CN1244609C - Method for preparing high molecular weight polycarbonate - Google Patents

Method for preparing high molecular weight polycarbonate Download PDF

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CN1244609C
CN1244609C CNB018136583A CN01813658A CN1244609C CN 1244609 C CN1244609 C CN 1244609C CN B018136583 A CNB018136583 A CN B018136583A CN 01813658 A CN01813658 A CN 01813658A CN 1244609 C CN1244609 C CN 1244609C
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acetate
mol
salt
acid
stearate
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CN1444619A (en
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P·J·麦克克洛斯基
T·B·伯内尔
P·M·小斯米格尔斯基
J·P·A·霍伊茨
H·F·兹尔克泽
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SABIC Global Technologies BV
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General Electric Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G64/20—General preparatory processes
    • C08G64/30—General preparatory processes using carbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G64/20—General preparatory processes
    • C08G64/30—General preparatory processes using carbonates
    • C08G64/307—General preparatory processes using carbonates and phenols

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A method of preparing polycarbonate by the melt process comprising the steps of: a) melting a dihydric phenol and a diester of carbonic acid for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form a melt: and thereafter introducing a catalyst composition comprising a tetraorganophosphonium salt or a derivative thereof and 1) an alkali and/or alkali earth metal compound or derivative thereof or 2) a less active alkali and/or alkali earth metal derivative thereof into the melt; and b) oligomerizing the product from step a) to a number average molecular weight of from about 3000 to about 7500; and c) polymerizing the product from step b) to a number average molecular weight of from about 16,000 to about 35,000.

Description

The method for preparing high-molecular-weight polycarbonate
Invention field
The present invention relates to use and comprise having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof and 1) alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compound or derivatives thereof or 2) catalyst system of more SA an alkali metal salt or derivatives thereof prepares the method for high-molecular-weight polycarbonate by melt process.This polycarbonate has low-level branching by product and has good processing characteristics.
Background technology
Common factory is mixed together polycarbonate synthesis by the aqueous solution with dihydroxy compound (for example bisphenol-A) with the organic solvent (for example methylene dichloride) that contains carbonyl halide (for example phosgene).When mixing unmixing organic phase and water, dihydroxy compound and carbonyl halide react at the phase interface place.Usually, phase-transfer catalyst such as tertiary amine are joined aqueous phase, to strengthen this reaction.This synthetic method is commonly referred to as " interface " synthesis method of preparation polycarbonate.
The interfacial of preparation polycarbonate has several inherent shortcomings.First shortcoming is the method for manipulation require phosgene as reagent, because there is tangible safety problem.Second shortcoming is the method that manipulation require uses a large amount of organic solvents, because must take expensive preventive measures to prevent any adverse environment influence.The 3rd, interfacial process needs a large amount of relatively equipment and capital investment.The 4th, the polycarbonate by interfacial process production tends to have inconsistent color, the particle of higher level and higher cl content (this can cause corrosion).
Some infant industry polycarbonate factories come polycarbonate synthesis by transesterification reaction, thereby with the diester (for example diphenyl carbonate) of carbonic acid and dihydroxy compound (for example bisphenol-A) condensation.This is reflected under the situation that does not have solvent and carries out, and by hybrid reaction agent under decompression and high temperature, distills out phenol by reaction generation simultaneously and is advanced into and finishes.This synthetic technology is commonly referred to as " melt " technology.This melt technology is better than interface tech, because it does not use phosgene, does not need solvent, and uses less equipment.And the polycarbonate that is produced by melt process does not contain the chlorine pollution from reagent, has lower particle level, and has more consistent color.Therefore, wish very much in industrial process, to use the melt technology.
Producing in the polycarbonate with melt polymerization method, with alkali metal hydroxide, especially sodium hydroxide is as polymerizing catalyst.Though alkali metal hydroxide is effective polymerizing catalyst, they also carry out side reaction, have produced the branching side reaction product.The change that this has caused polycarbonate melt character may cause the difficulty of processing.
Therefore, exist demand for the polycarbonate of producing by melt process with less branching side reaction product.Polycarbonate with less side reaction product will have improved performance, for example better ductility and processing characteristics.
Summary of the present invention
In one aspect, the present invention relates to prepare the method for polycarbonate by the melt process that may further comprise the steps:
A) with being enough to form the time of melt and the diester of temperature fusing dihydric phenol and carbonic acid; After this will comprise about 1.0 * 10 -5To about 5.0 * 10 -4The having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji phosphonium salt or derivatives thereof of mol/mol dihydric phenol and
1) about 1.0 * 10 -7To about 1.0 * 10 -6The alkali of mol/mol dihydric phenol and/or alkaline earth metal compound or derivatives thereof or
2) about 0.5 * 10 -5To about 5.0 * 10 -6The mol/mol dihydric phenol they more SA alkali and/or the catalyst composition of alkaline earth metal derivative be incorporated in this melt; With
B) will be oligomeric in comprising the two-stage reaction system of placed in-line two continuous oligomerization reactors by the product that step a) obtains, first oligomerization reactor remains on about 210 ℃ and arrives under about 260 ℃ temperature; Second oligomerization reactor remains under about 250 ℃ to about 290 ℃; With
C) product polymerization in comprising two sections paradigmatic systems of placed in-line two continuous polymerization reactors that will obtain by step b), first polymerization reactor remain on about 290 ℃ under about 315 ℃ temperature; Second polymerization reactor remains under about 290 ℃ to about 310 ℃.
Detailed description of the present invention
The invention solves these problems and wonderful performance is provided in addition.
With reference to detailed description of following the preferred embodiments of the invention and the embodiment that wherein comprises, can more easily understand the present invention.
Before the composition and method of disclosure and description material, it should be understood that to the invention is not restricted to specific synthetic method or specific formulation that itself certainly changes.Should also be understood that term purpose used herein only is in order to describe particular, is not restrictive.
In the following description book, will mention many terms, they are defined as having following implication:
" one " and " being somebody's turn to do " of singulative comprise plural indicator, unless regulation is obviously arranged in the literary composition in addition.
" optional " or " randomly " is meant that incident or the situation described subsequently may take place or may not take place, and this description comprises example that this incident wherein takes place and the example that do not take place of this incident wherein.
Term used herein " melt polycarbonate " is meant the polycarbonate by the transesterify preparation of carbonic diester and dihydroxy compound.
" BPA " is defined as dihydroxyphenyl propane or 2 here, two (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane of 2-.
Term used herein " diphenol " or " dihydric phenol " are synonyms.
" melt process " used herein is meant that the melt condensation by carbonic diester and dihydric phenol prepares the method for polycarbonate.
" more SA an alkali metal salt " used herein is meant the transesterify show activity, but activity is lower than NaOH under the same conditions; And, showed the more reference compound of highly selective than NaOH during especially Fu Lisi forms under the same conditions avoiding by product to form.
In one aspect, the present invention relates to prepare the method for polycarbonate, comprise and add the catalyst composition that comprises alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compound or derivatives thereof and having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof by melt process.This aspect of the present invention further relates to the polycarbonate by this method preparation.
In one aspect of the method, the present invention relates to prepare the method for polycarbonate, comprise interpolation more SA basic metal base or derivatives thereof and having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof by melt process.This aspect of the present invention further relates to the polycarbonate by this method preparation.
In the present invention, find that unexpectedly defined method has been produced the side reaction product with minimizing, the polycarbonate of Fu Lisi product especially, result, the product that has obtained to have the well processed characteristic.Especially unexpectedly find, comprise adding and comprise 1) having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof and alkali and/alkaline earth metal compound, or 2) this method of the present invention of the catalyst composition of low activity an alkali metal salt or derivatives thereof and having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt has produced under certain conditions and has had high molecular, preferably at the polycarbonate of about number-average molecular weight (Mn) more than 7,000; And add having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt but do not add the alkali metal base or derivatives thereof or more SA an alkali metal salt or derivatives thereof can not obtain high molecular and increases under identical condition.In addition, find unexpectedly that processing conditions of the present invention and catalyzer are formed provides less branching side reaction product, compares with the base metal catalysts binding substances with the tetra-allkylammonium alkali cpd.
Unexpectedly find in addition, in melt polymerization method, use electronic-grade having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt, as acetate 4-butyl-phosphonium (TBPA) (having the purity that is lower than about 1000ppm C1-and is lower than about 100ppm Na), and use about 280 to the interior high temperature of about 320 ℃ of scopes, and very pure monomer (contains and is lower than 0.5 * 10 -7Mol sodium/mol dihydric phenol), need to add promotor.In addition, find that also having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt will decompose with being longer than under about 60 minutes time in about processing temperature more than 240 ℃.For example, in about temperature more than 240 ℃, the 4-butyl-phosphonium ion begins to decompose with remarkable speed; With in about temperature more than 260 ℃ and being longer than under about 60 minutes time, will cause the 4-butyl-phosphonium ionic to decompose fully and the Mn of final polymkeric substance is lower than 7,000.Therefore, use short reaction times and higher temperature will need to use additional base metal catalysts, to increase molecular weight.Find unexpectedly that in addition having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt replaces tetraalkylammonium salt to use as promotor, the feasible alkali and/or the alkaline earth metal compound that can use low concentration.
The polycarbonate of being produced by melt process generally has higher Fu Lisi content than the polycarbonate by interfacial process production.Term used herein " Fu Lisi " is meant the repeating unit in the have following formula polycarbonate of (I):
Figure C0181365800061
Wherein the X variable is represented:
Figure C0181365800062
Or
Variable R cAnd R dIndependent separately expression hydrogen atom or univalence hydrocarbyl also can form a ring structure.Variable R eIt is bivalent hydrocarbon radical.
Wish very much in polycarbonate product, to have low Fu Lisi content, because the Fu Lisi product has reduced the performance of polycarbonate, as ductility.Higher Fu Lisi content has caused lower ductility.Prepare the formation that polycarbonate has caused the Fu Lisi product by melt process.
The dihydric phenol that can be used for preparing polycarbonate of the present invention can be represented with following general formula:
Wherein R independently is selected from halogen, monovalent hydrocarbon and unit price-oxyl;
R 1Independently be selected from halogen, monovalent hydrocarbon and unit price-oxyl;
W is selected from bivalent hydrocarbon radical ,-S-, and-S-S-,-O-,
Figure C0181365800073
With
Figure C0181365800074
N and n 1Independently be selected from the integer (comprising end value) of value with 0-4; With
B is 0 or 1.
With R and R 1The univalence hydrocarbyl of expression comprises alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl and alkaryl.Preferred alkyl is to contain 1 to those of about 12 carbon atoms.Preferred cycloalkyl is to contain 4 to those of about 8 ring carbon atoms.Preferred aryl groups is to contain those of 6-12 ring carbon atom, i.e. phenyl, naphthyl, and xenyl.Preferred alkaryl and aralkyl are to contain 7 to those of about 14 carbon atoms.
With R and R 1The preferred halogen group of expression is chlorine and bromine.
The bivalent hydrocarbon radical of representing with W comprises alkylidene group, alkylidene, ring alkylidene group and ring alkylidene.Preferred alkylidene group is to contain 2 to those of about 30 carbon atoms.Preferred alkylidene is to contain 1 to those of about 30 carbon atoms.Preferred ring alkylidene group and ring alkylidene are to contain 6 to those of about 16 ring carbon atoms.
With R and R 1The unit price-oxyl of expression can be used formula-OR 2Expression, wherein R 2It is the univalence hydrocarbyl of that class noted earlier.Preferred unit price-oxyl is alkoxyl group and aryloxy.
The dihydric phenol that is fit to includes, but are not limited to BPA; 2, two (3, the 5-two bromo-4-hydroxy phenyls) propane of 2-; 2, two (3, the 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane of 2-; 1, two (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexanaphthenes of 1-; 1, two (3, the 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexanaphthenes of 1-; 1, two (4-hydroxyphenyl) decane of 1-; 1, two (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane of 1-; 1, two (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclodecane of 1-; 1, two (3, the 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclododecanes of 1-; 4,4-dihydroxy phenyl ether; 4,4-sulfo-diphenol; 4,4-dihydroxyl-3,3-dichloro diphenyl ether; 4,4-sulfo-diphenol; 4,4-dihydroxyl-3,3-dichloro diphenyl ether; 4,4-dihydroxyl-2,5-dihydroxydiphenyl ether; BPI; 1, two (4-the hydroxyphenyl)-1-diphenylphosphino ethanes of 1-; 1, two (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-diphenylphosphino ethane and their mixtures of 1-.In one embodiment, the residue of the dihydric phenol in polycarbonate comprise 100mol% by BPA deutero-residue.
Randomly, can utilize the polyfunctional compound.The polyfunctional compound who is fit to who uses in the polymerization of branching polycarbonate includes, but not limited to
1,1,1-three (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane,
4-[4-[1, two (4-the hydroxyphenyl)-ethyls of 1-]-dimethyl benzyl],
1,2, the 4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride,
1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, or their chloride derivative.
As the diester of carbonic acid, can use all cpds, including, but not limited to the diaryl carbonates ester cpds, dialkyl carbonate ester cpds and carbonate alkyl aryl ester compound.The carbonic diester that is fit to is including, but not limited to diphenyl carbonate; Two (4-tert-butyl-phenyl) carbonic ether; Two (2,4 dichloro benzene base) carbonic ether; Two (2,4, the 6-trichlorophenyl) carbonic ether; Two (2-cyano-phenyl) carbonic ether; Two (o-nitrophenyl) carbonic ether; The carboxylol ester; The meta-cresol carbonic ether; Carbonic acid dinaphthyl ester; Two (phenylbenzene) carbonic ether; The carbonic acid diethyl ester; Dimethyl carbonate; Carbonic acid dibutyl ester; Carbonic acid two cyclohexyls; With their mixture.In the middle of these, dipheryl carbonate base ester is preferred.If use two or more of these compounds, preferably, a kind of is dipheryl carbonate base ester.
In the method for the invention, optionally can use end-capping reagent.The end-capping reagent that is fit to comprises the unit price aromatic hydroxy compound, the haloformate derivative of unit price aromatic hydroxy compound, monovalent carboxylic, the halide derivative of monovalent carboxylic and their mixture.
The end-capping reagent that is fit to includes, but are not limited to phenol, p-tert-butylphenol; To cumylphenol; To the cumylphenol carbonic ether; Undecanoic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid; Phenyl chloroformate, chloroformic acid tertiary butyl phenyl ester, chloroformic acid be to the cumyl ester, chroman chloro-formic ester, chloroformic acid octyl octylphenyl, chloroformic acid nonyl phenyl ester or their mixture.
If exist, end-capping reagent is preferably with about 0.01 to about 0.20mol, and preferably approximately 0.02 arrives about 0.15mol, and also the amount of more preferably about 0.02 to about 0.10mol/1mol dihydroxyl phenol exists.
In one embodiment of the invention, catalyst composition comprises at least a alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compound.These compounds are preferably with the derivative of basic metal and alkaline-earth metal, as organic hydrochlorate; Inorganic acid salt; Oxide compound; Oxyhydroxide; Hydride; Alkoxide; Or the form of their mixture is used.Find that alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compound are used in combination with having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt, need compare with normally used alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compound in the melt process of producing polycarbonate.Especially, find unexpectedly, producing identical molecular weight increases, has significantly less Fu Lisi product simultaneously, compare with using tetraalkyl ammonium compound such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), use having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof to make can to use still less alkali and/alkaline earth metal compound.
Can include, but are not limited to sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide as the alkali metal compound that is fit to of catalyzer, lithium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, saleratus, lithium bicarbonate, yellow soda ash, salt of wormwood, Quilonum Retard, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, lithium acetate, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, lithium stearate and their mixture.
The suitable alkaline earth metal compound that can be used as the catalyzer use includes, but are not limited to calcium hydroxide, hydrated barta, magnesium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, Calcium hydrogen carbonate, barium bicarbonate, Magnesium hydrogen carbonate, strontium bicarbonate, lime carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesiumcarbonate, Strontium carbonate powder, lime acetate, barium acetate, magnesium acetate, strontium acetate, calcium stearate, barium stearate, Magnesium Stearate, strontium stearate and their mixture.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the ratio NaOH of replacement alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compound has the optionally more SA an alkali metal salt of improvement will obtain good molecular weight growth with being used in combination of having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof.The more SA an alkali metal salt that is fit to is including, but not limited to the mixture of alkaline borate metal salt and EDTA; The alkali of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and/or alkaline earth salt; The alkali of nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) and/alkaline earth salt; With their mixture; An alkali metal salt of aryl sulfonic acid; An alkali metal salt with non-volatile acid.Have been found that for by product to form (as the Fu Lisi product), many useful salt have obviously higher selectivity than NaOH, yet for polymerization, the activity in many highly selective salt is lower than NaOH.In the present invention, have been found that the combination of having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline machine Phosphonium carboxylate salt and more SA metal-salt has obtained effective molecular weight growth, and have the obvious attendant advantages that reduces of formation of side reaction product (as the Fu Lisi product).Using the advantage of more SA salt is improved Fu Lisi selectivity.
The particular instance of the more SA an alkali metal salt or derivatives thereof that is fit to is including, but not limited to the mixture of alkali metal borate and EDTA, as Sodium Tetraborate/EDTA; And disodium magnesium/EDTA.Other more SA an alkali metal salt that is fit to comprises an alkali metal salt of the oxygen acid of the sulphur that is suitable as the melt polymerization catalyzer, including, but not limited to S-WAT, and sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, Sulfothiorine, V-Brite B and their mixture; Preferred S-WAT, sodium metabisulfite and their mixture, even more preferably sodium metabisulfite.
Other more SA an alkali metal salt or derivatives thereof that is fit to is including, but not limited to an alkali metal salt of aryl sulfonic acid.An alkali metal salt of the aryl sulfonic acid that is fit to is including, but not limited to an alkali metal salt of tosic acid, as toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt, and toluenesulphonic acids lithium, potassium toluene sulfonate and toluenesulphonic acids caesium, preferred toluenesulphonic acids caesium.
Other SA base metal catalysts that is fit to comprises an alkali metal salt of non-volatile acid.So-called " non-volatile " is meant the reference compound of no vapour pressure and no known boiling point.Especially, these compounds are nonvolatile under the temperature of the melt polymerization of carrying out polycarbonate usually.The preferably salt of non-volatile acid of the present invention is an alkali metal salt of phosphorous acid; The alkaline earth salt of phosphorous acid; An alkali metal salt of phosphoric acid; The alkaline earth salt of phosphoric acid.The suitable salt of non-volatile acid is including, but not limited to NaH 2PO 3NaH 2PO 4Na 2H 2PO 3KH 2PO 4CsH 2PO 4Cs 2H 2PO 4With their mixture.In one embodiment, the salt of non-volatile acid is CsH 2PO 4
Except above-mentioned 1) alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compound or derivatives thereof or 2) the more SA alkaline earth salt, this catalyst system comprises having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof.The example of the having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof that is fit to including, but not limited to:
The acetate tetramethyl phosphonium;
Acetate Si Yi Ji Phosphonium;
Acetate Si Bing Ji Phosphonium;
The acetate 4-butyl-phosphonium;
Acetate Si Wu Ji Phosphonium;
Acetate Si Ji Ji Phosphonium;
Acetate Si Geng Ji Phosphonium;
Acetate Si Xin Ji Phosphonium;
Acetate Si Gui Ji Phosphonium;
Acetate four (dodecyl) Phosphonium;
Acetate tetramethyl phenyl Phosphonium;
The acetate tetraphenylphosphoniphenolate;
The phenylformic acid tetramethyl phosphonium;
Phenylformic acid Si Yi Ji Phosphonium;
Phenylformic acid Si Bing Ji Phosphonium;
The phenylformic acid tetraphenylphosphoniphenolate;
The formic acid tetramethyl phosphonium;
Formic acid Si Yi Ji Phosphonium;
Formic acid Si Bing Ji Phosphonium;
The formic acid tetraphenylphosphoniphenolate;
The propionic acid tetramethyl phosphonium;
Propionic acid Si Yi Ji Phosphonium;
Propionic acid Si Bing Ji Phosphonium;
The butyric acid tetramethyl phosphonium;
Butyric acid Si Yi Ji Phosphonium; With
Butyric acid Si Bing Ji Phosphonium;
With their mixture.
In one embodiment, having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof is the acetate 4-butyl-phosphonium.
Method of the present invention comprises a) fusion stage, b) oligomeric stage and c) polymerization stage.In the fusion stage, comprise the diester of carbonic acid and the reagent of dihydric phenol and in container, arrive under about 190 ℃ temperature at about 160 ℃, preferably under rare gas element such as nitrogen blanket, melt.In the fusion stage, will comprise suitable having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof and 1) alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compound or derivatives thereof or 2) catalyst composition of more SA an alkali metal salt or derivatives thereof is incorporated in the container.Catalyzer can add simultaneously or separately.
After this this melt is converted to the oligomeric stage.The oligomeric stage preferably includes placed in-line two flow reactors.First oligomerization reactor remains on about 210 ℃ to about 260 ℃, and preferably approximately arrives about 250 ℃ temperature for 230 ℃; With about 200 hold in the palm about 50 the holder, preferably approximately 150 hold in the palm about 120 the holder, more preferably about 130 the holder pressure under.The residence time in first oligomerization reactor preferably is lower than about 1 hour, and more preferably about 45 minutes to about 30 minutes, even more preferably about 30 minutes.The product of discharging from first reactor preferably has and is lower than about 2500 number-average molecular weight (Mw) and is lower than the branching by-products content that is about 100ppm based on polycarbonate.The residence time in first reactor is transferred to second reactor with this product after finishing.
In second oligomerization reactor, temperature remains on about 250 ℃ to about 290 ℃; 270 ℃ to about 280 ℃ of preferably approximatelies; Pressure remains below under the vacuum of about 100 holders.The residence time in second oligomerization reactor preferably is lower than about 1 hour, more preferably about 30 to about 45 minutes.Mw preferably about 3000 to 7500 and end-blocking level from the product of second oligomerization reactor preferably are higher than about 60% (based on 100 * (mol end-blocking-mol OH)/total mol end-blockings), yet this numerical value can measure according to original chemical and changes.The branching by product of the product of second oligomerization reactor preferably is being about below the 500ppm based on polycarbonate.
After finishing in the oligomeric stage, product is transferred to polymerization stage.In one embodiment, polymerization stage comprises placed in-line two flow reactors, first polymerization reactor and second polymerization reactor.In selective embodiment, polymerization stage can carry out in batch reactor in the discrete steps of intensification and step-down.
Polymerization stage comprises in the embodiment of a reactor therein, and polymerization stage remains on about 280 ℃ to about 320 ℃; More preferably arrive about 310 ℃ temperature at about 290 ℃; Hold in the palm about 0.01 holder about 10; More preferably hold in the palm under the vacuum of about 0.1 holder about 2.Preferably about 10 minutes to about 90 minutes the residence time in reactor.
Polymerization stage comprises in the embodiment of two reactors therein, and first polymerization reactor preferably remains on about 300 ℃ and arrives about 315 ℃ temperature; With about 2 hold in the palm about 0.1 the holder, preferably approximately 1 hold in the palm about 0.1 the holder vacuum under.Preferably about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes the residence time in second reactor.The Mw preferably about 15,000 to about 20,000 of the material of discharging from first reactor; Preferably approximately 18,000.
After first polymerization reactor, will transfer to second polymerization reactor from the product of first reactor.Second polymerization reactor remains on about 285 ℃ and arrives under about 310 ℃ temperature and about 0.2 vacuum of holding in the palm.Preferably about 5 minutes to the about 25 minutes residence time in second reactor.From second reactor discharge the time, the branching side reaction product is preferably approximately below the 3000ppm.
If use alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compound, as NaOH, this compound is preferably with 1.0 * 10 -6The mol/mol dihydric phenol is to about 1.0 * 10 -7The amount of mol/mol dihydric phenol is used.If use the low activity alkaline-earth metal catalyst, this compound is preferably with 0.1 * 10 -6The mol/mol dihydric phenol is to about 5.0 * 10 -6The amount of mol/mol dihydric phenol is used.
Having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji Phosphonium carboxylate salt or derivatives thereof is preferably with about 5.0 * 10 -4The mol/mol dihydric phenol is to about 1.0 * 10 -5The amount of mol/mol dihydric phenol exists.This catalyzer can add with various forms.This catalyzer can be as solid, and for example powder adds, and perhaps it can be dissolved in solvent, for example in water and the alcohol.
Other additive also can be added in the polycarbonate product, as long as they do not have a negative impact to the performance of product.These additives comprise and are added to the various materials that are used for various purposes in the polycarbonate usually.Specific examples comprises thermo-stabilizer, epoxy compounds, UV light absorber, releasing agent, tinting material, static inhibitor, slip(ping)agent, antiblocking agent, lubricant, antifogging agent, natural oil, synthetic oil, wax, organic filler, fire retardant, mineral filler and any other common known additives.
The material of the reactor of Shi Yonging and structure are not special the qualifications in the present invention, as long as reactor has common stirring capacity.Preferably, reactor can stir under full-bodied condition, because the viscosity of reactive system increases in the follow-up phase of reaction.
Can also be with polycarbonate and other polymer blending, other polymkeric substance is including, but not limited to polyolefine, polystyrene, polysulfonates, polymeric amide and polyphenylene ether.
Embodiment
Provide following examples,, but be not used for limiting the scope that the contriver thinks the content that they invent so that for those ordinarily skilled in the art provide about the composition of the claimed material of the application and the complete description of method and evaluation method thereof.Endeavour to ensure the accuracy (for example measuring temperature etc.) of numerical value, but should consider some sum of errors deviations.Except as otherwise noted, part by weight, temperature by ℃.
Molecular weight provides with number average (Mn) and by being measured by the gpc analysis of the polycarbonate of melt polymerization preparation.The standard of polystyrene is used to set up generic calibration, according to this calibration, uses the Mark-Houwink equation can measure polycarbonate.It is chloroform with moving phase that the temperature of pillar is 25 ℃.
Fu Lisi content is measured by the KOH methanolysis of resin, and the umber with per 1,000,000 (ppm) provides.The Fu Lisi content of each melt polycarbonate of in table 1, listing such as following mensuration.At first, the polycarbonate of 0.50g is dissolved among the THF (containing p-terphenyl) of 5.0ml as internal standard.Then, 18% methanol solution with 3.0ml KOH joins in this solution.Under this temperature, the gained mixture was stirred 2 hours.Then, add the acetate of 1.0ml, again this mixture was stirred 5 minutes.Make potassium acetate at 1 hour intercrystalline.Filtering solid, gained filtrate use p-terphenyl to analyze by liquid chromatograph as internal standard.
Table 1
Catalyzer Mn Fu Lisi
TBPA (SACHEM) (electronic-grade) 5,200 ＜200ppm
TMAH 1,700 ＜100ppm
The TBP benzoic ether 5,100 ＜200
TMAH(SACHEM)/NaOH(1.0×10 -6) 7,800 420
TMAH(SACHEM)/NaOH(5.0×10 -6) 9,500 3,000
TBPA(SACHEM)/NaOH(1.0×10 -6) 8,800 350
Table 1 explanation, electronic-grade TBPA and higher temperature and use pure monomer need add additional base metal catalysts, increase to produce suitable molecular weight.
Table 2
TMAH is as promotor
Basic metal Mn Fu Lisi
NaOH(5.0×10 -6) 9,500 3,000
NaOH(1.0×10 -5) 7,800 420
Na 2B 4O 7/EDTA(5.0×10 -6) 8,330 217
Na 2Mg/EDTA(1.0×10 -6) 6,520 206
NaH 2PO 3 6,367 268
Na 2B 4O 7/EDTA(1.0×10 -6) 6,902 173
Table 3
TBPA is as promotor
Basic metal Mn Fu Lisi ppm
NaOH(1.0×10 -6) 8,800 387
Na 2B 4O 7/EDTA(1.0×10 -6) 8,160 271
Na 2Mg/EDTA(1.0×10 -6) 8,500 ＜200
NaH 2PO 3 8,200 ＜200
Table 2 and 3 explanations, TBPA uses with having the optionally more SA an alkali metal salt of the Fu Lisi of improvement, has obtained good molecular weight growth and has hanged down the Fu Lisi level.
Table 4
Catalyzer Oligopolymer Mw Polymkeric substance Mw Fu Lisi
TMAH/NaOH(1.0×10 -6) 4400 4600 18,000 700-1000ppm
TMAH/NaOH(1.0×10 -7) 2200 No Mw constitutes ＜100ppm
TBPA/NaOH(1.0×10 -7) 5,200 18,000 ＜200ppm
Table 4 shows, combines with TBPA with low-level base metal catalysts, has obtained good molecular weight and has constituted.
It below is the description that how to prepare the sample 1 among the table 1-3.Remaining sample prepares by other identical operation, except described.
Synthesizing of sample 1
Below be reflected in the 1L glass batch reactor that pure matter nickel spiral stirrer is housed and carry out.Glass reactor surface is by acid elution, flushing and store up to making in 70 ℃ of down dry a whole nights and capping subsequently and be used for passivation.
The temperature of reactor uses the fluidisation sand-bath with PID controller to keep, and measures at reactor and sand-bath near interface.The nitrogen exhaust of the vacuum pump of the pressure of reactor by entering overhead product receiving flask downstream is controlled, and under elevated pressures (760mm Hg is to 40mm Hg) with mercury weather gauge and under lower pressure (40mm Hg is to 1mm Hg) with Edward pirani gage mensuration.
Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and acetate 4-butyl-phosphonium (SACHEM, 1.32 * 10 -4) and NaOH (J.M.BAKER, 5.00 * 10 -7Mol) by being diluted to proper concn (0.220M TMAH or TBPH and 1.00 * 10 with 18 Mohms (unit of measure) (Mohm) water -3M NaOH) prepares.Other catalyzer prepares by be dissolved into proper concn in 18 Mohm (unit of measure) water.When the content that increases when needs or catalyzer or impurity, improve the concentration of catalyst solution, so that the volume injected that is consistent.
Before assembling, in reactor, add 0.6570mo1 BPA and 0.7096mol diphenyl carbonate.The assembly reaction device seals and atmosphere is exchanged 3 times with nitrogen then.When carrying out the exchange of last nitrogen, reactor is risen to about normal atmosphere, immersion is in 180 ℃ the fluidized bath again.After 5 minutes, under 250rpm, begin to stir.After other 10 minutes, reagent is melted fully, and be uniform mixture.Be diluted to proper concn (0.220M TMAH and 5.00 * 10 with 18 Mohm (unit of measure) water -3M NaOH) afterwards, add tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAM, 1.32 * 10 subsequently -4Mol) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 5.00 * 10 -7Mol).After adding last catalyzer, pick up counting, and make temperature in 5 minutes, rise to 210 ℃.In case reach this temperature, pressure is reduced to 180mm Hg, formed the phenol overhead product immediately.After 25 minutes, pressure is dropped to 100mmHg once more and kept 45 minutes.
In 5 minutes, temperature is risen to 240 ℃ then, again pressure is dropped to 15mm Hg.These conditions kept 45 minutes.In 5 minutes temperature is risen to 270 ℃ then, pressure is reduced to 2mmHg.These conditions kept 10 minutes.In 5 minutes, temperature is risen to outlet temperature then, and pressure is reduced to 1.1mmHg.Outlet temperature is 310 ℃.After 30 minutes, from sand-bath, take out reactor, melt extrusion in liquid nitrogen, is reacted with quenching.
The present invention specially describes in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, but it should be understood that within the spirit and scope of the present invention and can make changes and modifications.

Claims (3)

1. one kind prepares the method for polycarbonate by melt process, may further comprise the steps:
A) with being enough to form the time of melt and the diester of temperature fusing dihydric phenol and carbonic acid; The catalyst composition that after this will comprise following component is incorporated in this melt: 1.0 * 10 -5To 5.0 * 10 -4The having ideals, morality, culture, and discipline Ji phosphonium salt or derivatives thereof of mol/mol dihydric phenol and
1) 1.0 * 10 -7To 1.0 * 10 -6The mol/mol dihydric phenol be selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, saleratus, lithium bicarbonate, yellow soda ash, salt of wormwood, Quilonum Retard, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, lithium acetate, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, lithium stearate, calcium hydroxide, hydrated barta, magnesium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, Calcium hydrogen carbonate, barium bicarbonate, Magnesium hydrogen carbonate, strontium bicarbonate, lime carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesiumcarbonate, Strontium carbonate powder, lime acetate, barium acetate, magnesium acetate, strontium acetate, calcium stearate, barium stearate, Magnesium Stearate, basic metal of strontium stearate and composition thereof and/or alkaline earth metal compound; Or
2) 0.1 * 10 -6To 5.0 * 10 -6The title complex that is selected from alkali metal borate and EDTA of mol/mol dihydric phenol, S-WAT, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, Sulfothiorine, V-Brite B, the basic metal of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and/or alkaline earth salt, the basic metal of nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) and/or alkaline earth salt, toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt, the toluenesulphonic acids lithium, potassium toluene sulfonate, the toluenesulphonic acids caesium, the basic metal phosphite, the alkaline-earth metal phosphite, alkali metal phosphate, their the more SA basic metal and/or the alkaline earth metal derivative of alkali earth metal phosphate and composition thereof; With
B) will be oligomeric in comprising the two-stage reaction system of placed in-line two continuous oligomerization reactors by the product that step a) obtains, first oligomerization reactor remains under 210 ℃ to 260 ℃ the temperature; Second oligomerization reactor remains under 250 ℃ to 290 ℃; Wherein the product from second oligomerization reactor has 3000 to 7500 number-average molecular weight;
C) product polymerization in comprising two sections paradigmatic systems of placed in-line two continuous polymerization reactors that will be obtained by step b), first polymerization reactor remain under 285 ℃ to 315 ℃ the temperature; Second polymerization reactor remains under 280 ℃ to 310 ℃; Wherein the product from second polymerization reactor has 16,000 to 35,000 number-average molecular weight.
2. the process of claim 1 wherein that dihydric phenol is a dihydroxyphenyl propane.
3. the process of claim 1 wherein that the diester of carbonic acid is a diphenyl carbonate.
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