CN1246682C - Coarse soil direct shear instrument - Google Patents
Coarse soil direct shear instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN1246682C CN1246682C CN 200310110739 CN200310110739A CN1246682C CN 1246682 C CN1246682 C CN 1246682C CN 200310110739 CN200310110739 CN 200310110739 CN 200310110739 A CN200310110739 A CN 200310110739A CN 1246682 C CN1246682 C CN 1246682C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a large strain-control and stress-control coarse-grained soil direct shear device for testing shear resistant strength of coarse-grained soil, which comprises a base, a lower shearing box, an upper shearing box, a pressure transferring plate, a rolling supporter, a horizontal loading device, and a vertical loading device installed on a transverse beam, wherein loads loaded by the vertical loading device is controlled by a displacement sensor which measures the displacement of the lower shearing box or/and the upper shearing box, the decreasing value of shearing areas is indirectly obtained by using the measured value of the displacement quantity, and the constant of vertical normal stress is dynamically kept by controlling the size of the loading force of the vertical loading device. Because the mode is adopted, the constant of the vertical normal stress can be dynamically kept, pacing factors of the test is consistent with factors of a coulomb shear resistant strength principle, which are required by theory, the distortion and the error caused by non-constant vertical normal stress are eliminated in a test result, and the direct shear test can comparatively truly reflect the actual shear resistant characteristics of rock and soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device of testing the shearing strength of coarse-grained soil, the large-scale coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus of especially strain control type and Stress Control formula.
Background technology
At present, direct shear test is the conventional art means of the shear strength parameter test of rock, soil etc.Yet because general upper and lower of cutting in the box of traditional coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus is (normally the going up box) of fixing, another is movable.When using traditional coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus to carry out rock, during the test of the shearing strength of soil etc., in process of the test along with the generation and the development of shear displacemant, shear displacemant progressively increases, activity is cut box and is departed from original position gradually, displacement of shear surface center and shear surface area progressively dwindle, and the position of vertical loading device does not change at this moment, the size that is applied to the center of cutting the vertical normal stress on the box and vertical loading power does not change yet, that is to say in order to satisfy the condition that normal stress remains unchanged in the process of the test, traditional method is constant vertical load, but dwindling gradually of shear surface must cause the corresponding of normal stress to be increased in the process of the test.The reducing of shear surface after moving caused the value of the normal stress of unit area progressively to raise and is not to be a steady state value, this and the pacing items grave fault of enclosed pasture shearing strength law, and make test findings produce distortion and error.Therefore direct shear test technological means now, technical equipment have certain gap with the theoretical condition that requires, and we can say that in the past direct shear test can not reflect rock, native actual shearing-resistance characteristic fully really.Though the minimizing of shear area is few when shear displacemant is smaller, distortion that causes and error can be accepted, and these means are still used by engineering, and distortion and error exist.When using the ultra-large type direct shear apparatus, require the maximum shear displacement big as reaching more than the 50cm or cutting a half of the box length of side greatly, problem is particularly outstanding.Remove manufacturing equipment if at this moment re-use traditional design concept and technical method, go to test, the error that causes will be very huge, and this has become the great technical barrier of this conventional art means development of restriction direct shear test and engineering application.In addition, not overlap with the center of the vertical normal stress of vertical loading device loading also be to cause a test findings distortion and a big important reasons of error at the shear surface center of causing after shear moving.In addition, traditional coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus upper and lower cut being supported in the upper and lower sidewall paneling of cutting box between the box and processes the groove that roller is installed, roller is installed in to be used in the groove supporting cuts box, but such supporting construction can't install roller cage additional on roller, make the distance between the roller change along with moving of roller easily, thereby make the discontinuity of each roller.Also enter raceway and block roller from upper and lower slit of cutting between the box easily, so quite trouble and inconvenience of operation and maintenance because of the rock of testing usefulness, ground etc.
Summary of the invention
In use be offset easily and cause the deficiency of distortion and error in the shear surface center in order to overcome existing coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus, technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus that the shear surface center is not offset in process of the test.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus, comprise base, down cut box, on cut box, pressure transmission plate, roll support, horizontal charger and be installed in vertical loading device on the crossbeam, the load that described vertical loading device loads by measure cut box down or/and on cut the displacement transducer control of box displacement; The pressure transmission plate and on cut and be provided with roller bearing row between the box, described last roller bearing row forms by being arranged on the last roller of the row of two in the twice roller bearing groove, cut down box with on cut opposite with the direction of the loading force respectively horizontal charger of box and be connected, cut down box with on cut also be provided with between the box make down cut box and on cut the equal and opposite synchronous shift device of direction of box displacement.Cut box or cut down in the box one when movable on only being, the displacement of cutting box on above-mentioned displacement transducer only need the measurement activity or cutting box down gets final product; When on cut box and cut down box and be movable, then need to measure and cut box and the relative shift of time cutting between the box; When on cut box and cut down box be movable and on when cutting box and cutting the displacement opposite sign but equal magnitude of box down, both can only measure the displacement that cut box or cut box down, also can measure and cut box and the following relative shift of cutting between the box.Utilize the measured value of this displacement promptly to obtain the value that reduces of shear area indirectly,, can make that vertical normal stress is dynamic to keep constant in order to the size of the loading force of control vertical loading device.The synchronous shift device can guarantee effectively that its shear surface center does not produce skew, has so promptly locked the shear surface center.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows,, make vertical normal stress to keep constant dynamically owing to adopted the mode of size that reduces to be worth and to control the loading force of vertical loading device of measuring shear area by displacement transducer indirectly with this measured value; The synchronous shift device has locked the shear surface center, can guarantee effectively that its shear surface center does not produce skew.Like this, pass through abovementioned technology, the term harmonization of the pacing items of its test and the theoretical enclosed pasture shearing strength law that requires, make in the test findings owing to vertical normal stress is non-constant and the shear surface off-centring produces distortion and error are eliminated, direct shear test can reflect the actual shearing-resistance characteristic of rock, soil more really.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a control principle block scheme of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the control principle block scheme of a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the front view of coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the left view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged drawing at Fig. 3 A place.
Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged drawing at Fig. 4 B place.
Fig. 7 is the partial enlarged drawing at Fig. 4 C place.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, shown in Figure 7, coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus of the present invention, comprise base 1, down cut box 2, on cut box 3, pressure transmission plate 4, roll support 5, horizontal charger 9 and be installed in vertical loading device 7 on the crossbeam 6, the load that described vertical loading device 7 loads by measure cut down box 2, on cut the absolute displacement of box 3 or cut down box 2 with on cut the relative displacement between the box 3 sensor 31 control.Pressure transmission plate 4 and on cut and be provided with roller bearing row 8 between the box 3, cut down box 2 with on cut opposite with the direction of the loading force respectively horizontal charger 9 of box 3 and be connected.Cut down box 2 and on cut box 3 be movable, by horizontal charger 9 be applied to down cut box 2 and on cut the opposite horizontal loading force of direction on the box 3, cut down box 2 and on cut box 3 and do rightabout mobile; When horizontal charger 9 be applied to down cut box 2 and on cut horizontal loading force ratio on the box 3 when suitable, can reach cut down box 2 and on cut box 3 the absolute displacement amount equate and sense of displacement is opposite, thereby its shear surface center can not produce skew, so promptly locked the shear surface center.For further locking shear surface center, described cut down box 2 with on cut also be provided with between the box 3 make down cut box 2 and on cut the equal and opposite synchronous shift device 12 of direction of box 3 displacements.This synchronous shift device 12 can be by closed-loop control commonly used realizations such as servomechanism installation, hydraulic follow-up device, also can realize, as shown in Figure 3 by mechanical mode.Cut box or cut down in the box one when movable on only being, the displacement of cutting box on above-mentioned displacement transducer only need the measurement activity or cutting box down gets final product; When on cut box and cut down box and be movable, then need to measure and cut box and the relative shift of time cutting between the box; When on cut box and cut down box be movable and on when cutting box and cutting the displacement opposite sign but equal magnitude of box down, both can only measure the displacement that cut box or cut box down, also can measure and cut box and the following relative shift of cutting between the box.Utilize the measured value of this displacement promptly to obtain the value that reduces of shear area indirectly,, can make that vertical normal stress is dynamic to keep constant in order to the size of the loading force of control vertical loading device.
Above-mentioned displacement transducer 31 can be any one in rheostat, sensor transformer, inductosyn, grating, magnetic grid, appearance grid, the ball bar.Described displacement transducer 31 be arranged on detect cut down box 2 and on cut on the surface that relatively moves between the box 3, the position of its detection can be cut down box 2 and on cut between the outside surface of box 3, also can be and cut down box 2 and on cut between other surfaces of box 3 displacement synchronous, as long as can measure above-mentioned displacement accurately and conveniently.
The displacement signal that described displacement transducer 31 measures is by existing signal processing circuit 32 computings and processing and after amplifying circuit 33 amplifies, and the control circuit 34 of delivering to vertical loading device 7 is used to control the size of the loading force of vertical loading device 7.Vertical loading device 7 can be a hydraulic jack, stepper motor, servomotor or other machinery loading devices, when vertical loading device 7 adopts hydraulic jack, above-mentioned control circuit 34 is a hydraulic control circuit, the displacement signal that displacement transducer 31 measures is by existing signal processing circuit 32 computings and processing and after amplifying circuit 33 amplifies, be electrically connected with the electric-hydraulic proportion pressure valve 35 in the hydraulic control circuit, in order to the unlatching ratio of control electric-hydraulic proportion pressure valve 35, be connected the purpose of the size that reaches the loading force of controlling vertical loading device 7 by the oil circuit between the hydraulic jack of electric-hydraulic proportion pressure valve 35 and vertical loading device 7.
Described horizontal charger 9 can be act on down respectively cut box 2 and on cut the charger of box 3, as two oil cylinders that adopt the servomechanism installation control of usual use come respectively with cut down box 2 with on cut box 3 and be connected, in order to promote down to cut box 2 with on cut box 3 and make direction on the contrary but the identical motion of absolute displacement amount; Also can utilize acting force and reacting force equal and opposite in direction and the opposite principle of direction, adopt screw pair, hydraulic jack equal power device to be used as horizontal charger 9.When adopting hydraulic jack as horizontal charger 9, the cylinder body 10 of described hydraulic jack and piston rod 11 respectively with under cut box 2, on cut box 3 and link to each other, thereby make cut down box 2 with on cut the effect that box 3 is subjected to equal and opposite in direction, direction opposite effect power and reacting force, thereby reduced the shear surface off-centring that the generation with shear displacemant produces, as shown in Figure 3.
When adopting mechanical mode, described synchronous shift device 12 can be arranged on cut down box 2 with on cut parallel following of box 3 direction of motion cut box 2 and on cut box 3 side 13, can just on a side 13, be provided with, but preferably on two sides 13, all be provided with simultaneously, help acting on equilibrium of forces like this.This synchronous shift device 12 comprises and is fixed on the upper rack of cutting on the box 3 14, be fixed on down following tooth bar 15 and the while and upper rack 14 and following tooth bar 15 meshed gears 16 of cutting on the box 2, gear 16 skies are enclosed within on the stationary shaft 17, stationary shaft 17 is fixed on the side fine strain of millet 18, this side fine strain of millet 18 is connected as a whole with crossbeam 6 and base 1, thereby when any one tooth bar in upper rack 14 or the following tooth bar 15 moves, the capital is by making another tooth bar move same distance in the opposite direction with its meshed gears 16, cut box 3 and the purpose of cutting box 2 synchronous backward displacements down so reached, as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.
Described rolling support 5 be arranged on time cut box 2 with on cut parallel following of box 3 direction of motion cut box 2 and on cut on two sides 13 of box 3, it comprises and is fixed on the upper support 19 of cutting on the box 3, is fixed on down lower support 20 and the roller 21 cut on the box 2; Upper support 19, lower support 20 are arranged along its direction of motion opposing parallel, upper support 19, lower support 20 relative faces are provided with the raceway groove 23,24 adaptive with roller 21, at least being provided with two rollers 21 in a raceway groove, generally is a plurality of rollers by certain length discharging.Described roller 21 is provided with roller cage 22, roller cage 22 is the usual thin-slab construction that adopts, its be provided with quantity with roller 21 suitable, by the spaced rectangular opening of certain distance, the length of rectangular opening is slightly larger than the length of roller 21, and the width of rectangular opening is slightly less than the diameter of roller 21.Like this, roller cage 22 is placed on the roller, makes roller pass rectangular opening on it, make that the distance between roller 21 and the roller 21 keeps constant by roller cage 22, thus make each roller 21 stressed evenly, as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.
In addition, for reduce local cross component force on cut box 3 and cut the interference and the influence of the direction of motion of box 2 down, coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus of the present invention also is provided with guide position limiter 25, and described guide position limiter 25 is fixed on the side fine strain of millet 18 and passes through roller 26 and the contacts side surfaces of upper support 19 or lower support 20.By the contacts side surfaces of roller 26, play effect spacing and guiding, as shown in Figure 6 with upper support 19 or lower support 20.
Described upward roller bearing row 8 goes up roller 27 by two rows in the twice roller bearing groove 29,30 that is arranged on the upper and lower back up pad and forms, and roller bearing row 8 is gone up in upper and lower back up pad and roller 27 formation.Every row goes up on the roller 27 and is provided with roller cage 28, last roller cage 28 also is the usual thin-slab construction that adopts, its be provided with quantity with last roller 27 suitable, by the spaced rectangular opening of certain distance, the length of rectangular opening is slightly larger than the length of roller 27, and the width of rectangular opening is slightly less than the diameter of roller 27.Like this, will go up roller cage 28 and be placed on the roller 27, and make roller 27 pass rectangular opening on it, and make the distance that goes up between the roller 27 keep constant, thereby make the stressed even of roller 27 each on, as shown in Figure 7 by last roller cage 28.
Embodiment: as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, shown in Figure 7, coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus of the present invention, comprise base 1, down cut box 2, on cut box 3, pressure transmission plate 4, roll support 5, horizontal charger 9 and be installed in vertical loading device 7 on the crossbeam 6, the load that described vertical loading device 7 loads by measure cut down box 2 with on cut the relative displacement between the box 3 sensor 31 control.Utilize the measured value of this displacement promptly to obtain the value that reduces of shear area indirectly,, can make that vertical normal stress is dynamic to keep constant in order to the size of the loading force of control vertical loading device.
Coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus of the present invention, described pressure transmission plate 4 and on cut and be provided with roller bearing row 8 between the box 3, cut down box 2 with on cut opposite with the direction of the loading force respectively horizontal charger 9 of box 3 and be connected.Cut down box 2 and on cut box 3 be movable, by horizontal charger 9 be applied to down cut box 2 and on cut the opposite horizontal loading force of direction on the box 3, cut down box 2 and on cut box 3 and do rightabout mobile.
Described horizontal charger 9 adopts hydraulic jack, the cylinder body 10 of described hydraulic jack and piston rod 11 respectively with under cut box 2, on cut box 3 and link to each other, above-mentioned displacement transducer 31 adopts sensor transformers, and described displacement transducer 31 is provided with on the surface between cylinder body 10 and the piston rod 11, as shown in Figure 3.
Described cut down box 2 with on cut also be provided with between the box 3 make down cut box 2 and on cut the equal and opposite synchronous shift device 12 of direction of box 3 displacements.Described synchronous shift device 12 be arranged on cut down box 2 with on cut parallel following of box 3 direction of motion cut box 2 and on cut on the side 13 of box 3, and on two sides 13, all be provided with simultaneously.This synchronous shift device 12 comprises and is fixed on the upper rack 14 cut on the box 3, is fixed on down the following tooth bar 15 cut on the box 2 and simultaneously and upper rack 14 and following tooth bar 15 meshed gears 16, gear 16 skies are enclosed within on the stationary shaft 17, stationary shaft 17 is fixed on the side fine strain of millet 18, this side fine strain of millet 18 is connected as a whole with crossbeam 6 and base 1, as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.
Described two roll to support 5 be arranged on time cut box 2 with on cut parallel following of box 3 direction of motion cut box 2 and on cut on two sides 13 of box 3, it comprises and is fixed on the upper support 19 of cutting on the box 3, is fixed on down lower support 20 and the roller 21 cut on the box 2; Upper support 19, lower support 20 arrange along its direction of motion opposing parallel, and upper support 19, lower support 20 relative faces are provided with the raceway groove 23,24 adaptive with roller 21, are provided with a plurality of rollers by certain length discharging in a raceway groove.Described roller 21 is provided with roller cage 22, roller cage 22 is the usual thin-slab construction that adopts, its be provided with quantity with roller 21 suitable, by the spaced rectangular opening of certain distance, the length of rectangular opening is slightly larger than the length of roller 21, and the width of rectangular opening is slightly less than the diameter of roller 21.Like this, roller cage 22 is placed on the roller, makes roller pass rectangular opening on it, make that the distance between roller 21 and the roller 21 keeps constant by roller cage 22, thus make each roller 21 stressed evenly, as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.
Coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus of the present invention also is provided with guide position limiter 25, and described guide position limiter 25 is fixed on the side fine strain of millet 18 and passes through roller 26 and the contacts side surfaces of upper support 19 or lower support 20.By the contacts side surfaces of roller 26, play effect spacing and guiding, as shown in Figure 6 with upper support 19 or lower support 20.
Described upward roller bearing row 8 goes up roller 27 by two rows in the twice roller bearing groove 29,30 that is arranged on the upper and lower back up pad and forms, and roller bearing row 8 is gone up in upper and lower back up pad and roller 27 formation.Every row goes up on the roller 27 and is provided with roller cage 28, last roller cage 28 also is the usual thin-slab construction that adopts, its be provided with quantity with last roller 27 suitable, by the spaced rectangular opening of certain distance, the length of rectangular opening is slightly larger than the length of roller 27, and the width of rectangular opening is slightly less than the diameter of roller 27.Like this, will go up roller cage 28 and be placed on the roller 27, and make roller 27 pass rectangular opening on it, and make the distance that goes up between the roller 27 keep constant, thereby make the stressed even of roller 27 each on, as shown in Figure 7 by last roller cage 28.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus, comprise base (1), under cut box (2), on cut box (3), pressure transmission plate (4), roll and support (5), horizontal charger (9) and be installed in vertical loading device (7) on the crossbeam (6), the load that described vertical loading device (7) loads by measure cut box (2) down or/and on cut displacement transducer (31) control of box (3) displacement, it is characterized in that: pressure transmission plate (4) and on cut and be provided with roller bearing row (8) between the box (3), the described roller bearing of going up is arranged (8) by being arranged on twice roller bearing groove (29,30) two rows in go up roller (27) and form, cut down box (2) with on cut opposite with the direction of the loading force respectively horizontal charger (9) of box (3) and be connected, cut down box (2) with on cut also be provided with between the box (3) make down cut box (2) and on cut the equal and opposite synchronous shift device (12) of direction of box (3) displacement.
2, coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described displacement transducer (31) be arranged on detect cut down box (2) and on cut on the surface that relatively moves between the box (3).
3, coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described displacement transducer (31) is electrically connected with the control circuit (34) of vertical loading device (7) by signal processing circuit (32), amplifying circuit (33).
4, coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described vertical loading device (7) is a hydraulic jack, described control circuit (34) is a hydraulic control circuit, displacement transducer (31) is electrically connected with electric-hydraulic proportion pressure valve (35) in the hydraulic control circuit by signal processing circuit (32), amplifying circuit (33), and oil circuit is connected between the hydraulic jack of electric-hydraulic proportion pressure valve (35) and vertical loading device (7).
5, coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described displacement transducer (31) is any one in rheostat, sensor transformer, inductosyn, grating, magnetic grid, appearance grid, the ball bar.
6, coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described horizontal charger (9) is a hydraulic jack, the cylinder body of described hydraulic jack (10) and piston rod (11) respectively with under cut box (2), on cut box (3) and link to each other.
7, coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described synchronous shift device (12) be arranged on cut down box (2) with on cut parallel following of box (3) direction of motion cut box (2) and on cut the side (13) of box (3), it comprises and is fixed on the upper rack (14) cut on the box (3), is fixed on down the following tooth bar (15) cut on the box (2) and simultaneously and upper rack (14) and following tooth bar (15) meshed gears (16), gear (16) sky is enclosed within on the stationary shaft (17), and stationary shaft (17) is fixed on the side fine strain of millet (18).
8, coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rolling support (5) be arranged on time cut box (2) with on cut parallel following of box (3) direction of motion cut box (2) and on cut on two sides (13) of box (3), it comprises and is fixed on the upper support (19) of cutting on the box (3), is fixed on down lower support (20) and the roller (21) cut on the box (2), upper support (19), the corresponding face of lower support (20) are provided with and the adaptive raceway groove (23,24) of roller (21), are provided with two rollers (21) in a raceway groove at least.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310110739 CN1246682C (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Coarse soil direct shear instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310110739 CN1246682C (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Coarse soil direct shear instrument |
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| CN1529144A CN1529144A (en) | 2004-09-15 |
| CN1246682C true CN1246682C (en) | 2006-03-22 |
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| CN 200310110739 Expired - Fee Related CN1246682C (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Coarse soil direct shear instrument |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101637040B1 (en) | 2009-04-14 | 2016-07-07 | 타이코에이엠피 주식회사 | displacement sensor |
| CN102478473A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-30 | 天水红山试验机有限公司 | Microcomputer control electro-hydraulic servo large bidirectional direct shear apparatus |
| CN102252917A (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2011-11-23 | 大连理工大学 | Midsize direct shear apparatus with non-lever type loading |
| CN102313673B (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2012-12-26 | 北京交通大学 | Full-automatic, digital and large frozen soil direct shear apparatus |
| CN103512812A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-01-15 | 三峡大学 | Shear strength dereferencing method for coarse-grained soil direct shear test |
| CN103850996B (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-02-10 | 湖州市南浔祥龙木业制造厂 | The hydraulic control system of wood flooring constant voltage press |
| CN107991197B (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2024-02-06 | 华东交通大学 | Shearing box structure and normal loading device of large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus |
| CN109781620B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-08-17 | 长安大学 | Asphalt cohesion determination method |
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