CN1246587A - Power transmission equipment - Google Patents
Power transmission equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1246587A CN1246587A CN 98118818 CN98118818A CN1246587A CN 1246587 A CN1246587 A CN 1246587A CN 98118818 CN98118818 CN 98118818 CN 98118818 A CN98118818 A CN 98118818A CN 1246587 A CN1246587 A CN 1246587A
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Abstract
A mechanical and/or electric power transmission equipment integrates the power transmission unit with transmission action redistributing mechanism, which can redistribute the optimal speed segments in the speed range of power transmission unit, or remap to initial speed (including static and low speed) for optimal state. For the mechanical mode, a rotary gear chain is said redistributing mechanism. For the electromagnetic mode, a rotary current converter is said redistributing mechanism. Its power transmission unit is an electromagnetic device, which can recover power in both mechanical and electric modes.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of power transmission of controlling, particularly relate to the power transmission that a kind of machinery that can the optimum state one power source be produced or electric driving force are sent to a load, the power that it transmitted can satisfy the characteristic requirement of required specific mechanical of load or electric driving force in the whole operation velocity range.
Power (or power) is flowing of time per unit self-energy, or a unit of measurement of institute's work done.Electric driving force for generally household, factory and for example the aerial contact line institute of electric railroad can obtain easily, can supply a kind of power of various uses.On the other hand, by such as prime mover (prime mover) consumption of fossil fuels of internal combustion engine etc. and the machine power that provides with the form of primary mechanomotive force (raw motive power), also be power resources very easily.In the applicable cases of reality, be two kinds of power sources conveniently obtaining.
" power " speech usually refers to the power of machinery or electrical form.In explanation of the present invention, " power transmission " speech refers to widely that with machinery or electric driving force transmitting becomes machinery or electric driving force.What the power that apparatus of the present invention are carried out transmitted controls, and therefore its power form of being correlated with has promptly comprised the power form of machinery with two kinds of electric driving forces.
When considering the power capacity of machinery and electric two kinds of forms, four kinds of possible power transfer modes (power transmission modes) can be arranged just altogether.In general term, for example in the drive system purposes of vehicle, machine power to mechanokinetic transmits, and being commonly called is that machine power transmits.Electric driving force transmits to mechanokinetic, when using electric motor, is called as electric notor power (electric motoring).On the contrary, machine power is transmitted when becoming electric driving force, then be called as the generating (electric generating) of electric driving force when using generator.Electric driving force generally then can involve the adjustment variation of voltage and frequency etc. to the transmission of electric driving force.In frequency was zero extreme case, the AC electric driving force promptly became the DC electric driving force.
The demand that transmits for power is based on a simple reason.The source of power promptly is provided, no matter be machinery or electric power source, the time regular meeting need the load of consumption of power under the condition that can't directly mate, produce its power output.Usually, the correlation properties factor of power source and its load has comprised moment and rotating speed under the mechanokinetic situation, include frequency and voltage under the situation of electric driving force.For the use of machinery with electric driving force, efficient is an important factor.For example, consider the enormous quantity of global employed internal combustion engine powered vehicle, even if the small size enhancement of vehicle power source and transmission efficiency also can be directly changed into the consumption of a large amount of saving fossil fuels.In the extreme purposes such as electric motor car, the bottleneck on the energy-storage battery science and technology makes the efficient of electrical drive system, become that system considers one key factor very.
Internal combustion engine needs gearbox (rtansmission) that the adjusting of moment-rotating speed is provided, so that can meet the driving demand of driving wheel of vehicle.Traditional vehicle internal combustion engine engine can't provide driving moment when zero rotating speed, yet vehicle but need be begun to quicken to advance by static speed.This expression, the internal combustion engine that can only operate in a limited speed range (not comprising zero rotating speed) but is to need to drive it to load on the interior action of a full operation velocity range (comprising zero velocity).Automobile gearbox promptly is to be used for carrying out machine power to transmit, and the while also provides necessary moment-rotational speed regulation conversion.But, the orthodox car automatic transmission case based on the torque converter (torque converter) of being furnished with the multistage gear has its shortcoming.This type of gearbox need use accurate complicated fluid logic valve mechanism (fluid logicvalve mechanism), so that one group switching combination in control torque converter and the three or four groups of gear trains with different gear ratios.In a typical gearbox, in gear trains of its many groups, only need one group of performance function simultaneously, all the other all be idle commentaries on classics need not, thereby increased the overall weight of vehicle, and typical torque converter is on the low side in low efficient of operating in the speed range.
The motor (it is existing to be electric motor) that moves down in motor mode (motoring mode) can provide zero rotating speed moment, but this moment, its efficient was extremely low.In the motor-driven system of high-power, its poor efficiency that starts rotating speed has produced the problem of heat radiation, so its low speed power must reduce, to avoid because of overheated motor being caused nonvolatil damage.Though the power electric drive system such as PWM (pules-width modulation) (power electronics drives) can be expanded the speed range of operation of conventional motor really, and improve its integrated operation efficient, but this type of electric drive system is normally quite complicated and with high costs.
The motor that moves as generator under generating mode (generating mode) also is the speed range that is taken at its machine power input.For example, drive the wind turbine (wind trubine) of generator, its operation must be subject to minimum wind speed.Below the minimum wind speed, its generator system is if possibility also is to be difficult to produce family or the acceptable AC electric power of industrial use at this.
Therefore, when considering, when can be used for transmitting the machine of machinery and electric driving force with general context, traditional drive system, no matter be transmission for vehicles, electric motor actuator or generator all need bear the low energy efficiency characteristic issues in the low speed range of operation.Unfortunately, low-speed handing is the unescapable operational circumstances of this each power-driven system actually.Such as traffic congestion the time in some operational circumstances of vehicle gear box, its slow-revving inefficient characteristic, consider the huge number of vehicles that locks among the laager, the air-polluting problem can worsen on a large scale, most of vehicle gear box, though can in the operation speed range (a normally high-revolving end) of its part, be adjusted to its optimal operations efficient, but can't in the scope of full operation rotating speed, all reach its best efficiency characteristic.Adopt the electric motor actuator of the electronically controlled power electronic system of numerical digit, comparable really simple motor in the whole operation speed range, promotes the performance of integral body.But, to build be comparatively complicated and expensive to the power electronic motor control system.
For these reasons, can in its whole operation speed range, provide the power transmission of optimum operation performance that its needs are arranged.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power transmission, realize that one or more power transmission reach the high effect of transmission efficiency thereby can in the whole operation speed range, carry out the power transmission with optimum efficiency.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of power transmission promptly is provided, includes a power transmission (power-transmitting means) and the heavy dispensing device (transmission interaction redistribution means) of a power transmission effect.Its power transmission includes one first transmitting effect element and one second transmitting effect element, and it is connected with input, and accepts external power with an input angular velocity.Each operates first and second transmitting effect element with first and second angular velocity respectively, to transmit power by the effect between first and second power transmission functional element.Transmitting effect weighs dispensing device and power transmission and exports both entire combination together.Power transmission effect when power transmission is operated under first and second angular velocity is to be reassigned in the output by the heavy dispensing device of transmitting effect, and output then is delivered to external loading with an output angle speed with power.
In machinery type of the present invention, the power transmission with characteristics of the present invention includes a power transmission and a turnover dentition (epicyclic gear train).Its power transmission includes a driving element and a driven element, and it is connected with input shaft, and accepts external machine power with an input angular velocity.Each operates the driving of power transmission and driven element with first and second angular velocity respectively, to transmit power by the effect between driving and the driven element.The turnover dentition then includes a gear, second gear and the 3rd gear, and when first gear is fixed static rotation the and the 3rd gear when being driven in rotation, second gear rotates with the direction identical with the 3rd gear, and its angular velocity is less than the 3rd gear.The 3rd gear is connected to the driving element of power transmission, and second gear is connected to the driven element of power transmission, and first gear then is connected to output shaft.Power transmission effect with the power transmission that drives and be driven the angular velocity operation had enough to meet the need dentition to reassign on the output shaft, and output shaft is delivered to external loading with an output angle speed with machine power.
In machinery type of the present invention, the power transmission with characteristics of the present invention includes an electromagnetic power transmitting set and a rotary converter (rotary commutator).Its electromagnetic power transmitting set includes first electromagnetic element and one second electromagnetic element.Its electromagnetic power transmitting set is accepted external power with an input angular velocity, and first and second electromagnetic element is respectively respectively with first and second angular velocity operation, to transmit power by the effect between first and second electromagnetic element.Rotary converter can be magnetized first electromagnetic element, itself and with first and second electromagnetic element entire combination of electromagnetic power transmitting set together.Rotary converter is operated so that magnetize first electromagnetic element with a change of current angular velocity, and sets up one first rotating magnetic field in first electromagnetic element, and the angular velocity of one second rotating magnetic field that its angular velocity of rotation and second electromagnetic element are set up is synchronous.The electromagnetic power transmitting set with the synchronous angular velocity of first and second rotating magnetic field under when operating, its power transmission electromagnetic action is rotated changer and reassigns on the output, and output then passes boundary device with power by electromagnetic power with an output angle speed and is delivered to external loading.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe embodiments of the invention in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a general dynamic conveying means schematic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the standardization angular velocity of a power transmission and the graph of a relation between the equivalent gear ratio;
Fig. 3 is the standardization angular velocity of general dynamic conveying means among Fig. 1 and the graph of a relation between the equivalent gear ratio;
Fig. 4 is a general dynamic conveying means among Fig. 1, and it has other and plants the different structure setting, the graph of a relation between its standardization angular velocity and the equivalent gear ratio;
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are respectively standard planet dentition, spur wheel planet dentition and differential dentition, when respectively being used the heavy distributing mechanism of transmitting effect as a kind of machinery type of the power transmission of building Fig. 1, it respectively forms the angular velocity graph of a relation between the gear;
Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are respectively standard planet dentition, spur wheel planet dentition and differential dentition, during the heavy distributing mechanism of the transmitting effect that is provided with when its another kind of structure of a kind of machinery type that respectively is used as the power transmission of building Fig. 1, it respectively forms angular velocity relation between the gear;
Figure 11 forms for the structure of a kind of universal machine mode of power transmission of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the machinery type of the power transmission of Figure 11, the perspective view of a kind of embodiment when it adopts a kind of coaxial configuration;
Figure 13 is the machinery type of the power transmission of Figure 11, the perspective view of a kind of embodiment when it adopts a kind of parallel axes structure;
Figure 14 is the machinery type of the power transmission of Figure 11, and it adopts the perspective view of variable pitch awl belt wheel driver as a kind of embodiment of power transmission device;
Figure 15 is the machinery type of Figure 13, and it compares graph of a relation with power transmission with angular velocity/gear that the two places coupling together of the heavy dispensing device entire combination of effect has a kind of parallel axes setting of different gear ratios;
Figure 16 is the machinery type of Figure 13, and angular velocity/gear that its two places coupling that power transmission and the heavy dispensing device of effect are fitted together has the another kind of parallel axes setting of different gear ratios compares graph of a relation;
Figure 17 is a balanced lever system in the planet dentition, and wherein the power transmission of the machinery type of Figure 13 is accepted machine power, with the schematic representation by sun gear output;
Figure 18 is a balanced lever system in the planet dentition, wherein the power transmission of the machinery type of Figure 13 be with respect to the opposite kinetic current of situation among Figure 17 to operation chart;
Figure 19 is a power transmission of the present invention, and it adopts the sectional view of induction motor as the machinery type of power transmission device;
Figure 20 is in the electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention, and its power transmission device compares graph of a relation with the equivalent angle speed/gear of the heavy distributing mechanism element of effect;
Figure 21 is a kind of universal electromagnetic mode schematic representation of the power transmission of Fig. 1;
Figure 22 is universal electromagnetic mode one embodiment's of Figure 21 a sectional view, and its electromagnetic assembly is a polyphase windings, and its magnetization heavily to distribute the electromagnetism winding be an AC armature;
Figure 23 is universal electromagnetic mode one embodiment's of Figure 21 a sectional view, and its electromagnetic assembly is a polyphase windings, and its magnetization heavily to distribute the electromagnetism winding be a DC armature;
Figure 24 is universal electromagnetic mode one embodiment's of Figure 21 a sectional view, and its electromagnetic assembly is an electromagnet winding, and its magnetization heavily to distribute the electromagnetism winding be an AC armature;
Figure 25 is universal electromagnetic mode one embodiment's of Figure 21 a sectional view, and its electromagnetic assembly is an electromagnet winding, and its magnetization heavily to distribute the electromagnetism winding be a DC armature;
Figure 26 is universal electromagnetic mode one embodiment's of Figure 21 a sectional view, and its electromagnetic assembly is a permanent magnet assembly, and its magnetization heavily to distribute the electromagnetism winding be an AC armature;
Figure 27 is universal electromagnetic mode one embodiment's of Figure 21 a sectional view, and its electromagnetic assembly is a permanent magnet assembly, and its magnetization heavily to distribute the electromagnetism winding be a DC armature;
Figure 28 is in the electromagnetic mode applicable to power transmission of the present invention, the tectonic maps of its a kind of mechanical type rotary converter;
Figure 29 is in the electromagnetic mode applicable to power transmission of the present invention, the circuit tectonic maps of its a kind of power electronic formula rotary converter;
Figure 30 is a kind of electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention, and its energy that is applied to electric railway is given birth to the circuit system figure in the formula drive system again.
The reference number table of comparisons
R planet dentition ring gear radius
S planet dentition sun gear radius
S
LSpur wheel planet dentition large sun gear radius
S
SSpur wheel planet dentition Sunny tooth radius
X gear ratio
Y standardization angular velocity
ω angular velocity
100 power transmissions
101 input speed lines
101
AInput speed line through slowing down
101
REngine speed line through reduction
102 output speed lines
103 driven element speed lines
103
ADriven element speed line through slowing down
103
RBearer rate line through slowing down
The output speed point of 105 50% gear ratios
110 power transmission devices
First functional element of 111 power transmission devices
Second functional element of 112 power transmission devices
The heavy dispensing device of 120 power transmission effects
The input of 131 power transmissions
The output of 132 power transmissions
141 male parts
142 male parts
171 input couplers
172 output couplers
181 external power supplys
182 external loadings
The power transmission of 200 machinery types
The power transmission of 210 machinery types
The driving element of the power transmission of 211 machinery types
The driven element of the power transmission of 212 machinery types
213 drive belts
216 permanent magnets
The heavy dispensing device of 220 mechanical transfer effects, the turnover dentition
221 turnover dentitions, first gear
222 turnover dentitions, second gear
223 turnover dentitions the 3rd gear
224 turnover dentition pinion gears
Imagination lever in 225 pinion gears
226 bearings
231 input rotating shafts
232 output revolving shafts
240 belt drive
241 coupling devices
242 coupling devices
243 belts
245 belt pulleys
246 belt pulleys
The power transmission of 300 electromagnetic modes
The electromagnetic power transmitting set of 310 electromagnetic modes
The driven element of the electromagnetic power transmitting set of 311 electromagnetic modes
The driving element of the electromagnetic power transmitting set of 312 electromagnetic modes
315 changer rings
316 permanent magnets
The winding of the driving element of 317 electromagnetic mode electromagnetic power transmitting sets
The winding of the driven element of 318 electromagnetic mode electromagnetic power transmitting sets
319 winding arrays
319
1Winding in the winding array
319
1AThe terminal of winding in the winding array
319
1BThe terminal of winding in the winding array
319
2Winding in the winding array
319
2AThe terminal of winding in the winding array
319
2BThe terminal of winding in the winding array
319
NWinding in the winding array
319
NAThe terminal of winding in the winding array
319
NBThe terminal of winding in the winding array
320 rotary converters
321 conduction carbon brush
322 carbon brush holders
323 carbon brush shell of tanks
325 semiconductor switch arrays
325
1ASemiconductor switch
325
1BSemiconductor switch
325
1CSemiconductor switch
325
1DSemiconductor switch
325
2ASemiconductor switch
325
2BSemiconductor switch
325
2CSemiconductor switch
325
2DSemiconductor switch
325
NASemiconductor switch
325
NBSemiconductor switch
325
NCSemiconductor switch
325
NDSemiconductor switch
326 semiconductor switch trigger the mark bus
327 induction installations
The control logic of 328 electronic type rotary converters
331
EThe electric input of electromagnetic mode power transmission
331
MThe machinery input of electromagnetic mode power transmission
332
EThe electric output of electromagnetic mode power transmission
332
MThe machinery input of electromagnetic mode power transmission
333 bearing meanss
The 350 slip ring mechanisms of commutation components exciting bank not
The 351 fixedly carbon brush of commutation components exciting bank slip ring mechanism not
352 slip rings of commutation components exciting bank slip ring mechanism not
The electric driving force supply network of 353 electromagnetic power transmitting set driving element inside
The slip ring mechanism of 360 commutation components exciting banks
The fixedly carbon brush of 361 commutation components exciting bank slip ring mechanisms
The slip ring of 362 commutation components exciting bank slip ring mechanisms
The electric driving force supply network of 363 electromagnetic power transmitting set driven element inside
The electrical connection of 364 carbon brush holder body body walls
380 Railway Electric locomotives are given birth to the system logic of the electrical system of formula driving group again
381 give birth to the external power supply of formula driving group again
382 give birth to the external loading of formula driving group again
385 contact lines
386 bow collectors
387 one to one transformers
The preferred application pattern of power transmission of the present invention will be illustrated below.Before describing various embodiments of the present invention in detail, some item must be clarified, and some noun must define.
Power transmission of the present invention has an input and an output.When power transmission of the present invention carried out the transmission of power, its input can be accepted power by an external power supply, and its output is sent to power on one external loading.With regard to power transmitted a speech, device of the present invention can be suitable for transmitting general power, comprising the power of machinery with electrical form.In various embodiment of the present invention, machinery or electric driving force can input to power transmission by an external power supply, and this power transmission can be exported machinery or electric driving force to external loading.
Institute is with among the most of embodiments of illustrational the present invention in the back, and power transmission of the present invention also can carry out the transmission of power in the opposite direction, no matter the form of its power is a machinery or electric.In other words, except by the normal power transfer operation of being carried out on the direction that inputs to output, same device of the present invention also can carry out the transmission of power in the other direction, thereby allows that the system that uses power transmission of the present invention carries out the operation that power is given birth to again.For example, by entire combination a kind of electric to the machine power conveying means in the driving of Railway Electric tractor headstock system, the ability that its reverse power transmits can make locomotive head can carry out the brake operation that the energy is given birth to formula again.
In addition, for the present invention is described, it is a kind of special circumstances of heterogeneous AC electric driving force that the DC electric driving force is taken as.In other words, the DC electric driving force is that frequency is a single-phase AC electric driving force of zero.It in fact is the AC electric driving force that a kind of polarities of potentials never changes.
General dynamic conveying means (Generalized Power Transmission apparatus)
According to power transmission of the present invention, to utilize a power transmission device and the heavy distributing mechanism of a transmitting effect, both entire combination constitute together.With regard to the structure of power transmission of the present invention, its heavy utilization that distributes machinery, with and with the combination of power transmission device, two levels are arranged on its basic concepts.At first, be used the power transmission device that constitutes apparatus of the present invention, the power transmission effect between its functional element has been carried out to be redistributed.Secondly, redistributing of this kind power transmission effect can be limited to the operating range of power transmission device in its best performance range.Redistributing of the qualification operating range of power transmission device makes the output of apparatus of the present invention be contained whole output speed scope, comprising static startup rotating speed.
Schematically shown general dynamic conveying means of the present invention among Fig. 1.Power transmission 100 has comprised the heavy dispensing device 120 of a power transmission 110 and a power transmission effect.In each is graphic, notice in the back among each the similar embodiment with the power transmission of the present invention that describes in detail, identical reference number is used to indicate the element with equivalent power, wherein some element, its function is equivalence mutually, but its structure is quite different.
Generally speaking, power transmission 110 is made of the functional element 111 and 112 of two power transmission at least, and first element wherein transmits on power to the second element, so that reach the effect of its power transmission.The power that is transmitted in power transmission 110 is the input 131 by installing 100, is received by an external power supply 181 parts.Power transmission 110 and heavy dispensing device 120 entire combination of power transmission effect together, to constitute power transmission.Power transmission 110 is promptly redistributed in the output 132 of auto levelizer by the heavy dispensing device 120 of power transmitting effect, and is transported to an external loading 182 from the received power of external power supply 181.
Power transmission 100 among Fig. 1 can processing machine and the power of electric two kinds of forms.When the received power of device of the present invention was machine power, device 100 input 131 was a running shaft, and the mode that it can mechanical connection is connected on the external power supply 181.In such cases, external power supply 181 is for can produce the motive mechanical power source of mechanicalness, and input coupler 171 then is a kind of mechanical coupler.When the received power of device of the present invention was electric driving force, the input 131 of device 100 was one group of electric lead, and its mode that can be electrically connected is couple on the external power supply 181.In such cases, external power supply 181 is an electric power source that can produce electric driving force, and input coupler 171 then is a kind of electric coupler.
At output terminal, when its outputting power is machine power, the output 132 of device 100 is a running shaft, its can mechanical connection mode be connected on the external loading 182, in such cases, external loading 182 is for consuming mechanicalness load of mechanokinetic, and output coupler 172 then is a kind of mechanical coupler.When the outputting power of device 100 was electric driving force, its output 132 was one group of electric lead, and its mode that can be electrically connected is couple on the external loading 182.In such cases, external loading 182 is for consuming an electrical load of electric driving force, and output coupler 172 is a kind of electric coupler.
Illustrate in the drawings, in the inside of power transmission 100, the entire combination between the element of the element of power transmission 110 and the heavy dispensing device 120 of power transmission effect for example, is reached entire combination by two male parts 141 and 142.According to the specific practice form of device 100, this each male part can be machinery or electrical couplings part.
When the actual property of the application of seeking basic idea of the present invention, its feasible practice can roughly be distinguished two kinds.According to the internal actions principle of the power transmission that is constituted, the present invention can have machinery and two kinds of practices of electromagnetism.In the machinery type of power transmission of the present invention, power that its power transmission carried out transmits, with and in output, by redistributing that the heavy dispensing device of effect is carried out, reach by mechanism.Relative, in the electromagnetic mode of apparatus of the present invention, its power transmission is redistributed by electromagnetic action.
These two kinds of practices have all used a power transmission effect heavily to distribute machinery.With regard to electromagnetic mode, it must be the motor that moves according to electromagnetic theory in order to the power transmission device that constitutes apparatus of the present invention, though this motor today widely used conventional motors on structure detail, may change to some extent.Electromagnetic action in power transmission device with do with the weight dispensing device combine so that reach the function of power transmission of the present invention.
On the other hand, in order to constitute the power transmission of machinery type of the present invention, its power transmission device can be various power transmissions, though its structure detail may change different with its pairing conventional version to some extent.The mechanical power transmission effect utilizes mechanicals efforts, integrally redistributes on the output shaft of auto levelizer with the mechanism of heavy dispensing device.The power transmission device that is suitable for constituting the machinery type of apparatus of the present invention has comprised motor, and it moves as the mechanical power transmitting set simply, is similar to the hydraulic pressure torque converter and is used situation as power transmission device on function.
The machinery type of power transmission of the present invention is transmitted mode applicable to machinery to mechanokinetic.The power transmission of the various electromagnetic modes of the present invention can be applicable to extremely machinery, electric to machinery, the extremely electric and electric mode that transmits to electric driving force of machinery of machinery respectively.
The mechanical power transmission mechanism that is suitable for constituting power transmission of the present invention can have multiple different change type.Many kinds by the mechanical power transmission mechanism and the mutation thereof of commercial Application checking, all can be suitable for.These include, for example, the hydraulic pressure installation (hydraulic devices) of hydraulic coupler (fluid coupler) and torque converter (torque converter) etc., such as eddy-current clutch (eddy-current clutch), the calutron of the induction motor (induction machine with permanent magnet field element) of generator-motor group (generator-motor set) and employing permanent magnet fields element etc.The modification mutation pattern of existing machinery formula power transmission device also is operable.For example, existing torque converter design characteristics can be modified, so that its optimal operations characteristic promptly is an efficiency characteristic, can appear at its speed end, so that can be applicable to power transmission of the present invention especially.Though owing to emphasize the cause of high speed performance, it is more inferior that its low-speed performance may become, the power transmission of the present invention that has used the modified torque converter of this kind to be constituted, its torque converter need not operated in low-speed range.On the other hand, be suitable for constituting the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism of power transmission of the present invention, it can generate electricity and produce the motor of motor power basically based on electromagnetic theory.Many kinds of existing versions of this motor, such as the AC induction motor, DC motor/generator, or its revision separately are all applicable to the present invention.
Before the basic concepts that detailed description effect of the present invention heavily distributes, at first with reference to figure 2.Fig. 2 illustrates the standardization angular velocity of a power transmission and the relation between the equivalent gear ratio.In this coordinate system, transverse axis, i.e. x axle is represented the equivalent gear ratio of power transmission device, and the longitudinal axis, i.e. and y axle is represented the standardization angular velocity of the anabolic action element of power transmission device, no matter it is the rotation essence for mechanical type or electromagnetic type.The equivalent gear of one power transmission device is than the angular velocity resulting quotient of the angular velocity that is defined as its output divided by input.On the other hand, the standardization angular velocity of arbitrary functional element of power transmission device is defined as the angular velocity of this particular element divided by the resulting angular velocity quotient of a predetermined reference angular velocity.
So, with regard to the impeller (impeller) of a torque converter, this standardization angular velocity can be to utilize vane angle speed divided by outside the selected reference angular velocities that drives the torque converter internal combustion engine, the selected reference angular velocities of internal combustion engine can be, for example its specified horsepower output.If engine is directly to drive the torque converter impeller, this standardization angular velocity of impeller is one, and this is a kind of situation of a unit normalized angular velocity.On the other hand, the turbine of this torque converter (turbine), it is under identical reference angular velocities, and the measured standardization angular velocity that gets always can be less than one.With regard to the rotor situation of an AC motor, this standardization angular velocity is to be the angular velocity with rotor shaft, divided by its by the angular velocity of the frequency conversion gained of the AC power supplies of feed-in, and the quotient that obtains.Among most commercial power networking, this power supply frequency is to be 60 or 50 hertz (Hz) under the general situation.
Notice power transmission of the present invention originally as a power transmission device, its characteristic also can utilize Fig. 2 to be illustrated.So, suppose that an external power supply is with one fixing 100% the quota angular velocity input transmitting power to power transmission device, as horizontal input speed line 101 representatives among the figure, then the equivalent gear that the output of this power transmission device promptly can transverse axis is than being parameter, and depicts in coordinate system.The angular velocity of output promptly can utilize an output speed line 102 to be representative, is depicted as than function as the gear of power transmission device.For example, than being under 0.5 the situation, output is the speed action in input 50% at equivalent gear, as point 105 representatives on the output speed line 102 among the figure.Notice when output with angular velocity when operation greater than input, its gear can be greater than one than also, perhaps when the sense of rotation of output with import when opposite, its gear ratio also can be negative.
In the general power transmission device that is used as the mechanical power transmission system, the time regular meeting need make the driven element of its function as system output, can in a complete velocity range, move.In order in such as the application area of vehicle traction (vehicle propulsion), to obtain actual purposes; its complete velocity range can need to comprise the static beginning speed (stall speed) that opens usually; that is, speed/gear of Fig. 2 than figure in, gear is than this spot speed that is zero.So, in the automotive transmission situation based on the hydraulic pressure torque converter, the velocity range of transducer turbine just must extend downwardly into the static initial point that opens, and advances so that can make vehicle be started by static state.Unfortunately, as in the present technique widely known, with regard to general torque converter, low secondary speed representative be low energy efficiency.
Each power transmission device that is suitable for constituting power transmission of the present invention all has a driving element and a driven element.When action, its driving element utilizes the transmitting effect between the two elements and drives driven element.In machinery type of the present invention, its power transmission device can rely on the power transmission device that mechanical friction power is moved for a kind of, as same torque converter, perhaps it can be a kind of power transmission device that moves according to the electromagnetic coupling principle, as same induction motor.In electromagnetic mode of the present invention, its power transmission device can be the motor of certain form of moving for foundation motor and generator principle.No matter be that a kind of situation, this power transmission device is to combine with the heavy distributing mechanism of a transmitting effect, so that the redistributing of power transmission effect, apparatus of the present invention can be provided, and exclusive showing enhancement power transmission characteristic.
In the time of in being incorporated into device of the present invention, one power transmission device can only be operated in a selected less scope paragraph in its whole operation velocity range, and the output of allowing apparatus of the present invention is simultaneously covered its whole speed range of operation, has comprised the static speed that opens the beginning.This kind can select a less velocity range paragraph ability, and make power transmission device can avoid it and comprised the static beginning speed that opens, obviously be relatively poor low speed part according to its operating efficiency.Power transmission of the present invention has been used the effect of a power transmission effect and has been redistributed mechanism, its according to the back with the explanation mode and can reach this kind effect.
Fig. 3 illustrates the standardization angular velocity of general dynamic conveying means among Fig. 1 and the relation between the equivalent gear ratio.In Fig. 2, its transverse axis is represented equivalent gear ratio, and the longitudinal axis is represented the functional element angular velocity of device.Article one, input speed line 101 is represented the input speed of power transmission, and wherein the outside power source 181 of supposition is to provide power to fix 100% rated angular velocity to the input 131 of this power transmission.The output 132 of power transmission needs to contain to have comprised the static whole operation velocity range that opens beginning speed, as output speed line 102 representatives.Power transmission rationally and an actual complete operation velocity range can comprise on the output speed line 102 line segment by an A to B, it is corresponding to comparing scope by a gear of zero to 1 on the x axle.
In the general dynamic conveying means of Fig. 1, according to the different arrangement of its input structure, input 131 can be connected to the driving element 111 of power transmission device 110 or be driven on 112.In a kind of machinery type of the power transmission of Fig. 1, suppose that the driving element 111 of its power transmission device 110 is connected to the input 131 of device.This driving element 111 is with along the fixed speed of the horizontal velocity line 101 of Fig. 3 and the power of accepting to import, when its driven element 112 is driven, and the speed point on the driven element speed line 103 and moving.Output speed line 102 among Fig. 3 is represented the angular velocity of power transmission output shaft 132.
So, simultaneously with reference to figure 1 and Fig. 3, in order to allow the output 132 of machinery type of power transmission to a complete velocity range of gear ratio, operate by zero, as on the output speed line 102 by a line segment representative person that A to B defined, move in the velocity range of the line segment representative that the driven element 112 of power transmission device 110 just must be defined by a C to B on driven element speed line 103 accordingly.Power transmission by the output speed scope of an A to B, is for putting on the input speed of input on 131 on output speed line 102, its by zero to one of 1 complete output speed scope.Corresponding to this complete output speed scope, 112 of the driven elements of power transmission device 110 need move in a little velocity range and get final product, and for example, are about 75 to 100% of driving element 111 speed.In order to reach this kind effect, the power transmission effect heavily distributes machinery 120 to combine with power transmission device 110, so that can carry out redistributing of this kind velocity range, with regard to identical meaning, is the mapping again for velocity range perhaps.
Fig. 4 illustrates general conveying means among Fig. 1, and it has the setting of another kind of different structure, the relation between its standardization angular velocity and the equivalent gear ratio.With the driving element 111 of Fig. 3 medium power transmission mechanism 110 be connected to the input 131 of device different be that in the arrangement of Fig. 4, the driving element 111 of power transmission device 110 directly is not connected to the input 131 of device.On the contrary, in the arrangement of Fig. 4, the input 131 of device is connected to driven element 112.In such cases, the speed line 103 of driven element 112, representative is the input speed line of power transmission now.The idea of the whole velocity range that is redistributed into power transmission 100 of a bit of speed range of operation of power transmission device 110, be still the same at the explanation that Fig. 3 carried out with the front, unique therebetween difference only is that driven element 112 is to be maintained at fixing service speed, and driving element 111 then is to change its speed along with the change of the equivalent gear ratio of power transmission.
By contrast, in the situation of electromagnetic mode, the input 131 of device always is connected to the driving element 111 that is incorporated into electromagnetic power transmission mechanism 110 in the power transmission.In a kind of electromagnetic mode of the general dynamic conveying means of Fig. 1, an electromagnetic power transmission mechanism 110 of motor form, no matter the equivalent gear ratio of device output is why, its driving element 111 and driven element 112, the both operates under unequal angular velocity.So, in the electromagnetic mode situation of power transmission, the idea that transmitting effect is redistributed has become a fixing operation speed with power transmission device 110, but not a speed is among a small circle redistributed in the whole operation velocity range of auto levelizer 100.With the same in the situation of machinery type, the fixing operation speed of the power transmission device 110 of electromagnetic mode also is the speed that can be chosen to be optimum operation conditions.
For example, the driving element of an electromagnetic power transmission mechanism can be a motor field element (field element) that can produce rotating magnetic field.On the other hand, its driven element can be an armature (armature), and it heavily distributes the magnetic winding assembly for producing with a kind of magnetization with another magnetic field of driving element same angular velocity rotation.In such cases, in Fig. 3, driven element speed line 103 becomes with input speed line 101 and overlaps.In other words, speed line 101 these interval scales be used both angular velocity of electromagnetic power transmission mechanism 110 driving elements 111 of building apparatus of the present invention and driven element 112.Output speed line 102 is still represented the angular velocity of device output 132, and among the situation of electromagnetic mode, line 103 is non-existent.Under this kind situation, Fig. 3 is reduced to Fig. 2 in fact, and Fig. 2 is more suitable for illustrating the electromagnetic mode of apparatus of the present invention.
With regard to the electromagnetic mode of apparatus of the present invention, each self-magnetic field of driving element and driven element must both be synchronous mutually, just as the situation in general A C syncmotor.In an AC syncmotor, its permanent magnet rotor or its equivalent electro-magnet rotor must be with the rotating magnetic field synchronous speed rotations that is produced with the field winding.If break away from synchronously, just can cause the locked situation of motor rotor between the two.By contrast, in the machinery type of power transmission of the present invention, between the driving of its power transmission device and driven element, must there be slippage (slip) to exist, as the situation in torque converter.The driven element normal speed is to reach 100% of driving element speed.
Notice in involving apparatus of the present invention that electric driving force transmits, the transverse axis representative among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 be the frequency proportions that inputs or outputs the AC electric driving force.Its equivalent gear ratio, i.e. ratio between AC output and the input power frequency is transverse axis.The machinery type of power transmission (Mechanical Implementation)
So, shown general dynamic conveying means of the present invention among Fig. 1 can provide good performance at the low speed end in its whole operation velocity range.For example, can carry out the power transmission machinery type of machinery to mechanical mode, perhaps in the apparatus of the present invention that can carry out the electric electromagnetic mode that transmits to mechanical mode power, it goes for the purposes of driver for vehicle, its good low-speed performance represents that the structural complexity of the driving system (drive train) of vehicle can lower, but still can enjoy preferable low speed efficient simultaneously.
The preferred embodiment of the machinery and the electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention will be described below.
The machinery type of power transmission of the present invention is defined as adopting and combining a power transmission device and a mechanical transfer device that weighs distributing mechanism.These two constituent elementss according to notions of the present invention and together by entire combination so that can constitute a kind of power transmission that can carry out the transmission of machinery to machinery mode power.With the heavy distributing mechanism of mechanical transfer effect can be a kind of simple turnover dentition.This turnover dentition can be the standard planet dentition (planetary gear train) with a ring gear, or do not have the spur wheel planet dentition (all-spur planetary gear train) of ring gear, or differential dentition (differential gear train).With regard to the purpose that the mechanical type of power transmission effect is redistributed, it is the turnover dentition that this each dentition all can be taken as.
Heavily distribute machinery as a mechanical type transmitting effect, the planet dentition of standard is to carry one group of a kind of dentition of a plurality of pinion gears for a kind of the employing with a carrier frame (carrier framework), and this kind can allow that with the structure that carrier is carrying pinion gear ring gear and sun gear both rotate with respect to carrier.With regard to same meaning, spur wheel planet dentition also is a kind of a kind of dentition of carrying one group of a plurality of pairs of pinion gear (double pinion) with a carrier frame that adopted, and its carrier can be allowed big and Sunny gear both rotates with respect to carrier.Same, differential dentition is a kind of a kind of dentition of carrying one group of a plurality of pinion gear with a carrier frame that adopted, its carrier can allow that its two bevel gear all rotates with respect to carrier.In the following description, the carrier of pinion gear is called the carrier gear easily.
A kind of uniqueness of power transmission machinery type of the present invention and necessary characteristic be for, when transmitting power when its operation, be used as the used gear of the turnover dentition of the heavy dispensing device of effect with and the wandering star carrier all in rotation.Though standard planet dentition, spur wheel planet dentition and differential dentition structurally seem different mutually, and it is equivalent (topologicallyequivalent) in geometrical construction.In order to reach the heavy distribution function of its effect in power transmission of the present invention, the carrier gear of three kinds of dentitions utilizes its pinion gear, can allow its two other gear, no matter be the ring gear and the sun gear of standard planet dentition, or the big or small sun gear of spur wheel planet dentition, perhaps the dual-side bevel gear of differential dentition all is able to and the pinion gear engagement, so that according to the respectively speed that geometrical construction determined and the direction rotation of this dentition.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 be display standard planet dentition respectively, spur wheel planet dentition and differential dentition, when respectively being used the heavy distributing mechanism of transmitting effect as a kind of machinery type of the power transmission of building Fig. 2, it respectively forms angular velocity relation between the gear.At Fig. 5, among Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, transverse axis also represents the output of power transmission to input gear ratio, and the longitudinal axis then represents the gear of each dentition through the angular velocity after the standardization.
In the dentition of Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the velocity relationship between each teeth parts can utilize the equation of motion of turnover dentition to represent, and this equation can be derived with geometrical construction according to the gear size of this dentition respectively.For example, in the situation of the standard planet dentition of Fig. 5, suppose that the radius of its ring gear is R, and the radius of its sun gear is S.If the angular velocity of ring gear is maintained at as the normalizated unit speed as shown in the input speed line 101 among Fig. 5, sun gear is allowed at the x axle direction along output speed line 102, by 1 to the one flat gear specific rate point of the zero gear specific rate point-to-point B at an A place and change its speed linearly, like this then angular velocity sun gear that mark with the y axle is ω
s=x, what parameter X wherein represented is the gear ratio.In such cases, the carrier gear is with the represented angular velocity omega of speed line 103
cJust can be according to formula ω
c=(Sx+R)/(R+S) determine.Staticly open the beginning during state when what sun gear was in an A place, the carrier gear is to be ω in the speed of a C
1=R/ (R+S).At the other end, when sun gear was driven the ring gear speed that arrives some B part, the carrier gear was with the speed rotation identical with annulus wheel and sun gear at this moment.In fact, under the state of the flat gear ratio of a B, three all gears are to rotate with unequal angular velocity.
With regard to the turnover dentition of other two kinds of patterns, wherein also have similar velocity relationship.For example, be example with spur wheel planet dentition among Fig. 6, the radius of supposing its large sun gear is S
L, and the radius of its Sunny gear is S
SIf the angular velocity of carrier gear is maintained at the shown normalizated unit speed of input speed line 101, and the Sunny gear is allowed at the x axle direction along output speed line 102, by the flat gear specific rate point of the zero gear specific rate point-to-point B at an A place and change its speed linearly, then the angular velocity of the Sunny gear that marks with the y axle is ω
Ss=x.At this moment, large sun gear just can be according to formula ω with speed line 103 represented angular velocity
SL=(S
S 2X+S
L 2-S
S 2)/S
1 2And determine.Staticly open the beginning during state when what the Sunny gear was in an A place, large sun gear is in the speed omega of a C
2Be to be (S
L 2-S
S 2)/S
L 2
As shown in Figure 7, have among the differential dentition situation of two symmetries and big or small identical bevel gear, if the angular velocity of one of them bevel gear is maintained at the normalizated unit speed shown in the input speed line 101, another bevel gear is then allowed at the x axle direction along output speed line 102, change its speed linearly by the flat gear specific rate point of the zero gear specific rate point-to-point B at an A place, then angular velocity of this output bevel gear that indicates with the y axle is ω
B1=x.The carrier gear is along the angular velocity omega of speed line 103 at this moment
cJust can be according to formula ω
c=(x+1)/2 decide.An A place is static opens the beginning during state when the output bevel gear is in, and the carrier gear is for first bevel gear speed half in the speed of a C.
The front view of Figure 11 shows the structure composition of a kind of universal machine mode of power transmission of the present invention.Device 200 among the figure includes a mechanical power transmitting set 210 and is used as one of the heavy dispensing device of mechanical transfer effect and has enough to meet the need dentition 220.Notice Figure 11 do not show power transmission 210 composed component and the turnover dentition 220 teeth parts between constructivity be combined with details.Opposite, the combination between the element is only showed in a schematic way, and it is only just in order to show as correlation between the element of two constituent elementss 210 and 220.Structure therebetween is to decide according to the component construction size of stream oriented device 210 and 220 in conjunction with details, and in the back to after being described in detail in conjunction with condition between the two, the situation of its combination just can be easy to obtain to understand.
Usually, the structure of mechanical power transmitting set 210 can include at least two transmitting effect elements 211 and 212.Be to be driving element one of in this two elements, it is operated to drive angular velocity, and gives another element with mechanical power transmission, promptly to be driven the driven element of angular velocity operation.Effect between driving and driven element 211 and 212 can make mechanical power transmitting set 210 reach the function of its power transmission.
The machine power of being transmitted in mechanical power transmitting set 210 is to be received by an external power supply place by installing an input rotating shaft 231 of 200.Mechanical power transmitting set 210 and heavy dispensing device 220 entire combination of mechanical transfer effect together, to constitute power transmission of the present invention.The machine power that mechanical power transmitting set 210 is received by the external power supply place is promptly redistributed on the output revolving shaft 232 of auto levelizer 200 by the heavy dispensing device 220 of mechanical transfer effect, and is sent to an exterior mechanical load again.The heavy dispensing device 220 of mechanical transfer effect is a turnover dentition, and it includes one first gear, 221, one second gears 222 and one the 3rd gear 223.When first gear 221 is fixed static rotation the and the 3rd gear when being driven in rotation, second gear 222 is with the direction rotation identical with the 3rd gear 223, and its angular velocity is less than the 3rd gear.The relation of this kind angular velocity between the teeth parts of epicyclic train appears at all three kinds of angular velocity/gears of Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 to Figure 10 than in the graph of a relation, and this relation has been showed the angular velocity relation between the different dentition teeth parts that respectively have different input arrangements.In each figure of Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 to Figure 10, if its first, the second and the 3rd gear is respectively all followed speed line 102,103 and 101, then the gear between the mid point A to B of each figure just all can meet the requirement of above-mentioned velocity relationship than scope.Wherein, the ω among Fig. 8
s=x, ω
c=(Sx+R+S)/and R, ω
3=(R+S)/R; ω among Fig. 9
SS=x, ω
SL=(S
S 2X+S
L 2)/(S
L 2-S
S 2), ω
4=S
L 2/ (S
L 2-S
S 2); Among Figure 10: ω
B1=x, ω
B2=2-x.
For mechanical power transmission means 210 and turnover dentition being combined, so that constitute the device of a kind of machinery type of power transmission of the present invention, the 3rd gear 223 of periphery dentition is connected to the driving element 211 of power transmission 210, driven element 212, the first gears 221 that second gear 222 is connected to power transmission are connected to output shaft 232.
In Figure 11, the driven element 212 of power transmission 210 utilizes a kind of coupling device 242 and is connected to the second of turnover dentition, that is, and and carrier gear 222.On the other hand, 211 of driving elements utilize coupling device 241 and are connected to the 3rd of turnover dentition, that is, and and ring gear 223.With respect to device for the longitudinal axis of its input and output revolving shaft 231 and 232 central axis, because power transmission 210 is symmetrical with the structure that has enough to meet the need dentition.So two direct-coupled devices 241 and 242 too can be along the longitudinal axis and symmetry.But, except the direct coupling system shown in the figure, other forms of coupling device, such as the coupled modes of gears and belt transmission etc., as the back also be feasible with declarative description.
Mechanical power transmitting set 210 is respectively to drive and the driving element 211 and driven element 212 that are driven the angular velocity operation, power transmission effect is between the two had enough to meet the need dentition and is re-assigned on the output shaft 232, and output shaft 232 then is transported to external loading with an output angle speed with machine power.
As aforementioned, standard planet dentition, spur wheel planet dentition and differential dentition, so long as be used in the present invention as the heavy dispensing device of mechanical transfer effect, all can be taken as is a kind of turnover dentition.So, in the embodiment of the machinery type of apparatus of the present invention of Figure 11, the turnover dentition can be to be standard planet dentition, spur wheel planet dentition, or differential dentition.
Owing to have enough to meet the need the cause of dentition geometrical construction characteristic applicable to the various types of the machinery type that constitutes apparatus of the present invention, heavy dispensing device of effect and the mutual entire combination of transporting the transmitting set element are to utilize different structural arrangements to reach.But, all these different combination arrangements still must accord with principle of the present invention between both elements, although this different arrangement can cause a little change on the equipment energy characteristic.Anyway, notice that all combination arrangements applicatory all must meet aforementioned relevant for the velocity relationship requirement between the teeth parts of dentition.Specific, in the turnover dentition that is used as the heavy dispensing device of the effect in the machinery type of apparatus of the present invention, do not rotate and its 3rd gear when rotating when its first gear is fixed, the sense of rotation of its second gear must be consistent with the 3rd gear and its rotating speed be lower than the 3rd gear.
So, when a standard planet dentition was used as transmitting effect weight dispensing device, its structure promptly included a sun gear, a ring gear, and a carrier gear that is carrying the pinion gear of suitable quantity.In a kind of arrangement, be to be sun gear as first gear 221 of the standard planet dentition of power transmission output shaft 232 as the machinery type of power transmission of the present invention shown in Figure 11.Second gear 222 that is connected to the driven element 212 of power transmission 210 is to be the carrier gear, and the 3rd gear 223 that is connected to driving element 211 is ring gear.In another kind structure was arranged, first gear 221 that is used as the output 232 of apparatus of the present invention was to be ring gear.Second gear that is connected to the driven element 212 of power transmission 210 is to be the carrier gear, and the 3rd gear 223 that is connected to driving element 211 is sun gear.
Similarly, under the situation of spur wheel planet dentition, in its a kind of arrangement, be to be the Sunny gear as first gear 221 of the dentition 220 of the output shaft 232 of power transmission.Second gear 222 that is connected to the driven element 212 of power transmission 210 is to be large sun gear, and the 3rd gear 223 that is connected to driving element 211 then is the carrier gear.In another kind structure is arranged, be to be the carrier gear as dentition first gear 221 of the output shaft 232 of power transmission.Second gear 222 that is connected to the driven element 212 of power transmission 210 is to be large sun gear, and the 3rd gear 223 that is connected to driving element 211 then is the Sunny gear.
When a differential dentition in Figure 11, when being used as the heavy dispensing device 220 of effect, it includes an a pair of bevel gear and a carrier gear that has carried the suitable quantity pinion gear.The structure that has symmetry when this differential dentition, that is, when the size of two bevel gears was consistent, this power transmission had only a kind of arrangement of entire combination effectively.As first gear 221 of the differential dentition of power transmission output shaft 232 of the present invention is one of in two bevel gears.Second gear 222 that is connected to power transmission 210 driven elements 212 is to be the carrier gear, and what be connected to driving element 211 the 3rd gear 223 then is another one in two bevel gears.
When considering the performance characteristics of apparatus of the present invention, the turnover dentition of aforementioned three kinds of patterns, each two kinds of its each turnover dentition are different from the essence difference between arranging, can be since respectively the difference of the gear size structure in this dentition cause.In other words, the ring gear of standard planet dentition and the relative size size of sun gear, and the relative size size of the Sunny gear of spur wheel planet dentition and large sun gear, once determined to have adopted the respectively performance characteristics of the power transmission of this dentition respectively.
When constituting the machinery type of power transmission of the present invention according to mode illustrated in fig. 11, power transmission 210 combines with structure between the heavy dispensing device 220 of transmitting effect, can adopt the mode of direct coaxial combination or the combination of parallel deviate axle.With regard to the arrangement of coaxial combination, device 200 input and output shaft 231 and 232 can be mutually to just on an identical axis, whole device then can be built becomes a kind of less relatively closely structure.On the other hand, the structure arrangement of parallel axes then can be suitable for having out-of-alignment input and output shaft, such as the power transmission device of variable pitch awl belt wheel driver (variable-pitch cone-pulley drive) etc.The structure arrangement of parallel axes also can be suitable for using different final gears than this each power transmission of the present invention of adjusting, as back institute with the situation that illustrates.Figure 12 and 13 shows coaxial respectively and structure arrangement parallel axes.
Figure 12 shows the machinery type of the power transmission of Figure 11, the perspective view of a kind of embodiment when it adopts a kind of coaxial configuration.In this perspective view,, be used power transmission and the heavy dispensing device of transmitting effect respectively as apparatus of the present invention such as a power transmission 210 and a standard planet dentition of hydraulic coupler.Notice details such as the gear that do not manifest the tooth element in this perspective view and engagement, also show in order to the various bearing that each rotatable member is supported in the location to display.Only show among the figure power transmission device 210 and the turnover dentition element between the space correlation.
This kind coaxial in conjunction with arrangement in, power transmission 210 and the heavy dispensing device of effect 220 both symmetry center axis are for overlapping mutually, and also align with the central axis of input shaft 231 and output shaft 232.The driving element of hydraulic coupler, impeller utilizes a coupling framework 241 and is connected directly on the ring gear 223 that is fixed on dentition.Driven element 212, i.e. turbine, then directly be fixedly connected on dentition carrying on the carrier gear 222 of pinion gear 224.Carrier gear 222 couples axle 242 with one and is connected to driven element 212.In this example, because carrier gear 222 does not need the gear engagement with any other, therefore can not be made into the form of gear, so, in the arrangement of the coaxial combination of this kind, the ring gear 223 of the impeller of hydraulic coupler and planet dentition rotates synchronously, and its turbine then rotates synchronously with carrier gear 222.
Figure 13 shows the machinery type of the power transmission of Figure 11, a kind of embodiment's perspective view when it adopts a kind of parallel axes structure.The machinery type of Figure 13 has adopted power transmission identical with the device of Figure 12 and the heavy dispensing device of transmitting effect.Similarly, in this perspective view, details such as gear meshing, and break away from bearing etc. and also do not display.In this kind parallel axes arrangement, the impeller of hydraulic pressure coupling device 210 and turbine also are to utilize suitable mechanical coupler and the ring gear 223 and carrier gear 222 that are connected to the planet dentition respectively.Though do not display among the figure, this each mechanical coupler can be, and for example, formed wheel tooth on each element peripheral surface is so that formative gear engagement between two element of coupling matches mutually.If spatial condition has and needs, also can use an idle gear (idler gear) between each element that needs are coupled.Perhaps, also can use belt transmission that mechanical coupling necessary between the two elements is provided.
Figure 14 shows a kind of machinery type of the power transmission of Figure 11, and it adopts with a drive belt 213 and comes the perspective view of the variable pitch awl belt wheel driver of transferring power as a kind of embodiment of power transmission device.Because the cause of the spatial configuration of this kind belt driver, the driven element 212 of power transmission 210 promptly, is driven belt pulley, must be installed in to be parallel to driving element, i.e. and the axle center of driving element belt pulley, and in the rotating shaft that departs from out with it.Drive pulley utilizes the axle center and directly is connected with the ring gear 223 of planet dentition.Be driven another belt drive 240 that belt pulley then is to use belt 243, couple with the carrier gear 222 of planet dentition.For simple cause, this second belt drive 240 can be to adopt a fixed knot of belt pulley 245 and 246 apart from belt drive.Belt pulley 246 directly is connected on the carrier gear 222 of planet dentition.Among another kind of example,, also can utilize an idle gear to provide the mechanicalness of equivalence to connect if do not use second belt drive 240.Notice and do not show the mechanism that is responsible for the modulation drive pulley and is driven the belt pulley pitch in graphic.
At Figure 12, among 13 or 14 the embodiment,, can utilize suitable shell to come to provide necessary protection to whole power transmission according to specific purposes.In addition, the turnover dentition that is utilized as the heavy dispensing device of effect may need the shell of a sealing to come its gear is kept suitable lubricating.
Non-coaxial, be in the parallel axes structure of Figure 13, when utilizing gear that the element of power transmission 210 is provided and acting on necessary mechanicalness between the element of heavy dispensing device 220 and couple, gear between the pairing of two couplings does not need one to be decided to be one to one than therebetween, i.e. the gear ratio of a unit.Same situation also is applicable to the parallel axes arrangement such as the Figure 14 that adopts belt to couple.Among the situation of using belt to couple, the ratio of the pitch of two belt pulleys equals the gear ratio at this.Difference between the gear ratio of two couplings can be utilized to a governing factor as the final gear ratio of adjusting power transmission of the present invention.What Figure 15 was shown promptly compares graph of a relation for the angular velocity/gear of this kind arrangement.For example, among the parallel axes arrangement of Figure 13, wherein adopted hydraulic coupler or torque converter as power transmission 210, its driven element 212 be with than the coupling wheel of driving element 211 and the 3rd gear 223 of turnover dentition than for little gear ratio, and couple with second gear 222.
In the parallel axes device of the Figure 13 that has adopted Figure 15 structure arrangement, suppose the hydraulic coupler impeller, be coupled to the ring gear 223 of planet dentition with one to one gear ratio along input speed line 101, so that both are able to the unequal angular velocity rotation.Simultaneously, 212 gears with 3/2 of turbine compare and are coupled to carrier gear 222, so that the angular velocity of turbine only is 2/3rds of carrier gear 222.The ring gear of supposing in addition the planet dentition again is 3/1 with the gear ratio of sun gear.This kind arrangement can make the output revolving shaft 232 of power transmission.Be the sun gear 221 of planet dentition, be able to reach the rotating speed that is almost a final gear ratio of three along output speed line 102.This expression, when the transmission power hydraulic pressure coupling device 210 among the process of an acceleration, by speed line 103
AOn some C place, about 50% equivalent gear ratio, quicken point of arrival D place about 100% o'clock, the output revolving shaft 232 of device just can be operated in the velocity range the some B of the triple speed degree of importing rotating shaft 231 by the static speed point A on the output speed line 102 a correspondence.This is the final gear ratio of three times of rotating speeds of equivalent power conveying means 200.
Than the structure arrangement of Figure 15, consider that the device among Figure 13 is arranged for the situation of velocity relationship figure shown among Figure 16.The turbine that makes hydraulic coupler with one to one flat gear than on the carrier gear 222 that is couple to the planet dentition, so that both are able to the same angular velocity rotation.On the other hand, impeller is couple to ring gear 223 with 8/7 gear ratio, so that the angular velocity of impeller is along speed line 101
AAnd be 7/8ths (0.875) of ring gear 223, with respect to input speed line 101, this is 7/8 reduction gear ratio.Again the ring gear of once supposing the planet dentition is 3/1 with the gear ratio of sun gear.This kind system can make the output revolving shaft 232 of power transmission, i.e. the sun gear 221 of planet dentition is reached that to be equivalent to only be the rotating speed of a final gear ratio of 0.5.So, when 85.7% (0.75/0.875) the equivalent gear ratio of the hydraulic coupler that transmits power by the some C part on the speed line 103, quicken point of arrival D place about 100% o'clock, the output shaft 232 of device just can be operated in the velocity range the some B of a half speed of input rotating shaft 231 by the static speed point A on the output speed line 102 a correspondence.This is the final gear ratio that is equivalent to 0.5 times of rotating speed of power transmission.
So, adopt the different structure arrangements that couple the gear ratio between the element of power transmission and the heavy dispensing device 220 of effect, as in Figure 15 and 16 describe respectively, on function, be equivalent to the apparatus of the present invention that adopted coaxial arrangement, add a final gear again than the function after adjusting level.Though the arrangement of parallel axes textural than coaxial complexity this, but its advantage then is, when the velocity range of its output speed scope and input quite the time, the arrangement of parallel axes can not need extra gear acceleration and deceleration level, just can carry out simple final gear than adjusting.
At power transmission of the present invention, it utilizes and a power transmission device and to be had enough to meet the need dentition combines in a kind of machinery type that is constituted, no matter notice it is that the driving element or the driven element of power transmission device all can be used as the input of device, so that accept the machine power that external power supply provides.Use the input as device of the driving element of mechanical power transmission device or driven element, difference between the two is the less difference between the output performance characteristic of device.If with Fig. 5, angular velocity relation and Fig. 8 among Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 between the teeth parts of shown turnover dentition, the corresponding relation among Fig. 9 and Figure 10 compares mutually, and then this species diversity promptly becomes obvious.Light Difference therebetween is owing to the angular velocity that input shaft will be remained on Chang Ding is caused with the benchmark of keeping a comparison.
Representing standard planet dentition, spur wheel planet dentition and differential dentition are used the Fig. 5 as the heavy distributing mechanism of active force of power transmission respectively, in the situation of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the 3rd gear of each turnover dentition wherein is connected to the driving element of power transmission device.So the 3rd gear of each turnover dentition promptly is the input as power transmission, for accepting external machine power, and as Fig. 5, input speed line 101 representatives among Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.By contrast, with regard to Fig. 8, the situation of Fig. 9 and Figure 10, each turnover dentition is to be connected to the input of driven element second gear of power transmission device as device with it, for accepting external machine power, as the person of input speed line 103 representatives among the figure.Relatively can show a fact mutually between the turnover dentition of these three kinds of patterns, promptly when operating under the angular velocity of the power transmission device different driving in each two kinds of structure arrangement mode and driven element, can make the performance characteristics of power transmission that skew is arranged slightly at it.
When noticing first, second and the 3rd gear when definition turnover dentition, the appointment of this three gear must meet a certain conditions, promptly when first gear be fixed and keep static when not changeing if rotate the 3rd gear, then the sense of rotation of second gear must be consistent with the 3rd gear, and its rotating speed is also less than the 3rd gear.Six of universal machine mode of the present invention kinds of structure arrangements among Figure 11 are described as Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 to Figure 10, can be categorized as three kinds of turnover dentition patterns, meet each two set constructor arrangement that above-mentioned specific speed relation requires.The pattern of these three kinds turnover dentitions also respectively has two groups and can accord with the arrangement that the aforesaid gears velocity relationship requires.
Its first group of arrangement corresponding to Fig. 5 to Fig. 7, it can utilize among first kind in three kinds of arrangements of this three figure, is exchanged mutually and obtains with the teeth parts of speed line 101 and 102 representatives.Its second group of arrangement corresponding to Fig. 8 to Figure 10, it can utilize among in three kinds of arrangements of this three figure each, is exchanged mutually and obtains with the teeth parts of speed line 101 and 102 representatives.For example, respectively with the ring gear and the sun gear of speed line 101 and 102 representatives, both can exchange mutually in Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, represent sun gear to make speed line 101, and speed line 102 is then represented ring gear.In the arrangement that each was exchanged, with the gear speed equation of speed line 103 representatives, also can be because of its C point being moved on the longitudinal axis and also so to some extent changing.
Consider the machinery type of the power transmission among Figure 12 once more.Again suppose that power transmission 210 is hydraulic couplers, the heavy dispensing device 220 of transmitting effect is a planet dentition.Angular velocity relation between each rotatable member of this device also is depicted among Fig. 5.In the combination of its structure is arranged, the driving element 211 of hydraulic coupler, promptly impeller is connected to ring gear 223, and driven element 212, promptly turbine then is connected to carrier gear 222.The sun gear 221 of turnover dentition is used as the output revolving shaft 232 of power transmission.The machine power input that comes from external power supply can be applied in driving element 211 or driven element 212, perhaps, is connected to ring gear 223 or carrier gear 222.In other words, no matter power transmission device is to drive or driven element can be as the input of power transmission.
Angular velocity/gear by Fig. 5 is seen than knowing in the graph of a relation, when ring gear 223 is maintained at the angular velocity of a unit, make sun gear 211 (being the output 232 of power transmission) operate to the velocity range of one to one gear ratio zero if having, 222 of carrier gears need be by R/R+S) operate to the velocity range of one to one gear ratio and get final product.Than being among 1/3 the typical planet dentition, this is 75 (the i.e. velocity ranges of 3/ (3+1) to 100% that equal by ring gear angular velocity at the gear of sun gear and ring gear.In other words, when the driving element 211 of power transmission device 210 is driven with the speed of a unit, 212 of driven elements need be operated in 75 to 100% velocity range of driving element, can be so that the output shaft 232 of device, in full speed range, operate by zero to 100% input angular velocity by the input rotating shaft 231 of device.From certain angle, power transmission 210 (hydraulic coupler) do not comprise static 75 to 100% the velocity range that opens beginning speed, be to be reallocated, or say mapping, to the static beginning speed that opens of the full speed range of whole device-comprise.
When device of the present invention adopted is that its driven element angular velocity is when surmounting the power transmission device of driving element can't be at the normal transmission power operation time, this device is under normal situation, just can only be by the interior operation of zero to one to one gear, so that machine power is sent to its output shaft by its input shaft than scope.This be the supposition driving of power transmission device and driven element with the teeth parts of its corresponding turnover dentition between be than the situation that is coupled with identical gear.This be because, among this each power transmission device, machine power can only be by the element transmission of operation at a relatively high speed to the cause with the element operated than jogging speed.
This gear than scope in, the structure arrangement of apparatus of the present invention can be accepted machine power by its input shaft, no matter be the driving element or the driven element of power transmission device, and by its output shaft output machine power, thereby reach mechanokinetic and transmits.By zero to one to one gear than scope within, whole power transmission has a kind of natural tendency of acceleration, this kind trend is tended to and will be born the output shaft of mechanicalness load, by static direction acceleration towards one to one gear ratio.When input shaft is accepted machine power by the external power supply part, and allow the driving element of power transmission device, for example the impeller of a hydraulic coupler drives driven element, i.e. turbine, and during together with the rotating speed of its load, the trend of this kind nature promptly can take place.In the velocity relationship figure of Fig. 5, this kind direction that slippage between between driving element and the driven element diminishes of taking advantage of a favourable situation is naturally carried out.Specific, this is along output speed line 102, by the direction of an A towards a B among Fig. 5.
In the present invention had adopted device such as other power transmission devices such as variable pitch awl belt wheel drivers, the equivalent gear of device was not limited to by zero to one to one scope than scope.The gear ratio of power transmission device itself has constituted a factor that determines the effective gear ratio of power transmission.If power transmission device itself can provide the angular velocity gear ratio also faster than driving element of its driven element, then the gear of device proper is than just surpassing one to one value, as knowing the situation that shows among Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 to Figure 10.
In fact, its two functional element be essentially the symmetry, in the power transmission device such as hydraulic pressure coupling thing device etc., the element that carries out drive actions with the angular velocity faster impeller of being known as, another then is a turbine with the element that slower angular velocity is driven running.But, sometimes, it drives with driven state and can be inverted, and this moment is because the cause of the speed of speed relation counter-rotating, and according to definition, impeller originally becomes and is turbine, and turbine originally then becomes impeller.The situation of under normal dynamic flow direction, operating with power transmission by contrast, the counter-rotating of this kind speed speed just can be allowed the counter-rotating of kinetic current.
For example, again the inferior device of considering among Figure 12, wherein used a hydraulic coupler as power transmission apparatus 210, and a planet dentition is as the heavy dispensing device 220 of transmitting effect, again once, the hydraulic vane element of hydraulic coupler is connected to ring gear 223, and another driven element 212 is connected to carrier gear 222.When the exterior mechanical power source is transfused to so far device, for example, be input to hydraulic coupler when being connected on the element 211 of ring gear 223, this device makes the output revolving shaft 232 that mechanical power transmission can be connected to sun gear 221.
Suppose power source, internal combustion engine for example, drive the input 231 of this device along input speed line 101, and the angular velocity of output revolving shaft 232 is driven to Fig. 5 the E point of speed end on the output line 102, and this point is in by zero to the velocity range of one to one gear ratio.Again the angular velocity of supposition power source this moment is lowered to lower drawing and a little holds up the rotating speed level, i.e. speed line 101 on the y axle
R, this speed is lower than the speed of original sun gear 221 when the E point.In such cases, output speed point E in Fig. 5 leaf buttress mark system, it represents the original state of this device, just can become within the coordinate system of a downscaling, a point that surmounts one to one gear ratio, one compares with the some B on the common output speed line 102 than a gear
RIndicate.
In such cases, be connected to blade element 211, ring gear 223 angular velocity of its original drives impeller element drop to the engine speed line 101 of reduction
ROn the F point.The angular velocity of the blade element 211 on this F point is than being connected to the former carrier gear 222 that is used as being driven the hydraulic vane element 212 of Turbo-element, and it is through bearer rate line 103 of reduction
ROn corresponding angles speed point G also come slowly.In the case, two hydraulic vane elements 211 of hydraulic coupler and 212 effect role have just been exchanged.The former blade that is used as impeller becomes now and is turbine, is driven by former another blade 212 that is used as turbine because of it has become with slower speed, and to become with fast speeds drive vane 211 be impeller and latter this moment is because of it just becomes.So, the mechanokinetic feeding direction that is carried out in the device just is inverted this moment, and the sun gear 221 of planet dentition 220 becomes input, and ring gear 223 then becomes output.For for the purposes of driver for vehicle, this kind situation is an engine brake.Employed suitable energy recycle device and arrangement in utilization such as double power vehicle (hybrid vehicle) and the electric motor car just can be the ability that vehicle provides again natural disposition brake (regenerative braking).
In being used the planet dentition of making the heavy dispensing device of transmission use, its central shaft utilizes the suitable bearing arrangement of carrier gear and each pinion gear that can pivot, must set up the lever system of a balance, wherein sun gear and ring gear respectively are engaged in the two opposite sides of pinion gear pivot central point with wheel tooth.Figure 17 shows a balanced lever system in the planet dentition, wherein accepts machine power such as the power transmission device of hydraulic coupler, exports for the sun gear by device.
As shown in the figure, be represented by dotted lines, and the lever 225 in the imagination that is constituted by one of them pinion gear 224, carry out the engagement of wheel tooth respectively at the opposite end of lever 225 with ring gear 223 and sun gear 221.Suppose external power supply with as shown in the figure clockwise, by the ring gear 223 that is fixed on planet dentition 220 to device conveying mechanism power.Power transmission device is fixed on the driven element 212 on the carrier gear 222, is driven and also along rotating clockwise.Carrier gear 222 so just can drive the lever 225 in the imagination,, drives whole pinion gear 224 that is, so that along rotation clockwise.When whole system is moved, owing to pinion gear 224 itself also rotates with respect to the framework of carrier gear 222, so the rotation support of process proper lubrication promptly can be provided with a bearing that is indicated with reference number 226.
The outboard end of lever 225 and ring gear 223 are with wheel tooth engagement, so that reaction force is provided, it can allow the wheel tooth engagement of power transmission device via its medial extremity, and the machine power that will receive from external power supply is sent to sun gear 221.So, sun gear 221 promptly is driven and rotates along clockwise direction, and received power is flowed to the external loading of device.
Angular velocity/gear with reference to figure 5 compares graph of a relation, by wherein observing in the balanced lever system of Figure 17, therefore this device promptly can be with the driving of power transmission device or the machine power that angular velocity was received of driven element, is re-assigned on the output shaft with the angular velocity of sun gear.On the phenomenon on surface, point of mesh between pinion gear 224 and the sun gear 221, angular velocity with the carrier gear 222 of whole dentition, carry out on the peripheral surface of sun gear 221, sun gear 221 itself then rotates with its own and carrier gear 222 different angular velocity.
Figure 18 shows a balanced lever system in the planet dentition, wherein the power transmission of machinery type with respect to the opposite kinetic current of the situation among Figure 17 to operation.With regard to spur wheel planet dentition and differential dentition,, be equivalence on its geometrical configuration, so similar situation is also arranged because this respectively has enough to meet the need dentition at structure.Though the planet dentition is used for explaining the balance of lever at this, above-mentioned explanation is the turnover dentition that is applicable to all patterns, comprising the planet dentition, and spur wheel planet dentition and differential dentition.
Constitute the machinery type of power transmission of the present invention, wherein employed power transmission can be multiple existing various devices.For example, institute is illustrational when except the front various embodiment being described, outside the hydraulic power transmission mechanism such as torque converter and hydraulic coupler etc., other non-hydraulic pressure installation also can combine to build the machinery type of power transmission of the present invention with the turnover dentition.Such as the electromagnetic type power transmission device of generator groups of motors etc., because it is also for having an a kind of dynamic transfer system that drives with a driven element, so also be can the person of being suitable for.
Figure 19 shows power transmission of the present invention, and it adopts the sectional view of induction motor as the machinery type of power transmission device.In Figure 19, its preferably should be a kind of induction motor of special pattern.This induction motor has a field element 211 of being built with permanent-magnet system, its can with one with general existing induction electric motor in the similar squirrel-cage element 212 of the user of institute interact.The permanent-magnet system that it includes at least one pair of permanent magnet 216 may be arranged to framework or rotor element, and accordingly, squirrel-cage element 212 can be used as rotor or framework element.
Induction motor in the device 200 of Figure 19 and turnover dentition, utilize the illustrated mode in front and entire combination together so that constitute the device of a machinery type of power transmission of the present invention.Specific, as to drive permanent magnet fields element 211 utilizes the framework 241 couple and is connected to the ring gear 223 of planet dentition 220, and driven squirrel-cage element 212 utilizes and couples axle 242 and be connected to carrier gear 222.If use has the permanent magnet of enough magnetic flux densities and can reach suitable horsepower level, then this kind power transmission 210 just can be utilized to the gearbox as the compact internal combustion engine powered vehicle.
Also can be suitable for such as eddy-current coupling and other other power transmission devices based on electromagnetic action.When being incorporated into as shown in Figure 11, in the time of in the power transmission 210 of the present invention, all these each power transmission devices all are considered to similar on rough structure and function.This each power transmission device all has a driving and a driven element and can reach mechanokinetic and transmit.The electromagnetic mode of power transmission (Electromagnetic Implememtation)
As the general dynamic conveying means that superperformance can be provided at the low speed end in the whole output function velocity range, except aforesaid machinery type, device of the present invention also has a kind of electromagnetic mode.As aforementioned, the general dynamic conveying means of the present invention that Fig. 1 is shown can be accepted outside power at its input end by input 131, and by output 132 at its output terminal to a load outputting power.The electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention is defined as adopting an electromagnetic power transmission mechanism, and the heavy dispensing device of an electronic type effect of redistributing with electromagnetic mode execution effect.The heavy dispensing device of electronic type effect is being controlled the electric driving force supply to the functional element of electromagnetic power transmission mechanism, so that carry out redistributing of electromagnetic power transmitting effect.Two main composition assembly structurally combines according to disclosed mode, so that constitute the device that can be used as a power transmission.
Though its power transmission device is restricted to the pattern of electromagnetism, the practicability of this kind of the present invention electromagnetic mode is also more diversified than aforesaid machinery type.Because the cause of the electromagnetic type power transmission device person's character of its combination, the various electromagnetic modes of apparatus of the present invention are can carry out machinery to machinery, and be electric to machinery, machinery is to electric, and perhaps electric power to electric mode transmits.And as previously mentioned, this electromagnetic mode also can carry out reverse transportation in many cases and transmit, thereby can carry out the giving birth to again of power (power regeneration).
In the electromagnetic mode of apparatus of the present invention, the transmission of its power no matter be electric or mechanical power, also all is the electromagnetic action that relies between its electromagnetic power transmission mechanism functional element.Typical electromagnetic power transmission mechanism, existing usually for motor or Coupler person, have two action function elements that generally are arranged for a field framework and a rotor form.Among an electromagnetic power transmission mechanism that is utilized the electromagnetic mode that constitutes apparatus of the present invention, it can redistribute the electromagnetic action between the two elements output of auto levelizer, utilizes and allows that the magnetic field that two elements is set up separately is able to reach with respect to its element rotation itself.Its relatively rotation caused difference between the angle of stereopsis speed of two elements, and this difference can allow that the magnetic field of two electromagnetic elements is aligned mutually, interacting, thereby allows that the output of device operates under its output angle speed.The controlled degree of counterrotating angular velocity, with the angular velocity of the output of power transmission in correspondence with each other.This kind of apparatus of the present invention can be adjusted counterrotating ability and be provided by the heavy dispensing device of effect, and its details will be illustrated in the back.Another element of power transmission device is simply by excitatory, thereby sets up the magnetic field of himself, so that interact with the magnetic field of being set up by the element of the change of current (commutated element).
The heavy distributing mechanism of electromagnetic type effect of power transmission electromagnetic mode of the present invention is to be a rotary converter (rotary commutator).This rotary converter is promptly provided electrical activation by the winding of commutation components to one of synergistic two elements of power transmission device.For being carried out in a kind of mode of switching, so that obtain the effect of redistributing of electromagnetic action by the electrical activation that commutation components provided.By commutation components, the excitation that its magnetic field is controlled by rotary converter is set up, therefore promptly can with another element, promptly, transmit so that among the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism, reach power without the magnetic field interaction of commutation components.
The uniqueness of power transmission electromagnetic mode of the present invention and necessary characteristic is, its be responsible for the activation power transmission mechanism by the rotary converter of commutation components winding, when device operation of the present invention, also rotating.By the winding in the commutation components, it provides excitation because of the switching of rotary converter, can set up the change of current of an imagination and point to vector (imaginary commutation orientationvector), this vector can be indicated by the magnetic field angle position that electromagnetic element produced of the change of current.When apparatus of the present invention are operated,, rotate so point to vector, so that can transmit power because whole inverter system itself is also rotating.
Notice when DC excitation was supplied to by commutation components by rotary converter, when whole rotary converter rotated when installing operation, its magnetic field of setting up seemed it also is counterrotating with respect to for the entity of commutation components.But, when using the AC excitation, the magnetic field of being set up by commutation components itself promptly can and rotate with respect to the sensing of the change of current in imagination vector, that is, rotate with respect to rotary converter.Therefore the angular velocity of rotation in its magnetic field is rotation and both summation results of AC energizing frequency of changer.As described above, the DC electric current is actually a particular case into the AC electric current, i.e. the AC electric current that changes with zero frequency.
With regard to employed basic module, two kinds of patterns are arranged, i.e. the rotary converter of mechanical type and power electronic formula is to can be incorporated in the electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention.In the mechanical type rotary converter, one or how right electrical conduction carbon brush carried by a carbon brush holder, and when device was operated, whole changer promptly can rotate along with the rotation of carbon brush holder.The rotation of rotary converter excitatory electric power can be switched enter apparatus of the present invention power transmission device by in the commutation components.In the rotary converter of power electronic formula, the semiconductor power electronic switch of a quantity utilizes a kind of program control, and it switches, so as with excitatory electric power switch enter the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism by in the commutation components.The change of current action of electronic type comes down to utilize the mode similar to the mechanical type rotary converter to carry out.In fact, the rotary converter of power electronic formula is to reach identical changeover program with its mechanical contrast changer to being carried out by the winding of change of current electromagnetic element.
Figure 20 shows in the electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention that its power transmission device heavily distributes the equivalent angular velocity/gear of mechanical component to compare graph of a relation with effect.The output that transverse axis is represented device among the figure is to importing equivalent gear ratio, and the longitudinal axis is then represented the functional element of power transmission device and the standardization angular velocity of rotary converter.The same ground during with front explanation machinery type, the power of input is assumed to be the input speed line 101 along unit normalized angular velocity, drives the input of electromagnetic mode of the present invention with a fixing angular velocity.The output of device can be moved along output speed line 102, represents this device to drive its load with different gear ratios.Again once, when the speed of output is fast when crossing input, device of the present invention also has gear than the situation that surmounts to one, perhaps when the rotation of exporting be when reversing with respect to input, also may become the gear ratio of negative value.
Because the application of power transmission electromagnetic mode of the present invention may involve the transmission of machinery and electric two kinds of form power, the therefore i.e. unit of frequency of utilization before standardization on the y axle, Hz.When needs were considered about the machine power in the entity rotation, this unit can be converted into the rotational speed of running shaft easily, such as the revolution (RPM) of per minute.On the other hand, Hz itself is an important characteristic parameter of AC electric driving force.
A kind of universal electromagnetic mode of Figure 21 displayed map 1 power transmission.Device 300 includes an electromagnetic power transmitting set 310 and a rotary converter 320, and it is used as the heavy dispensing device of electromagnetic action.Electromagnetic power transmitting set 310 includes two electromagnetic action elements.One of in the two elements, element 312, be for driving the driving element that angular velocity is operated with one, it also gives in the two elements another with power transmission, element 311, it is for a driven element that is driven angular velocity operation, so that under the program of being regulated control by rotary converter 320, between carries out the effect that electromagnetic power transmits.Notice in the perspective view of Figure 21, show the inside that is surrounded driving element 312 with the driven element 311 that dotted line was indicated.
The power that transmits in power transmission 310 inside is by the input 331 of device
MOr 331
E, and receive by an external power supply 381 places.Electromagnetic power transmitting set 310 combines with the heavy dispensing device 320 of electromagnetic action, to constitute electromagnetic power conveying means of the present invention.The power that electromagnetic power transmitting set 310 is received by external power supply 381 places is redistributed the output 332 of auto levelizer by the heavy dispensing device 320 of electromagnetic action
MOr 332
EOn, and be delivered to an external loading 382 again.
One of the heavy dispensing device 320 of electromagnetic action is a rotary converter, can be with as by commutation components, in two electromagnetic elements, element 311 is magnetized.Rotary converter 320 combines with two electromagnetic elements 311 and 312 of electromagnetic power transmitting set 310, wherein rotary converter 320 is operated with a change of current angular velocity, so that the electromagnetic element 311 of the magnetic quilt change of current, and set up one first rotating magnetic field, this first rotating magnetic field is synchronous mutually with the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field of being set up by the electromagnetic element 312 that does not carry out the change of current.With the operation of the synchronous angular velocity of two rotating magnetic fields, the power transmission electromagnetic action of power transmission 310 is rotated changer 320 and is re-assigned to machinery output 332
MOr electric output 332
EOn, this output is transported to power in the outside load 382 by electromagnetic power transmitting set 310 with an output angle speed.
Notice that the device in Figure 21 is displayed on its input end and output terminal, two inputs are respectively arranged, machinery input 331
MWith electric input 331
E, and two outputs 332
MWith 332
EThis be the mode with signal show power transmission of the present invention input and output both all can processing machine or electric driving force.If this device is accepted or sent machine power, just use the running shaft that inputs or outputs of its correspondence.If this device is accepted or sent electric driving force, then use the electric lead that inputs or outputs of its correspondence.Can carry out among some embodiment of multiple modalities power transmission in apparatus of the present invention.Just may input or output at it and use running shaft and electric lead simultaneously.
In the electromagnetic mode of Figure 21, first element 311 in two electromagnetic elements of power transmission 310, its by 320 pairs of rotary converters what carry out the change of current is for a magnetization heavily distributes the electromagnetism winding assembly, then be an electromagnetic assembly that constitutes by winding without second element 312 of the change of current.As the back with reference to the accompanying drawings will describe, one of can being adopted by change of current winding assembly in two kinds of possible structures of first electromagnetic element 311, the electromagnetism winding of second element 312 one of then can adopt in three kinds of possible structures.When being combined with the heavy dispensing device of electromagnetic action, the various of this two electromagnetic element may make up, and transmit among each of mode but just can be applied to involving mechanical four kinds of motilities with electric two kinds of form power.
The magnetization of first electromagnetic element 311 heavily divides the distribution winding assembly, if plan to use the DC excitation, can be a similar DC armature of the excitatory armature of DC textural and general DC motor.Perhaps, if its excitatory preparation uses heterogeneous AC power, electromagnetic element 311 also can be the AC armature of a multiple change of current, and it can utilize again a plurality of a pair of changer carbon brush, perhaps the power electronic equivalent substitution of rotary converter and encouraging.No matter be that a kind of situation, this winding assembly all can be rotated changer 320 and be encouraged, so that set up first rotating magnetic field.
Electromagnetic assembly as second electromagnetic element 312 can be to utilize DC electric power to encourage, and an electromagnet winding assembly that uses as electromagnet.It also can be a polyphase windings that is encouraged by heterogeneous AC electric power.Perhaps, it also can be one or more suitable permanent magnet magnetized composition of serving as reasons simply, can produce a permanent magnet assembly in a magnetic field.
Figure 22 to Figure 27 shows power transmission electromagnetic mode embodiment of the present invention respectively, its each heavily distribute the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism of winding assembly based on the magnetization of the electromagnetic assembly that adopts aforementioned three kinds of patterns and two kinds of patterns.The all applicable four kinds of power that involve machinery and electric driving force of the base configuration arrangement of each power transmission among Figure 22 to Figure 27 transmit all mode or some mode in the mode.In the situation of practical application, what some embodiment wherein may be than other is good.
Noticing that this device of the present invention occurs in its input and the mechanical rotation axle of output terminal and electrical wire, may be unnecessary in some mode in the power transmission of four kinds of mode.Though in some mode, may need electric lead to come the specific winding assembly of electromagnetic element is provided the power supply of excitation, input or output so that reach mechanokinetic, but this each electric power is not considered to main power and inputs or outputs.Common of the power of this each excitation consumes a little percentage part to the piece electrical power input of system, and can be by the rule class by being unavoidable auxiliary power consumption when a desirable machine making is become a real device.Same, input or output in the transmission mode of electric powerplant at some, running shaft may appear at graphic in.In any case, though do not go through at this, but understandable as those skilled in the art institute, if need, the electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention remains the power input and the output that can be operated to while processing machine and electric two kinds of forms.
Figure 22 shows universal electromagnetic mode one embodiment's of Figure 21 sectional view, and its electromagnetic assembly is a polyphase windings, and its magnetization heavily to distribute the electromagnetism winding be an AC armature.The base configuration arrangement of Figure 22 medium power conveying means transmits applicable to the power of all four kinds of mode, wherein involves the power of machinery and electrical form.Among this embodiment, be used as the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism and heavily distributed electromagnetism winding assembly 311 by the magnetization of first electromagnetic element of the change of current, be to be an AC armature.This AC armature 311 includes the electric changeable AC winding 318 of a quantity.Each AC winding 318 can be encouraged by the heterogeneous AC electric current of rotary converter 320 according to supply that a kind of Methodistic mode is switched, so that set up first rotating magnetic field.Enter among the winding assembly 311 for heterogeneous AC electric power being switched, include again a plurality of a pair of conduction carbon brush 321 in the rotary converter 320, or the equivalent elements of its power electronic.
Being used as the electromagnetic assembly 312 of second electromagnetic element of the change of current not is a heterogeneous winding, and it has the winding 317 that can be encouraged by a heterogeneous AC electric current, so that set up second rotating magnetic field.Among the figure the imagination change of current of the rotary converter 320 that do not show point to vector, the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field that the electromagnetic assembly 312 of its angular velocity and second electromagnetic element is set up is asynchronous mutually.Specific, the angular velocity that points to vector equals angular velocity poor of the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field and the heterogeneous AC electric current that 320 pairs first electromagnetic elements 311 of rotary converter are supplied.
When the electromagnetic mode of apparatus of the present invention shown among Figure 22 was used for carrying out the power transmission of mechanical extremely mechanical mode, the entity of electromagnetic assembly 312 can pass through its running shaft 331
MAnd driven by the mechanical power source of an outside.In such cases, electric lead 331
EBe used for electric power, so that set up its magnetic field to electromagnetic assembly 312 supply excitations.Owing to the entity of this second electromagnetic element 312 is to be driven to rotate, so its excitatory can being provided by AC or DC electric power.This excitation utilization roughly indicates with 350 of reference numbers, the carbon brush of commutation components exciting bank-slip ring design, and supplied by the excitation power supply of outside.Each fixedly carbon brush 351 all contact its corresponding slip ring 352, its entity with electromagnetic assembly 312 rotates.Fixing or be embedded in an electric driving force supply network 353 of element 312 entity inside, electric power conveying that can be excitatory be assigned in the winding 317 of commutation components 312 not.
If what second electromagnetic element 312 was adopted is that DC is excitatory, then the magnetic field angular velocity set up of this second element is to equal the exterior mechanical power source simply via input running shaft 331
MThe external power supply input angular velocity of rotation of being supplied.If what adopted is that AC is excitatory, the angular velocity in this magnetic field promptly equals the summation result of the angular velocity and the angular velocity that AC encourages of exterior mechanical power source.
On the other hand, then can be connected to the output shaft 332 of device by the entity of commutation components 311
M, so that drive the load of an outside.By the electric lead 332 of commutation components 311 by connection process rotary converter 320
EAnd accept its excitation.This excitation is supplied by the external excitation power supply that uses another carbon brush-slip ring tool structure 360.Adopted fixing carbon brush 361 and slip ring 362 to reach by the excitation power supply supply of commutation components 311 with slip ring mechanism 350 similar carbon brush-slip ring machineries 360.Because it is vector for rotating that vector is pointed in the change of current of imagination, so the slip ring 362 of excitation mechanism 360 is to be fixed on the carbon brush holder 322 of rotary converter 320.Though its detailed mechanism does not display in graphic, this kind arrangement is can allow to be attached on the carbon brush holder 322, so that the carbon brush 321 of the rotary converter that rotates according to program controlled 320 is able to from the electric driving force of outside acceptance excitation.Fixing or be embedded in an electric driving force supply network 363 of element 311 entity inside, electric power conveying that can be excitatory be assigned in the winding 318 of commutation components 311 not.
Owing to also being rotated so that transmit machine power along with the operation of apparatus of the present invention by the entity of commutation components 311, operate this device must control the imagination change of current point to the angular velocity of vector, be can be according to output shaft 332
MWith and excitatory both angular velocity determine.If to what supply by commutation components 311 is that DC is excitatory, just then the change of current is pointed to vectorial needed angular velocity and equaled the magnetic field angular velocity that second electromagnetic element 312 is set up.
Notice in Figure 22, to be presented on the position necessary in the device, provide suitable bearing means 333.This can allow at power transmission 310 and act between each element of heavy dispensing device 320 and be lubricated smooth-going relative rotary motion.
Power transmission among Figure 22 also transmits applicable to electric power to mechanical mode.In such cases, the entity of electromagnetic assembly 312 is fixed and does not staticly rotate, and its electric lead 331
EBe electrically coupled to external power supply, itself to provide main electric driving force, so that set up the magnetic field of its driving to electromagnetic assembly 312.The power utilization slip ring mechanism 350 of excitation provides, and perhaps because the cause that the entity of electromagnetic assembly 312 is fixed and does not rotate, also can utilize the electrical distribution system of simplification and provides.Because the entity of this second electromagnetic element 312 is to keep static not rotate, itself promptly can directly determine according to the excitatory frequency of electric driving force because of the excitatory magnetic field angular velocity that produces of power.
Simultaneously, then can be connected to the output shaft 332 of this device by the entity of commutation components 311
M, and can be used to drive outside mechanical load.By the electric lead 332 of commutation components 311 by connection process rotary converter 320
EAnd accept that it is excitatory.Excitatory power utilization slip ring mechanism 360 and supplying.As at machinery in the transmission of mechanical mode.Owing to also rotated along with the operation of device by the entity of commutation components 311 so that transmission power operates this device and must the change of current of control imagination point to vectorial angular velocity, promptly can according to output shaft with and excitatory both angular velocity determine.If to what supply by commutation components 311 is that DC is excitatory, just then the necessary angular velocity of change of current sensing vector equals the magnetic field angular velocity that second electromagnetic element 312 is set up.
The mode that power transmission among Figure 22 more transmits to electric driving force applicable to machinery.Under this kind situation, the entity of electromagnetic assembly can be driven by the mechanical power source of outside by its running shaft.Electric lead is used to supply excitatory power to electromagnetic assembly, so that set up its magnetic field.Owing to being driven, the entity of this second electromagnetic element 312 rotates its excitatory can being provided by AC or DC electric driving force.Slip ring mechanism 350 can provide electric driving force to the winding 317 of assembly.If use the DC excitation, then the magnetic field angular velocity set up of second element just is merely the input rotational speed of external power supply thus.If use AC, then the angular velocity in this magnetic field just equals the exterior mechanical power source and AC encourages the summation result of both angular velocity.
Simultaneously, be fixed by the entity of commutation components (i.e. first element) 311 and staticly do not rotate, and connect electric lead, just become the output that this power transmission can drive an external electrical load by rotary converter 320.The more simple electric driving force gathering-device of structure than slip ring mechanism 360 just can be used to collect the electric driving force that this device is generated.Switched by rotary converter 320, and the electric current that flows in the winding 318 of first element 311, promptly can set up a magnetic field, the magnetic field interaction that this magnetic field can be produced with second element 312 transmits so that reach machinery to the power of electric mode.
The power transmission of Figure 22 more also can be used for electric power to electric mode and transmit.In such cases, the entity of electromagnetic assembly 312 is fixed and does not staticly rotate, and its electric lead then is conductively coupled to the external electrical power source, with to the main electric driving force of electromagnetic assembly 312 supplies, so that set up its driving magnetic field.Because the entity of second electromagnetic element is fixed and does not staticly rotate,, just can be directly determine according to the frequency of electric driving force because of the excitatory magnetic field angular velocity that in electromagnetic assembly 312, is produced of power.
On the other hand, also be held fixed static by the entity of commutation components 311 and do not rotate, and the electric lead that connects through rotary converter 320 just can become the output that this device can drive an external electric load.Switched by rotary converter 320, and the electric current that flows in the winding of first element 311, promptly can set up a magnetic field, the magnetic field interaction that this magnetic field can be produced with second element 312 transmits so that reach electric power to electric mode.Because electromagnetic assembly and all be fixed by both entities of commutation components 311 does not staticly rotate, and just all can simplify so electric driving force transmits used slip ring mechanism 350 and 360.
Figure 23 shows another embodiment of universal electromagnetic mode of the power transmission of the present invention of Figure 21.This be a kind of with Figure 22 in the slightly different device of device.Specific, being used the magnetization by the change of current first electromagnetic element as the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism, heavily to distribute the electromagnetism winding assembly be to be a DC armature, but not the AC armature, it includes the electric changeable DC winding 319 of a quantity.Be used as the electromagnetic assembly of second electromagnetic element 312 for to Figure 22 in a similar polyphase windings.As previously mentioned, because DC is considered to a kind of special state of AC, can expects also that therefore this embodiment also is a kind of special state, and in fact also be the version of a kind of simplification of Figure 22 device.
Enter in the winding assembly 311 for DC electric power being switched, in rotary converter 320, only need a pair of conduction carbon brush 321, perhaps its power electronic equivalence.In order to operate this device, the angular velocity of vector is pointed in the imagination change of current of rotary converter 320, and the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field that must set up with the electromagnetic assembly of electromagnetic power transmission mechanism 310 is synchronous.Specific, the angular velocity that points to vector promptly equals the angular velocity in second magnetic field.This can utilize according to the operation changeover program and control fixing and drive carbon brush 321 carbon brush holder 322 angular velocity and reach.
So, when extremely mechanical at machinery, electric to machinery, when operating in perhaps mechanical extremely electric any mode of transmission mode, the excitation of commutation components 311 promptly can be simple DC electric power, and the control of vector is pointed in the change of current in the imagination, only need get final product synchronously with the magnetic field rotation that electromagnetic assembly 312 is set up.
When in electric extremely electric power transmission mode, operating, if the imagination change of current of rotary converter 320 sensing vector is kept and provide the magnetic field that electromagnetic assembly the produced rotation of power synchronous, the output of device promptly connects the electric lead through rotary converter 320, just only produces DC power.But, must be synchronous if the sensing vector is controlled with the magnetic field that drives, then the electric driving force that it produced promptly becomes a kind of AC electric driving force.The frequency utilization of this AC power is calculated the angular velocity of getting the input electric driving force and the angular velocity that points to vector and is subtracted each other the result and determined.
Figure 24 show Figure 21 the basis manifest another embodiment of the electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention.This also is a kind of and the slightly different device of Figure 22.Its difference is to utilize an electromagnet winding assembly to replace the polyphase windings of electromagnetic assembly.The staor winding of this kind electromagnet winding assembly and DC motor is similar, and the same with electromagnet, when often being energized, it also can produce a magnetic field of not rotating with respect to its entity.
This kind device can be suitable for machinery to mechanical and mechanical power to electric mode and transmit.Among these two kinds of mode, except being the DC to the excitatory of electromagnetic assembly, behavior and Figure 22 of this device are similar.The entity of supposing electromagnetic assembly is fixed and does not staticly rotate, and then this device is not to be suitable for most operating to the transmission mode of machinery electric.When operation like this, it is identical with a general DC motor that the device among Figure 24 in fact promptly becomes.If both entities of the electromagnet winding assembly among this embodiment and AC armature 311 all are fixed do not rotate, then since in system not the action of transformer (transformer) exist, so and be not suitable for the electric extremely transmission of electric mode.This is because the magnetic field set up of electromagnet winding assembly, the cause of not rotating fully with respect to the conductor of AC armature 311.
Figure 25 shows another embodiment of the electromagnetic mode of the power transmission of the present invention that Figure 21 describes.This device does not exist together with device among Figure 24 and only is that it is a DC armature but not an AC armature that its magnetization heavily distributes magnetic winding assembly 311.Therefore, the basic characteristic of this device is just identical with embodiment among Figure 24.Obvious, the AC armature among the embodiment of Figure 24 excitatory preferably should be heterogeneous AC electric driving force, and this embodiment's DC armature then needs to use DC excitatory.
Figure 26 shows another embodiment of the electromagnetic mode of apparatus of the present invention.Electromagnetic assembly in Figure 21 includes at least one pair of permanent magnet 316 and has replaced the electromagnet winding assembly among Figure 24, and this device comes down to identical with Figure 24.So just do not need electromagnetic assembly is carried out electrical activation, the electricity structure of system promptly becomes and comparatively simplifies.But, the embodiment's of Figure 24 electromagnet winding assembly can provide magnetic field with the field density more more powerful than permanent magnet, because of the electric power of its excitation can increase pro rata.So, the horsepower rating of Figure 26 device promptly be subject to the permanent magnet material technology the degree that can provide.
Among Figure 27 the electromagnetic mode of illustrational power transmission of the present invention be the version of further simplifying for Figure 26.The magnetization of Figure 21 heavily distributes the DC armature 311 of electromagnetism winding assembly to replace the AC armature 311 of Figure 26.So, this embodiment's of Figure 24 operating characteristics, among its DC armature 311, use DC excitatory, come down to identical with Figure 27.
Each embodiment that Figure 22 to Figure 27 described, when when machinery is operated in the mode that machine power transmits, can be used as will become the mechanical type conveying means of another kind of entire combination output with a mechanical power-converting of input of a kind of speed/moment entire combination.This substantially is to be functionally equivalent to traditional mechanical power transmission device, such as the hydraulic pressure torque converter, perhaps in automobile and the diesel generation locomotive (diesel-electric locomotive) the generator-motor group (generator-motor set) that can see.But, the low-speed characteristic of apparatus of the present invention described in each embodiment herewith, is limited in cause in its optimized velocity range because the power transmission calutron that it was used in combination is rotated changer, also is to enjoy high efficiency therefore.
When electric when operating to the mode that machine power transmits, these a little each embodiments are actually the electric motor for a redaction of moving under electromagnetic principle.Therefore it promptly is for can being directly applied for the purposes of electrical drive system, and complicated power electronic system that need be such as PWM.But, each device of the present invention, therefore promptly can provide good low-speed performance, and this is because rotary converter can allow that the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism of device institute combination is able to the cause of operating in the optimization velocity range of existing motor, and electromagnetic power transmission mechanism wherein comes down to the revision of existing motor.
When machinery is operated to the mode that electric driving force transmits, this each embodiment is actually the generator for a redaction of moving under electromagnetic principle.Each device of the present invention, therefore promptly can provide good low-speed performance, and this is because rotary converter can allow that the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism of device institute combination is able to the cause of operating in the optimization velocity range of existing generator, and electromagnetic power transmission mechanism wherein comes down to the revision of existing generator.
Extremely electric and electric to the power transfer operation of mechanical mode at the machinery that embodiment carried out of Figure 22 to Figure 27, by the phase angle (phase angle) between two magnetic fields that functional element is set up respectively of power transmission device, can be used a parameter of the power delivering power that is carried out as this each device of control.Usually, the driving magnetic field of electromagnetic assembly can be with leading by the magnetic field that is driven of commutation components 311 with the proportional angle of the power that is transmitted.In other words, leading phase angle is big more, and the power that it transmitted is just big more.If an original leading electromagnetic element has become backwardness, then the direction of power transmission just is inverted, and this each device just can carry out the operation that energy is given birth to again.
In the mode that this each embodiment's machinery to machine power transmits, the phase angle can fix on the angle that situation determined according to input and load between two magnetic fields.In the electric mode that transmits to electric driving force, wherein, by commutation components is to be a DC armature person, rotates synchronously with the power magnetic field of electromagnetic assembly if the sensing of the change of current in imagination vector is controlled, and its phase angle just can be utilized to control the output voltage of the DC electric power that produces.On the other hand, form asynchronously if point to that vector is operated with power magnetic field, then this device just can merely only produce a single-phase AC electric driving force.This is that its DC armature of supposition only has a pair of supply to pick up the electric driving force changer carbon brush that is produced, the perhaps equivalent elements of its power electronic.In order to reach the control at this kind phase angle, suitable control mechanism must be provided, and it is interosculated with the rotary converter system.
When electric when operating to the mode that electric driving force transmits, the embodiment applicatory of each among Figure 22 to Figure 27 is actually the frequency converter (frquencyconverter) that becomes with the transformer principle action.The angular velocity of vector is pointed in the change of current in rotary converter 320 imaginations, can be utilized as a kind of Control Parameter, so that decision output AC power frequency.If it is controlled and synchronous with the rotation of second electromagnetic element, 312 driving magnetic fields to point to vector, then connecting the output electric driving force of carrying through the electric lead of rotary converter 320 is an AC electric power of null transformation frequency.Specific, this is the DC electric driving force.
But, to point to vector controlled and when being fast or slow angular velocity rotation with the rotating magnetic field than electromagnetic assembly when the change of current in the imagination, and then rotary converter 320 is between the two difference by the AC power frequency of being picked up on the commutation components 311.In such cases, this device becomes to being converted into another electric driving force with output frequency different with incoming frequency with having the heterogeneous AC electric driving force of incoming frequency.
Device described in Figure 21, perhaps, in other words, each specific embodiment among Figure 22 to Figure 27, to machinery and electric when moving to the mode that machine power transmits, device of the present invention can show a kind of natural tendency that quickens automatically along with the received input machinery of device or electric driving force at machinery.Suppose that outside power source is that angular velocity with a Chang Ding drives device of the present invention, then the received power of this device just is transmitted and sends on the mechanical load of outside, and load promptly can be quickened than curve along the gear of Figure 20.Among the electric mode that transmits to machine power, this is a kind of characteristic with advantage, can be suitable in the gas-powered purposes of vehicle and commercial power.In the mode that machinery to machine power transmits, this kind trend also be for the similar advantage of the situation of aforementioned power transmission machinery type of the present invention.
Disclose and describe among the embodiment who illustrates to some extent in previous at Figure 22 to Figure 27, the rotary converter that combines with the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism can be the rotary converter for mechanical type or power electronic formula.Mechanical rotary converter is textural comparatively simple, thus be easy to the power transmission device entire combination together, and it is also as easy as rolling off a log to operate.But, utilize carbon brush to contact and the mechanical type rotary converter that moves can need regular maintenance, to avoid and to reduce the problem that is caused because of short circuit with friction between the changer ring.On the other hand, based on the power electronic formula rotary converter of semiconductor power electronics diverter circuit, its make with and with the entire combination of system be comparatively complicated.But, power electronic formula rotary converter can more easily combine with numerical control system, operates so that power transmission can be thought numerically controlled mode.In addition, power electronic formula rotary converter does not have relevant carbon brush attrition problem yet.Figure 28 and Figure 29 show respectively in the electromagnetic mode applicable to power transmission of the present invention, the circuit of the structure of its a kind of mechanical type rotary converter and a kind of power electronic formula rotary converter structure.
Figure 28 shows a kind of mechanical type rotation change of current, its can with the mutual entire combination of electromagnetic power transmission mechanism together, such as this each embodiment described in Figure 22 to Figure 27.The perspective view of Figure 28 only demonstrates the critical piece of mechanical rotation changer.Mechanical type rotary converter 320
MInclude a quantity, for example, three pairs carbon brush and a carbon brush holder.Only show a pair of carbon brush 321 in this is graphic, it is fixed on the inner peripheral surface of carbon brush holder 322.The right quantity of carbon brush is heavily distributed the armature structure arrangement of electromagnetism winding assembly and is decided according to being used as the magnetization among the embodiment of Figure 22 to Figure 27.If by the armature of the change of current is excitatory with DC, then single right carbon brush is just enough.If need be used heterogeneous AC excitatory, just can need again a plurality of one group carbon brush by the armature of the change of current.
When the electric power source of outside is required to encourage the armature 311 of apparatus of the present invention, each carbon brush shell of tank 323 promptly can be electrically connected to the corresponding slip ring 362 on the outer peripheral surface that is fixed on carbon brush holder 322, in figure, the electrical connection 364 that penetrates the cylinder bodily form body body wall of carbon brush holder 322 schematically illustrates.The reason of use slip ring 362 is based on the rotary converter 320 of apparatus of the present invention
MBe the rotatable fact.In other words, rotary converter 320
M Carbon brush holder 322 when this device action, with respect to the device underframe and rotate.Utilize corresponding carbon brush 321 in groups, the electrical conduction path that carbon brush shell of tank 323 and slip ring 362 are set up can be utilized to provide the excitatory power source from the outside, the excitatory power of the winding 318 of the armature that arrives via changer ring 315.
At rotary converter 320
MBe required that carbon brush holder 322 can be fixed on the entity of assembly 321 simply, so that both can rotate synchronously together in the particular case with the entity rotation synchronously of the electromagnetic assembly 312 of commutation components.For example, in the embodiment of Figure 27, its not the permanent magnet 316 of commutation components be used for producing the first magnetic field person, its carbon brush holder 322 just can directly be fixed on the framework of element 312.
Figure 29 shows the electromagnetic mode applicable to power transmission of the present invention, in the described embodiment of Figure 22 to Figure 27, and the circuit of its a kind of power electronic formula rotary converter structure.Power electronic formula rotary converter 320
EInclude a semiconductor switch array 325, and a control logic 328.This power electronic formula is revolved inverter 320
ECan be carried on by commutation components, on the entity of the element 311 among Figure 22 to Figure 27, so that its semiconductor switch 325
1A-325
1D, 325
2A-325
2D... and 325
NA-325
NDBe connected to element 311 in the circuti diagram and be organized into winding 319 into winding array 319
1, 319
2... with 319
N, to carry out necessary excitation changeover program.This is the situation of hypothesis total total N winding in by commutation components 311.This switching array 325 is responsible for by the winding 319 of commutation components 311
1, 319
2... with 319
NSupply excitatory electric driving force.When excitatory employed power source is outside by device when providing, can use a pair of slip ring 362, accept excitatory power by its corresponding carbon brush 361 from external power supply 381 parts.
Controlled by control logic 328 by switching array 325 performed changeover programs.Control logic 328 is carried out its control program according to magnetic field angular velocity that non-change of current electromagnetic assembly 312 produced and angular orientation.Magnetic field angular velocity that assembly 312 is set up and angular orientation can utilize a kind of induction installation 327 and be detected, and this induction installation then can be coupled to control logic 328 by the mode of for example photoelectricity coupling, detects the data that obtain so that transmit it.
In the shown practical circuit of Figure 29, power electronic formula rotary converter 320
EOn function with have single right carbon brush, and it is excitatory to accept DC, all mechanical type corresponding rotation changer equivalences as shown in Figure 28.One outside DC power source 381 provides excitatory required electric driving force by the friction of the rotation between slip ring 362 carbon brush 361 corresponding with it contact.Semiconductor in the switch arrays 325 closes to open to be organized and forms two groups,, is just organizing 325 that is
PWith negative group 325
N, its each group respectively includes half switch of sum.By each winding 319 of commutation components 311
1, 319
2... with 319
N, respectively have and to be switched the two ends that are connected to excitatory power source 381.Each program that need manage according to control logic 328 of its each end and being switched respectively be connected to excitatory power source 381 just with negative terminal.Suppose and use SCR (silicon-controlled rectifier thyristor) to be used as semiconductor diverter switch element, then just all needed to use two SCR by each end of the winding of commutation components 311, its must be connected in regular turn power source 381 just with negative terminal, so that it is form a complete electric loop, excitatory smooth to make.So, for altogether N winding among the array 319, in the switch arrays 325 of this example, need 4N SCR switch altogether.
For example, the winding 319 in the consideration winding array 319
1One of in its two ends 319
1AAllowed and to be passed through SCR 325
1AWith 325
1CAnd be connected to respectively excitatory power source 381 just with negative terminal.Its other end 319
1BAllowed and to be passed through SCR 325
1BWith 325
1DAnd be connected to respectively activation power source 381 just with negative terminal.When excitatory program needs winding 319
1319
1AEnd is connected to anode, and 319
1BWhen end was connected to negative terminal, control logic 328 facilities were used by trigger signal bus 326 and are sent corresponding gate signal to these two SCR, and can side by side open SCR325
1AAnd 325
1DWhen needs with winding 319
1AEnd is connected to negative terminal, and 319
1BWhen end was connected to anode, SCR 325
1CAnd 325
1BJust be opened simultaneously.Every other winding 319 in the array 319
2-319
NCan be connected to its each self-corresponding SCR respectively according to similar control program.Difference according to design has again a plurality of one group windings and is energized simultaneously in the array 319.Regardless of needed switching style and its corresponding control program, control logic 328 can be under suitable formula planning control, and the suitable unlatching of all SCR opens and closes switch motion in the management switch array 325.
As in the machinery type of apparatus of the present invention, under a kind of identical particular configuration of the present invention is arranged, the driving of two electromagnetic elements of electromagnetic power transmission mechanism be driven the role and also may be inverted sometimes.Compare, when device under the normal situation with input towards the kinetic current of the output situation during to operation, this kind counter-rotating can be allowed the reverse flow of kinetic current.This kind situation is possible based on the same principle with existing motor, wherein ought originally send the mechanokinetic rotating shaft, and when becoming the rotating shaft that is driven by load, motor is easy to be converted into generator.
For example, consider among Figure 23 shown, the electromagnetic mode of apparatus of the present invention electric to the mode that machine power transmits the situation during operation.In the device of Figure 23, electromagnetic assembly 312 does not rotate a polyphase windings on the entity for being wrapped in its fixed static.Heavily to distribute electromagnetism winding assembly 311 be a DC armature in its magnetization, and it can be accepted by rotary converter 320, and it is excitatory.Suppose that rotary converter 320 is for having single mechanical type rotary converter to carbon brush.
During by the polyphase windings of feed-in assembly 312, just can set up the magnetic field that its angular velocity of rotation equals external electrical power source frequency by the external electrical power source when power is excitatory.Its excitatory magnetic field of setting up is presented by passing rotary converter 320 with element 311 in this magnetic field, effect between the two and driving by commutation components 311.Vector is pointed in the imagination change of current of rotary converter 320, and it determines according to this longitudinal axis to carbon brush, rotate synchronously with the magnetic field of electromagnetic assembly, perhaps, and in other words, the angular velocity of changing according to the frequency of external electrical power source and rotation synchronously.As aforementioned, this can allow the output shaft 332 of device
M,, drive the mechanical load of outside than any speed on the coordinate axis with the gear of Figure 20 promptly by the axle of commutation components 311.
When mechanical load becomes to mechanical power source and drives by the rotating shaft 332 of commutation components 311
MThe time, the polyphase windings of electromagnetism winding 312 just can produce a heterogeneous AC power this moment, couples thereon an electrical load with driving.No matter by the mechanokinetic angular velocity in commutation components 311 rotating shafts how appear at this moment, the AC electric driving force of Shenging can be controlled on the frequency identical with original electric power source again.This can utilize on the specific angle speed that simply the vectorial angular velocity of imagining of change of current sensing is controlled at original electric power source and promptly can accomplish.Utilization is pointed to vector with the change of current and is controlled on the necessary phase angle with respect to the rotating magnetic field of original power source, again the AC power of Shenging even can be controlled and have a phase place identical with original external electrical power source.
The ability that this kind given birth to an AC electric driving force again has suitable use among many industry and transport applications.For example, consider that aforementioned electromagnetic mode illustrated in fig. 23 is used in the drive motor of a railway locomotive, when its with normal electric situation when machine power transmits the mode operation.A kind of electrical system of giving birth to the formula driving group again like this is shown among Figure 30.
The polyphase windings of supposing electromagnetic assembly 312 is for being wrapped in a static covert system (two-phase system) that does not rotate on the stator framework of this device, heavily distributing a DC armature 311 of electromagnetism winding assembly then to be established on the rotor as magnetization.The rotor that schematically shows the DC armature among Figure 30 is coupled to the driving wheel of railway vehicle by a gear train, and it is representing the mechanical load 382 of this system.Though electrified railway is to be single-phase AC by bow collector 386 by the electric power source 381 of the place feed-in of the contact line 385 of roof, it is needed, has second phase of phase quadrature, can obtain at an easy rate.The power supply of this second phase can utilize and also carry out one one one to one transformer 387 of feed-in by single-phase AC power supplies 381 parts and obtain.This railway drive system can be operated under the electric mode that transmits to machine power according to aforesaid explanation, obtains power on the single phase poaer supply line by power company, quickens or see climbing to drive train.
Consider the situation when train deceleration or descending.Become at this moment by the kinetic energy of train or potential energy by change of current rotor and to drive.Aforesaid control principle is carried out in utilization under the control of system logic 380, according to system among Figure 30 that electromagnetic mode constituted of apparatus of the present invention, promptly can operate under the situation of counter-rotating at kinetic current this moment.Machine power can be collected this moment, and can directly give the contact line 385 that is connected with the electric power networking by the bow collector 386 of roof.Owing to give birth to all parameters of AC power again, comprise frequency, phase place and voltage can be controlled power company's generating, and the electric power in existence and the electric power distribution network is compatible, so this kind energy recovery brake operation is a kind of possible practice.
Except the drive system of natural disposition again of electrified railway, the going for too among the purposes such as steam-electric accreting (cogeneration) and wind turbine generating etc. of the present invention dress with the similar electromagnetic mode of Figure 30.In the steam-electric accreting facility by steamturbine produced, and the machine power that wind turbine produced of windmill, it is the same with train in deceleration and the descending, all can have similar change character usually.A kind of common demand of this type of purposes is that the AC electric driving force that generates for it must be compatible with the electric power among the electric power distribution network.If fail to reach this demand, just the harmonic wave of high frequency can be introduced in the electric power networking, and this damages nigh equipment of connection and electrical equipment most probably.
But, the electromagnetic mode of apparatus of the present invention when being applied to steam-electric accreting and wind-power electricity generation, has only the kinetic current of a direction inwardly to operate usually, that is, work under the mode that machinery to electric driving force transmits.The electrical system of the electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention, it is suitable for the generator person of steam-electric accreting facility or wind turbine power generation system, and its essence can be very similar with person described in Figure 30.Though this and unspecified, obviously still have simple many other purposes of giving birth to the control advantage again of the electromagnetic mode that can use power transmission of the present invention.
In order to consider practical energy, one or two electromagnetic action element of the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism in various embodiments of the present invention is directly to combine with device proper.For example, the excitatory moving Fang Yuan of DC is because therefore its rated power can just can utilize the DC generator of direct entire combination within device proper to produce also less than main power source usually.
Similar with existing motor situation, the electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention preferably can be constructed to having a tubular hollow framework element and a cylindrical body formation rotor element device.When entire combination was got up, tubular rotor element can be inserted in the hollow space of framework element.So, the present invention just can build and becomes the electromagnetic assembly with cylinder bodily form hollow framework element such as being shown in electromagnetic mode among Figure 21, and builds the magnetization that becomes the cylindrical rotor element and heavily distribute the electromagnetism winding assembly.Two elements can be supported on the mutual position that overlaps of its symmetrical longitudinal axis separately, and its rotor element is placed in the hollow space of framework element, so that rotor can relatively rotate with respect to the axis that overlaps with framework.This kind structure is arranged to a kind of better selection that the present invention has adopted this each device of mechanical type rotary converter.
On the other hand, also be possible if will build the device that has a reverse configuration with respect to the embodiment among Figure 21.In such structure was arranged, magnetization heavily distributed the electromagnetism winding assembly as tubular hollow framework element, and electromagnetic assembly is made to tubular rotor element.In other words, the framework element has become the element that is carried out the change of current by rotary converter.This kind structure is arranged may be than being applicable to that the present invention adopts in the electromagnetic mode of power electronic formula rotary converter.
Though the present invention has utilized its some preferred embodiment of suitable details reference and has been illustrated, other mode is still possible.For example, in the electromagnetic mode of power transmission of the present invention, the motor that is utilized as the electromagnetic power transmission mechanism can adopt the disc type structure of pie-shaped to arrange, wherein the interaction between two electromagnetic elements is on the surface of disk, but not, on cylindrical periphery, take place as in the arrangement of the hollow circuit cylinder bodily form.In addition, with regard to the machinery type that power transmission of the present invention has adopted the parallel axes structure, the coupling of fixed proportion can replace and turnover dentition entire combination variable speed power transmission together.When gear that this fixed proportion couples when being selected near the C point on the driven element speed line 103 among Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 to Figure 10, the formed power transmission of its result has become the dentition of a big retarding gear ratio.The gear-driven construction of fixed gear ratio of this kind big retarding ratio is very simple, and can handle bigger horsepower.Therefore, interior spirit and the category that is defined of claim that the present invention is appended should not be defined in the included in this manual preferred embodiment scope.
Claims (58)
1. a power transmission can have the input that can accept power from an external power supply for transmitting power, and can it is characterized in that this power transmission includes to an output of an external loading transmitting power:
One power transmission, it comprises one first transmitting effect element and one second transmitting effect element, this power transmission is connected with this input and accepts external power with an input angular velocity, and each operates first and second transmitting effect element with first and second angular velocity respectively, to transmit power by the effect between first and second power transmission functional element; With
The heavy dispensing device of one transmitting effect, itself and power transmission and export both entire combination together, power transmission effect when power transmission is operated under first and second angular velocity, be re-assigned in the output by the heavy dispensing device of transmitting effect, output then is delivered to external loading with an output angle speed with power.
2. power transmission as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this is input as a running shaft, can accept the machine power input from this external power supply, and this output also is a running shaft, machine power can be delivered to this external loading.
3. power transmission as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this is input as an electrical wire, can accept the electric driving force input from this external power supply, and this is output as a running shaft, machine power can be delivered to this external loading.
4. power transmission as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this is input as a running shaft, can accept the machine power input from this external power supply, and this is output as an electrical wire, electric driving force can be transported to this external loading.
5. power transmission as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this is input as an electric power gas line, can accept the electric driving force input from this external power supply, and this output also is an electrical wire, electric driving force can be delivered to this external loading.
6. power transmission as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the heavy dispensing device of this transmitting effect is a mechanical device, can be mechanically the power transmission effect of power transmission be re-assigned in the output, thereby with one section selected scope in the speed range of operation of this power transmission mapping again to the whole velocity range of power transmission, comprising the static beginning speed that opens.
7. power transmission as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the heavy dispensing device of this transmitting effect is an electric device, can electric means the power transmission effect of power transmission be re-assigned in the output, thereby with one section selected scope in the speed range of operation of this power transmission mapping again to the whole velocity range of power transmission, comprising the static beginning speed that opens.
8. power transmission can have and can accept mechanokinetic one input shaft from an external power supply, and can it is characterized in that this power transmission includes to an output shaft of an external loading conveying mechanism power for transmitting power:
One power transmission, it includes a driving element and a driven element, this power transmission is connected with this input shaft and accepts external mechanical power source with an input angular velocity, and each operates driving and driven element with first and second angular velocity respectively, to transmit power by the effect between driving and the driven element; With
One turnover dentition, it includes first gear, second gear and the 3rd gear, when first gear is fixed static rotation the and the 3rd gear when being driven in rotation, second gear rotates with the direction identical with the 3rd gear, and its angular velocity is less than the 3rd gear; The 3rd gear is connected to the driving element of power transmission, and second gear is connected to the driven element of power transmission, and first gear is connected to output shaft; Wherein had enough to meet the need dentition with the power transmission effect of the power transmission that drives and be driven the angular velocity operation and reassign on the output shaft, output shaft then is transported to external loading with an output angle speed with machine power.
9. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this turnover dentition is a planet dentition.
10. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this turnover dentition is a spur wheel planet dentition.
11. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this turnover dentition is a differential dentition.
12. power transmission as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, this turnover dentition is a planet dentition, it includes a sun gear, carried a carrier gear of a plurality of pinion gears, and a ring gear, and the turnover dentition this first, the second and the 3rd gear is respectively the sun gear of planet dentition, carrier gear and ring gear.
13. power transmission as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, this turnover dentition is a planet dentition, it includes a sun gear, carried a carrier gear of a plurality of pinion gears, and a ring gear, and the turnover dentition this first, the second and the 3rd gear is respectively the ring gear of planet dentition, carrier gear and sun gear.
14. power transmission as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, this turnover dentition is a spur wheel planet dentition, and it includes one first sun gear, has carried a carrier gear of a plurality of pinion gears, an and secondary sun wheel, wherein, first sun gear is less than secondary sun wheel, and the turnover dentition this first, the second and the 3rd gear is respectively first sun gear of spur wheel planet dentition, secondary sun wheel and carrier gear.
15. power transmission as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, this turnover dentition is a spur wheel planet dentition, it includes one first sun gear, has carried a carrier gear of a plurality of pinion gears, and a secondary sun wheel, wherein first sun gear is less than secondary sun wheel, and this first, the second and the 3rd gear of turnover dentition is respectively carrier gear, secondary sun wheel and first sun gear of spur wheel planet dentition.
16. power transmission as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, this turnover dentition is a differential dentition, it includes one first bevel gear, one second bevel gear, and a carrier gear that has carried a plurality of wandering star bevel gears, and the turnover dentition this first, the second and the 3rd gear is respectively first bevel gear, the carrier gear and second bevel gear.
17. power transmission as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the 3rd gear of this turnover dentition is connected to the driving element of power transmission so that both rotate synchronously, and second gear of turnover dentition is connected to the driven element of power transmission so that both rotate synchronously.
18. power transmission as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, coaxial and the driving element that directly is connected to power transmission of the 3rd gear of this turnover dentition is so that both rotate synchronously, and second gear of turnover dentition is also coaxial and directly be connected to the driven element of power transmission so that both rotate synchronously.
19. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the 3rd gear of this turnover dentition and second gear utilize one first and one second gear engagement and are connected to the driving element and the driven element of power transmission respectively.
20. power transmission as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, this first and second gear engagement has the when identical gear engagement sense of rotation of identical gear.
21. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the 3rd gear of this turnover dentition and second gear utilize one first and 1 second to take turns tape drive and be connected to the driving element and the driven element of power transmission respectively.
22. power transmission as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, first and second is taken turns tape drive and has the when identical sense of rotation of identical gear.
23. power transmission as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, with regard to an input shaft angular velocity and corresponding by input to input shaft and load state determined, be in output shaft angular velocity in the scope of one of static input shaft angular velocity to identical sense of rotation particular percentile, the driving element of power transmission and driven element both operate with nonstatic angular velocity.
24. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this input shaft is connected to the driving element of power transmission.
25. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this input shaft is connected to the driven element of power transmission.
26. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this power transmission is a hydraulic coupler.
27. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this power transmission is a torque converter.
28. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this power transmission is the generator groups of motors with a generator and a motor, and wherein driving element is this generator, and driven element is this motor.
29. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this power transmission is an induction motor, and it has a permanent magnet field assembly and a squirrel cage rotor.
30. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this power transmission is an induction motor, and it has a squirrel-cage magnetic field component and a permanent magnet rotor.
31. power transmission as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this power transmission is an eddy-current coupling.
32. power transmission, can be for transmitting power, have and to accept mechanokinetic one input shaft from an external power supply, and can be to an output shaft of an external loading conveying mechanism power, wherein corresponding to an input shaft angular velocity, its output shaft can be operated in the velocity range by a particular percentile of static input shaft angular velocity to identical sense of rotation, it is characterized in that this power transmission includes:
One power transmission, it comprises a driving element and driven element, this power transmission is connected with this input shaft and accepts external mechanical power source and rotation synchronously with an input angular velocity, and each operates driving and driven element to drive and to be driven angular velocity respectively, to transmit machine power by the effect between driving and the driven element; With
One planet dentition, it includes a ring gear, a sun gear and a carrier gear that has carried a plurality of pinion gears; Ring gear is connected to the driving element of power transmission, and both rotate synchronously, and the carrier gear is connected to the driven element of power transmission, and both rotate synchronously, and sun gear is connected to output shaft; Wherein, the power transmission effect with the power transmission that drives and be driven the angular velocity operation reassigned on the output shaft by the planet dentition, and output shaft is transported to external loading with an output angle speed with machine power; And with regard to an input shaft angular velocity and in the velocity range with regard to state that inputs to input shaft and load and the corresponding output shaft angular velocity that determined, the driving element of power transmission and driven element both operate with nonstatic angular velocity.
33. power transmission, can be for transmitting power, have and to accept mechanokinetic one input shaft from an external power supply, and can be to an output shaft of an external loading conveying mechanism power, wherein corresponding to an input shaft angular velocity, its output shaft can be operated in the particular percentile velocity range by static input shaft angular velocity to identical sense of rotation, it is characterized in that this power transmission includes:
One power transmission, it comprises a driving element and driven element, this power transmission is connected with this input shaft and accepts external mechanical power source and rotation synchronously with an input angular velocity, and each operates driving and driven element to drive and to be driven angular velocity respectively, to transmit machine power by the effect between driving and the driven element; With
One spur wheel planet dentition, it includes first sun gear, has carried a carrier gear of a plurality of pinion gears, and with a secondary sun wheel, wherein, first sun gear is less than secondary sun wheel; The carrier gear is connected to the driving element of power transmission, and both rotate synchronously, and secondary sun wheel is connected to the driven element of power transmission, and both rotate synchronously, and first sun gear is connected to output shaft; Wherein the power transmission effect with the power transmission that drives and be driven the angular velocity operation is re-assigned on the output shaft by spur wheel planet dentition, and output shaft then is transported to external loading with an output angle speed with machine power; And with regard to an input shaft angular velocity and in the velocity range with regard to the corresponding output shaft angular velocity that state determined that inputs to input shaft and load, the driving element of power transmission and driven element both operate with nonstatic angular velocity.
34. power transmission, can be for transmitting power, have and to accept mechanokinetic one input shaft from an external power supply, and can be to an output shaft of an external loading conveying mechanism power, wherein corresponding to an input shaft angular velocity, its output shaft can be operated in the velocity range by a static extremely particular percentile of the input shaft angular velocity of identical sense of rotation, it is characterized in that this power transmission includes:
One power transmission, it comprises a driving element and driven element, this power transmission is connected with this input shaft and accepts external mechanical power source and rotation synchronously with an input angular velocity, and each operates driving and driven element to drive and to be driven angular velocity respectively, to transmit machine power by the effect between driving and the driven element; With
One differential dentition, it includes one first bevel gear, one second bevel gear, with a carrier gear that has carried a plurality of wandering star bevel gears, wherein second helical teeth is connected to the driving element of power transmission, and both rotate synchronously, and the carrier gear is connected to the driven element of power transmission, both rotate synchronously, and first bevel gear then is connected to output shaft; Wherein, to drive and the power transmission effect of the power transmission of passive angular velocity operation is reassigned on the output shaft by differential dentition, output shaft then is delivered to external loading with an output angle speed with machine power; And with regard to an input shaft angular velocity and in the velocity range with regard to the corresponding output shaft angular velocity that state determined that inputs to input shaft and load, the driving element of power transmission and driven element both operate with nonstatic angular velocity.
35. a power transmission can have the input that can accept power from an external power supply for transmitting power, and can it is characterized in that this power transmission includes to an output of an external loading transmitting power:
One electromagnetic power transmitting set, it comprises one first electromagnetic element and one second electromagnetic element; This electromagnetic power transmitting set is accepted external power with an input angular velocity, and first and second electromagnetic element is respectively respectively with first and second angular velocity operation, to transmit power by the effect between first and second electromagnetic element; With
One rotary converter of magnetisable first electromagnetic element, first and second electromagnetic element entire combination of itself and electromagnetic power transmitting set is together; Wherein
This rotary converter is operated so that magnetize first electromagnetic element with a change of current angular velocity, and sets up one first rotating magnetic field in first electromagnetic element, and the angular velocity of one second rotating magnetic field that its angular velocity of rotation and second electromagnetic element are set up is synchronous; Wherein, this electromagnetic power transmitting set is with under the angular velocity that is synchronized with first and second rotating magnetic field, power transmission electromagnetic action during operation is rotated changer and is re-assigned in the output, and output then is delivered to external loading with power by the electromagnetic power transmitting set with an output angle speed.
36. power transmission as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that,
First electromagnetic element of this electromagnetic power transmitting set is for can heavily distributing the electromagnetism winding assembly so that set up a magnetization of this first rotating magnetic field by rotary converter is in addition excitatory; And
Second electromagnetic element of this electromagnetic power transmitting set is can be by excitatory so that set up an electromagnetic assembly of this second rotating magnetic field.
37. power transmission as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that,
It is an interchange armature that this magnetization heavily distributes the electromagnetism winding assembly, it includes a plurality of TURPs and changes AC Windings, and it is excitatory that each TURP changes the many phase alternating current institute that AC Windings all can be supplied in a kind of Methodistic mode by rotary converter, so that set up this first rotating magnetic field;
This electromagnetism winding is a polyphase windings, and it can be excitatory by many phase alternating current institute, so that set up this second rotating magnetic field; And
The angular velocity of the change of current angular velocity of this rotary converter and second rotating magnetic field of being set up by second electromagnetic element forms asynchronous, and its change of current angular velocity equals angular velocity poor of the many phase alternating current that the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field and rotary converter supply first electromagnetic element.
38. power transmission as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that,
It is a direct current armature that this magnetization heavily distributes the electromagnetism winding assembly, it includes a plurality of TURPs and changes the direct current winding, and it is excitatory that each TURP changes the direct current institute that the direct current winding all can be supplied in a kind of Methodistic mode by rotary converter, so that set up this first rotating magnetic field;
This electromagnetism winding is a polyphase windings, and it can be excitatory by many phase alternating current institute, so that set up this second rotating magnetic field; And
The change of current angular velocity of this rotary converter forms with the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field of being set up by second electromagnetic element synchronously.
39. power transmission as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that,
It is an interchange armature that this magnetization heavily distributes the electromagnetism winding assembly, it includes a plurality of TURPs and changes AC Windings, and it is excitatory that each TURP changes the many phase alternating current institute that AC Windings all can be supplied in a kind of Methodistic mode by rotary converter, so that set up this first rotating magnetic field;
This electromagnetism winding is an electromagnet winding, and it can be excitatory by direct current institute, so that set up this second rotating magnetic field; And
The angular velocity of the change of current angular velocity of this rotary converter and second rotating magnetic field of being set up by second electromagnetic element forms asynchronous, and its change of current angular velocity equals the angular velocity difference of the many phase alternating current that the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field and rotary converter supply first electromagnetic element.
40. power transmission as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that,
It is a direct current armature that this magnetization heavily distributes the electromagnetism winding assembly, it includes a plurality of TURPs and changes the direct current winding, and it is excitatory that each TURP changes the direct current institute that the direct current winding all can be supplied in a kind of Methodistic mode by rotary converter, so that set up this first rotating magnetic field;
This electromagnetism winding is an electromagnet winding, and it can be excitatory by direct current institute, so that set up this second rotating magnetic field; And
The change of current angular velocity of this rotary converter forms with the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field of being set up by second electromagnetic element synchronously.
41. power transmission as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that,
It is an interchange armature that this magnetization heavily distributes the electromagnetism winding assembly, it includes a plurality of TURPs and changes AC Windings, and it is excitatory that each TURP changes the many phase alternating current institute that AC Windings all can be supplied in a kind of Methodistic mode by rotary converter, so that set up this first rotating magnetic field;
This electromagnetism winding is a permanent magnet assembly, and it can set up this second rotating magnetic field when being driven in rotation; And
The angular velocity of the change of current angular velocity of this rotary converter and second rotating magnetic field of being set up by second electromagnetic element forms asynchronous, and its change of current angular velocity equals angular velocity poor of the many phase alternating current that the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field and rotary converter supply first electromagnetic element.
42. power transmission as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that,
It is a direct current armature that this magnetization heavily distributes the electromagnetism winding assembly, it includes a plurality of TURPs and changes the direct current winding, and it is excitatory that each TURP changes the direct current institute that the direct current winding all can be supplied in a kind of Methodistic mode by rotary converter, so that set up this first rotating magnetic field;
This electromagnetism winding is a permanent magnet assembly, and it can set up this second rotating magnetic field when being driven in rotation; And
The change of current angular velocity of this rotary converter forms with the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field of being set up by second electromagnetic element synchronously.
43., it is characterized in that this rotary converter is a mechanical type rotary converter as the described power transmission of claim 37～42, its include a changer carbon brush holder and the plural number that carried by the changer carbon brush holder to the changer carbon brush; Wherein
Second electromagnetic element of this changer carbon brush holder and electromagnetic power transmitting set couples, and the right carbon brush of this each plural number is to be driven, so that rotate with changer angular velocity, and utilize that TURP changes excitatory and heavily distribute first rotating magnetic field of being set up in the electromagnetism winding assembly in the magnetization of first electromagnetic element rotated synchronously with second rotating magnetic field that second electromagnetic element is set up.
44. as the described power transmission of claim 37～42, it is characterized in that, this rotary converter is a semiconductor power electronic formula rotary converter, it includes a magnetic field angle position transducer, and the power electronic switching networking with a plurality of semiconductor switch, the magnetization that its each semiconductor switch all is connected to first electromagnetic element heavily distributes a corresponding winding in the electromagnetism winding assembly; Wherein
This magnetic field angle position transducer is that second electromagnetic element with the electromagnetic power transmitting set couples, so that the angular orientation of second rotating magnetic field that sensing is set up, and each semiconductor switch in the power electronic switching networking can be electrically coupled to magnetization and heavily distribute corresponding winding in the electromagnetism winding assembly, and the transducing signal of representing the sensing angular orientation of second rotating magnetic field is the switching unlatching and the open and-shut mode of semiconductor switch in the trigger switch networking, first rotating magnetic field that it is set up is rotated synchronously with second rotating magnetic field that second electromagnetic element is set up.
45. power transmission as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that,
This first electromagnetic element of electromagnetic power transmitting set is connected to the input of power transmission; And
This second electromagnetic element of electromagnetic power transmitting set is connected to the output of power transmission.
46. power transmission as claimed in claim 45, it is characterized in that, when this external loading becomes a power source and drives input one energy recycle device be connected to power transmission when carrying out reclaiming the energy by external loading, power transmission promptly transmits reverse kinetic current.
47. power transmission as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that,
This second electromagnetic element of electromagnetic power transmitting set is connected to the input of power transmission; And
This first electromagnetic element of electromagnetic power transmitting set is connected to the output of power transmission.
48. power transmission as claimed in claim 47, it is characterized in that, when this external loading becomes a power source and drives input one energy recycle device be connected to power transmission when carrying out reclaiming the energy by external loading, power transmission promptly transmits reverse kinetic current.
49. power transmission as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that,
It is a tubular rotor that this first electromagnetic element of electromagnetic power transmitting set comes down to;
It is the framework of a hollow circuit cylinder bodily form that this second electromagnetic element of electromagnetic power transmitting set comes down to; Wherein
This first and second electromagnetic element is supported in the mode that both the symmetrical longitudinal axis overlaps mutually, and rotor is set in the hollow space of framework, so that rotor and framework can be with respect to the rotational that overlaps, and both can relatively rotate.
50. power transmission as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that,
It is a tubular rotor that this second electromagnetic element of electromagnetic power transmitting set comes down to;
It is the framework of a hollow circuit cylinder bodily form that this first electromagnetic element of electromagnetic power transmitting set comes down to; Wherein
This first and second electromagnetic element is supported in the mode that both the symmetrical longitudinal axis overlaps mutually, and rotor is set in the hollow space of framework, so that rotor and framework can be with respect to the rotational that overlaps, and both can relatively rotate.
51. as the described power transmission of claim 37～42, it is characterized in that,
This is input as a running shaft, and it is connected on first electromagnetic element, so that accept the machine power input from external power supply; And
This is output as a running shaft, and it is connected on second electromagnetic element, so that to external loading output machine power.
52. as the described power transmission of claim 37～38, it is characterized in that,
This is input as an electric lead, and it is coupled on first electromagnetic element, so that accept the electric driving force input from external power supply; And
This is output as a running shaft, and it is connected on second electromagnetic element, so that to external loading output machine power.
53. as the described power transmission of claim 37～42, it is characterized in that,
This is input as a running shaft, and it is connected on first electromagnetic element, so that accept the machine power input from the external power supply part; And
This is output as an electric lead, and it is coupled on second electromagnetic element, so that to external loading output electric driving force.
54. as the described power transmission of claim 37～38, it is characterized in that,
This is input as an electric lead, and it is coupled on first electromagnetic element, so that accept the electric driving force input from external power supply; And
This is output as an electric lead, and it is coupled on second electromagnetic element, so that to external loading output electric driving force.
55. a machine power conveying means can have and can accept mechanokinetic one input from an external power supply for transmitting machine power, and can it is characterized in that this power transmission includes to an output of an external loading conveying mechanism power:
One electromagnetic power transmitting set, it includes an armature and a permanent magnet fields framework of direct current motor; This armature includes a plurality of windings and a changer ring, and the permanent magnet fields framework then includes a plurality of permanent magnets of being fixed on the framework inner circumference edge for setting up a magnetic field; The electromagnetic power transmitting set is accepted external impetus with an input angular velocity, and armature and permanent magnet fields framework each respectively with first and second angular velocity operation, with by armature and permanent magnet fields framework the effect between the magnetic field of foundation and transmit power separately; With
One rotary converter, a pair of changer carbon brush that it includes a changer carbon brush holder and is carried by the changer carbon brush holder can be for the magnetization armature; This changer carbon brush holder is connected on the permanent magnet fields framework, and this to carbon brush by contact changer ring, it also is driven in rotation to set up one first rotating magnetic field in these each a plurality of windings of armature, and its first rotating magnetic field with the rotation of first angular velocity is synchronous with the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field of being set up by the permanent magnet fields framework; Wherein this is driven carbon brush and rotates synchronously with second magnetic field, and the electromagnetic power transmitting set is rotated changer with the power transmission electromagnetic action that is taken place between first and second rotating magnetic field of synchronous angular velocity operation and reassigns in the output, and output then is delivered to external loading by the electromagnetic power transmitting set with an output angle speed with power.
56. a machine power conveying means can have and can accept mechanokinetic one input from an external power supply for transmitting machine power, and can it is characterized in that this power transmission includes to an output of an external loading conveying mechanism power:
One electromagnetic power transmitting set, it comprises a magnetisable rotor and a permanent magnet fields framework; This magnetisable rotor includes the winding assembly of a direct current motor, and it has a plurality of windings, and the permanent magnet fields framework includes a plurality of permanent magnets of being fixed on the framework inner circumference edge for setting up a magnetic field; The electromagnetic power transmitting set is accepted external impetus with an input angular velocity, and magnetisable rotor and permanent magnet fields framework each respectively with the operation of first and second angular velocity, with by magnetisable rotor and permanent magnet fields framework separately the effect between the magnetic field of foundation transmit power; With
Semiconductor power electronic changer, it includes a magnetic field angle position transducer, and the power electronic switching networking with a plurality of semiconductor switch, magnetisable rotor can be magnetized; This magnetic field angle position transducer and permanent magnet fields framework couple, so that the angular orientation of second rotating magnetic field that sensing is set up, and each semiconductor switch in the power electronic switching networking, can be electrically coupled to the corresponding winding in the magnetisable rotor, and the transducing signal of representing the sensing angular orientation in magnetic field is the switching unlatching and the open and-shut mode of semiconductor switch in the trigger switch networking, first rotating magnetic field that it is set up is rotated synchronously with second rotating magnetic field that the permanent magnet fields framework is set up; And the power transmission electromagnetic action that is taken place between electromagnetic power transmitting set first and second rotating magnetic field with synchronous angular velocity operation, reassigned in the output by the semiconductor power electronic inverter, and output is delivered to external loading by the electromagnetic power transmitting set with an output angle speed with power.
57. a machine power conveying means can have and can accept mechanokinetic one input from an external power supply for transmitting machine power, and can it is characterized in that this power transmission includes to an output of an external loading conveying mechanism power:
One electromagnetic power transmitting set, it includes an armature and an electromagnetic field framework of direct current motor; This armature includes a plurality of windings and a changer ring, the electromagnetic field framework then includes a polyphase ac winding and has a rotor and a Wechselstrommotor of a winding, and a polyphase alternating current that is occurred in the winding assembly of the field winding that connects and polyphase ac winding is set up a magnetic field; The electromagnetic power transmitting set is accepted external impetus with an input angular velocity, and armature and electromagnetic field framework each respectively with first and second angular velocity operation, with by armature and electromagnetic field framework the effect between the magnetic field of foundation and transmit power separately; With
One rotary converter, a pair of changer carbon brush that it includes a changer carbon brush holder and is carried by the changer carbon brush holder can be for the magnetization armature; This changer carbon brush holder is connected on the electromagnetic field framework, this then contacts the changer ring to carbon brush, it also is driven in rotation to set up one first rotating magnetic field among these each a plurality of windings of armature, and its first rotating magnetic field with the rotation of first angular velocity is synchronous with the angular velocity of second rotating magnetic field of being set up by the electromagnetic field framework; Wherein this is driven carbon brush and rotates synchronously with second magnetic field, and the power transmission electromagnetic action that is taken place between electromagnetic power transmitting set first and second rotating magnetic field with the operation of synchronous angular velocity is rotated changer and reassigns in the output, and output then is delivered to external loading by the electromagnetic power transmitting set with an output angle speed with power.
58. a machine power conveying means can have and can accept mechanokinetic one input from an external power supply for transmitting machine power, and can it is characterized in that this power transmission includes to an output of an external loading conveying mechanism power:
One electromagnetic power transmitting set, it comprises a magnetisable rotor and an electromagnetic field framework; This magnetisable rotor includes the winding assembly of a direct current motor, it has a plurality of windings, the electromagnetic field framework then includes a polyphase ac winding and has a Wechselstrommotor of a rotor and a winding, and a polyphase alternating current that is occurred in the winding assembly of a winding that connects and polyphase ac winding is set up a magnetic field; The electromagnetic power transmitting set is accepted external impetus with an input angular velocity, and magnetisable rotor and electromagnetic field framework each respectively with the operation of first and second angular velocity, with by magnetisable rotor and electromagnetic field framework the effect between the magnetic field of foundation and transmit power separately; With
Semiconductor power electronic changer, it includes a magnetic field angle position transducer, and the power electronic switching networking with a plurality of semiconductor switch, magnetisable rotor can be magnetized; This magnetic field angle position transducer and electromagnetic field framework couple, so that the angular orientation of second rotating magnetic field that sensing is set up, and power electronic is opened and the networking in each semiconductor switch can be electrically coupled to corresponding winding in the magnetisable rotor, and the transducing signal of representing the magnetic field sensing angular orientation is the switching unlatching and the open and-shut mode of semiconductor switch in the trigger switch networking, first rotating magnetic field that it is set up is rotated synchronously with second rotating magnetic field that the electromagnetic field framework is set up; And the power transmission electromagnetic action that is taken place between electromagnetic power transmitting set first and second rotating magnetic field with synchronous angular velocity operation, reassigned in the output by the semiconductor power electronic inverter, output then is delivered to external loading by the electromagnetic power transmitting set with an output angle speed with power.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98118818 CN1246587A (en) | 1998-08-31 | 1998-08-31 | Power transmission equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 98118818 CN1246587A (en) | 1998-08-31 | 1998-08-31 | Power transmission equipment |
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| CN1246587A true CN1246587A (en) | 2000-03-08 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105065618A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hydraulic coupler |
| CN105065616A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hydraulic coupler |
-
1998
- 1998-08-31 CN CN 98118818 patent/CN1246587A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105065618A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hydraulic coupler |
| CN105065616A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hydraulic coupler |
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