CN1242724A - Process for casting steel-bodied bits - Google Patents
Process for casting steel-bodied bits Download PDFInfo
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- CN1242724A CN1242724A CN 97181230 CN97181230A CN1242724A CN 1242724 A CN1242724 A CN 1242724A CN 97181230 CN97181230 CN 97181230 CN 97181230 A CN97181230 A CN 97181230A CN 1242724 A CN1242724 A CN 1242724A
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Abstract
Steel bit bodies are manufactured in a production process that employs polystyrene patterns in a lost foam casting process. The patterns are machined to permit the formation of complex shapes that cannot be reproduced in simple patterns that are extractable from reusable, two-piece pattern molds or dies. The patterns are machined from a billet material according to a basic, programmed, five-axis machining process to form multiple copies of a reproducible complex pattern body. The process is modified to produce multiple copies of a modified design. Machining the complex patterns and producing variations by changing the machine program permit multiple bit patterns of variable forms to be produced without need for building an intermediate, reusable pattern mold that would require multiple mold pieces, thus eliminating the associated time and expense required in the creation of a new pattern mold for each variation of the bit design. The pattern is machined in a single chucking operation in a machine tool adapted for machining plastics in a three-dimensional global process. The plastic has a composition and a density that permit it to be machined into a pattern having relatively small, unsupported structural projections and smooth surface features. Bit patterns formed in the process have forward canted blades that are machined from mating planar surfaces to simplify the machining process. The edges of the forward canted blades form a spiral surface for mounting cutter elements. The forward canting makes the blades stronger and thus permits the blades to be thinner than non-canted blades to increase the clearance between blades, which improves the movement of cuttings past the bit. Recesses are machined into the gauge face of the patterns to produce a recess in the casting for receiving hardfacing. The hardfacing in the recess forms a layer that cooperates with the surrounding blade material to form a smooth transition area as the bit wears during usage.
Description
Background of the present invention
The field of the invention
The manufacturing of the steel body bit that relate generally to oil well of the present invention and gas well are boring.Say that more specifically the present invention relates to the design of drill bit and the production process of casting drill bit, these drill bits have complicated shape, different size and dimensions is changed, and need not use complicated, reusable apperance mould.
The explanation of prior art
The basic process of making steel bit is from solid-state steel billet, and it is processed into required final drill-shape.This basic process can add improvement, promptly adopts steel casting, and it is cast as near final drill-shape, so just can significantly reduce amount of machining.Though make program comparatively complicated owing to increase the metal casting work step, the total saving on time and expense can be offseted the change expense that adopts foundry goods greatly.
Usually cast bit body with more material, so that in a specific drill bit, can make another kind of design details with machining.The excess stock of staying in this case on the foundry goods just can make the many alternative chances of people, if this drill bit does not need to add other details during fabrication, removes redundance with regard to available machining so, and the details that add has not just existed yet.The problem that this half measure that adopts in inside is brought is, in the time will making the drill bit that need not add other details, can adopt more common foundry goods originally, but will add bigger machining amount now and remove excess stock on the foundry goods.Can address this problem to a certain extent near similar specific foundry goods to a kind of net shape of specific pattern drill bit though adopt just, what is to be done but next need weigh again, because this specific foundry goods also just can not have other details by machining owing to do not comprise the required material of the other details of generation.In ordinary production, a kind of foundry goods is being machined to the flexibility that obtains for several different ultimate shapes and is preparing to make balance between the required expense of a kind of specific foundry goods for each different design shape.
In the field that drill bit is made, need relatively more special-purpose drill bit size, shape and shape to satisfy concrete purposes usually.Drill bit is often made by user's specification requirement.The design of concrete drill bit and the pattern of size requirements are many more, and the shape of general foundry goods is approaching more basic steel billet just.In the past, often need raising the efficiency and minimizing expense and make balance between the two in the production run of a kind of specific bit design for the drill bit design of less production lot even single customization remains on the ability that variation is provided on drill bit size or the drill bit design.
People know in field of metal casting technology has a kind of method can be used for complicated shape on the casting entity, in the method, whenever does a foundry goods and just will consume a mold.A kind of such method is commonly referred to as model casting, and it is to adopt consumable, a nonrecoverable plastics apperance in consumable, a nonrecoverable mould.A kind of variation of this method is to adopt foamed plastics as apperance, and at this moment this method can be described as " molten bubble mold casting ".When a large amount of identical objects will be cast with molten bubble mold method (lost foam), an available reusable metal pattern produced many foam plastics moulds.Next each apperance of making in model is covered so that forms a shell mould by hardenable fluidised form material in another work step.Employed material of this specific process and work step be at United States Patent (USP) 4,660, more complete explanation arranged in No. 623.In case the shell mould is hardened, just available chemical method or heating means are eliminated foam plastics mould.The molten steel of available fusing is injected in the shell mould of sclerosis and makes foundry goods then.Whenever do a foundry goods, sacrifice a plastics apperance and the work step that can consume the shell mould all will repeat once.
Above-mentioned molten bubble mold casting typically comprises the process in multiplex's step, at first is that the object that will cast is made a positive apperance.Make reusable, metal, as to have a negative apperance model with this apperance then.According to the complexity of the apperance that will will be made by the apperance model, the apperance model may be made up of a plurality of separable parts, so that model can be deviate from from apperance.In a single day the apperance model is finished, and just available this model is made a large amount of apperances.The design of the object of casting is as changing, and the apperance model also will become thereupon.
For the shape of complexity, as the sort of complicated shape that apperance can not be taken away from the model of two lobes that drilling bit had, the apperance model of making a metal is very time-consuming expensive.Need be for a steel body bit manufactures and designs model that a foam plastics mould uses in typical case, making a suitable metal pattern may need several weeks and can expend nearly 50,000 dollars or more.And the change of any point drill bit design need be revised old model or make new apperance model, so just will pay the relevant loss of time and expense.Therefore, adopting the metal pattern original mold type of this centre that the foam plastics mould that uses in the molten bubble mold casting method is provided routinely is inappropriate to making complicated steel body bit.
United States Patent (USP) 5,197 once illustrated a kind of method No. 527, and wherein the block workpiece of foamed plastics is machined to eliminable foam plastics mould and casts so that be used in the block mold.In the method that this system formulated, adopt a plurality of machinings station, make when a large amount of identical apperances need be made and in a process, to realize best efficient.Have three lathe positions that the program of patent once illustrated a straight line under workpiece, this lathe just can processed the shaping surface that makes workpiece when axis three standards, mutually perpendicular move.Though these workpiece also will pass through machining, but the apperance of making so also can suit to be used to make shell mould as middle apperance, compared with the top said apperance that a metal pattern then adopts model thus to cast out of making earlier, concerning system, rather be an improvement.It is suitable to middle apperance thus, is because only the apperance made from three-axis moving has and uncomplicated shape, therefore can deviate from from two fairly simple lobe models.Some shown in the method for prior art simple and and uncomplicated design also can easily finish if any changing with this law, need only revise getting final product apperance slightly.This law also is applicable to the situation that needs a large amount of identical parts of casting.
United States Patent (USP) 4,423 once illustrated a kind of method of making rock bit, and wherein used the foundry engieering of foamed plastics to be used to make the steel drill bit body for No. 646.Foamed plastics is molded into identical with a drilling bit body basically shape, and cutting member then is installed on the foamed plastics formed body (apperance).The foamed plastics formed body can be by machined so that produce the drill bit details of adding.This sub-assembly (bit body adds cutting member) is covered so that form the model body by hardenable cast material then.Then foamed plastics is burnt from the model of sclerosis, as a means of reserve cavity in model, the molten steel of fusing just may be cast in this model cavity.After treating the molten steel condensation, model can be removed from the drill bit of finishing with method of chemical treatment.So producing required foam plastics mould needs one and is included in casting in the model and with the process of two work steps of machining.
Though people recognize those complicated apperances that are not easy to cast out and can make with machining from a model material, see that machining also has its limitation to each apperance with this manufactured in model.With apperance of machining manufacturing rather than in a complicated model, it is cast out, do not eliminate the problem of consumption costs and time.
Though adopt the Digit Control Machine Tool of suitable programmed to come the machined apperance can produce the identical apperance of any requisite number purpose, complicated by machined part as any machined program, it is also just many more to make required time of this part and expense.Crooked part is the energy elapsed time especially, just can make smooth curved surface because they need process repeatedly usually.
Traditional helical blade drilling bit has the blade end of a continuous bend and so that be used for cutting element is mounted to spirality.Machined is crooked and blade that spiral is very difficult and time-consuming on steel casting.Plastics are machined to crooked shape also want elapsed time, and because each apperance must be divided manufacturings of coming, also should be multiplied by the loss of time in a production procedure in this time the number of energy machined apperance.Therefore, the change of any design just can be saved time and expense significantly as long as can reduce mach complexity, no matter this design is used for steel material or plastics.
If the machined of plastics apperance also makes us might create the sort of drill bit design of carrying out machined then not gearing to actual circumstances on steel casting.Perhaps the surface that needs hour ability to form like this on the steel bit body may only need a few minutes just can be machined on the plastics apperance.It if this ability makes us can create directly machined on steel bit with gearing to actual circumstances the details of the sort of casting drill bit that do not gear to actual circumstances.
In the typical manufacture method of steel body bit circuitous to a problem from hardfacing materials is welded on the datum level of drill bit.If material is not suitably to weld depositedly, can cause the oversize or too small of drill bit, perhaps can cause the coarse limit of can hook grabbing the wellhole surface.In either case, this drill bit all must be processed again and correct shortcoming.
Traditional steel bit also adopts from blade edge and extends to another blade edge and cross the hardfacing materials of blade face.If this hardfacing materials does not suitably exert, so when bit body owing to it contacts with harder hardfacing materials when being worn away, this hardfacing materials may form a sharp-pointed limit, this limit can be stuck on the borehole wall, and causes drill vibration and other undesirable boring actions.Therefore, will be appreciated that and hardfacing materials is applied to suitably the proper handling to drill bit is a crucial thing on the correct zone of drill bit.
Brief description of the present invention
The present invention's steel bit body complex-shaped for those, that can not cast out in the reusable model of rain lobe provides a kind of manufacture method.The present invention also provides the drill bit design of a kind of energy with the novelty of method manufacturing of the present invention.In the method for the invention, at first block plastics are machined to apperance, form first reproducible complicated apperance body.In this article, noun " complicated apperance " is used to illustrate a kind of apperance that can not take out in that three lobes constitute by being less than, the reusable model.This complexity apperance body is used as the material of fusing so that make the metal duplicate of the first complicated apperance body in model casting.The metal casting of making from mach complicated apperance can be made into two or more, as long as each apperance is repeated identical machining process.An important feature of the present invention is the modification that this method can be used to make complicated apperance body, need only change the machined apperance that mach control program makes it produce modification and get final product.Thereby this ability makes its can produce a plurality of for given, complicated drill bit design with revise apperance that design uses and can save to make a reusable apperance model and change the apperance model and produce the middle work step of revising apperance limitedly.
In the more excellent form of implementation of this method, complicated apperance is to be formed by the polystyrene material machined of pushing.Five Digit Control Machine Tool is used to make complicated drill bit apperance body.Adopt basic kernel program to produce a plurality of duplicate of given apperance body design, and produce a plurality of duplicate of one or more drill bit design modified version by the modification of taproot program.
Mach complicated drill bit apperance can be used in " duplicating foundry goods " (Replicast) in method or other the similar methods, and hardenable at that time material is used to cover on the apperance of polystyrene so that make a shell model.The apperance that covers is heated and makes the cover layer sclerosis and make apperance burn or vaporize.The shell mould that causes at last is pottery preferably, is placed on the supporting casting bed or on other supporting structures, and the molten steel of fusing is injected in it and just can produce required bit body.In case metal condensation, the shell mould of pottery just can be abolished from metal, thereby exposes the drill bit with required complicated shape.
Preferably lightweight, that extruding the is come out polystyrene of plastics as the machined blank, it can be made a smoother surface by machined, this material is except having this characteristic, also have enough intensity and make it when being machined to, can be made into shape elongated, less, that the oneself supports to apperance.And be generally used for die casting or the system type is compared with the polystyrene that more excellent material of the present invention adds extruding with the plastics of apperance, on the former more, less densification and the structure a little less than.
The plastics blank is formed to complicated shape in the machine operations of one work step can eliminate the workpiece needs of clamping again, and the precision that increases processed apperance is reappeared ability.Adopt device axle or five lathe also can eliminate the needs that axle or other clamping anchor clamps are installed by central authorities are set on plastic blank, and this axle or anchor clamps may need when in order to make complicated machined details workpiece being reorientated on three traditional lathes.
Design is used for the special-purpose five-axis machine tool of machined soft material and is used so that increase machine speed and flexibility.In the production procedure of repeatedly carrying out, the more more design of bit change apperance if desired, adopting this special purpose machine tool to make complicated drill bit apperance surface so will be particularly suitable for.
Drill bit of the present invention has the independent characteristics that cause owing to its design and its manufacture method.Drill bit of the present invention is a screw blade steel body bit, increases the passing away of smear metal when the spacing between its adjacent knife blades is increased with convenient bit bore.Drill tip is to the drill axis deflection and form a plurality of continuous plane surfaces, and these plane surfaces are in conjunction with just producing a continuous helical curve so that be used for installing cutting element on blade edge.Adopt this method, just available fairly simple plane surface machining process obtains the machining surface of a helical curve.
Another characteristics of drill bit of the present invention are the deflection forward of blade, and the boring power that acts on like this on the rotating blade will most ofly be passed through blade starter body from blade edge.In contrast, one not on the blade of deflection, boring power can act on the blade side with right angle orientation, thereby increases the recurvate power of blade that makes.Be applied to power on the blade edge rather than be applied on the side of blade and can allow the blade attenuate, the minimizing of blade thickness helps the increase of spacing between blade, can improve smear metal flowing through drill bit so again.
Another characteristics of drill bit of the present invention are to be provided with groove area on datum level, in order to apply hardfacing materials.Groove area is machined in the reference surface district of plastics mould.The drill bit foundry goods contains corresponding grooves.The hardfacing materials that is applied in the groove area can play the effect of resisting abrasion when drill bit rotates, thereby can help to keep constant bore diameter.Can make at the groove area that is used for applying hardfacing materials between the blade edge has a smooth contact-making surface between drill tip material and the hardfacing materials, thereby the edge that can prevent hardfacing materials is cut a hole in the wall that forms or from blade and split.Groove also can be used as mark, so that the welder applies hardfacing materials and makes more even, a complete cementation zone.Need a time-consuming machining process though form groove area in steel bit itself, groove can be made in the plastics apperance rapidly and easily, and this plastics apperance can be used in the used casting process of the present invention.
A free-revving engine of the present invention as from the foregoing is that a kind of method will be provided, and wherein the steel body bit of a plurality of complexity can cast out with molten bubble mold casting, and used apperance can be made with programmable program controlled machine tool.
Another free-revving engine of the present invention is that a kind of method will be provided, so that the kernel program that is used for controlling cnc machine tool by change changes basic drill bit design.
It is that a kind of method will be provided that the present invention also has another purpose, and it can be used to make a plurality of identical metal duplicate of a basic drill bit design, and can revise design easily and promptly, produces a plurality of identical duplicate of revising design.
Another object of the present invention is that a kind of method will be provided, wherein be used to produce the foam plastics mould drill bit foundry goods, complicated can its with the very approaching net shape of the complicated bit body that will cast for checking, thereby can easily check out defective on the apperance body.Compare with additive method, wherein final drill bit apperance causes by a series of work steps, the apperance that is produced just generally is similar to final required shape, and system of the present invention is owing to directly comparing between end product and apperance, even the relatively poor inspector of experience also can check out defective.
People's free-revving engine of the present invention is that a kind of method of casting drilling bit will be provided, and this method can be used to make drilling bit negligible amounts, particular design, also can be used to the modification of design is substantially created, and does not need other expense, does not also delay.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production method of utilizing the plastics apperance to form the metal bit body of a plurality of complexity, said plastics apperance is come out by computer-controlled machine tooling, can produce the duplicate of a plurality of reproducible immediately and revisable immediately plastics apperance of complicated bit body like this.
It is the method that a kind of cast metal drill bit will be provided that the present invention also has another purpose, wherein model material is machined to the apperance into fusible material in fusing apperance casting, and this fusible material has compactness, can easily be machined to is the apperance of a smooth durable, and its shape makes it become the correct basically duplicate that meets with required drill bit design.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of making complicated drill bit, this method can be produced with less Quantity Economics ground, and can change the design of drill bit with the way that changes the Digit Control Machine Tool programming.
Another object of the present invention is that a kind of method will be provided, wherein have four or more the lathe of multiaxis can under the condition of clamping operation, finish complicated plastics apperance, thereby can have a plurality of accurate duplicate in fusing apperance casting, to be poured into a mould with required drill-shape.
A relevant purpose of the present invention is that a kind of method of processing soft material on five-axis machine tool will be provided, thereby the particular design of negligible amounts can be made economically.
Another free-revving engine of the present invention is that a kind of drill bit with special shape blade will be provided, this blade on bit body forward deflection form the apperance of helical margin so that be used for installing cutting element.
A relevant purpose of the present invention is that a kind of steel body bit of deflection blade forward that has will be provided, this blade is cooperatively interacted by the machined on a plurality of planes and forms, can become the shape for the cutting edge installation of a spiral, screw blade design of its effect as same full curve.
A further object of the invention is that a kind of blade drill bit of deflection forward on the drill bit direction of rotation will be provided, make the drill tip edge with an angle interlock stratum, come like this it to be passed to bit body by blade, as a means of increasing the intensity of blade on boring direction along longitudinally guiding boring power.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method, and wherein being used for making has many plane surfaces through machined they to be worked in coordination on the plastics apperance of multitool sheet steel body bit and have the effect of screw blade.
A general objects of the present invention is that a kind of drill bit design will be provided, and this design has the machining surface details of simplification, can produce and adopt the complicated getable effect similar effects of machined table.
An object of the present invention is to adopt and a kind ofly have the apperance of above-mentioned the sort of improved machined features so that in fusing apperance casting, use.
Another object of the present invention is that a kind of drill bit design will be provided, and this design can cast from the plastics apperance, and that this plastics apperance has is easier of mach feature than steel.
A relevant purpose of the present invention provides a kind of drill bit with groove area, so that hardfacing materials is applied to the datum level of drill bit.
It is that a kind of apperance with groove area will be provided that the present invention also has a relevant purpose, this groove area is machined in the datum level of plastics apperance, so that hardfacing materials is applied thereon, this plastics apperance is used to produce drill bit in molten bubble mold casting.
Brief description of drawings
Fig. 1 makes each work step of steel body bit of the present invention for the calcspar explanation.
Fig. 2 is the end-view of drill bit apperance of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the elevation view of a section of drill bit apperance of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the elevation view according to the drill bit of explanation manufacturing of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the end-view of drill bit among Fig. 4; And
Fig. 6 is the elevation view of the motor-driven head of five CNC lathes being used for making apperance in the method for the invention.
The explanation of preferred embodiment
The basic work step of method of the present invention is usually pointed out with label 10 in Fig. 1.First work step of this method require the polystyrene blank to an extruding carry out machined so as to form one with the complicated apperance that will be equal to substantially with the drill bit of casting method manufacturing.This apperance uses the Digit Control Machine Tool of five computer operations to come machined, can make complicated shape under the condition of a clamping of plastic blank.
As shown in the square 12, mud hardenable by one deck through mach apperance, refractory material covers.To have tectal apperance and be placed in the drier,, make a ceramic shell of refractory material sclerosis becoming, simultaneously the plastics apperance be burnt as shown in the square 13.
The ceramic case mould is positioned on the sand platform, as shown in the square 14, so that make thin ceramic case mould obtain support structure.
With the pouring molten steel of fusing in the ceramic case mould, as shown in the square 15.
After steel cooling, broken and remove the ceramic case mould from the foundry goods of making, as shown in the square 16.
Foundry goods is handled by machined or with additive method subsequently, just finish a drill bit like this, as shown in the square 17.
Known by prior art at the work step shown in the square 12-17.And the design (no matter its mode of production how) that forms special drill that the system type produces with program and this method of apperance and drill bit is a research object of the present invention.In the method for the invention, have a production system, wherein specific complicated drill bit design is composed of program, therefore can will adopt a limited number of apperance of this design to make by machined.This program can be revised again simultaneously, thereby modifies drill bit design.This modification design can be adopted in a period of time, can make amendment again again, thereby can produce one or more apperances of second revision design.This system just can come with the General System difference like this, in General System, all will make or revise the model of a middle apperance to each new or different drill produced flow process.
Fig. 2 illustrates a termination that has been machined to the polystyrene blank that is one five blade drill bit apperance.Usually why " complexity " is because its shape can not be taken out it from simple, reusable two lobe model structures to the apperance of pointing out with label 18.Though can produce a model that can be used to make apperance 18, this model will need a large amount of divided portion and complicated arrangement, construct required expense of such model and time this method can not be carried out.
A design that characteristics are drill bits of the present invention, this design in, apperance 18 can be machined to into a succession of plane surface as the surface 19,20,21 and 22, can make apperance obtain required surface configuration just these surfaces are connected to each other together.The drill bit details is by the significance that a plurality of plane surfaces constitute, and required time is compared during with the details machined that is made of curved surface, and machined plane surface required time can greatly reduce.This advantage is applicable to machined plastics apperance and from the process of steel billet machined bit body.
Apperance 18 is machined from the solid blank of extruded polystyrene.This blank is positioned in the lathe of five computer operations that are specially adapted to processing plastic.This lathe shown in the part has three straight-line axis and two axis that rotatablely move in Fig. 6.The motor-driven head of usually pointing out with label 25 in Fig. 6 comprises a machine tool 26, and it can rotate one 135 ° camber line at the either side of tool focus line from vertical direction.And the installed part of motor-driven head can turn round 360 °, as shown in Figure 6.Article three, the combination of rectilinear axis and two rotations makes this lathe 25 can make apperance sphere, complicated and can not need workpiece clamping again.This ability is significant, because if workpiece must be reorientated in chuck, so for softer plastics apperance, required tolerance will be difficult to keep and can be exceeded.If same problem because axle need reset, therefore also can be taken place by in fixed on central axle and will come complex surface details required on the machined apperance with the limited lathe of range of movement the time in workpiece in lathe.
An important feature of drill bit apperance design of the present invention is shown in Figure 2, can see that from this figure the back blade face that is formed by this surface 30,31,32 and 33 can obtain can not needing to come the machined curved surface with more time-consuming process with the unilateral identical effect of the circular knife of curve.The front surface of blade (can't see on the figure) is made of the plane surface of a plurality of connections similarly, and the blade that draws like this can be finished the screw blade identical functions with smooth curve.As possible, the outer surface details of drill bit apperance 18 all can be machined to the required machining time that a series of plane surface reduces the formation apperance.
The present invention also has an important feature shown in Figure 3, can see from this figure, and drill tip 35 is protruding from the body 36 of drill bit apperance.Generally extend along the A-A line on the plane of drill tip 35, and the central axis of bit body generally extends along the B-B line.As shown in Figure 3, the axis B-B of the plane of blade 35 and drill bit apperance intersects at angle.This blade is called as " deflection forward " of blade here with respect to the position of apperance axis.And in this respect, " forward " this speech also is used to refer to the direction of rotation forward of the drill bit made with respect to apperance 36.The direction of rotation forward of drill bit is exactly that direction of rotation that drill bit is used to get out wellhole.Concerning drill bit design of the present invention, deflection is main points forward, and it is located blade like this, makes boring power be directed into bit body backward along blade plane.In blade installed part traditional, not deflection, boring power acts on the drill tip with meeting at right angles, thereby applies a very big bending force on blade.And the deflection of blade can be guided boring power and makes it pass through cutter blade, comes bit body backward, the bending force when blade just can be kept out the boring motion like this.The reorientation of passing through cutter blade of this boring power makes us can adopt thin blade, and thin blade can make the spacing between the adjacent knife blades increase.This spacing of usually pointing out with label 38 in Fig. 2 is called as " reject chute ", and the formation cuttings of removing when it makes bit bore can upwards flow through drill bit and turn back to the well surface.The zone that increases reject chute can increase the boring ability of drill bit.
Should also be noted that except by the deflection, the blade on the bit body apperance in the mount pad is also by " inclination "." inclination " this speech is meant a position, on the plane of this position cutter on the direction of the rotation forward of drill bit Off-Radial and the angle that turns forward.
The drill bit design that blade is arranged on the bit body apperance can be installed the drill bit cutting edge by required helicon mode along the edge of blade.This pattern is preferably consulted Figure 4 and 5 simultaneously, it is such pattern, cutting edge is arranged on the place near the drill bit rotation along the edge of blade, and rotation forward along with drill bit, on the direction that drill bit rotates forward, cutting edge can further leave drill axis, simultaneously along with cutting edge leave the drill bit end, the degree that cutting edge departs from drill axis also increases gradually.This desirable shape can obtain, and does not need to process in addition the helical curve configuration that supporting structure is guided cutting edge.
Another important feature of drill bit of the present invention is to be provided with groove area on the outer surface of drill bit.These groove areas are used as the qualification place that applies hardfacing materials, and hardfacing materials is used for protecting bit body to make it avoid corrosion and wearing and tearing.Such zone of pointing out with label 50 in Fig. 3 is set on the radially ragged edge of blade 35.The foundry goods of making from apperance shown in Figure 3 can have the corresponding grooves district at drill tip.Groove area is used to apply hardfacing materials, normally finishes by welding process.Groove area have edge 51 can be used as the welder when applying heavy compress material benchmark and between drill tip material and hard-facing material, form a transition region.These characteristics combine the hard-facing that just can prevent to produce Roughen Edges and oversize or undersize, if do not prevented, these all can produce undesirable bit performance.
Consult Figure 4 and 5, the drill bit of making according to the present invention's explanation shown in it, this drill bit comprises the characteristics of drill bit of the present invention.Drill bit among Fig. 4 points out with label 60 that usually it comprises that a series of, form is to have cutting element 61 hard surface, cylindrical iron chains inserts.These cutting elements commonly used traditionally are fixed on the drill tip with brazing or other suitable methods.
Drill bit 60 has a bit face 62 and at its other end a junction 63 is arranged at the one end.Bit body extends in the axial direction and is loaded with blade 64,65,66,67 and 68 along axis C-C.Drill bit comprises reject chute, for example is included in the groove 69 between two adjacent knife blades 65 and 66.Five such reject chutes are arranged on drill bit 60.The size of reject chute 69 obviously adopts the getable reject chute of drill bit design institute of thicker blade much bigger than those.Therefore, this drill bit can improve the cutting removal amount, thereby can be comparatively fast and get out wellhole more effectively.Being positioned at nozzle 70 in the bit body is provided with like this and is orientated so that rinse out discarded object from the blade of cutting edge.
Fig. 4 illustrates the reference region 71,72 and 73 that applies hardfacing materials.The diameter of drill bit institute well bore is also determined in these positions, zone in bit body outer end radially.
People will know, above-mentioned these characteristics of drill bit of the present invention, its be worth above also more than illustrated this some.For example, on the surface of drill bit groove area being set so that admit hardfacing materials all is effective to the manufacture method of any steel bit.When can be when carrying out machined on the softer model material so that in casting subsequently, drawing required shape these characteristics particularly useful.And for example adopt the method for a plurality of process plane surfaces of machined to reach the effect of a continuous curved surface of machined, and though this way be with steel billet directly be machined to for drill bit or with plastic blank be machined to for next step casting process will with apperance all be effective.
Similarly, the deflection forward of the blade on bit body can provide useful effect no matter blade is made with any mode.
Though the polystyrene of explanation extruding once is a kind of more excellent model material above, other materials also is available.In general, any model material as long as can easily process, has enough light weight, and have enough structural strengths and make it can form the apperance details that the oneself supports, and can be used as the apperance of fusing apperance casting, all be available.
Adopt five-axis machine tool suitable especially when enforcement is of the present invention, because it only applies minimum power when the processing plastic apperance, so the tolerance of apperance can be done very for a short time.But should know that any device axle lathe as long as it can make required complicated apperance with required tolerance suitably under the condition of a clamping operation, also is available.
Under the enlightenment of above-mentioned explanation, those skilled in the art obviously can make variations and modifications to the present invention, but all these should belong in the scope of the present invention certainly from variation and modification that the present invention derives out.
Claims (21)
1. production method that is used for making a plurality of duplicate of complicated metallic object comprises:
(a) according to the blank of preprogrammed machining process machined apperance manufactured materials to form one first, reproducible, complicated apperance body;
(b) in investment casting, adopt the said first complicated apperance body as molten material so that make the metal duplicate of the said first complicated apperance body; And
(c) repeating step (a) and (b) to make a plurality of metal duplicate of the said first complicated apperance body.
2. the production method according to claim 1 also comprises the following steps:
(a) revise said preprogrammed machining process so that form one second reproducible, complicated apperance body;
(b) process the blank of apperance manufactured materials to form second reproducible, the complicated apperance body according to machining process said modification, preprogrammed;
(c) in investment casting, adopt the said second complicated apperance body as molten material so that make the metal duplicate of the said second complicated apperance body; And
(d) repeat process step (b) and (c) to make a plurality of metal duplicate of the said second complicated apperance body.
3. according to the production method of claim 1, it is characterized by, it is plastics that said apperance is made the material blank.
4. according to the production method of claim 1, it is characterized by, said plastics are polystyrene.
5. according to the production method of claim 1, it is characterized by, said machining process adopts the computer-controlled lathe of multiaxis.
6. according to the production method of claim 5, it is characterized by, said lathe is one to be used for processing the high-speed machine tool than soft material, and suitable have four or an a plurality of control axis.
7. according to the production method of claim 1, also comprise the following steps:
(a) on the said first complicated apperance body, form a shell mould;
(b) remove the said first complicated apperance body from said shell mould;
(c) deposite metal is poured in the said shell mould; And;
(d) remove said shell mould from said metal.
8. according to the production method of claim 7, it is characterized by, said shell mould covers on the said first complicated apperance with hardenable refractory material cover layer and forms;
Said cover layer is heated with the described cover layer that hardens, and removes the said first complicated apperance from said shell mould.
9. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized by, said blank is machined in a clamping and is the said first complicated apperance body.
10. according to the method for claim 9, it is characterized by, said blank is become the said first complicated apperance by machine tooling with at least three rectilinear motion axis and two rotations.
11. the method according to claim 1 is characterized by, said metallic object is a steel body bit.
12. the method according to claim 10 is characterized by, said apperance is used to casting and has a plurality of planes, the steel body bit of the blade of deflection forward.
13. the method according to claim 10 is characterized by, the said apperance that is used to cast steel body bit is provided with groove area so that admit hardfacing materials on its datum level.
14. a production method that is used for making a plurality of metal duplicate of complicated bit body comprises:
(a) the polystyrene blank of machined extruding on the five-axis machine tool of programming numerical control is to form the multitool sheet drill bit apperance of first complexity;
(b) cover said drill bit apperance with hardenable refractory material mud;
(c) handle the said apperance that has covered, make said cover layer sclerosis become the shell mould, and remove apperance from said shell mould;
(d) deposite metal is injected in the said shell mould;
(e) the said deposite metal of cooling makes it become solid metallic casting bit body; And
(f) remove said shell mould from the said bit body of casting.
15. the method according to claim 14 is characterized by, the said first complicated apperance is for having the plane, forward the apperance used of the steel body bit of the blade of deflection.
16. the method according to claim 14 is characterized by, the apperance that the said first complicated apperance is used for the steel body bit that has the groove area that applies hardfacing materials on datum level.
17. the method according to claim 15 is characterized by, the said first complicated apperance and also be on said plane, form the apperance that the datum level district of band groove uses on the blade of deflection forward.
18. method according to claim 14, it is characterized by, said first apperance has the blade of deflection forward, and said machined comprises the step that said blade is processed into a plurality of continuous plane surfaces, makes the bit body of being cast have the drill bit cutting element and with spirality the surface is installed.
19. the method according to claim 18 is characterized by, said machining steps also is included in the step in the datum level district that processes the band groove on said first apperance, makes the bit body of being cast have the datum level district of band groove on said blade.
20., also be included in the step of adding cutting element and hardfacing materials on the said bit body of casting according to the method for claim 14.
21., also be included in the step of adding cutting element and hardfacing materials on the said bit body of casting according to the method for claim 19.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97181230 CN1242724A (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1997-11-06 | Process for casting steel-bodied bits |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/747,549 | 1996-11-12 | ||
| CN 97181230 CN1242724A (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1997-11-06 | Process for casting steel-bodied bits |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1242724A true CN1242724A (en) | 2000-01-26 |
Family
ID=5178171
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97181230 Pending CN1242724A (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1997-11-06 | Process for casting steel-bodied bits |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1242724A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102228953A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2011-11-02 | 山东潍坊福田模具有限责任公司 | Stamping die insert lost foam manufacturing method |
| CN105538400A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-04 | 西安西正印制有限公司 | Device and method for processing waste renminbi banknotes |
| CN106272673A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 天津鹏翎胶管股份有限公司 | Blowing pipe automatic gas cutting machine |
| CN106944942A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-14 | 赵永兴 | A kind of clamp-on pipe vise |
| CN115167090A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-10-11 | 广东省机械研究所有限公司 | Manufacturing process of ceramic watch case |
-
1997
- 1997-11-06 CN CN 97181230 patent/CN1242724A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102228953A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2011-11-02 | 山东潍坊福田模具有限责任公司 | Stamping die insert lost foam manufacturing method |
| CN102228953B (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-19 | 山东潍坊福田模具有限责任公司 | Stamping die insert lost foam manufacturing method |
| CN105538400A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-04 | 西安西正印制有限公司 | Device and method for processing waste renminbi banknotes |
| CN106272673A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 天津鹏翎胶管股份有限公司 | Blowing pipe automatic gas cutting machine |
| CN106944942A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-14 | 赵永兴 | A kind of clamp-on pipe vise |
| CN106944942B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-04-05 | 赵永兴 | A kind of clamp-on pipe vise |
| CN115167090A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-10-11 | 广东省机械研究所有限公司 | Manufacturing process of ceramic watch case |
| CN115167090B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2024-02-20 | 广东省机械研究所有限公司 | Manufacturing process of ceramic watch case |
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Owner name: HALLIBURTON ENERGY RESOURCES SERVICE CORPORATION Free format text: FORMER OWNER: DRESSER INDUSTRIES, INC. Effective date: 20030918 |
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| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20030918 Address after: American Texas Applicant after: Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Address before: texas Applicant before: Dresser Industries, Inc. |
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| AD01 | Patent right deemed abandoned | ||
| C20 | Patent right or utility model deemed to be abandoned or is abandoned |