CN1245552A - Static pressure noncontact gas seal - Google Patents
Static pressure noncontact gas seal Download PDFInfo
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- CN1245552A CN1245552A CN 97181484 CN97181484A CN1245552A CN 1245552 A CN1245552 A CN 1245552A CN 97181484 CN97181484 CN 97181484 CN 97181484 A CN97181484 A CN 97181484A CN 1245552 A CN1245552 A CN 1245552A
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Abstract
A static pressure noncontact gas seal, wherein the diameter (d2) of a second outer peripheral part of a stationary sealing ring with which a second O-ring is in contact is smaller than the diameter (d1) of a first outer peripheral part of the stationary sealing ring with which a first O-ring is in contact, whereby the pressure of sealing gas supplied in to a first closed space gives the stationary sealing ring a pressing pressure in the direction of a rotary sealing ring. A second closed space communicates with an in-machine region (F) via a back pressure introducing passage, and the in-machine gas pressure in the second closed space acts as the back pressure on the stationary sealing ring .
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the static pressure noncontact gas seal that uses in the rotating equipments such as the turbine engine that is adapted at all gases such as poisonous gas, inflammable gas, explosive gas, mix dust gas are handled, gas compressor, compressor, stirrer, rotary valve.
Background technique
As existing static pressure noncontact gas seal 101, it is known to have a structure person shown in Figure 8 (to call " existing sealing " in the following text).
As shown in Figure 8, should existing sealing 101 constitute like this, that is, have the rotating seal ring 102 that is fixed on the running shaft 110, be maintained in can 103 circular by pair of O type ring 106,106 and can make axially movable standstill seal ring 104 on the perimembranous, be installed between the position, the back side of standstill seal ring 104 and the can 103 and push the spring 105 that standstill seal ring 104 makes it to tend to rotating seal ring 102; Be formed at the seal face 120,140 on the end in opposite directions of two seal rings 102,104, keep contactless state by the static pressure that acts between them, and, annular region between seal face 120,140, with its outer Monday side sealed fluid mass be machine inner region F and in it Monday side machine exterior domain (atmosphere zone) A of non-tight fluid mass between seal.
In the annular region between seal face 120,140, by formed shallow grooves on the seal face 140 of standstill seal ring 104 is in the static pressure occurrence groove 109, introduce pressure than the pressure (machine internal pressure) of machine inner region F high such as sealing gas such as nitrogen 108, make the static pressure that keeps contactless state between the seal face 120,140 with generation.Promptly, the sealing gas 108 that is introduced in the static pressure occurrence groove 109 forms the hydrostatic fluid film between seal face 120,140, rely on the existence of this fluid film, make seal face 120,140 keep contactless states and will seal between machine inner region F and the machine exterior domain A.Because the pressure of sealing gas 108 is than machine internal pressure height, therefore, though sealing gas 108 can be from leaking to machine inner region F and machine exterior domain A between the seal face 120,140, but the sealed fluid of machine inner region F is that gas can not enter between the seal face 120,140 in the machine, and can not leak to machine exterior domain A fully.
As shown in Figure 8, sealing gas 108 carries out via formed continuous seal gas supply passage 180 on can 103 and the standstill seal ring 104 to the supply of static pressure occurrence groove 109.Sealing gas supply passage 180 is made of following part, that is: be formed between the peripheral part of the interior perimembranous of can 103 and standstill seal ring 104, by axial pair of O type ring 106,106 annular sealed spaces that sealed 171 arranged side by side; Be formed at the 1st path 181 on the can 103, that sealing gas 108 is supplied with to confined space 171; And be formed at the 2nd path 182 on the standstill seal ring 104, that will introduce in the static pressure occurrence grooves 109 by throttle orifice 183 to sealing gas that confined space 171 is supplied with 108.Be introduced into the sealing gas 108 in the static pressure occurrence groove 109,, make between the seal face 120,140 through between the seal faces 120,140 and flow out from static pressure occurrence groove 109 because of existing the fluid film that forms by static pressure to keep contactless state to machine inner region F and machine exterior domain A.Seal face 120, remain on the contactless state that opening force and closing force balance each other between 140, said opening force is towards making seal face 120, the power that the direction of opening between the 140 works (power that is produced by the pressure (static pressure) that is incorporated into the sealing gas 108 in the static pressure occurrence groove 109 and (be formed with on the end of seal face 140 by the seal face side outer peripheral portion that acts on standstill seal ring 104, than seal face 140 more by the annular portion of outer circumferential side) power that produced of machine internal pressure on 148), said closing force is towards making seal face 120, the power that the direction of 140 closures works (by the spring 105 of standstill seal ring 104 to the pushing of rotating seal ring 102 directions produced).The pressure that is incorporated into the sealing gas 108 in the static pressure occurrence groove 109 will be set than machine internal pressure height corresponding to the size of machine internal pressure, the elastic force (spring load) of the spring 105 of decision closing force size is then set the gap suitable (usually, being 5～15 μ m) that makes between the seal face 120,140 for according to the size of sealing gas 108 pressure.Because sealing gas 108 introduces static pressure occurrence groove 109 in after throttle orifice 183 throttlings, thereby, even when the gap of seal face 120,140 changes, also can adjust this gap automatically and to make it maintenance suitable.Promptly, when reason such as vibration takes place owing to this rotating equipment, when the gap of seal face 120,140 becomes big, the amount of the amount of the sealing gas that flows out between seal face 120,140 from static pressure occurrence groove 109 and the sealing gas supplied with to static pressure occurrence groove 109 via throttle orifice 183 is unbalance, thereby the reduction of the pressure in the static pressure occurrence groove 109, cause opening force less than closing force, therefore, gap between the seal face 120,140 is tending towards diminishing, thereby the size adjustment in said gap is suitable.Otherwise when the gap smaller between the seal face 120,140, because the same throttling action, the pressure in the static pressure occurrence groove 109 rises, and opening force is greater than closing force, thus the increase of the gap of seal face 120,140, thus the adjustment of said gap is suitable.
Existing sealing 101 is same with the dynamic pressure type noncontact gas seal, keeps contactless state between its seal face 120,140, thereby can avoid 120,140 of seal faces that sintering takes place, and can keep the sealing to gas in the machine for a long time well.And, existing sealing 101 for the dynamic pressure type noncontact gas seal the gas that can not seal also can be sealed well, have than dynamic pressure type noncontact gas seal purposes widely.Promptly, as the dynamic pressure type noncontact gas seal, as everyone knows, it is a square one-tenth dynamic pressure occurrence groove at counterrotating sealing surface, utilize the effect of this dynamic pressure occurrence groove, producing dynamic pressure by the machine internal pressure between seal face, be contactless state thereby keep between seal face, belong to allow basically the interior gas of machine between the seal face to the seal form of machine external leakage.Therefore, be that poisonous gas, inflammable gas, explosive gas etc. belong to its character and do not allow occasion to the gas of machine external leakage for gas in the machine, can not adopt the dynamic pressure type noncontact gas seal.In contrast to this, existing sealing 101 as static pressure noncontact gas seal, its structure is to be higher than the sealing gas 108 of machine internal pressure by supply pressure between seal face 120,140 and can to stop in the machine gas to the machine external leakage as described above fully, therefore, also be suitable in the rotating equipment of handling poisonous gas, inflammable gas, explosive gas and so on gas, using well.
But,, use well in the rotating equipment that is unsuitable under condition of high voltage, moving existing following problems under the higher condition of high voltage of machine internal pressure though existing sealing 101 is better than the dynamic pressure type noncontact gas seal as described above.
That is, as existing sealing 101, for gas leakage in the prevention machine is set the pressure of sealing gas 108 to such an extent that be higher than the machine internal pressure, so under condition of high voltage, opening force will be very big.Thereby, in order to make this opening force and to balance each other and make the gap between the seal face 120,140 keep suitablely, also the elastic force of spring 105 must be set than big under the low pressure condition by closing force that spring action produced.On the other hand, when supply out of service when equipment, sealing gas 108 stopped, the two balance of opening force and closing force was broken, under the effect of spring 105, standstill seal ring 104 is moved at the end to the pushing of rotating seal ring direction, makes between the seal face 120,140 closed.Therefore, in the bigger occasion of the elastic force of spring 105, might be when stopping to supply with sealing gas 108, standstill seal ring 104 violent bump rotating seal rings 102, thus cause rotating seal ring 102,104 and even seal face 120,140 impaired or destructions.
In addition, existing sealing 101, its opening force is only determined by spring load and is determined value, so under the condition that the machine internal pressure changes, can not bring into play good sealing function, uses well in the rotating equipment that is unsuitable for moving under this condition.
Promptly, as previously mentioned, can be by the opening force that produces with pressure by the closing force that spring load produced by the sealing gas of being introduced in the static pressure occurrence groove 109 108, keep seal face 120 by the unlatching equilibrium of forces that the machine internal pressure that acts on seal face side outer peripheral portion 148 is produced, 140 is contactless state, but, the pressure of spring load and sealing gas 108 is certain, therefore, when variation along with the machine internal pressure, when the above-mentioned opening force that produces by the machine internal pressure changes, disequilibrium between opening force and the closing force, thereby can not make seal face 120, it is suitable that gap between 140 keeps, and can not carry out good sealing to gas in the machine.For example, when the machine internal pressure that sets after the pressure of having set sealing gas and the spring load is higher than design pressure as benchmark, might cause the closing force deficiency, the opening degree between the seal face 120,140 surpasses normal need, causes the interior gas of machine to leak to machine exterior domain A.On the contrary, if the machine internal pressure is higher than design pressure, the opening force deficiency causes seal face 120,140 to contact.
The occasion that changes for the machine internal pressure, though also can consider according to the variation adjustment of machine internal pressure and the way of the pressure of control sealing gas 108, but owing to the closing force that has sealing 101 now only depends on spring load to guarantee is definite value, so can not adopt this method.That is, when the pressure by control sealing gas 108 changed opening force, for realizing balance with opening force, it is excessive or too small that closing force will become, thereby produce the pressure one existing problem of occasion regularly of sealing gas 108 as mentioned above.
As mentioned above, as existing sealing 101, can not bring into play good sealing function under condition of high voltage He under the variation in pressure condition, its purposes is subjected to great restriction.
Disclosure of an invention
The objective of the invention is, a kind of pressure condition regardless of sealed fluid mass is provided, all the static pressure noncontact gas seal that can seal well sealed fluid.
Another object of the present invention is, provides a kind of and can reduce needed spring load as much as possible, can prevent to move the static pressure noncontact gas seal that seal face when stopping is impaired because of bump and even damage.
A further object of the present invention is that a kind of static pressure noncontact gas seal that can use in wider pressure range is provided.
Above-mentioned purpose relies on the static pressure noncontact gas seal of following formation to realize.
That is, as static pressure noncontact gas seal of the present invention, its can has columnar shell inner cylinder portion, the enclosure wall section of perimembranous and annular that above-mentioned two-part are coupled together in the circular housing of this shell inner cylinder portion.Being on the running shaft that concentric shape runs through the shell inner cylinder portion, be fixed with rotating seal ring.The standstill seal ring is held on the can by the 1st and the 20th type environmental protection and is and rotating seal ring state in opposite directions, and can move in the axial direction.
The the 1st and the 20th type ring to be separated by set interval and state arranged side by side in the axial direction, is contained in the peripheral part of standstill seal ring and the shell between the perimembranous, with the standstill seal ring be held in can with the state of secondary seal vertically in shell perimembranous move.The 10th type ring is positioned on the position than the more close rotating seal ring of the 20th type ring.
The 30th type ring is contained between the interior perimembranous and shell inner cylinder portion of standstill seal ring, and the standstill seal ring is held in and can moves to the shell inner cylinder portion vertically with the secondary seal state.Identical rotary side seal face and the Stationary side seal face of external diameter in being formed with on the end face in opposite directions of two seal rings.
Between standstill seal ring and enclosure wall section, be equipped with and act on the standstill seal ring and its spring to rotating seal ring pushing.Be formed at the annular space between interior perimembranous of shell and the standstill seal ring peripheral part, be the 1st confined space that is sealed by the 1st and the 20th type ring.Be formed at the annular space between the back side of enclosure wall section and standstill seal ring, be the 2nd confined space that is sealed by the 2nd and the 30th type ring.On the Stationary side seal face as the seal face of standstill seal ring, be formed with and be with the concentric ring-type of Stationary side seal face and a plurality of static pressure occurrence grooves arranged side by side.On can and standstill seal ring, be formed with the continuous seal gas supply passage that is communicated with the static pressure occurrence groove.The sealing gas supply passage than the high sealing gas of pressure in the sealed fluid mass of the outer circumferential side of two seal faces, is supplied with through the 1st confined space pressure to the static pressure occurrence groove.
And, as the standstill seal ring, the interior perimembranous of the 20th type ring the diameter of the 2nd outer peripheral portion of contact with it, the diameter of the 1st outer peripheral portion that contacts with it than the interior perimembranous institute of the 10th type ring is little.Because it is poor that the 1st and the 2nd outer peripheral portion exists diameter, so by supplying to the pressure of the sealing gas in the 1st confined space between the 10th type ring and the 20th type ring, effect has the pushing force of pointing to the rotating seal ring direction on the standstill seal ring.This pushing force works as the closing force that works on the direction with the seal face closure.Its result compares with the occasion that only depends on spring load to obtain the realization closing force required with the opening force balance, can reduce the size of spring load.
In addition, the two is communicated with sealed fluid mass and the 2nd confined space to import path by back pressure, so that the pressure of sealed fluid mass acts on the standstill seal ring as back pressure.Because the existence of this back pressure, effect has the pushing force of pointing to the rotating seal ring direction on the standstill seal ring.This pushing force works as closing force, and spring load is further reduced.Therefore, even under the higher condition of high voltage of the pressure of sealed fluid mass, can set the elastic force of spring as far as possible little, so, needn't worry that also spring load can cause the violent bump of seal face and impaired and even damage even stopping to supply with under the operation halted state of sealing gas.And, because being variation in pressure with sealed fluid mass, this closing force changes pro rata, therefore,, bring into play good seal action even under the condition that the pressure of sealed fluid mass changes, closing force and opening force are balanced each other.
In addition,, can between seal face, form suitable hydrostatic fluid film as described later, bring into play good seal action by sealing gas owing to adopt following structure.
That is, the groove width b that is formed at the static pressure occurrence groove on the Stationary side seal face sets like this: the groove width that its radial width with respect to the sealing end face is seal f ace width B is 0.05≤b/B≤0.3 than b/B.In addition, from the radial distance B of static pressure occurrence groove periphery to the Stationary side seal face
oOr to the sealing end face the radial distance B of periphery
iSet like this: with and groove width b and seal f ace width B between have B-b=B
o+ B
iThe pass be prerequisite, be set at 0.3B≤B
o≤ 0.7B-b or 0.3B≤B
i≤ 0.7B-b.In addition, the groove depth L with the static pressure occurrence groove is set at 0.3～1.0mm.And the static pressure occurrence groove is set at the size suitable with the groove width of static pressure occurrence groove at the interval that the footpath of Stationary side seal face makes progress.
In addition, by adopting following structure, can enlarge pressure range applicatory as described later significantly.
That is, the pressure that is introduced in the sealing gas in the static pressure occurrence groove is the pressure of sealing gas in the static pressure occurrence groove, the high 0.5～1.5bar of the pressure of more sealed fluid mass.And, equilibrium ratio K is set at 0.8≤K≤0.9, said equilibrium ratio K when being formed with the 30th type ring hooking part on the standstill seal ring, the interior perimembranous of the 30th type ring when being formed with the 30th type ring hooking part on the diameter of the can part of contact or the shell inner cylinder portion with it, the diameter D of the standstill seal loop section that contacts with it of the peripheral part institute of the 30th type ring
m, with the inside diameter D of Stationary side seal face
1And outer diameter D
2Determine i.e. K=((D
2)
2-(D
m)
2)/((D
2)
2-(D
1)
2).Wherein, the 30th type ring hooking part is to be used for stoping under the effect of the sealed hydrodynamic pressure of the 30th type ring in introducing the 2nd confined space moving to the rotating seal ring direction.
The simple declaration of accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 be one of noncontact gas seal involved in the present invention example vertically partly cut open side view.
Fig. 2 is that this noncontact gas seal that analyse and observe at different with Fig. 1 in a circumferential direction positions vertically partly cuts open side view.
Fig. 3 carries out enlarged detailed to the major component of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the plan view of the seal face of standstill seal ring in this noncontact gas seal.
Fig. 5 is vertical profile side view variation, suitable with Fig. 3 of noncontact gas seal involved in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the vertical profile side view another variation, suitable with Fig. 3 of noncontact gas seal involved in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the graph of relation of equilibrium ratio and groove pressure (pressure of sealing gas in the static pressure occurrence groove) and machine internal pressure (pressure of sealed fluid mass) in the noncontact gas seal involved in the present invention.
Fig. 8 be existing sealing vertically partly cut open side view.
The best form of implementation of invention
Fig. 1～Fig. 4 illustrates the best form of implementation of static pressure noncontact gas seal of the present invention.For simplicity, in the following description, with among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 " about " be called " front and back ".
As Fig. 1～static pressure noncontact gas seal 1 shown in Figure 4, the basic principle of its seal action is identical with existing sealing 101, it constitutes: be fixed between the standstill seal ring 4 that is kept on rotating seal ring 2 on the running shaft 10 and the can 3, being that intermediary keeps contactless state by the formed fluid film of static pressure, and with the outer circumferential side zone of the annular region in opposite directions of two seal rings 2,4 be sealed fluid mass F and in it territory, all lateral areas be to seal between the A of non-tight fluid mass.In this example, sealed fluid mass F is the pressurized gas zone that is connected in the machine with the rotating equipment that this static pressure noncontact gas seal 1 is installed, below, should be called " machine inner region " by zone F, the sealed fluid in this zone is called " gas in the machine ", with its pressure P
fBe called " machine internal pressure ".And machine exterior domain A is the atmosphere zone that is connected outward with the machine of this rotating equipment, below, should be called " machine exterior domain " by zone A.Below said pressure is with respect to atmospheric gauge pressure (bar) in the explanation.
Can 3 has shell inner cylinder portion 31 cylindraceous, be concentric shape perimembranous 32 and with the enclosure wall section 33 of the annular that links up between these two- part 31,32 in the shell of the circle of this shell inner cylinder portion 31.
Running shaft 10 is concentric shape and runs through shell inner cylinder portion 31 and extend upward in front and back, and rotating seal ring 2 is positioned at the place ahead of can inner cylinder portion 31, is fixed on the running shaft 10 by sleeve shape fixed component 11,12.
On the end in opposite directions of two seal rings 2,4, be formed with interior outer diameter D
1, D
2Identical respectively rotary side seal face 20 and Stationary side seal face 40.The interior outer diameter D of each seal face 20,40
1, D
2Be suitably to set according to the air-proof conditions such as diameter of running shaft 10.The seal face of rotating seal ring 2 is that the seal face of seal face 20 and standstill seal ring 4 is a seal face 40, is made of the level and smooth planar annular with axis normal.The structural material of each seal ring 2,4 as everyone knows, is suitably selected according to air-proof condition.In this example, standstill seal ring 4 constitutes with carbon material.Though rotating seal ring 2 constitutes with SUS316, seal face 20 especially as shown in Figure 3, with CrO
2Constitute Deng cramic coat 21.
The the 1st and the 20th type ring 61,62 is as Fig. 1～shown in Figure 3, being the state that is suitably compressed in the peripheral part of standstill seal ring 4 and shell between the perimembranous 32 inserts, when allowing standstill seal ring 4 direction move (to moving axially) forwards, backwards, to carrying out secondary seal between the perimembranous 32 in the peripheral part of standstill seal ring 4 and the shell.Therefore, be formed with the 1st confined space 71 of the annular that is sealed by the 1st and the 20th type ring 61,62 in the peripheral part of standstill seal ring 4 and the shell between the perimembranous 32.
Be provided with highlightedly on the peripheral part of standstill seal ring 4, between two O type rings 61,62 and move and the O type ring hooking part 43 of the 20th type ring 62 mobile annular that limits forwards the 10th type ring 61 is rearward.On the perimembranous 32, be formed with the 10th type ring hooking part 34 in the shell to the 10th type ring 61 mobile annular that restricts forwards, and to the 20th type ring 62 rearward the 20th type ring hooking parts 35 that move the annular that limits.Because the existence of these hooking parts 34,35,43, even the 1st and the 20th type ring 61,62 under the effect of the 1st confined space 71 external and internal pressure differences forwards, backwards direction move, the interval that also can guarantee two O type rings 61,62 keeps within the specific limits, and can be not close to each other or separate too closely or too far away.Promptly, as two O type rings 61,62, even they move under the effect of the external and internal pressure difference of the 1st confined space 71 in the axial direction, their moving range also is restricted, be limited on opening portion front and back two side positions that lead to the 1st confined space 71 of aftermentioned the 1st and the 2nd path 81,82, and this opening portion can not stopped up.
The diameter of standstill seal ring 4 peripheral parts is non-definite amount, will be than O type ring hooking part 43 more by the part of rear side (enclosure wall section side) the i.e. diameter d of the 2nd outer peripheral portion 42 that contacts with it of the interior perimembranous institute of the 20th type ring 62
2, set less than than the part of O type ring hooking part 43 more forward sides (rotating seal ring side) the i.e. diameter d of the 1st outer peripheral portion 41 that contacts with it of the interior perimembranous institute of the 10th type ring 61
1That is, owing to set d for
2＜d
1, after supplying with sealing gas 8 described later, at its pressure (below be called " seal gas pressure ") P to the 1st confined space 71
sEffect under, effect has the axial force of pointing to rotating seal ring direction (the place ahead) on standstill seal ring 4.This axial force is as at the closing force that works on the direction of ordering about seal face 20,40 closures (below be called " sealing gas closing force ") T
2And work, can be by formula T
2=(π/4) ((d
1)
2-(d
2)
2) P
sTry to achieve.
And semidiameter Δ the r (=d of two outer peripheral portions 41,42
1/ 2-d
2/ 2), can be at the diameter of considering running shaft 10 and the diameter D of seal face 120,140
1, D
2Etc. the condition of configuration aspects, and consider sealing gas closing force T
2And closing force T described later
1, T
3With opening force U described later
1, the balance between the U2 and sealing function the basis on, suitably set.In general, preferably selected in the scope of 0mm＜Δ r≤5mm.
The 30th type ring 63 is as Fig. 1～shown in Figure 3, be between the peripheral part that the state that suitably compressed inserts the interior perimembranous of standstill seal ring 4 and shell inner cylinder portion 31, when allowing standstill seal ring 4 direction move (moving to axial direction) forwards, backwards, with secondary seal between the peripheral part of perimembranous 32 in the interior perimembranous of standstill seal ring 4 and the shell.Therefore, be between back side portion and the enclosure wall section 33 at the rear face of standstill seal ring 4, be formed with the 2nd confined space 72 of the annular that is sealed by the 30th type ring and aforementioned the 20th type ring 62.On the interior perimembranous of standstill seal ring 4, be formed with the 30th type ring hooking part 44 of the annular that restriction the 30th type ring forwards moves with respect to standstill seal ring 4, in the tube portion 31, be formed with restriction the 30th type ring 61 hooking part 36 of mobile annular rearward in the enclosure.
As shown in Figure 2, be formed with the back pressure that machine inner region F is communicated with the 2nd confined space 72 on the standstill seal ring 4 and import path 45.Promptly, import path 45 as back pressure, the one end opening is on the seal face side outer peripheral portion (more leaning on the annular portion of outer circumferential side on the front end of standstill seal ring 4 than seal face 40) 48 of standstill seal ring 4, and the other end is opened in the back side portion of standstill seal ring 4, gas in the machine can be introduced to the 2nd confined space 72 from machine inner region F, be made and machine internal pressure P
fIdentical pressure is as back pressure p
f(=P
f) act on standstill seal ring 4.Because this back pressure p
fExistence, on standstill seal ring 4 effect have with its forwards (rotating seal ring direction) pushing axial force.This axial force is as at the closing force that works on the direction of ordering about seal face 20,40 closures (below be called " back pressure closing force ") T
1And work.But, owing to the 30th type ring hooking part 44 that stops the 30th type ring forwards to do to relatively move with respect to standstill seal ring 4 is formed on the standstill seal ring 4, so produce back pressure closing force T
1, back pressure p
fThe internal diameter of the annular pressurized zone that is acted on, the can that interior perimembranous contacted that is the 30th type ring partly are the diameter D of the peripheral part of shell inner cylinder portion 31
mAnd the external diameter of above-mentioned annular pressurized zone is the diameter d of the 2nd outer peripheral portion 42
2, therefore, by back pressure p
fThe back pressure closing force T that is produced
1Can be by T
1=(π/4) ((d
2)
2-(D
m)
2) p
fObtain corresponding variation pro rata with the variation of machine inner region F pressure.And import path 45 as back pressure, its be formed at formation position on the standstill seal ring 4 therewith equally, should consider to make it not intersect with the 2nd path 81 described later.
In the 2nd confined space 72, be provided with and act on standstill seal ring 4 and its a plurality of springs 5 to rotating seal ring direction pushing ... (only illustrating one among the figure).These springs 5 ..., in the annular region that with running shaft 10 is the center, state arranged side by side is equipped between the back side portion and enclosure wall section 33 of standstill seal ring 4 to be separated by set interval.Satisfy the following the 1st and the scope of the 2nd condition in, the elastic force of each spring 5 is set at minimum required limit.
That is, the 1st condition is a kind of like this necessity and adequate condition, is promptly guaranteeing by relying on all springs 5 ... elastic force (spring load) and the closing force that obtains (below be called " spring closing force ") T
3Provide and opening force U described later
1, U
2Realize on the basis of the closing force that balance is required, with aforementioned closing force T
1, T
2Insufficient section is replenished.And the 2nd condition is meant, equipment is out of service, when the supply of sealing gas 8 stops, can depending on spring closing force T
3, make standstill seal ring 4 overcome the slip resistance of O type ring 61,62,63 and move smoothly and well and remain on the position that makes it to be the state that contacts with rotating seal ring 2 (will between the seal face 20,40 sealing and make the state that gas can not leak in the machine).In general, as the 1st condition, because of closing force T
1, T
2Relation and be contained in the 2nd condition, therefore, as long as in satisfying the scope of the 2nd condition, the elastic force of setting spring 5 is that minimum required limit gets final product.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, on seal face 40, be formed with and be with the concentric annular of sealing end face 40 and a plurality of static pressure occurrence grooves 9 arranged side by side ...And, on can 3 and standstill seal ring 4, be formed with pressure than machine internal pressure P
fHigh sealing gas 8 is supplied with the continuous seal gas supply passage 80 of static pressure occurrence groove 9, sealing 101 is same with having now, utilization is introduced into static pressure occurrence groove 9 ... in sealing gas 8 and make and keep contactless state between the seal face 20,40, and will seal between machine inner region F and the machine exterior domain A.
Sealing gas supply passage 80 is to be formed at the 1st path 81 on the can 3 and to be formed at the continuous path that the 2nd path 82 on the standstill seal ring 4 is communicated with by 71 realizations of the 1st confined space as Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4.The 1st path 81 is connected with not shown sealing gas supply source, and perimembranous 32 upper sheds in the enclosure are in the 1st confined space 71.This opening portion be configured in the O type ring hooking part 43 mutually close with limiting the 1st and the 20th type ring 61,62 over against the position on.One end of the 2nd path 82 runs through O type ring hooking part 43 and is opened on the 1st confined space 71, its other end fork and be opened on central position on the length direction of each static pressure occurrence groove 9.On the 2nd path 82, be provided with suitable throttle mechanism (in this example, be throttle orifice) 83, this throttle mechanism 83 is disposed on the appropriate location of upstream side at the fork position of leading to each static pressure occurrence groove 9, performance and described throttle orifice 183 said functions of this specification the beginning part.As sealing gas 8, flow out also harmless gas (for example, can to machine in the proterties of gas, composition, quality etc. do not produce harmful effect, harmless gas) even suitably select from each regional F, A according to air-proof condition (in the machine proterties of gas etc.).The general employing is nonactive and harmless nitrogen to all gases.Sealing gas 8 is only being supplied with when the rotating equipment that is equipped with this static pressure noncontact gas seal 1 is in running state, and is being stopped to supply with after this equipment is out of service.Usually, the operation of this equipment (to the driving of running shaft 10), be after the supply of sealing gas 8 begins and seal face 20,40 between remain on and begin after the contactless state, be after this equipment back out of service and running shaft 10 stop the rotation fully, to carry out and stop to supply with sealing gas 8.
Pressure for the sealing gas of supplying with to the 1st path 81 from not shown sealing gas supply source, do following control, make promptly that via throttle orifice 83 be pressure (below be called " groove pressure ") p in each static pressure occurrence groove 9 from the 2nd path 82 to the pressure of the sealing gas 8 that each static pressure occurrence groove 9 is introduced
sThan machine internal pressure P
fHigh 0.5～1.5bar.Its reason is, though be formed at circumferential lengths R on the seal face 40, to each other seal face part of static pressure occurrence groove 9,9 (below be called " end face part between groove ") 49, be to be set at the size identical or roughly the same as described later, but work as p with the groove width of static pressure occurrence groove 9
s＜P
fDuring+0.5bar, the fluid film that is generated by the sealing gas 8 that is formed between the seal face 20,40, its pressure distribution with groove between the corresponding position of end face part 49 produce big variation, and the fluid film pressure of end face part 49 corresponding positions will be lower than machine internal pressure P between groove
fThereby, might cause in the machine gas to leak to machine exterior domain A between the two from end face part between groove 49 and rotary side seal face 20.And work as p
s＞P
fDuring+0.5bar, selfsealings end face 20,40 will be above normal amount to the amount of the sealing gas that machine inner region F leaks.
In this embodiment, for the groove pressure p
sBe maintained in P as described above
f+ 0.5bar≤p
s≤ P
f+ 1.5bar, and with seal gas pressure P
sBe controlled at Pf+1.5bar≤P
s≤ P
f+ 2.5bar.But, for seal gas pressure P
s, (during running shaft 10 rotations) machine internal pressure P when this equipment operation
fThough do not change or change but less occasion (for example, the machine internal pressure P of its amplitude of variation
fAmplitude of variation be the occasion of 0～0.3bar), make it satisfy above-mentioned condition (P
f+ 0.5bar≤p
s≤ P
f+ 1.5bar or P
f+ 1.5bar≤P
s≤ P
fKeep certain in+2.5bar) the scope.And at operation internal pressure P on opportunity
fThe occasion that amplitude of variation is bigger (for example, machine internal pressure P
fAmplitude of variation surpass the occasion of 0.3bar), if make seal gas pressure P
sKeep certain, the phenomenon of above-mentioned condition then can occur satisfying, therefore, preferably according to machine internal pressure P
fVariation machine internal pressure P is regulated and control to satisfy above-mentioned condition.These regulation and control can be easy to realize by adopting known control system such as differential pressure control valve.Certainly, at machine internal pressure P
fThe occasion of amplitude of variation less (for example be 0.3bar following), also can be according to machine internal pressure P
fVariation to seal gas pressure P
sRegulate and control.
Like this, thus introducing sealing gas 8 effects when selfsealings gas supply passage 80 to each static pressure occurrence groove 9 has groove pressure p as above-mentioned static pressure
sThe time, with the described static pressure noncontact gas seal 1 of this specification the beginning part similarly, in effect between the seal face 20,40 opening force that seal face 20,40 is separated (below be called " sealing gas opening force ") U is arranged
1, sealing gas opening force U
1And by acting on the machine internal pressure P of seal face side outer peripheral portion 48
fAnd the opening force that axial force produced that standstill seal ring 4 is rearward pushed (below be called " gas opening force in the machine ") U
2With aforementioned closing force T
1, T
2, T
3Balance each other, make between the seal face 20,40 to keep contactless state.Gas opening force U in the machine
2Can be by formula U
2=(π/4) ((d
1)
2-(D
2)
2) P
fTry to achieve.
So, as closing force, except the spring closing force T that spring load produced
3Outside, also have back pressure closing force T
1With sealing gas closing force T
2Thereby, only compare with whole closing force by the existing sealing 101 that spring load obtains, can make and opening force U
1, U
2Realize that the necessary spring load of balance reduces significantly, can set the elastic force of each spring 5 for minimum required limit as described above.
But as static pressure noncontact gas seal 1 of the present invention, its structure will import path 45 by back pressure as the 1st confined space 71 in the zone, the back side of standstill seal ring 4 and be communicated with machine inner region F as previously mentioned, make machine internal pressure P
fAs back pressure p
fAct on standstill seal ring 4, therefore, sealing 1 can be made the balanced seal structure that is applicable under the condition of high voltage.That is, the equilibrium ratio K in this static pressure noncontact gas seal 1 can accomplish below 1.The equilibrium ratio K here, the same with known balanced seal, can be by the interior outer diameter D of seal face 20,40
1, D
2And effect has back pressure p on the standstill seal ring 4
fThe i.e. diameter D of the interior perimembranous surface of contact of the 30th type ring 63 of internal diameter of ring-type pressurized zone
mDecision in the design, can be designed to K=((D
2)
2-(D
m)
2)/((D
2)
2-(D
1)
2).
On the other hand, for static pressure noncontact gas seal 1 of the present invention, with the groove pressure p
sBe maintained P as previously mentioned
f+ 0.5bar≤p
s≤ P
fThe occasion of+1.5bar is if K is K＜0.8 or 0.9＜K≤1, then machine internal pressure P as shown in Figure 7
fApplication area will narrow down.
Because this reason is in order both to satisfy P
f+ 0.5bar≤p
s≤ P
fThe condition of+1.5bar is again applicable to the pressure range of broad, with equilibrium ratio K (=((D
2)
2-(D
m)
2)/((D
2)
2-(D
1)
2)) be set at 0.8≤K≤0.9.
The axle center that each static pressure occurrence groove 9 is with standstill seal ring 4 is the circular shape at center, all static pressure occurrence grooves 9 ... be same shape.The formation quantity of static pressure occurrence groove 9 is generally according to air-proof condition (the interior outer diameter D of Stationary side seal face 40
1, D
2Deng) in 3～12 scope, suitably set.In this example, 4 static pressure occurrence grooves 9 are arranged ... R forms upwards being separated by in the week of standstill seal end face 40 uniformly-spaced.
The groove depth L of static pressure occurrence groove 9 is a definite value, owing to following reason is set at 0.3mm≤L≤1.0mm.That is, if L＞1.0mm, then the internal volume of groove 9 becomes big, results from sealing gas 8 compressible wild effects so be easy to generate.For example, might cause the groove pressure p
sCause that standstill seal ring 2 produces vibration thereby change.This be because, the throttling function of 83 pairs of sealing gas 8 of throttle orifice (pressure reduction) is certain, and with respect to this, the throttling function of 20,40 pairs of sealing gas 8 of seal face changes along with the variation at seal face 20,40 intervals, therefore, though upstream side part at throttle orifice 83, the pressure of sealing gas 8 can not change because of seal face 20,40 variation at interval, but in the downstream side of throttle orifice 83 part (inside of static pressure occurrence groove 9), the pressure of sealing gas 8 changes because of the variation at said interval, thereby produces a kind of self oscillations phenomenon.And if L＜0.3mm then causes the groove pressure p easily
sLength direction upward pressure skewness at static pressure occurrence groove 9.For example, when sealing gas 8 when the 2nd path 82 is introduced into the central position of static pressure occurrence groove 9, the sealing gas 8 that is introduced into can not fully arrive the two ends on the length direction of static pressure occurrence groove 9, and halfway to static pressure occurrence groove 9 external leakages.
The groove width b of static pressure occurrence groove 9 is a definite value, and is special in following reason is set at, and is seal f ace width B (=(D with respect to the radial width of seal face 20,40
2-D
1)/2) ratio is that groove width is 0.05≤b/B≤0.3 than b/B.That is, if groove width b less than 0.05B b/B＜0.05, then can not obtain and the groove pressure p
sThe enough big sealing gas opening force U that is complementary
1, cause sealing gas opening force U
1Too small.Its result, in order to realize opening force and closed equilibrium of forces, must be with the groove pressure p
sAnd even seal gas pressure P
sBring up to more than the normal need value.If groove width b is b/B＞0.3, then sealing gas opening force U greater than 0.3B
1With excessive, its result in order to realize opening force and closed equilibrium of forces, must bring up to closing force more than the normal need value by the measures such as elastic force that increase spring 5.
In addition, static pressure occurrence groove 9 ... the space be between each groove between groove end face part 49 be set at same size at the length R that makes progress in week with above-mentioned slot part b, change (pressure reduction) with the pressure that prevents 49 corresponding position places of end face part sealing gas 8 between groove as far as possible, fluid film is even in the pressure distribution that makes progress in week between the maintenance seal face 20,40.Specifically, though also relevant with inside/outside diameter size of seal face 20,40 etc., generally be set at R=1～4mm.
In addition, the formation position that static pressure occurrence groove 9 makes progress in the footpath of seal face 40 can be by the radial distance to static pressure occurrence groove 9 (below be called " outboard end face width the degree ") B from the outer periphery of Stationary side seal face 40
oOr the inner circumference edge of Stationary side seal face 40 is to the radial distance of static pressure occurrence groove 9 (below be called " inner side end width ") B
iDetermine, but since following reason, said outboard end face width degree B
oOr inner side end width B
iBe to have B-b=B between groove width b and the sealing face width B
o+ B
iThe pass be prerequisite, and be set at 0.3B≤B
o≤ 0.7B-b or 0.3B≤B
i≤ 0.7B-b.That is, if be set at B
o＜0.3B or B
i＞0.7B-b, then regardless of other condition, sealing gas will increase to the leakage rate of machine inner region F, and, fluid film pressure distribution diametrically is with inhomogeneous between the seal face 20,40, destroy the parallelism of seal face 20,40, can not make seal face 20,40 keep the contactless state of appropriateness.If be set at B
i＜0.3B or B
o＞0.7B-b, then regardless of other condition, sealing gas will increase to the leakage rate of machine exterior domain A, and, fluid film pressure distribution diametrically is with inhomogeneous between the seal face 20,40, destroy the parallelism of seal face 20,40, can not make seal face 20,40 keep the contactless state of appropriateness.And in above-mentioned scope, can be by changing outboard end face width degree B
oOr inner side end width B
i, and sealing gas is adjusted arbitrarily to the leakage rate of each regional F, A.For example, desire reduces the occasion of sealing gas to the leakage rate of machine inner region F, can be with outboard end face width degree B
oStrengthen, and desire reduces the occasion of sealing gas to the leakage rate of machine exterior domain A, can be with the inner side end width B
iStrengthen.
Therefore, set circumferential lengths R, the outboard end face width degree B of end face part 49 between groove width b, groove depth L, the groove of static pressure occurrence groove 9 as described above
oAnd inner side end width B
i, not only can reduce the leakage rate of sealing gas as much as possible, and can make seal face 20,40 keep the contactless state of appropriateness to each regional F, A, bring into play good sealing function.
Static pressure noncontact gas seal 1 involved in the present invention is not limited to said structure, in the scope that does not exceed basic principle of the present invention, can carry out suitable change and improvement.
For example, the 30th type ring hooking part 44 also can be formed on the shell inner cylinder portion 31.That is, make the 20th type ring 62 as shown in Figure 5, fasten with the circular groove 37 that is formed at shell inner cylinder portion 31 peripheral parts and kept, with the front end of this circular groove 37 as the 30th type ring hooking part 44.At this moment, decision back pressure closing force T
1And the D of equilibrium ratio K
mBe the 30th type ring peripheral part with it the contact the standstill seal loop section be the diameter of inner peripheral surface.
In addition, limit the 1st and the 20th type ring 61,62 and make axially movable O type ring hooking part 43, also can be formed on the interior perimembranous 32 of shell as shown in Figure 6.At this moment, the 1st path 81 runs through O type ring hooking part 43 and is opened on the 1st confined space 71.
In addition, back pressure imports path 45 also can be as shown in Figure 6, will the can corresponding partly go up with machine inner region F formed through hole 45a with the corresponding can part (enclosure wall section 33) of the 2nd confined space 72 go up formed through hole 45b the two to be disposed at the outer suitable outside pipe arrangement 45c of can 3 and to be connected and to constitute.
Claims (7)
1. static noncontact gas seal is characterized in that having:
Can, sealing shell have columnar shell inner cylinder portion, the enclosure wall section of perimembranous and annular that above-mentioned two-part are coupled together in the circular housing of this shell inner cylinder portion;
Be fixed on the rotating seal ring that is on the running shaft that concentric shape runs through the shell inner cylinder portion;
The standstill seal ring, this standstill seal ring since its peripheral part be held in the shell on the perimembranous by be separated by in the axial direction set interval and the 1st and the 20th type environmental protection arranged side by side, and perimembranous is held on the shell inner cylinder portion by the 30th type environmental protection in it, can be so in can, be retained to move in the axial direction with rotating seal ring state in opposite directions, as this standstill seal ring, the interior perimembranous of the 20th type ring the diameter of the 2nd outer peripheral portion of contact with it, less than the position than the interior perimembranous of the 10th type ring of the more close rotating seal ring of the 20th type ring the diameter of the 1st outer peripheral portion that contacts with it;
Be installed between standstill seal ring and the enclosure wall section and act on the standstill seal ring and its spring that pushes towards rotating seal ring;
Be formed at rotary side seal face and Stationary side seal face on the end face in opposite directions of two seal rings, that interior external diameter is identical respectively;
Be formed at as on the Stationary side seal face of the seal face of standstill seal ring, be with the concentric ring-type of Stationary side seal face and a plurality of static pressure occurrence grooves arranged side by side;
As being formed at the 1st confined space annular space between the perimembranous and standstill seal ring peripheral part in the shell, that sealed by the 1st and the 20th type ring;
The 2nd confined space, the 2nd confined space are the annular space that is formed between the back side of enclosure wall section and standstill seal ring, are sealed by the 2nd and the 30th type ring;
Be formed at the sealing gas supply passage that the sealing gas of the sealed fluid zones pressure of outer circumferential side on can and the standstill seal ring, that pressure is higher than two seal faces is supplied with to the static pressure occurrence groove through the 1st confined space.
Make the two back pressure that is communicated with of sealed fluid mass and the 2nd confined space import path.
2. static pressure noncontact gas seal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the groove width b that is formed at the static pressure occurrence groove on the Stationary side seal face sets like this: with respect to the radial width of sealing end face is that the groove width of seal f ace width B is 0.05≤b/B≤0.3 than b/B.
3. static pressure noncontact gas seal as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, from the radial distance B of static pressure occurrence groove periphery to the Stationary side seal face
oOr to the sealing end face the radial distance B of periphery
iSet like this: with and groove width b and seal f ace width B between have B-b=B
o+ B
iThe pass be prerequisite, be set at 0.3B≤B
o≤ 0.7B-b or 0.3B≤B
i≤ 0.7B-b.
4. as claim 1,2 or 3 static pressure noncontact gas seal, it is characterized in that the groove depth L of static pressure occurrence groove is set at 0.3～1.0mm.
5. as claim 2,3 or 4 static pressure noncontact gas seal, it is characterized in that the interval that the static pressure occurrence groove makes progress in the footpath of Stationary side seal face is set at the groove width of static pressure occurrence groove measure-alike.
6. as claim 1,2,3,4 or 5 static pressure noncontact gas seal, it is characterized in that its structure makes the high 0.5～1.5bar of pressure of the more sealed fluid mass of pressure that is introduced into the sealing gas in the static pressure occurrence groove.
7. as claim 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 static pressure noncontact gas seal, it is characterized in that, on standstill seal ring or shell inner cylinder portion, be formed with the 30th type ring hooking part that moves to the rotating seal ring direction under the effect of the pressure that stops the sealed fluid of the 30th type ring in being introduced into the 2nd confined space; When being formed on the standstill seal ring by the 30th type ring hooking part the interior perimembranous of the 30th type ring the diameter of the can part of contact with it, or the peripheral part of the 30th type ring hooking part the 30th type ring when being formed on the shell inner cylinder portion the diameter of the standstill seal loop section of contact with it, D
mInside diameter D with seal face
1And outer diameter D
2Equilibrium ratio the K=((D that is determined
2)
2-(D
m)
2)/((D
2)
2-(D
1)
2), be set at 0.8≤K≤0.9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB971814848A CN1133834C (en) | 1997-11-21 | 1997-11-21 | Static pressure noncontact gas seal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB971814848A CN1133834C (en) | 1997-11-21 | 1997-11-21 | Static pressure noncontact gas seal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1245552A true CN1245552A (en) | 2000-02-23 |
| CN1133834C CN1133834C (en) | 2004-01-07 |
Family
ID=5178196
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB971814848A Expired - Lifetime CN1133834C (en) | 1997-11-21 | 1997-11-21 | Static pressure noncontact gas seal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1133834C (en) |
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Granted publication date: 20040107 |