), by nitrifier (Nitrobacter) nitrite is converted into nitrate (NO then
3 -).The final product of nitrification is a nitrate in the traditional biological denitrification process, and denitrification is with NO
3 -Be electron acceptor(EA).
The problem that existing short distance nitration-denitrification biological denitrogenation technology exists: 1. denitrification still need add the medicament carbon source; 2. nitrite concentration is accumulated to-decides degree and will produce restraining effect to Nitrosomas, thereby reduces nitration reaction speed; 3. the stability of short distance nitration process depends on real-time control, if control improperly a little, the short distance nitration process so just might change traditional complete nitrification process into gradually with regard to the tendency of oriented complete nitrification transition.In addition, no matter traditional complete nitrification or short distance nitration during denitrification, all will produce basicity, if the basicity that denitrification is produced is rationally utilized, will save the alkali number that nitrifying process adds.
Fuzzy control (Fuzzy Control) since zadeh proposes Fuzzy Set Theory and Mamdani (1975) and has delivered first piece of paper about fuzzy control, application in engineering increasingly extensive with deeply.Because sewage quality, the water yield alter a great deal, the research in water treatment still is in the exploration state with application.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of SBR method alternately aerobic/anoxic biological denitrification process and real-time control apparatus and method, solve 1., denitrification still need add the problem of medicament carbon source, 2., nitrite concentration is accumulated to a certain degree and will produces restraining effect to Nitrosomas, thereby reduce the problem of nitration reaction speed, 3., the stable real-time control problem of short distance nitration process, 4., save the problem that nitrifying process adds alkali number.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
The SBR method is alternately aerobic/the anoxic biological denitrification process, it is characterized in that: and aerobic in the sbr reactor device-anoxic, aerobic-the anoxic alternate run, adopt three sections water intake modes to remove organism and nitrogenous compound in the waste water, operation is as follows:
A, water inlet operation: the inlet valve that will connect water inlet pipe is opened, and first section waste water directly enters the sbr reactor device, closes inlet valve after reaching predetermined amount;
B, aerobic aeration operation I are input into aerator with pressurized air, and oxygen supply in active sludge intermixture is degraded and carried out the nitrification of nitrogenous compound organism;
C, anoxia stirring operation I, open inlet valve, second section waste water enters as electron donor when sbr reactor device anoxia stirring, make the nitrite that produces in the aerobic aeration stage be converted into nitrogen through the denitrifying bacterium effect, satisfy the requirement of the required carbon source of short-cut denitrification to the waste water that is added and promptly close inlet valve, open stirrer simultaneously, total system enters the denitrification denitrogenation stage, after denitrification finishes for the first time, disconnect stirrer;
D, aerobic aeration operation II: the same b of process;
E, anoxia stirring operation II: the same c of process, the 3rd section waste water is still as denitrifying electron donor, be after denitrification is finished, enter aerobic nitrification stage and when end again, denitrifying carbon source during as following closely anoxia stirring adds, and makes the nitrite that generates in the reactor in time be converted into nitrogen through anoxic denitrification;
F, precipitation operation: inlet valve, air intake valve, water discharging valve and spoil disposal valve are all closed at this moment;
G, drainage procedure: will handle back water outside rising pipe is discharged to reactor;
H, idle operation: all valves and volume pump are all closed, and the reaction tank also not draining of not intaking is in holding state.
This SBR method is alternately aerobic/anoxic biological denitrification process real-time control apparatus, it is characterized in that: connect water inlet pipe by the sbr reactor pond, rising pipe and shore pipe, it is characterized in that: be built-in with dissolved oxygen concentration DO in the sbr reactor pond, redox potential ORP transmitter and pH value transmitter, the sensor is through lead and DO determinator, the ORP determinator is connected the back and is connected with the data signal input interface of computer with the pH meter, the data signal output interface of computer, connect topworks, the water inlet rly. of topworks through lead, the water outlet rly., the aeration rly., dosing pump rly., add carbon source volume pump rly., the stirrer rly. through interface respectively with inlet valve, flowing water Valve, the aerator air intake valve, the dosing pump, adding carbon source volume pump and stirrer is electrically connected.
This alternately aerobic/real-time control method of anoxic SBR biological denitrification process, it is characterized in that:
In Sewage treatment systems,, gather redox potential ORP, the signal of dissolved oxygen concentration DO and pH value by dissolved oxygen concentration DO transmitter, redox potential ORP transmitter and the on-line monitoring of pH transmitter; ORP, DO and the pH value signal gathered are imported analog digital conversion element A/D through transmitter, convert numerary signal to; Numerary signal is imported computer, through calculating, the obfuscation of manipulated variable deviation calculate, with the fuzzy control rule comparison of input in advance, adopt the fuzzy predication method of Mamdani carry out the fuzzy control reasoning, after non-Defuzzication calculates, obtain the fuzzy control variable; Convert the fuzzy control variable to control signal through digital-to-analogue conversion element D/A again; Control signal control topworks, the flooding quantity of eight steps of fuzzy control reaction tank, aeration time, stirring, aeration time, churning time, precipitation, draining and the idle timed interval for the second time for the first time in real time.
Above-mentioned first time, the fuzzy control of aeration time was a first order derivative as ORP during less than 0.4～0.8mV/min, stopped aeration, entered anoxic denitrification for the first time.
Above-mentioned second time, the fuzzy control of aeration time was when basicity is sufficient, and the first order derivative of pH is just changed into by negative, during and aeration time t＞2h, inferred nitrated termination, stopped aeration;
When basicity was not enough, DO was greater than 5mg/L, and during and aeration time t＞2h, the first order derivative absolute value of pH is less than 0.002min simultaneously
-1The time, infer nitrated termination, stop aeration.
The fuzzy control of above-mentioned churning time be when the first order derivative of pH by the first order derivative that just changes negative or ORP into by-25～-when 20mV/min becomes less than-30mV/min suddenly, during and churning time t＞0.5h, infer that denitrification finishes, stop to stir.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is oxidized to nitrate two bacterioid catalyzed reactions with ammonia and is divided into two differential responses, and the technology of carrying out denitrogenation through this approach is defined as short distance nitration-denitrification biological denitrogenation technology.From the microbial transformation process of nitrogen,, no matter be that nitrite or nitrate all can be used as final hydrogen acceptor, thereby whole biological denitrification process also can be through NH for denitrifying bacteria
4 +→ NO
2 -→ N
2Such approach is finished.
In technology of the present invention, along with the carrying out of nitration reaction, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is fewer and feweri in the reaction mixture, and the concentration of nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen raises gradually, causes the accumulation of nitric nitrogen in the reaction system.And the accumulative total of nitric nitrogen has restraining effect to nitrifier, thereby nitration reaction speed is reduced.The present invention in time removes the cumulative nitric nitrogen in reaction process, improved the speed of whole nitration reaction greatly, has reduced the reaction times, has saved running cost.
In technology of the present invention, produce a large amount of basicity in the denitrification stage, the nitrated exactly again stage people of these basicity is what add.The present invention is back to use nitrifying process with the basicity that denitrification produces, and has saved the throwing alkali number in nitrated stage greatly.
The present invention adopts alternately aerobic/anoxic operation scheme to move SBR method short distance nitration-denitrification denitrogenation technology, and control in real time replaces the time of aerobic aeration and anoxia stirring.This method has not only improved processing efficiency, reduced the reaction times and has reduced running cost, and when bigger variation takes place in the water inlet Pollutant levels, owing to adopted the online in real time process control still can control alternately aerobic/anoxic time exactly, the capacity of resisting impact load of total system improved greatly.
Of the present invention alternately aerobic/anoxic SBR biological denitrification process compared with prior art, have following advantage:
(1), alternately the basicity that produces of anoxic denitrification is utilized for the nitrifying process in next one stage, the basicity that this phenomenon has been equivalent to increase this nitrifying process adds, and has improved rate of nitrification; In addition, second and third part waste water as the denitrification electron donor have two effects, one for serving as the required carbon source of denitrification, another is pending waste water, this water intake mode not only produces the recycling of basicity to denitrification, saved the medicament carbon source that the denitrification stage adds, the corresponding basicity dosage that has reduced whole technology, and correspondingly improved wastewater treatment capacity again.
(2), in good time control aeration and churning time, make the nitrite nitrogen of nitrated generation in the reactor in time be reduced to nitrogen, or not fundamentally do not suppress the growth of Nitromonas for Nitromonas provides growth required substrate.Therefore, this technology can be stablized, the persistent short distance nitration type of keeping, and avoids the appearance of complete nitrification, gives full play to every advantage of short distance nitration.
(3), in good time control the nitrification and denitrification time, the nitrite nitrogen of nitrated generation in the reactor is in time removed by denitrification process, reduce because the rate of nitrification that the nitrite nitrogen accumulation is caused descends.Therefore, this technology shortens the reaction times realizing helping improving rate of nitrification on the short distance nitration process basis.
(4), adopt real-time control apparatus and method control biological denitrification process to control the required pharmaceutical quantities that adds of each biochemical reaction, reaction times in real time according to the variation of the raw water quality water yield, realization has intelligentized control, optimizes energy-conservation under the prerequisite of assurance effluent quality.
(5), adopt the SBR process reactor, make organism and nitrogenous compound in a reaction tank, obtain removing, reduced anoxic pond and settling tank etc. and handled structures, thereby reduced the floor space of initial cost and whole technology.
(6), short distance nitration-denitrification biological denitrogenation technology reduces by two steps than complete nitrification-denitrification biological denitrogenation technology.The short distance nitration biological denitrification process is to make nitration reaction be controlled at the nitrite stage, directly carries out denitrification then, thereby reaches the removal to nitrogenous compound.The short distance nitration biological denitrification process has been saved aerobic stage oxygen-supplying amount about 25%; Save the required carbon source about 40% of denitrification; Reduce the mud growing amount; Reduce the throwing alkali number of nitrifying process; Shorten the reaction times, correspondingly reduced reactor volume about 30%～40%.
Samll cities and towns' municipal effluent or organism, nitrogen content changed the processing of trade effluent greatly during the present invention can be widely used in, and were specially adapted to adopt the sewage work of SBR technology or the sewage work of preparing to adopt SBR technology.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the operation synoptic diagram of operation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of real-time control apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the fuzzy control method step synoptic diagram of soybean wastewater biological denitrification process of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the membership function of CEpH;
Fig. 5 is the membership function of EDO and CEDO.
Among the figure, the 1-water inlet pipe, the 2-rising pipe, the 3-shore pipe, the 4-rly. of intaking, 5-water outlet rly., 6-aeration rly., 7-dosing pump rly., 8-adds carbon source volume pump rly., 9-stirrer rly., the 10-DO transmitter, the 11-ORP transmitter, the 12-pH transmitter, the 13-signal output interface, the 14-aerator, the 15-stirrer, 16-dosing pump, the 17-carbon source adds volume pump, the 18-pH meter, the 19-ORP determinator, the 20-DO determinator, the 21-signal input interface, the 22-signal output interface, the 23-computer, 24-topworks, the 25-SBR reaction tank, 26-strains hydrophone.
Embodiment
Embodiment one as shown in Figure 1, the operation operation of technology of the present invention:
Water inlet operation a, at first pending waste water enters the sbr reactor device under real-time control apparatus is regulated, the active sludge that is deposited in the reaction tank bottom is seethed with excitement, with former water thorough mixing, after the appointment liquid level is filled with or arrived to reactor, stop water filling, enter aeration operation for the first time.
Aeration operation b opens gas blower and carries out aeration for the first time, and the control aeration rate is 0.6m
3/ h, the pressurized air that is provided by gas blower enters aerator by inlet pipe, with the form of micro-bubble to the efficient oxygen supply of active sludge intermixture, and sewage is fully contacted with active sludge, and purpose is to utilize the microorganism in the active sludge that organic pollutant is degraded and finishes the short distance nitration effect of nitrogenous compound.Whole process is implemented control by real-time control apparatus, mainly the unique point that is shown in organic matter degradation and short distance nitration process according to the DO that is settled in the reaction tank, ORP and pH transmitter is obtained organic matter degradation situation and the short distance nitration situation in the reaction tank indirectly, by real-time control apparatus the data of being obtained are handled again, finally reach control to aeration time, after real-time control apparatus obtains characterizing the nitrated signal of finishing of the aeration first time, assign the instruction that stops aeration to gas blower, system enters three process then at once.
Agitating procedure c for the first time, enter the anoxic denitrification stage, at first the data that obtain according to operation two are by the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the real-time control apparatus prediction reaction system, and send instruction by it, open inlet valve just satisfies the required carbon source of short-cut denitrification to the waste water that is added requirement.Add waste water simultaneously, open agitator motor, make the nitrite nitrogen that aeration phase produces in the first time be converted into nitrogen through the denitrifying bacteria effect, realize the removal to total nitrogen, the control of churning time still adopts ORP and pH as the real-time process control of controlled variable in real time.
Aeration operation d for the second time, when agitating procedure finishes, enter the 4th procedure, continue to implement aeration, the remaining ammonia nitrogen of reaction system is carried out nitrification, when ORP in the reactor and pH control transmitter in real time and monitor that remaining ammonia nitrogen all is converted into nitrite nitrogen in the reactor, stop aeration.System enters five processes again then, carries out anoxia stirring, and the nitrite nitrogen that generates is converted into nitrogen through the denitrifying bacteria effect, and process is with three process.
Agitating procedure e for the second time,
Precipitation operation f, the quiescent setting stage is by real-time control apparatus control sedimentation time.
Drainage procedure g, after the precipitation operation finished, drainage procedure started.Draining is finished according to the time controller in the real-time control apparatus by straining hydrophone.
Idle operation h, draining finishes to begin to be defined as lay-up period to next cycle.The time length of lay-up period is fixing, adjusts at any time according to actual sewage water quality and the water yield.
Total system repeats water inlet, aeration, stirring, aeration, stirring, precipitation, draining and idle eight operations in turn by real-time process control system control, make total system be in aerobic, anoxic, aerobic, anoxic, anaerobism alternative state all the time, intermittent water inflow and water outlet, and when each end cycle, regularly discharge remaining active sludge via shore pipe and mud valve.
Real-time control apparatus embodiment of the present invention is referring to Fig. 2, connect water inlet pipe 1 by sbr reactor pond 25, rising pipe 2 and shore pipe 3, be built-in with dissolved oxygen concentration DO transmitter 10 in the sbr reactor pond, redox potential ORP transmitter 11 and pH value transmitter 12, the sensor is through lead and DO determinator 20, ORP determinator 19 is connected the back and is connected with the data signal input interface 21 of computer 23 with pH meter 18, the data signal output interface 22 of computer, connect topworks 24, the water inlet rly. 4 of topworks through lead, water outlet rly. 5, aeration rly. 6, dosing pump rly. 7, add carbon source volume pump rly. 8, stirrer rly. 9 through interface 13 respectively with inlet valve, flowing water Valve, aerator air intake valve 14, dosing pump 16, add carbon source volume pump 17 and stirrer 15 electrical connections.Convenient for water outlet, rising pipe 2 connects strains hydrophone 26, strains hydrophone 26 and can make by oneself, also can be with reference to the structure fabrication of existing Chinese patent ZL02121083.7.
Referring to Fig. 3, real-time control method step of the present invention is as follows:
(1), in Sewage treatment systems, place two kinds of transmitters, gather the signal of redox potential (ORP) and pH value, as the Be Controlled variable of SBR method denitrification process;
(2), with the ORP, the DO that gather and pH value signal through transmitter input analog(ue)digital transformer A/D, convert numerary signal to;
(3), numerary signal is imported computer, calculating, obfuscation through the manipulated variable deviation calculate, with the fuzzy control rule comparison of input in advance, adopt the fuzzy predication method of Mamdani carry out the fuzzy control reasoning, after non-Defuzzication calculates, obtain the fuzzy control variable;
(4), convert the real-time process controlled variable to control signal through digital analog converter D/A again;
(5), control signal topworks, directly control the aeration rate and the reaction times of sewage disposal denitrification process.
(pH=4-5, COD=10000-15000mg/L, diluent TN=500-600mg/L) are former water to the actual soybean wastewater that discharges with certain food processing enterprises.Water inlet COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen concentration are at 194.55-924.90mg.L in the selected sbr reactor device useful volume 38L, reactor
-1, 25.68-81.48mg.L
-1And 36.46-90.55mg.L
-1Between when fluctuating, effluent COD concentration is all the time at 100mg.L
-1Below, the COD average removal rate is more than 90%, and the water outlet ammonia nitrogen concentration is all at 2mg.L
-1Below, on average to remove efficient and reach 99%, the water outlet total nitrogen concentration is all at 10mg.L
-1Below, average water outlet total nitrogen concentration is 5.12mg.L
-1, average removal rate is 92%.
The fuzzy control of aeration time: with the fuzzy control parameter of DO as aeration time, because the intermittent operation of SBR method, when nitrated end, the speed quickening that DO raises significantly rapidly or rises, DO can rise near the saturation value place afterwards.These variation characteristics can be described with the fuzzy language variable, as the signal that stops aeration, are two input variables of fuzzy control device so introduced with the size of DO deviation and the derivative of DO with this.
The deviation of DO and derivative thereof just are, and can simplify deviation E
DO, derivative CE
DOWith manipulated variable U
AFuzzy set and the definition of domain:
E
DO, CE
DOFuzzy set be: { PS, PM, PB}
E
DO, CE
DODomain be: 1,2,3,4,5,6}
To manipulated variable U
ABe aeration rate, have only two kinds of selections: or it is constant to keep original aeration rate, continues to wait for; Or stop aeration immediately.To input variable E
DOAnd CE
DOCarry out Fuzzy processing, this moment, the set(ting)value DOs of DO got 2.5mg/L.Fuzzy method sees Table 1,2, and 3.The membership function of each fuzzy set of input variable such as Fig. 4.Only the foundation of fuzzy rule is described at this, fuzzy rule control is as shown in table 4.Work as E
DODuring for CEDO and PM, CE no matter
DOHow, all keep original aeration rate, avoid making water outlet not reach emission standard inadequately because of aeration time.Has only the E of working as
DOReach PB, and CE
DOReach PM or PB and just think nitrated and stop, should stop aeration.
Table 1 is with deviation E
DOTurn to discrete integer variable X
DO
| X DO | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 |
| E DO(mg/L) | 2.5~2.7 | 2.7~3.0 | 3.0~3.5 | 3.5~4.0 | 4.0~5.0 | 5.0~ +∞ |
-8-
Table 2 is with CE
DOTurn to discrete integer variable CX
DO
| CX DO | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 |
| CE DO(mg/L/min) | -0.002 ~ 0.001 | 0.001~ 0.02 | 0.02~ 0.035 | 0.035~ 0.05 | 0.05~ 0.06 | 0.06~ +∞ |
Table 3 E
DOAnd CE
DOMembership function assignment table
| | X | DO | |||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||
| PS PM PB | Degree of membership- | 1 0.1 0 | 0.6 0.4 0 | 0.2 0.7 0.1 | 0 1 0.4 | 0 0.6 0.7 | 0 0.2 1 | ||||||
PH is as the fuzzy control parameter of aeration time
The derivative dpH/dt that selects pH uses CE as input variable of fuzzy controller
PHExpression.And to output variable U
A(being aeration rate), have only two kinds of selections: a kind of is that to keep original aeration rate constant, continues to wait for, represents with 0; Another kind is to stop aeration immediately, does not have the problem that changes the aeration rate size, represents with 1.
With CE
PHNonuniform quantizing is the discrete integer variable CH between [2 ,+2]
PH, as shown in table 5.
Table 5 is with CE
PHTurn to discrete integer variable CX
PH
Table8-12 Change CE
pH into discrete integer variable CX
pH
| CX pH | -2 | -1 | 0 | +1 | +2 |
| CE pH (min 1) | -∞ ～ -0.002 | -0.002 ～ -0.001 | -0.001 ～ 0.001 | 0.001 ～ 0.002 | 0.002 ～ +∞ |
CE
PHFuzzy set be { N, O, P}; CE
PHThe figure of membership function see Fig. 4.Can get CE thus
PHMembership function table 6.Use CE
PHThe fuzzy control rule that carries out the terminal point of nitrifying process sees Table 7.
Table 6 CE
PHMembership function assignment table
| Fuzzy set | CX pH | ||||
| -2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| The |
1 0 0 | 1 0 0 | 0 1 0 | 0 0 1 | 0 0 1 |
Table 7 is used the fuzzy control rule that CEpH carries out nitrated endpoint
| Output variable | CX pH | ||
| N | | P | |
| UA | |||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | |
The fuzzy control of churning time
Select the deviation of ORP (to use E
ORPExpression), the derivative dORP/dt CE of ORP
ORPExpression); The derivative dpH/dt of pH (uses CE
PHExpression); And the second derivative d of pH
2 PH/ dt
2(use C2E
PHExpression) as the input variable of denitrification fuzzy control.E
ORPBe meant that the ORP value that begins with denitrification is standard value ORP
S, the ORP of online detection
OFFWith ORP
SDifference as the deviation of ORP.Output variable has two:
(1) stirs (Mix), use U
MExpression;
(2) add carbon source (Dose), use U
DExpression.
The mode that adds carbon source can be divided into three kinds of situations herein:
(1) once adds excessive carbon source;
(2) repeatedly add carbon source by step-length;
(3) add carbon source continuously by certain speed.
The control purpose has two kinds: only there is control to the denitrification time in (1) and (3) these two kinds of carbon source dosing methods.Then not only exist control also to have the control that carbon source is added once more to (2) this dosing method to the denitrification time.Too complicated for fear of fuzzy controller, provide two fuzzy controllers according to these two control purposes, the control with the reaction times of adding of denitrifying carbon source is finished in operation simultaneously, acting in conjunction.
By the principle of fuzzy control as can be known, the input of fuzzy controller is to determine amount, and FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL itself requires fuzz variable.This just need become fuzz variable through Fuzzy processing with accurate input variable.
Because E
ORPBe negative, so with E
ORPNonuniform quantizing is the discrete integer variable X between [6 ,-0]
ORP, see Table 8.
Table 8 is with deviation E
ORPTurn to discrete integer variable X
ORP
| X ORP | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3 | -2 | -1 | -0 |
| E ORP (mV) | -∞～ -300 | -300～-15 0 | -150～-75 | -75～-38 | -38～-18 | -18～-10 | -10～+∞ |
Because CE
ORPBe negative, so with CE
ORPNonuniform quantizing is the discrete integer variable CX between [6 ,-0]
ORP, see Table 9.
Table 9 is with CE
ORPTurn to discrete integer variable CX
ORP
| CX ORP | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3 | -2 | -1 | -0 |
| CE ORP (mV/min) | -∞～-30 | -30～-25 | -25～-20 | -20～-15 | -15～-10 | -10～-5 | -5～0 |
With CE
PHNonuniform quantizing is the discrete integer variable CX between [4 ,+4]
PH, see Table 10.
Table 10 is with CE
PHTurn to discrete integer variable CX
PH
| CX pH | -4 | -3 | -2 | -1 | -0 |
| CE pH (1/min) | -∞～0.06 | -0.06～-0.04 | -0.04～-0.02 | -0.02～-0.01 | -0.01～0 |
| CX pH | +0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 |
| CE pH (1/min) | 0～0.01 | 0.01～0.02 | 0.02～0.04 | 0.04～0.06 | 0.06～+∞ |
With C2E
PHNonuniform quantizing is the discrete integer variable C2X between [2 ,+2]
PH., see Table 11.
Table 11 is with C2E
PHTurn to discrete integer variable C2X
PH
| C2X pH | -2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| C2E pH (min -2) | -∞～-0.013 | -0.013～-0.00 5 | -0.005～0.005 | 0.005～0.013 | 0.013～+∞ |
E
ORP, CE
ORP, CE
PH, C2E
PHAt table 8 to the actual domain in the table 11 all is to determine by a large amount of tests, the precision of it and transmitter, and finding speed and sampling time etc. are all relevant.E
ORPAnd CE
ORPFuzzy set be respectively { NB, NM, NS}; { NB, NM, NS, NO}; CE
PHFuzzy set be { NB, NS, NO, PO, PS, PB}; C2E
PHFuzzy set be { N, O, P}.
Fuzz variable must be represented with membership function.The specific form of membership function depends on the characteristic of Be Controlled system itself.Can obtain the membership function table (seeing Table 12 to 14) of each input variable by the membership function of each input variable.
To controlled variable U
AHave only two kinds of selections: continue to stir or finish and stir.To U
DAlso have only two kinds of selections: keep ortho states or add a certain amount of carbon source by step-length.Such controlled variable be need not to carry out de-fuzzy.
Table 12 E
ORPAnd CE
ORPMembership function assignment table
| Fuzzy set | X ORPAnd CX ORP | |||||||
| -6 | -5 | -4 | -3 | -2 | -1 | -0 | ||
| NO NS NM NB | Degree of |
0 0 0.2 1 | 0 0 0.6 0.7 | 0 0.1 1 0.4 | 0 0.55 0.7 0.1 | 0.1 1 0.4 0 | 0.55 0.8 0.1 0 | 1 0.6 0 0 |
Table 13 CE
PHMembership function assignment table
| Fuzzy set | CX pH | ||||||||||
| -4 | -3 | -2 | -1 | -0 | +0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||
| PB PS PO NO NS NB | Degree of |
0 0 0 0 0.1 1 | 0 0 0 0 0.55 0.7 | 0 0 0 0.1 1 0.4 | 0 0 0 0.55 0.8 0 | 0 0 0 1 0.6 0 | 0 0.6 1 0 0 0 | 0 0.8 0.55 0 0 0 | 0.4 1 0.1 0 0 0 | 0.7 0.55 0 0 0 0 | 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 |
Table 14 C2E
PHMembership function assignment table
| Fuzzy set | C2X pH | |||||
| -2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||
| P O N | Degree of |
0 0 1 | 0 0 1 | 0 1 0 | 1 0 0 | 1 0 0 |
Correlationship between detailed analysis ORP, pH, carbon source and the denitrification sums up the control law near optimum control that does not rely on mathematical model, sets up the composition rule and the fuzzy control rule of the fuzzy control reasoning of representing with fuzzy language.According to the various situations that may run in the operating process and the service data of system, corresponding control strategies is reduced table 15, table 16.
The fuzzy control rule of table 15 SBR denitrification time
| E ORP | ||||||||||||
| NB | NM | NS | ||||||||||
| CEpH | CE ORP | CE ORP | CE ORP | |||||||||
| NB | NM | NS | NO | NB | NM | NS | NO | NB | NM | NS | NO | |
| UM | ||||||||||||
| NB NS NO PO PS PB | 0① 1② 1 0 0 0 | 0 1 1 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 1 1 0 0 0 | 0 1 1 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
1. ortho states, attonity are kept in 0 expression;
2. 1 expression finishes to stir, and finishes denitrification.
Determined each the bar fuzzy condition statement of above-mentioned fuzzy control rule can calculate corresponding fuzzy control quantity U
MAnd U
DFor example,
if E
ORP＝NS and CE
ORP＝NO and CE
pH＝NB then U
M＝0
or...if E
ORP＝NS and CE
ORP＝NO and CE
pH＝NS then U
M＝0
or......if E
ORP＝NM and CE
ORP＝NM and CE
pH＝NS then U
M＝1......
if E
ORP＝NB and CE
ORP＝NO and CE
pH＝NB then U
M＝0......
The fuzzy control rule table that table 16 SBR method denitrifying carbon source adds
| CE pH | C2E pH | ||
| N | O | P | |
| Up | |||
| NB NS NO PO PS PB | 0① 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 1② 1 1 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
1. ortho states, attonity are kept in 0 expression;
2. 1 expression adds a certain amount of carbon source by step-length.
The foundation of the fuzzy control rule resulting experience of aforesaid fundamental test that places one's entire reliance upon.Concerning the control of denitrification time, has only the E of working as
ORPReach NM and NB, and CE
ORPReach NM or NB, simultaneously CE
PHReach NO or NS, could finish denitrification this moment.At first, this control law had both been avoided just having begun denitrifying the time, CE
ORPReach NM or NB, can cause CE if add acid carbon source
PHEasily erroneous judgement is for should finish denitrification when reaching NB, and this mainly is by with E
ORPBe controlled at NB, NM reaches.Secondly, when adding carbon source once more in the reaction process,, carbon source also can cause CE if showing acidity
PHReach NB or NM, and this moment E
ORPAt NB, NM should finish denitrification for avoiding erroneous judgement, has adopted the Fuzzy control system of three inputs, requires CE this moment
ORPMust reach NM or NB, avoid erroneous judgement.This just uses ORP simultaneously and the pH curve break carries out the fuzzy control of denitrification time jointly.
In denitrification process, need add once more at the carbon source deficiency, work as CE
PHBe NO or PO, and C2E
PHReach at 0 o'clock, just add carbon source, remove carbon source, promote that denitrification finishes as early as possible denitrifying restriction according to certain step-length.Here it is according to when carbon source insufficient the time denitrifying bacterium to utilize the endogenous respiration carbon source to carry out denitrifying speed very slow, show on the pH to be exactly that pH climbing speed in for some time is very little, just should add carbon source once more this moment.
The present invention is alternately aerobic/anoxic process in for the first time aeration time fuzzy control for example:
When the first order derivative of ORP during less than 0.4～0.8mV/min, can stop aeration, enter anoxic denitrification for the first time.
The fuzzy control of aeration time for the second time is for example in alternately aerobic/anoxic process:
When basicity is sufficient
When the first order derivative of pH is just changed into by negative, during and aeration time t＞2h, can think nitratedly to stop this moment, should stop aeration.If aeration time t is greater than preestablishing time T
1The time, not detecting the control signal that stops aeration yet, may go wrong by on-line sensor this moment, should stop aeration immediately.
When basicity is not enough
When DO greater than 5mg/L, during and aeration time t＞2h, the first order derivative absolute value of pH is less than 0.002min simultaneously
-1The time, can think at this moment nitrated and stop, should stop aeration.If nitrated time t is greater than preestablishing time T
1The time, not detecting the control signal that stops aeration yet, may go wrong by on-line sensor this moment, should stop aeration immediately.
The fuzzy control of churning time is given an example:
When the first order derivative of pH by the first order derivative that just changes negative or ORP into by-25～-when 20mV/min becomes less than-30mv/min suddenly, during and churning time t＞0.5h, can think that this moment, denitrification finished, should stop to stir.If churning time t ' is greater than preestablishing time T
2The time, not detecting the control signal that stops to stir yet, may go wrong by on-line sensor this moment, should stop immediately stirring.
Preestablish time T
1And T
2Determine through the actual waste water test.
Claims (5)
- A SBR method alternately aerobic/the anoxic biological denitrification process, it is characterized in that: aerobic in the sbr reactor device-anoxic, aerobic-the anoxic alternate run, adopt three sections water intake modes to remove organism and nitrogenous compound in the waste water, operation is as follows:A, water inlet operation: the inlet valve that will connect water inlet pipe is opened, and first section waste water directly enters the sbr reactor device, closes inlet valve after reaching predetermined amount;B, aerobic aeration operation I are input into aerator with pressurized air, and oxygen supply in active sludge intermixture is degraded and carried out the nitrification of nitrogenous compound organism;C, anoxia stirring operation I, open inlet valve, second section waste water enters as electron donor when sbr reactor device anoxia stirring, make the nitrite that produces in the aerobic aeration stage be converted into nitrogen through the denitrifying bacterium effect, satisfy the requirement of the required carbon source of short-cut denitrification to the waste water that is added and promptly close inlet valve, open stirrer simultaneously, total system enters the denitrification denitrogenation stage, after denitrification finishes for the first time, disconnect stirrer;D, aerobic aeration operation II: the same b of process;E, anoxia stirring operation II: the same c of process, the 3rd section waste water is still as denitrifying electron donor, be after denitrification is finished, enter aerobic nitrification stage and when end again, denitrifying carbon source during as following closely anoxia stirring adds, and makes the nitrite that generates in the reactor in time be converted into nitrogen through anoxic denitrification;F, precipitation operation: inlet valve, air intake valve, water discharging valve and spoil disposal valve are all closed at this moment;G, drainage procedure: will handle back water outside rising pipe is discharged to reactor;H, idle operation: all valves and volume pump are all closed, and the reaction tank also not draining of not intaking is in holding state.
- 2. real-time control method according to the alternately aerobic/anoxic SBR biological denitrification process of claim 1 is characterized in that:In Sewage treatment systems,, gather redox potential ORP, the signal of dissolved oxygen concentration DO and pH value by dissolved oxygen concentration DO transmitter, redox potential ORP transmitter and the on-line monitoring of pH transmitter; ORP, DO and the pH value signal gathered are imported analog digital conversion element A/D through transmitter, convert numerary signal to; Numerary signal is imported computer, through calculating, the obfuscation of manipulated variable deviation calculate, with the fuzzy control rule comparison of input in advance, adopt the fuzzy predication method of Mamdani carry out the fuzzy control reasoning, after non-Defuzzication calculates, obtain the fuzzy control variable; Convert the fuzzy control variable to control signal through digital-to-analogue conversion element D/A again; Control signal control topworks, the flooding quantity of eight steps of fuzzy control reaction tank, aeration time, churning time, aeration time, churning time, precipitation, draining and the idle timed interval for the second time for the first time in real time.
- 3, according to claim 2 alternately aerobic/real-time control method of anoxic SBR biological denitrification process, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned first time, the fuzzy control of aeration time was that first order derivative as ORP is during less than 0.4～0.8mV/min, stop aeration, enter anoxic denitrification for the first time.
- 4, according to claim 2 alternately aerobic/real-time control method of anoxic SBR biological denitrification process, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned second time, the fuzzy control of aeration time was when basicity is sufficient, the first order derivative of pH is just changed into by negative, and during aeration time t＞2h, infer nitrated termination, stop aeration;When basicity was not enough, DO was greater than 5mg/L, and during and aeration time t＞2h, the first order derivative absolute value of pH is less than 0.002min simultaneously -1The time, infer nitrated termination, stop aeration.
- 5, according to claim 2 alternately aerobic/real-time control method of anoxic SBR biological denitrification process, it is characterized in that: the fuzzy control of above-mentioned churning time be when the first order derivative of pH by the first order derivative that just changes negative or ORP into by-25～-when 20mV/min becomes less than-30mV/min suddenly, and during churning time t＞0.5h, infer that denitrification finishes, stop to stir.
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