CN1244068C - Method and apparatus for reading and checking hologram - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system and a method for reading information stored in holograms or other diffraction objects. The information is read out by analyzing diffraction patterns produced when a laser beam is focused on one small spot of the objects and scans the whole objects.

Description

Be used to read method and apparatus with checking hologram

Technical field

The present invention relates to holography, relate in particular to a kind of hologram reader/checker.

Background technology

The hologram reader of prior art depends on uses the hologram with special format or special characteristics.Accompanying drawing 1a and 1b illustrate hologram reader example in the prior art.In the hologram reader of accompanying drawing 1a, laser beam 520 illuminations that holographic bar code is produced by laser instrument 525.Then, on one group of photodetector 500 that is used for detecting spot on the ad-hoc location specially, rebuild speckle patterns 505.

In the hologram reader of accompanying drawing 1b, the hologram 510 that comprises a non-focusing picture record is thrown light on by the laser beam 520 that laser instrument 525 produces.This laser beam 520 is easy to image reconstruction 555 on a ground connection glass screen 550 in its benchmark (or changing benchmark) angle, can be seen by eye-observation device 560.

In fact the prior art hologram reader (not shown) of another kind of type does not read hologram, but compares before will being recorded in a wavefront in the hologram and a reference wave.Yet the prior art hologram reader (not shown) of another kind of type just compares one of this hologram 2 single dimensional views and the 2 dimension benchmark images of being stored simply.

U.S.Patent No.4,641,017 to Lopata are entitled as anti-counterfeit access.

U.S.Patent No.5,331,443 to Stanisci are entitled as laser data plate checking hologram and correlation technique.

U.S.Patent No.4, people such as 761,543 to Hayden are entitled as security hologram device and system.

U.S.Pa tent No.4,108,367 to Hannan are entitled as the mark and the reader that are used to sell machine.

U.S.Patent No.5, people such as 712,731 to Drinkwater are entitled as and are used for security document, as the safety feature of check and credit card.

U.S.Patent No.5,306,899 to Marom wait the people, are entitled as the authenticity validation system with hologram image object displayed that uses holographic recording.

U.S.Patent No.4,131,337 to Moraw wait the people, are entitled as the comparison reader that is used for holographic identification card.

U.S.Pa tent No.3,905,019 to Aoki wait the people, are entitled as the pattern identification optical device.

U.S.Patent No.5,666,417 to Liang wait the people, are entitled as the fluorescence authenticity validation reader that utilizes coaxial device.

U.S.Patent No.5,465,243 to Boardman wait the people, are entitled as optical recorder and the reader of data on photosensitive media.

U.S.Patent No.RE 035,117 to Rando waits the people, is entitled as to have the scanner that sample is confirmed.

The hologram reader of the prior art described in the described above and above-listed patent is when designing especially for this reader at this hologram only, just can read hologram.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, need a kind of hologram reader that can read all kinds hologram, it does not require that hologram is in particular this reader and designs, and can read the variable information from hologram.

According to principle of the present invention, usage space relative photo irradiation diffraction object, detection is by the light pattern of at least a portion institute diffraction of this diffraction object, then the specific expression of institute's check pattern and the expression of predetermined reference pattern are compared, thereby can information extraction from the diffraction object, and the diffraction object be carried out verification.

According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of equipment, having comprised: the device that utilizes space correlation optical illumination diffraction object from diffraction object extraction information; Detect the device of at least a portion by the pattern of this object diffraction; The detected part of pattern is carried out convolution algorithm with a die plate pattern, with the device of the distortion version that produces this pattern; Discern and locate the device of peak value in this distortion version; The location tables of peak value in the distortion version pattern is shown as the device of vector; With one group of base vector in this vector and the database is compared, with this vector of classifying, thus the device to classifying from the diffraction pattern of this diffraction object.

In one aspect of the invention, provide a kind of scanner from diffraction image extraction detailed structure information, comprising: lasing light emitter is used to produce laser beam; Focusing optics is used for laser beam from spot of this lasing light emitter guiding; Place the device of diffraction image, thereby make a zone on this diffraction image of this spot illumination; Detection is from the device of the light pattern of this area diffraction; With with this light pattern and the device that reference pattern compares.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1a is the synoptic diagram of the hologram reader of prior art.

Accompanying drawing 1b is the synoptic diagram of the hologram reader of another prior art.

Accompanying drawing 2a is a synoptic diagram that uses normal beam at certain some irradiation diffraction pattern that typical rainbow hologram showed.

Accompanying drawing 2b is a synoptic diagram that had not only comprised diffractive grating member but also comprised the diffraction pattern that the exemplary complex hologram of rainbow hologram parts shown.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the synoptic diagram according to the embodiment of a hologram reader of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 4 is synoptic diagram that typically comprise the fluorescence quantum of core and organic molecule cap.

Accompanying drawing 5 is to comprise hologram, fluorescent material and directly be printed on enciphered data on the label at the synoptic diagram of two interior exemplary label with character string forms.

Accompanying drawing 6 is synoptic diagram of a credit card checker (credit card verifier) of the hologram reader, magnetic strip reader and the electronic sub-system that comprise accompanying drawing 3.

Embodiment

Accompanying drawing 7 is the synoptic diagram according to the formed types of patterns of following operation: promptly half diffraction pattern of the composite hologram of a single point is recorded in the image, from this hologram along half diffraction pattern of the next single point of certain bar line, deviate from first slightly, be recorded on the same medium, whole hologram is all carried out this when operation, the synoptic diagram of formed types of patterns along the series of points of certain bar line.It is what pile up+1 order diffraction pattern.

Accompanying drawing 8 is to use hologram reader and the label machine process flow diagram with a system of detection and tracking counterfeit product.

Accompanying drawing 2a illustrates the wherein Surface Vertical of illuminating bundle (not shown) and this hologram 300 of detailed description of the present invention, this illuminating bundle with the corresponding angle incident in reference beam (not shown) angle that is used to make this hologram 300, to cause producing first order diffracted beam, constitute a straight-line segment, rather than an arc.In the first order arc inside shown in accompanying drawing 2a, be light " spot " 310, it is relevant with the feature of image, visual by one on this hologram 300 illuminated point.In order to read a rainbow hologram, only need when lighting point moves to all significant points on this hologram 300, to discern and follow the tracks of these spots 310.For example, the significant point on the hologram can be defined as by those points on certain parallel bar line of the edge of the card at this hologram 300 and hologram place or label, and it has predetermined distance from this edge.

Accompanying drawing 2b illustrates the diffraction pattern 320 that obtains from combination rainbow hologram and a diffraction grating image.Fleck 350,360,370 on this pattern is corresponding to comprising diffraction grating area, and line and arc 315 are corresponding to the zone that comprises rainbow hologram parts or " 2D " hologram parts.If line or arc 315 comprise spot 310, corresponding hologram parts are a 3D hologram normally.Do not have feature or unified light distribution in fact if line or arc only comprise, then corresponding hologram parts are " 2D " holograms.

Since the image processing techniques of standard can be used for discerning size, shape and the position of each spot 310, so in order to simplify feature detection and identification mission, it is helpful being utilized as the peculiar characteristic of hologram.

Unless hologram is luminous, otherwise they can produce the diffraction pattern that is similar to radial symmetry, shown in the spot among the accompanying drawing 2b 360.If yet hologram is luminous ,+1 and-1 grade position be symmetrical, but the brightness of one of them will be higher than another brightness in fact, shown in the spot among the accompanying drawing 2b 370.

For the hologram reader that can distinguish different holograms, some feature of hologram is very important.These features comprise that speckle displacement, facula position, hot spot are asymmetric, spot size, light spot shape, hot spot speed, light spot profile and parasitic light, and each feature all will be in following discussion.

The position of hot spot is generally defined as the position of its brightness peak.In addition, facula position can be defined as the center of intensity distributions.Radial coordinate is suitable, because whole pattern has the very radial symmetry of wide-angle.

Hot spot is asymmetric to be defined in+1 and-1 grade in the ratio of corresponding spot intensity.Each hot spot will be to all having its oneself asymmetry.

Spot size can be defined as by the breadth extreme in a zone that hot spot covered.Coverage rate can be defined as its intensity greater than peak strength and determined certain the critical energy level of background luminance by this hot spot.

In the diffraction pattern of the commercial most of holograms that use of current input, hot spot or point-like, or wire.The wire hot spot appears on the arc shown in the accompanying drawing 2, and the some shaped laser spot appears in this diffraction pattern Anywhere.Hologram diffraction pattern shown in the accompanying drawing 2b has this two kinds of hot spots simultaneously.Other light spot shape also is possible, and this image processing software should be able to detect the very existence of shape.

When hologram was read by a lighting point that passes this hologram, the hot spot in this diffraction pattern moved in the continuous mode of segmentation connection and changes.Hot spot speed is exactly that the position, asymmetry, size and dimension of this hot spot in this diffraction pattern is with respect to the change in location of lighting point on this hologram and the speed that changes.

In a rainbow hologram, the mobile limit is limited arc (shown in accompanying drawing 2a and 2b) by the change in location of hot spot border response lighting point.These hot spots never move outside the border of arc.The size and dimension of this arc itself and the H-1 hologram that is used to make rainbow hologram, or the size and dimension of a hole is corresponding, sees through this hole H-1 light and is launched, to constitute a H-2 hologram.The position of this arc, curvature and orientation promptly provide the information of the relevant physical equipment that is used to make hologram then.

In most of holograms, there is parasitic light in the diffraction pattern.This light constitutes fuzzy symmetrical pattern with the illumination of common incident beam the time, but it does not significantly concern with this visual image.Usually these spuious diffraction compositions derive from the scattered light in the hologram recording recording apparatus, and wherein this scattered light is along being recorded into a hologram with this target light.A kind of common holography technology is used hologram of laser lighting exactly, and removes to observe the image that is used for this hologram recording unit through it.

All information that are recorded in the hologram all can be extracted (for example shown in accompanying drawing 2a and the 2b) by the diffraction pattern that every bit produced of this hologram that throws light on.The hologram that is generally used for document security is to make in batch from a single original main hologram, and diffraction pattern all is identical for all holograms.Yet new low-cost hologram recording material and cheap laser are developed, and have begun to be actually used in a large amount of disposable hologram of making, all comprise unique information in each hologram.In order to read in the information in this class hologram, be necessary or hologram design is become to read (as prior art) easily, perhaps design a reader, reader according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention for example, it can read all diffraction patterns that the point by this hologram is produced.

Accompanying drawing 3 has shown a hologram reader according to an embodiment of the invention.This hologram reader comprises a laser diode 600, focusing optics 630, preferably has aberration correction, 662, one imageing sensors 620 of 605, one color selective filters of one first optical splitter, a time gate linear array sensor 625, spectrum forms device 615,635, and one second optical splitter 605.This laser diode 600 preferably has the shortest available wavelength, generates a light beam 650, and its shape is determined to form a polymeric spherical ripple by this focusing optics 630.This polymeric spherical ripple is aggregated to a fleck on the hologram 690, and this hologram is that hot pressing prints on the credit card 680.The suitable laser diode 600 that can be used as the light source of hologram reader is a green double frequency diode.Yet blue laser diode or UV laser diode may be more satisfactory, because they can obtain from the market with reasonable prices.

Hologram 690 on the credit card 680 can be transparent, and in this case, the relief surface of this hologram 690 is the material (not shown) coating of handy high index, thereby makes this hologram 690 quite bright.Suitable high refractive index material comprises titanium oxide or zinc sulphide.If hologram 690 is transparent, then the surface of the credit card below hologram 680 can have through the detectable feature of this hologram, as the pattern of fluorescent ink, color inks, fiber, magnetic ink or optically-variable ink.

In operation, laser beam 650 diffraction from the hologram 690 constitutes a pattern on this imageing sensor 620.This imageing sensor 620 is not responded to all images in this hologram.On the contrary, 620 inductions of this imageing sensor are from the pattern of the diffraction light of an illuminated spot on this hologram 690.This color selective filter 662 guarantees that this imageing sensor 620 receives only and the identical light of this illuminating laser beam 650 colors, mainly is diffraction, scattering and light reflection thereby receive.If it is this illuminating laser beam 650 is with suitable angle guiding hologram 690, corresponding with the benchmark and the angle of making between these hologram 690 employed reference lighies and the thing light light beam (not shown).Have only the forward order of diffraction to fall into and directly be placed on this imageing sensor 620 of this hologram top.In addition, this illuminating laser beam 650 can as shown in Figure 3, thereby be made this imageing sensor 620 when being placed directly on hologram 690 tops by vertically-guided hologram 690, can receive the forward and the negative sense order of diffraction simultaneously.

To cause the emission of fluorescence to the illumination that is printed on credit card 680 on-chip fluorescent inks.This fluorescence passes this spectrum and forms device 615,635 and arrive second optical splitter 605, and the latter is with this fluorescence this time gate linear array sensor 625 that leads, and 625L forms this fluorescence spectrum at this time gate linear array sensor.A diaphragm 692 stops the direct reflection (Zero-order diffractive light beam) of this illuminating laser beam 650 to clash into this linear array sensor 625.

Fluorescence from different material has two kinds of main distinguishing characteristicss: emission spectrum and temporal characteristics.For example, many organic dyestuff have very short fluorescence lifetime, thereby if to they exciting light illuminations with picosecond pulse, they can launch the fluorescence of the wipe pulse of also lacking than nanosecond.Other fluorescent material can be launched hundreds of nanoseconds fluorescence after activating.A lot of materials have fluorescence to a certain extent, but great majority have only very short fluorescence lifetime; So preferably use fluorescent ink, thereby background fluorescence in the easier eliminating time gate method with long fluorescence lifetime.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, this linear array sensor 625 is time gates, and this laser diode 600 is pulses.If be printed on the general fluorescence lifetime that the fluorescence lifetime of the on-chip fluorophore of credit card 680 is longer than common material, then optionally only detect received after the sensitizing pulse greater than 100 nanoseconds fluorescence, can effectively get rid of background fluorescence.

Suitably an example of fluorescent material is to use quantum dot 210, as shown in Figure 4.This quantum dot 210 preferably is made up of CdSe, and is gland 200 parcels with ZnSe.The CdSe quantum dot of known this class ZnSe gland has and is similar to 100 nanoseconds fluorescence lifetime.In addition, 625 need of this linear array sensor have and are similar to the response times tens of or hundreds of nanoseconds, and this laser diode 600 can one be modulated to the speed of tens of megahertzes.Then, fluorescence lifetime can be measured as the phase function between illumination modulation and the fluorescence signal.Under any circumstance, this linear array sensor 625 detects at illuminated spot place, any ink below this hologram 690 or the fluorescence spectrum of other fluorescent material.

The example that has the label 400,410 that the hologram 450 of fluorescent material 430 constitutes below it as shown in Figure 5.Under these two kinds of situations, this hologram 450 is to use the translucent hot padding paillon foil be added on the substrate 460 that can be made of blank sheet of paper.This fluorescent material 430 preferably directly is printed on this substrate 460.This hologram 450 has a plaque, and wherein enciphered message directly is printed on this substrate 460 with the form of character string 470.Label 400,410 preferably has the protectiveness silicones paper washer (not shown) of a viscosity back side (not shown) and disengaging.

This fluorescent material 430 can be a kind of fluorescent ink that comprises fluorophore.Be preferably in and use patterning fluorescent material 430 on this substrate 460 with peculiar fluorescence spectrum.A kind of suitable fluorescent material 430 is the fluorescent inks that contain fluorophore, for example the CdSe quantum dot 420 of sputtering ZnS e gland.This quantum dot 420 preferably has specific dimensions, thereby this fluorescence frequency spectrum can be narrow relatively.Also can use special organic dyestuff, rhodamine 6G for example, it has a kind of distinctive peak fluorescence wavelength.This fluorescent material 430 has more detailed description in the unexamined patent application submitting to simultaneously with the application when being entitled as " Guantum dot safety device and method ", and this application is included in this as a reference.

The credit card 120 of accompanying drawing 5 is representatives of label, mark, document, identification card, authenticity label, bank note, strip of paper used for sealing and other article of all kinds, is placed with hologram, diffraction image, safety label or other safety feature usually thereon.Accompanying drawing 3, hologram 690 shown in accompanying drawing 5 and the accompanying drawing 6,450,140 is respectively the representative of the diffraction image of all kinds, comprises a basic hologram, 2D3D hologram, stereographic map, motion diagram, moving picture, Prague hologram, embossing hologram, embossing hologram, holographic hot stamp foil, pixel pattern, electron beam diffraction pattern and the scale-of-two optical design on color film.As used herein, the meaning of term " substrate " is any surface or material, be placed with hologram on it, or hologram and its are very approaching, comprise any ink, fiber, embossing, chemical treatment, magnetic characteristic or should the surface or other characteristic or the feature of material.

Get back to accompanying drawing 3, this image sensor 620 except that the light pattern of induction by hologram 690 or 450 diffraction, also detects from blocking on 680 or 460 the substrate, because of the light of fiber, texture or other characteristic scattering of this substrate material.Generally produce than the much higher pattern of contrast by the light of hologram 690,450 diffraction by the light of for example even scattering of white substrate.Yet, the distinctive diffraction pattern that the common generation of hologram can be reduced from responding to pattern.The variation of the light mean intensity that is received by this image sensor 620 is behind the diffraction pattern of subduction, with corresponding because of the variable quantity of the light of this on-chip impressing pattern or other photic pattern diffuse scattering from substrate.Therefore, the hologram reader shown in the accompanying drawing 3 can read hologram, phosphor pattern and light scattering or light absorption pattern, as long as these patterns are clearly in the optical wavelength range that laser diode 600 is launched.Though the lighting source of laser diode 600 as the hologram reader of accompanying drawing 3 can be should be appreciated that other light source also can use, for example (spatial coherence) white light source of any accurate calibration.Under this class situation, diffraction pattern, spot and scattered light all can be distinguished by this image sensor 620.

The optics of this reader and available other equivalent elements of the combination of the parts in the electronic sub-system, module and parts, module are replaced, and, the combination of parts can be according to illuminated spot induction scattered light pattern from hologram, and/or from hologram or under the amount of each point scattering light, and/or, replace from the purpose of amount, time or the frequency spectrum of hologram or its substrate institute emitted fluorescence.

The wavelength selective filters (not shown) can be inserted the optical path from hologram 690 to this image sensor 620, and/or the optical path from hologram 690 to this time gate linear array sensor 625.This wavelength selective filters is limited in the light that is detected in the required wavelength coverage.For example, because scattered light is identical with the wavelength of this laser diode 650 with diffraction light, is preferably in and inserts a wave filter between this sensor 620 and the optical splitter 610, it can transmit the wavelength of this laser diode 650, and reflects or absorb other wavelength.Similarly, can insert a wave filter between sensor 625 and optical splitter 605, it can reflect or be absorbed in the light at the wavelength place of this laser diode 650, and transmits the light in the fluorescence bandwidth of this fluorophore.

In addition, optical splitter 610 can be a polarizing beam splitter, can between optical splitter 610 and hologram 690, insert a quarter-wave 608,100% ground arrives optical splitter thereby make laser be transferred on the path of hologram 690 almost at it, and to the path of this image sensor 620 almost 100% ground be reflected.In this case, optical splitter 610 can be that a wavelength is selected polarizing beam splitter, thereby makes most of fluorescence be directed to this linear array detecting device 625, as shown in Figure 6.

Hologram reader shown in the accompanying drawing 3 can make up with the reader of other technology of use.For example, the reader/checker of the multinomial technology of use shown in the accompanying drawing 6 can be used for detecting counterfeit credit card.Except comprising an optical read head 110, it can be the hologram reader of accompanying drawing 3, and the reader/checker of accompanying drawing 6 also can comprise a traditional magnetic strip reader 130.This optical read head 110 reads the holographic Figure 140 on the credit card 120,130 of this magnetic strip reader when this credit card 120 slips over groove 150, the information of reading and recording on common magnetic stripe (not shown) on the credit card 120.This reader/checker also comprises an electronic sub-system 100.This electronic sub-system preferably includes a microprocessor (not shown), field programming gate array (FPGA) (not shown) and a ROM (read-only memory) (ROM) (not shown), the software of being carried out by this microprocessor with storage.This electronic sub-system 100 preferably also comprises and the external system communicating devices, for example computing machine (not shown) or telephone network (not shown).

FPGA in this electronic sub-system 100 is used to carry out image processing.Another kind of implementation end user's artificial neural networks (ANN).In fact, the any image-processing system that can discern the notable feature of diffraction pattern all can be used for distinguishing different holograms and counterfeit diffraction pattern, and effectively hologram or other diffractive anti-counterfeit design, known have DOVID, hologram, stereographic map, moving picture, the basic hologram of point, motion diagram, pixel pattern or the like.

A kind of suitable FPGA that can be used for electronic sub-system is the 6216 type FPGA that can obtain from Xilinx.This FPGA can be programmed, to carry out almost any required signal processing function.For example.Can file be set by download programmes to this FPGA to FPGA.This is provided with file and has determined that this FPGA goes up the pattern that interconnects between the logic gate.If the 6216FPGA of Xilinx, this FPGA has 128 stitch for output and input, and about 35,000 logic gates are arranged on this FPGA.All logic gates all can walk abreast, synchronous or asynchronous operation.Also can be by can be at the commercial design tool that obtains, for this FPGA is provided with file.Yet under some occasion, the best approach is utilized the improvement computing method to design exactly file is set.This improvement computing method are at genetic algorithm or genetic programming, and FPGA structure and method for designing, chip-scale electronics and image processing art of mathematics have within the horizontal extent of the individual of ordinary skill level or collective.In addition, being used for improvement design instrument that FPGA is provided with file can be from Spokane, the New Light Industries of WA99224, and Ltd. buys, and its trade mark is called " FPGA-Generator ".

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a kind of improving technology is used at feature identification and extraction and at the algorithm of this electronic sub-system design based on FPGA.In a version, carry out following steps:

1, limits an objective function by the feature in the visual recognition one cover diffraction pattern, to produce the image of signature.

2, by specifying a matrix to limit an experiential function as the convolution template.

3, generate a collection of template at random, each member of every batch of template is used to produce the convolution image of a cover experiment image.

4, can compare with the signature image of this target group by the convolution image that each member produced of every batch of template, so that for each member produces adaptive value, thereby make this adaptive value represent degree of correlation between this convolution that produces image and this signature image.

5, utilize the Genetic Algorithm Technology of standard, template is reconfigurable and/or according to its adaptive variation, to develop a kind of template of optimization.

Reorganization and mutagenic factor, and the accurate selection of other GA parameter as recombination fraction, aberration rate and size, size of population, superior sense of superiority or the like, all can influence the speed of evolutionary development.At present, also there is not optimal selection at all problems, known, the factor and GA parameter.

In operation, the reader/checker of accompanying drawing 6 detects counterfeit credit card 120 by reading holographic Figure 140.Especially, illuminated in the manner described above along the series of points of holographic Figure 140 when credit card 120 slips over groove 150, referring to accompanying drawing 3.Diffraction pattern from these points constitutes on this image sensor 620, and they are converted into vision signal at this.This vision signal is analyzed by this electronic sub-system 100, with the corresponding proper vector of value of the notable feature of diffraction pattern among extraction and this holography Figure 140.Then, with this proper vector with compare from the characteristic vector data storehouse of effective and invalid hologram, by similarity vectorial in its proper vector and the database holographic Figure 140 is classified.The data of discerning effective hologram proper vector also may be stored on the magnetic stripe, and are read by this magnetic strip reader 130, compare with the proper vector of this holography Figure 140.

Whether this electronic sub-system 100 also can be set up from the scattering of this credit card 120 extractions and a kind of expression of fluorescence information, effective to determine this credit card 120.This optical read head 110 that uses in the hologram reader of accompanying drawing 6 thereby can respond on this credit card 120 certain any diffraction characteristic, fluorescent characteristic, light scattering characteristic and optical absorption characteristics.If this image sensor and/or linear array sensor or relevant electronic device design are proper, this reads/and checker also can respond to the difference between those characteristics of point-to-point.

A kind of method for optimizing of setting up the expression of diffraction information among holographic Figure 140 detects intensity peak in this diffraction pattern exactly, and produces the tabulation of position, sharpness and the relative brightness of this peak value.If to a series of diffraction patterns, then preferably the diffraction characteristic of whole article is expressed as the tabulation of the ordering of the tabulation of a tabulation or a compiling at a series of regional observations that cross these article.

The straightforward procedure of expressing this diffraction information diffraction pattern of halving exactly, and only preserve from position and intensity data that this part obtains.Then, by piling up data, from representing images, as shown in Figure 7 along the complete diffraction pattern of certain bar line structure one cover of hologram.Then, one group of hot spot 820,830,840 stays track on this synthetic image, also stays track on this composite image from any spot 800,850,860 of diffractive grating member.Then, by it is carried out convolution algorithm with the representing images of the one or more benchmark images that utilize similar approach to obtain (their may be corresponding effective and counterfeit hologram), can test this representing images.The track that obtains because of the motion of hot spot and spot in the accompanying drawing 7 is irrelevant with the specific selection as the hologram point of sample in fact, and it is constant substantially to need only yardstick.

As mentioned above, the hologram reader shown in the accompanying drawing 3 advantage is exactly the hologram that it in fact can read any kind of.Therefore, there are a lot of technology all to can be used for writing down the hologram that can on the hologram reader of accompanying drawing 3, use.Each such hologram all has its own unique feature.Some feature or parameter are helpful to the classification of different types of hologram and diffraction pattern, comprising:

1, recording medium;

2, benchmark and target beam angle and position;

3, size, shape, at interval, position, grating angle and put grating cycle in the basic hologram;

4, rainbow (Benton), allusion, 2D3D, stereographic map or put basic hologram;

5, transmission or reflection;

6, reflectivity-enhancement layer;

7, the color selectivity and the Bragg-grating structure of recording medium;

8, the color characteristics of record and reconstruction geometry;

9, coding reference beam or target beam; With

10, there is hologram to laminate on it or the characteristic and the feature of a substrate of hot padding.

The hologram reader of accompanying drawing 3 can be integrated in the comprehensive anti-counterfeit/security system, as shown in Figure 8.This anti-counterfeit/safety comprises one or more websites 700, be used to make on the substrate and cover by transparent holographic figure, carry the anti-counterfeit/safety label of detectable random data, one or more productions 710,715 are used to produce product, at each production one or more hologram reader are arranged, each production all has label machine, one or more middle distribution point 730 that have hologram reader, 720, one or more distribution terminal points 750,760 that have hologram reader, and one by level node 740,750,720 computer networks that constituted.

Random data (adding shown in the accompanying drawing 5 in the label 400,410 position of the phosphor dot 420 below the hologram 450) is read at label manufacturing place 700, and is stored in the database.Every hologram printer of this manufacturing place 700 all is associated with a crypto engine.This crypto engine will be corresponding to label 400, the expression way of the random data of point 420 combines with private key information that is deposited in this crypto engine inside safely and the inner variable information that generates of this crypto engine on 410, with the character string 470 (referring to accompanying drawing 5) that produces an encryption, then, pass through label machine, it is printed book on label 400,410.

Printed label is placed on the product, and they will be distributed by middle and final distribution link.These labels can be read by the hologram reader that is associated with decryption engine in distribution point.The substrate of this hologram reader below hologram reads random data, and this random data as PKI, so that deciphering is printed on character string on the label, need not be determined that safety is deposited in the private key in the crypto engine.If label is counterfeit or illegal the making, this character string or can not be encrypted, otherwise this random data will not be included in the label fabricator database.

Term " character string " refers to any coded message, comprises bar code, optical readable alpha-numeric characters, coding magnetic stripe, the readable alpha-numeric characters of magnetic, optical readable bit string, icon or the like.

The information of the special tag of relevant each distribution point of process, and validity and ineffectivity can be collected by computer node network; And analyze at one or more points.Can there be certain counterfeit threat in central computer node to warn them with download of information to each distribution point, and perhaps upgrade their decryption engine and/or the upgrade version of downloading crypto engine are to label machine.

Anti-counterfeit/security system shown in the accompanying drawing 8 can detect counterfeit product on any link of producing and distributing in the flow process, and can the Collection and analysis goods batch.If detect counterfeitly, then the time of its outward appearance and geometric pattern can be used for help following the tracks of its source and channel of distribution.This system provides the factory of tags detected or product to transfinite, the ability of control label production quantity or the like.

Even should be appreciated that to have provided various embodiment of the present invention and advantage in above description, but above-mentioned disclosing only is illustrative, still can make change in detail, as long as still be retained within the broad principles of the present invention.For example, above-mentioned a lot of parts can use numeral or mimic channel, and as long as perhaps both combinations suitable, also can realize by executive software on suitable treatment circuit.Therefore, the present invention is only limited by claims.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of equipment from diffraction object extraction information comprises:

Utilize the device of space correlation optical illumination diffraction object;

Detect the device of at least a portion by the pattern of this object diffraction;

The detected part of pattern is carried out convolution algorithm with a die plate pattern, with the device of the distortion version that produces this pattern;

Discern and locate the device of peak value in this distortion version;

The location tables of peak value in the distortion version pattern is shown as the device of vector; With

One group of base vector in this vector and the database is compared, with this vector of classifying, thus the device to classifying from the diffraction pattern of this diffraction object.

2, a kind of by the method for convolution for distortion pattern design template, comprising:

One group of experiment pattern and corresponding target pattern are provided;

Provide one group of initial test template, as the initial total amount in a kind of genetic algorithm;

Adaptive value is defined as the convolution results of test template and experiment pattern and the respective degrees between the corresponding target pattern; With

Use has the genetic algorithm of adaptive value and total amount, and with the development template, when carrying out convolution with each experiment pattern, this template can produce the convolution pattern that is similar to target pattern.

3, a kind of scanner from diffraction image extraction detailed structure information comprises:

A kind of lasing light emitter is used to produce laser beam;

Focusing optics is used for laser beam from spot of this lasing light emitter guiding;

Place the device of diffraction image, thereby make a zone on this diffraction image of this spot illumination;

Detection is from the device of the light pattern of this area diffraction; With

With this light pattern and the device that reference pattern compares.

4, according to the scanner of claim 3, wherein the diameter of this spot is less than 1mm.

5, a kind of scanner from diffraction image extraction detailed structure information comprises:

A kind of lasing light emitter is used to produce laser beam;

Focusing optics is used for laser beam from spot of this lasing light emitter guiding;

Place the device of diffraction image, thereby make a zone on this diffraction image of this spot illumination;

Move the device of this image with respect to this spot, thereby make a series of zones on this spot illumination image;

Detect respectively from the device of a series of light patterns of a series of area diffraction; With

With this series light pattern and the device that benchmark series pattern compares.

6, according to the scanner of claim 5, wherein the diameter of this spot is less than 1mm.

7, according to the scanner of claim 5, wherein this benchmark series pattern is to represent with the form of one group of parametric curve.

8, according to the scanner of claim 5, wherein this benchmark series pattern is to represent with the form of a two-dimemsional number class value.

9, scanner according to Claim 8, wherein this two-dimemsional number class value comprises numeral, scale, vector or character string.

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