CN1243501C - Improvements relating to liquid heating appliances - Google Patents

Improvements relating to liquid heating appliances Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1243501C
CN1243501C CN 01813762 CN01813762A CN1243501C CN 1243501 C CN1243501 C CN 1243501C CN 01813762 CN01813762 CN 01813762 CN 01813762 A CN01813762 A CN 01813762A CN 1243501 C CN1243501 C CN 1243501C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
handle
container
liquid
extended position
devices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN 01813762
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1454067A (en
Inventor
R·A·奥内尔
A·M·盖塔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Otter Controls Ltd
Original Assignee
Otter Controls Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Otter Controls Ltd filed Critical Otter Controls Ltd
Publication of CN1454067A publication Critical patent/CN1454067A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1243501C publication Critical patent/CN1243501C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47JKITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J27/00Cooking-vessels
    • A47J27/21Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles
    • A47J27/21166Constructional details or accessories

Abstract

A liquid heating appliance, a kettle for example, has a retractably mounted, movable handle which is in retracted condition during heating operation of the appliance and in extended condition when the liquid has been heated to a predetermined level, for example has been boiled. The invention proposes that the act of retracting the handle switches on the appliance and that when the liquid reaches the predetermined temperature, the handle is ejected into extended condition in the act of switching off the appliance. The movement of the handle co-operates with various other features of the appliance, such as a releasable latch arrangement, a locking arrangement associated with the closure lid of the appliance and flaps associated with the pouring spout of the appliance. Advantageously, the appliance provides safety and has a new and aesthetically pleasing appearance.

Description

Improved liquid heating
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of improved liquid heating, for example kettle or kettle.
Background technology
A kind of common practise is, on the family expenses of form of ownership and other liquid heating handle is set, and picked up under the situation of the hand of not scalding the user to allow this device.Yet a problem that has occurred is, such device says it is pleasant not too from aesthstic angle, because handle stretches out from this device body in a kind of laxative mode.Another problem that runs into is, because this handle design of stretching out promptly may met this handle unintentionally, and this device overturning in the use.This means that when a device of liquid that heat is housed during by accidental overturning, for example family members child particularly may be in the danger that can not be ignored.At this on the one hand, should be noted that when this device energising, child is more dangerous, because they tend to this handle of intentionally grasping, and does not recognize the existence of dangerous situation.
Summary of the invention
A main purpose of the present invention is to overcome or reduce the problems referred to above basically.
In broad terms, the present invention is intended to provide one to be designed to the movable handle that regracting is installed to this device, thereby this handle is in retracted mode when this device is in the heating operation, by means of outstanding structure with respect to the device body, liquid in device is heated to a predeterminated level, when for example having boiled, this handle is in extended configuration.
According to the present invention, a kind of liquid heating is provided, it comprises a container, a heating element heater that is used for the liquid in the heating container, with a handle mechanism, it is characterized in that, this handle mechanism is movably connected in described container, and its configuration can make it move between a retracted position and at least one extended position, the described retracted position person of being to use can not grip described handle mechanism to pick up the position of putting described container, and the described extended position person of being to use can grip described handle mechanism to pick up the position of putting described container and not touching described container; Describedly be suitable for responding with making described handle mechanism being connected of container that liquid in this container is heated to a predetermined temperature and move to one first extended position an extended position or a plurality of extended position from described retracted position.
According to an exemplary embodiment that will describe in detail hereinafter of the present invention, this handle is arranged to a cantilever, and it is hingedly mounted on the upper end of this device, and has a part of dangling downwards, and this part is left the container body by the outside bias voltage of spring.When using this structure, the user only need overcome this biasing force to container body direction push handle bottom, so that handle inwardly pivots, thereby handle is accommodated in the groove that is formed in the container body.When handle owing to moving to when being in a retracted position in this groove, the outer surface of handle just flushes with respect to the profile phase of container body, therefore advantageously in use provides pleasant, succinct outward appearance a kind of novelty and aesthetic to this device.
Preferably, these mechanisms are connected with handle, and to install in the groove of body to this in handle motion, when for example being in retracted mode, connection or increase are to the heater fed energy of device.In addition, these mechanisms can be arranged to: the liquid in device is heated to a predetermined temperature, when for example boiling temps, and handle moves to extended position automatically from retracted position, perhaps when handle is manually stretched, not to or reduce to the heater fed energy.
Advantageously, the motion of this handle between its withdrawal and extended position can realize by other various parts of operating this device.For example, a locking mechanism can be set, it is locked in position in a closing cap on the container body when handle is in retracted mode, thereby prevents in heating operation, and the liquid of heat overflows outside likeing from installing.This locking mechanism also can be arranged to releasable, can open during to its extended position in handle motion to allow this closing cap.Preferably, can for example turn to the position that this device is picked up by this handle by direction turning handle along an outside separating device body, and this locking mechanism of manual release.
This handle can be connected with a releasable bolt lock mechanism, in heating operation handle is remained on retracted mode.This bolt lock mechanism for example can rely on the action of manual " press out/by ShiShimonoseki ", thereby in use, action by lower handle at first engages this breech lock and connects this device, then, when handle is in retracted mode, an action of pushing handle subsequently will cause this breech lock release and handle is stretched out, thereby this device is turned off.When the liquid in the device is in " boiling in advance " state, can discharges this bolt lock mechanism by manual operation, thereby this device can be turned off at " boiling in advance " state.Perhaps, this bolt lock mechanism can be arranged to discharge automatically when the liquid in the device boils, and this can realize by providing a device to boil controller simply that this controller is arranged to discharge this breech lock when it moves.
When the present invention is applied to a container that is suitable for filling by its pouring spout, this handle can with the mating reaction of flap mechanism, this flap mechanism is arranged in the pouring spout of shutoff device in the heating operation.Here there are two main advantages to be associated with the setting of such flap mechanism.At first, the required time (" turn-off time ") of cutoff device can be scheduled to basically after reaching the state of boiling, thereby avoids the problem that a large amount of " turn-off times " change, and this problem for example often appears in the filter.Should be noted that, in this respect, known filter: (1) is pulled down from pouring spout when filter, when therefore this pouring spout being opened, suffer " turn-off time " of unwanted length arrive in the process of boiling controller only to produce a low steam pressure because drive steam at this device; (2) in filter is in pouring spout and because high steam pressure and when being blocked in large area in the device, suffer " turn-off time " of unwanted weak point.Second advantage is that in use, the liquid of heat can be limited by this flap mechanism basically from installing outside outflow under installing by the situation of accidental overturning.
Being provided with in the foregoing description usually also has other flap mechanism, the motion mating reaction of they and handle, and this other flap mechanism is arranged in the advantageously steam channel of shutoff device outside the extending apparatus body and when being in extended configuration of handle.This setting has advantage, prevents from promptly that steam from having reached the state of boiling and being turned off the back at device continue to arrive device and boil controller, and this just allows device to boil controller to have improved response resetting time then.Perhaps, handle can outwards rotate along the direction of a separating device body, and this rotational motion can cause the steam off passage, is for example pouring out in the course of action of liquid from device.
This handle can be made by transparent material usually, for example the heat resistant glass material.In addition, also can on the device body, lighting mechanism be installed, so that the on/off operation state of device to be shown.For example, can install at this lamp is set in the body, thereby when handle is in retracted mode, align with an end of handle, thus when device is connected the illumination handle.
In addition, the advantage of fluid heater of the present invention is that it provides a kind of clearly state indication for the user when liquid is boiled.Handle can be clear that with respect to the position of device body, and it is close to need not the user, and can be clear that also known neon light indicator is then not all right under bright sunshine.In addition, under the situation of a cordless kettle, the user only stretches out when being in extended configuration and kettle and being turned off at handle, kettle could be lifted from its pedestal, and this has just prolonged the service life of kettle, because contact friction on the connector and wearing and tearing have all reduced.
Above-mentioned and further feature of the present invention will be illustrated in appended claims, and will understand advantage of the present invention better by the explanation to embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing hereinafter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the side view of an embodiment of kettle of the present invention a), and it is in the duty of connection;
Fig. 1 b) illustrate Fig. 1 a) shown in the enlarged perspective of kettle;
Fig. 2 a) 3 illustrates Fig. 1 kettle a) that is in off state; With
Fig. 2 b) illustrate Fig. 2 a) shown in the enlarged perspective of kettle.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1 a) and corresponding zoomed-in view 1b), show a kettle 1 of the present invention at this, it is in the heating work state of connection.Kettle 1 comprises a heating container 2 and a bottom 3.Kettle 1 has a movable driving handle 4 that is associated, and this handle is installed in the groove that is formed in this container body with a retracted mode.Kettle 1 has a closing cap 5 and a pouring spout 6, is used to allow container 2 filling liquid (not shown) and allows therefrom to pour out liquid.As shown in the figure, pouring spout 6 has the flap 7 that can open with the motion of handle 4, as long as handle 4 is in retracted mode, this flap will be in closed condition, and this flap is only just opened handle 4 moves to hereinafter described extended configuration from retracted mode after.
In the embodiment shown, handle 4 is around the hinged installation of the articulated elements on the top of container body.This handle leaves this container body to the outer spring bias voltage.In use, when handle 4 for example in its bottom and when overcoming spring force and being pushed to the container body, handle 4 inwardly pivots around this articulated elements, and is contained in the groove that is formed in the container body.Therefore, the outer surface of handle 4 just flushes with container body profile 2, and the handle 41 that extends through the whole groove of this formation downwards is in a kind of state of withdrawal fully with respect to container body 2.
When handle 4 entered the groove of this container body, its part just engaged with the trip rod of the controller (not shown) to boil water of kettle by a for example control actuation button (actuated piece 10 among the described Fig. 2 that sees below), and this actuation button is connected kettle 1.Also be provided with a latch piece (not shown) in kettle 1, for example it can be installed in the top or the bottom of kettle according to design concept, and its effect is to overcome biasing force handle 4 is remained on a retracted mode when the liquid that kettle is connected and heating is inner.Should be noted that this latch piece liquid reaches predetermined temperature, for example boil afterwards just release lever 4, this moment, handle just was allowed to move to extended configuration from retracted mode.Equally as shown in the figure, the flap 7 that is attached to pouring spout 6 is associated with the motion of handle 4, thereby when handle 4 overcomes biasing force and is pushed in the groove, flap 7 moves into pouring spout 6 and engages, thereby be in closed condition, and when handle outwards moves to extended position subsequently, because the shutoff of kettle, flap 7 moves into pouring spout 6 and is disengaged, thereby allows it to be opened.
Therefore, in the heating work of described kettle 1, it should be understood that, for the liquid that prevents heat overflows, locking mechanism (not shown) and closing cap 5 mating reactions make and cover 5 be bonded into (locking) state of closing when handle 4 is in retracted mode, and only the liquid in kettle is heated to predetermined level and is for example boiled, and handle 4 is correspondingly after retracted mode moves to extended configuration, just makes to cover 5 and be disengaged, and enters (unclamping) state of opening.
For the liquid that prevents heat after the Huguan is disconnected overflows, after use, the locking mechanism of lid 5 also can be operated releasedly by the direction turning handle 4 that outwards deviates from container body 2 along.A kind of rotational action of having a mind to like this is for example to produce by picking up container body 2 by handle 4.
The handle 4 of kettle is by transparent material, for example heat resistant glass material monolithic ground or partly make.In addition, in this embodiment, for example for the lighting mechanism (not shown) of lamp form is arranged in the container body, and when handle 4 is in retracted mode and its end align, thereby make the handle that in heating operation, can throw light on.Therefore, the indication of the duty of kettle is provided to the user.
When kettle 1 is in off state after use, as Fig. 2 a) and 2b) shown in, handle 4 is in extended position with its upper end hinged installation and its part of dangling with the state that groove 8 and container body 2 keep at a certain distance away downwards.Therefore, this is provided with and allows the user to catch the part of dangling of handle 4 downwards, and does not have the danger of the container body 2 that is touched heat.Should be noted that, Fig. 2 a) with 2b) used identical Reference numeral to come presentation graphs 1a) and with 1b) shown in identical/similar part.
Aforesaid latch piece (not shown) is arranged for handle is remained on a retracted position, and the structure that discharges when disconnected in the Huguan, thereby allows the extended position of handle shown in reaching.In this embodiment, this latch piece be configured to kettle boil the mating reaction of controller (not shown), thereby the corresponding state that boils controller changes and causes this latch piece to discharge.Say that more specifically this latch piece is driven by a control button 10, this button has one " ON/OFF of pressing " action, thereby at first handle 4 is pushed in the groove 8 and engage with latch piece by pressing the button 10, and the connection kettle, release bar latch fitting then when release-push 10, and turn-off kettle.Should also be noted that this latch piece can be by manual release, this can realize with its simplest form, promptly by by the independent button (not shown) of the next one or by press this handle realization when handle is in retracted mode in heating operation the time.Therefore, this latch piece can boil under the state or liquid boils under the state by manual release at liquid in advance, and this depends on operator's special requirement.
As mentioned above, kettle 1 has closable flap mechanism 7, this provides following advantage: (1) can be regulated control turn-off time of kettle 1 and (2) and limit liquid basically flow out from kettle 1 in heating operation after boiling, for example kettle 1 by the situation of accidental overturning under.
In addition, kettle 1 has flap mechanism (not shown), the motion mating reaction of this mechanism and handle 4, thus boiled and handle 4 when being in extended configuration and the steam channel (not shown) mating reaction of kettle 1 when liquid.Like this, this steam channel is closed, and steam and kettle boil the passage that controller communicates and only just be interrupted after kettle 1 in use has been turned off.The advantage of this set is that kettle boils controller and has a response improved (faster promptly) resetting time.Perhaps, the motion of the above-mentioned outside rotation of handle 4 can replace flap mechanism and use simply in the process of the action of for example pouring out the liquid in the container, thereby causes the steam channel (not shown) to be closed.
Therefore, described setting reaches above-mentioned purpose of the present invention by a kind of novelty, that outward appearance is succinct and safe kettle is provided, in use, the operator can push a movable handle groove that forms and connect kettle in the container body, liquid in kettle reaches predetermined temperature then, and this handle can become an extended configuration automatically after for example boiling.Certainly, should be noted that this handle also can manually move to extended configuration from retracted mode, so that when boiling state in advance or boiling state, cut off this kettle.This producer for kettle is a very favorable advantage.
The foregoing description can modifications and variations under the condition that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is exemplary that these embodiment only are considered in all fields.For example, if design allows, the part of handle in use can be used as the part of the overall profile of container body and stretches out.In addition, though the present invention is above describing in conjunction with a kind of kettle, this device also can be the liquid heating of a hot-water bottle or other type.

Claims (21)

1. liquid heating, it comprises a container, a heating element heater that is used for the liquid in the heating container, with a handle mechanism, it is characterized in that, this handle mechanism is movably connected in described container, and its configuration can make it move between a retracted position and at least one extended position, the described retracted position person of being to use can not grip described handle mechanism to pick up the position of putting described container, and the described extended position person of being to use can grip described handle mechanism to pick up the position of putting described container and not touching described container; Describedly be suitable for responding with making described handle mechanism being connected of container that liquid in this container is heated to a predetermined temperature and move to one first extended position an extended position or a plurality of extended position from described retracted position.
2. by the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described heating element heater is arranged in the described container.
3. by claim 1 or 2 described devices, it is characterized in that, comprise when described handle is in described retracted position being connected with described handle mechanism with connection or increase mechanism to the electric energy supply of this heating element heater.
4. by claim 1 or 2 described devices, it is characterized in that, comprise when liquid reaches described predetermined temperature and/or described handle motion to this or described first extended position is connected with described handle mechanism with turn-off or minimizing to the mechanism of the electric energy supply of this heating element heater.
5. by the described device of claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described mechanism that is connected with described handle mechanism has an actuator switch mechanism that is associated, it comprises a bimetallic actuator and a trip rod that is associated, this bimetallic actuator is suitable for change state after liquid reaches described predetermined temperature, and this trip rod is used for engaging with described handle mechanism according to the position of handle.
6. by the described device of claim 5, it is characterized in that, comprise releasable bolt lock mechanism, this bolt lock mechanism is arranged to and this actuator switch mechanism and handle mechanism mating reaction, thereby allows handle mechanism to be maintained at described retracted position when this device is in heating operation.
7. by the described device of claim 6, it is characterized in that, but described bolt lock mechanism is arranged to manual release.
8. by the described device of claim 6, it is characterized in that described bolt lock mechanism is arranged to reach described predetermined temperature according to liquid and is discharged.
9. by claim 1 or 2 described devices, it is characterized in that, comprise being used for a closing cap of described container being locked in locking mechanism in the closed condition at the heating operation of this device.
10. by the described device of claim 9, it is characterized in that described locking mechanism is used for unclamping the closing cap of described container after described handle is in this or described first extended position.
11., it is characterized in that this unclamp operation realizes by the further rotational motion of described handle from described first extended position to, second extended position by the described device of claim 10.
12. by claim 1 or 2 described devices, it is characterized in that, also comprise a flap mechanism, this mechanism can move between a closed position and an enable possition, makes that the pouring spout at container described in the heating operation of this device controllably is in closed condition.
13. by the described device of claim 12, it is characterized in that, comprise the second flap mechanism that is connected with described handle mechanism, condition responsive athletic performance to this or described first extended position in described handle mechanism from described retracted position can be boiled at liquid by the described second flap mechanism, thereby can be enabled after boiling to be controlled selectively by the quantity of steam that this device is sensed at described liquid.
14., it is characterized in that described handle is hingedly mounted on the top of this container, so that a kind of setting of type of cantilever to be provided by claim 1 or 2 described devices.
15., it is characterized in that described handle mechanism is arranged in the groove that is formed in the described container by claim 1 or 2 described devices.
16. by claim 1 or 2 described devices, it is characterized in that described handle mechanism is arranged to leave described container, this handle mechanism can overcome this biasing force and move to described retracted position resiliently biasedly.
17., it is characterized in that described handle is made by transparent material by claim 1 or 2 described devices.
18., it is characterized in that comprise lighting mechanism, it is arranged in the described container, in the heating operation of this device so that described handle mechanism is instructed to by claim 1 or 2 described devices.
19. by the described device of claim 18, it is characterized in that described lighting mechanism comprises a lamp, this lamp in use is in a position that the end aligns with described handle.
20., it is characterized in that described handle mechanism can be by the manual operation campaign by claim 1 or 2 described devices.
21., it is characterized in that this device is a kettle by claim 1 or 2 described devices.
CN 01813762 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Improvements relating to liquid heating appliances Expired - Fee Related CN1243501C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0013868.5 2000-06-07
GB0013868A GB2363056B (en) 2000-06-07 2000-06-07 A liquid heating appliance with a retractable handle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1454067A CN1454067A (en) 2003-11-05
CN1243501C true CN1243501C (en) 2006-03-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN 01813762 Expired - Fee Related CN1243501C (en) 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Improvements relating to liquid heating appliances

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CN (1) CN1243501C (en)
AU (1) AU2002213577A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2363056B (en)
WO (1) WO2001093730A2 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8252707B2 (en) 2008-12-24 2012-08-28 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Composition for high performance glass fibers and fibers formed therewith
US8338319B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2012-12-25 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Composition for high performance glass fibers and fibers formed therewith
US8341978B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2013-01-01 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Method of manufacturing high performance glass fibers in a refractory lined melter and fiber formed thereby
US8563450B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2013-10-22 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Composition for high performance glass high performance glass fibers and articles therefrom
US8586491B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2013-11-19 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Composition for high performance glass, high performance glass fibers and articles therefrom
US9187361B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2015-11-17 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Method of manufacturing S-glass fibers in a direct melt operation and products formed there from
US9206068B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2015-12-08 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Method of manufacturing S-glass fibers in a direct melt operation and products formed therefrom

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0211482D0 (en) * 2002-05-17 2002-06-26 Bone Paul A Container
AU2004205175B2 (en) * 2003-08-22 2008-02-07 Sunbeam Corporation Pty Ltd An electric kettle
AU2007101195B4 (en) * 2003-08-22 2008-05-01 Sunbeam Corporation Limited An electric kettle
GB2405078B (en) * 2003-08-22 2006-10-11 Sunbeam Corp An electric kettle with a lid
EP1561405A1 (en) 2004-02-06 2005-08-10 Brita GmbH Lid for container and jug
GB2448767A (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-10-29 Otter Controls Ltd Electric liquid heating appliance having a movable handle
GB2477944B (en) 2010-02-18 2015-04-01 Otter Controls Ltd Cordless electrical appliances

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GB1579534A (en) * 1976-05-22 1980-11-19 Joseph Ltd N C Control means for electrically heated vessels for heating liquid
GB8917567D0 (en) * 1989-08-01 1989-09-13 Strix Ltd Kettle control
GB9605295D0 (en) * 1996-03-13 1996-05-15 Strix Ltd Electric liquid heating vessels
EP0853911A1 (en) * 1997-01-15 1998-07-22 Le Creuset S.A. Handles
DE20002687U1 (en) * 2000-02-15 2000-09-07 Kuschel Pieter Electric kettle with tea cooking function

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8341978B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2013-01-01 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Method of manufacturing high performance glass fibers in a refractory lined melter and fiber formed thereby
US8563450B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2013-10-22 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Composition for high performance glass high performance glass fibers and articles therefrom
US8586491B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2013-11-19 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Composition for high performance glass, high performance glass fibers and articles therefrom
US9187361B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2015-11-17 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Method of manufacturing S-glass fibers in a direct melt operation and products formed there from
US9206068B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2015-12-08 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Method of manufacturing S-glass fibers in a direct melt operation and products formed therefrom
US8338319B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2012-12-25 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Composition for high performance glass fibers and fibers formed therewith
US8252707B2 (en) 2008-12-24 2012-08-28 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Composition for high performance glass fibers and fibers formed therewith

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2363056B (en) 2003-07-16
AU2002213577A1 (en) 2001-12-17
CN1454067A (en) 2003-11-05
WO2001093730A3 (en) 2002-03-28
WO2001093730A2 (en) 2001-12-13
GB2363056A (en) 2001-12-12
GB0013868D0 (en) 2000-08-02

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Granted publication date: 20060301