CN1242583A - Energy saving type electromagnetic induction products - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention includes at least one induction coil with multilayer winding. The connecting mode among the layers is to connect the bottom splice of first layer to the top of second layer and the bottom splice of second layer to the top of third layer, the others are connected by analogy. An additional winding is set in said induction coil,and the two ends of additional winding are connected to the ends of capacitor to form a closed circuit. Said connecting mode can avoid interference among the layers as the magnetic lines of layers are in same direction. The additional winding generates magnetic lines at the same direction as original magnetic field to reduce input current of primary coil without changing the inductive reactance.

Description

A kind of energy-conservation type electromagnetic induction products

The present invention relates to a kind of type electromagnetic induction products, as transformer, motor, electromagnet etc.

In type electromagnetic induction products, inductance element is absolutely necessary, and these inductance elements are inductance coil normally, or claims winding.In the existing type electromagnetic induction products, the winding mode of inductance coil all is to the coiling of same direction, and ground floor is from being discharged to down, then the second layer just under be discharged to, the 3rd layer again from being discharged to down, so analogizes.The mode of winding displacement causes the layer and the current opposite in direction of interlayer like this, and as a U type lead, though wherein electric current is still mobile along same direction, the sense of current in the adjacent parallel lead is opposite.This causes interlayer mutual inductance magnetic field to interfere with each other, and has hindered the changes of magnetic field of winding own; In order to offset reverse self-induced e.m.f, also strengthened the input current of power supply, thereby produced unnecessary reactive loss.

On the other hand, Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering is told us, and inductance has current limiting characteristic, and inductance value is big, and its induction reactance is also big, and little its induction reactance of inductance value is also little, and inductance and induction reactance are proportional, the size of induction reactance and the electric current relation of being inversely proportional to by coil.The effect of induction reactance has determined the size of place capacity (power).The size of inductance value is decided by the number of turn of winding.That is to say, if the number of turn of a winding reduces relatively, also will reduce the induction reactance of a winding, its electric current by winding increases relatively, it is big to show as power output, but required like this exciting curent is excessive, has increased reactive loss, increased required input current, it is excessive to show as no-load current.On the contrary, if the relative number of turn of winding is too much, its induction reactance is big, produces metering function, will influence and limit the power output of a winding, reduces the capacity of equipment.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to overcome the above problems, and a kind of energy-conservation type electromagnetic induction products is provided, and reduces interlayer interference in the coil, and under the situation that does not increase coil turn and coil current, the increase capacity.

The present invention realizes that the scheme of above-mentioned purpose is: a kind of energy-conservation type electromagnetic induction products, comprise at least one inductance coil N, it is characterized in that: described inductance coil N comprises the multilayer winding, layer with the connected mode of interlayer is: the bottom fitting of ground floor is connected to the top of the second layer, the bottom fitting of the second layer is connected to the 3rd layer top, and the rest may be inferred; Also set up an additional winding N ' on described inductance coil N, the two ends of this additional winding N ' link to each other with the two ends of capacitor C, constitute the closed-loop path.

Owing to adopted above scheme, adopt new method for winding, the layer of lattice coil is all flowed into along same direction with the interlayer electric current, also same direction flows out, the magnetic direction of each layer winding is identical, be similar to electric current co-flow in the parallel wire, avoided interfering with each other and offsetting of interlayer magnetic field, be equivalent to increase relatively effective turn.Simultaneously, utilize the characteristics of electric current leading voltage 90 degree in the electric capacity, the induced current phase place and the primary current of additional winding are formed synchronously in time, additional like this winding just plays the effect that increases a umber of turn, thereby under the situation that does not increase the primary winding coils number of turn and coil current, increased capacity.

Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b are the schematic diagrames of checking induced current and primary current direction relations.

Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b are that the direction of alternating current in its cycle analyzed schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b are the effect schematic diagrames in checking induced current magnetic field and additional winding magnetic field.

Fig. 4 a prior art center line coil winding schematic diagram.

Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c are winding wiring mode schematic diagrames of the present invention.

Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b, Fig. 5 c are several connection schematic diagrames of the additional winding of the present invention.

Also the present invention is described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings below by specific embodiment.

Embodiment one: see Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c, be depicted as a kind of inductance coil that is used for type electromagnetic induction products, described inductance coil N comprises the multilayer winding, and wherein Fig. 4 a is the winding mode of prior art, and Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c are the method for winding of the embodiment of the invention.

As seen, its layer with the connected mode of interlayer is from Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c: the bottom fitting of ground floor is connected to the top of the second layer, and the bottom fitting of the second layer is connected to the 3rd layer top, and the rest may be inferred, and this is different with the existing winding shown in Fig. 4 a.

See Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b, Fig. 5 c again, shown in be several connection schematic diagrames of the additional winding of the present invention.Set up an additional winding N ' on described inductance coil N, the two ends of this additional winding N ' link to each other with the two ends of capacitor C, constitute the closed-loop path.In Fig. 5 b, also be connected in series a variable resistor R between additional winding N ' and the capacitor C.Be applicable to transformer in the situation shown in Fig. 5 c, promptly described electromagnetic induction product is a transformer, its secondary coil N _"Two ends link to each other with variable resistor R two ends, and additional winding N ' connects with capacitor C afterwards and N _"In parallel.

Applicant's such scheme be based on its from the wound " theory at zero point " and " faradic direction law " and the proposition.For clear complete description the present invention, below begin to discuss from introducing above-mentioned theory earlier.

A theoretical faradic direction law (" Chen Shi law "): induced current and primary current are that same direction flows.Induced current hysteresis primary current 180 degree, the magnetic field of its formation impels the reverse current of new generation to follow its variation by positive rate, carries out the transmission and the conversion of electric energy.

Fig. 1 a, 1b are the experiments that checking induced current and the same direction of primary current flow.Among the figure, F is a degree of lip-rounding iron core, and K is a switch, and Q is a battery, and P, P ' they are galvanometer ,+,-be galvanometric end of the same name and different name end, the sense of current of arrow that circuit is outer for supposing, the arrow in the magnetic circuit is represented the direction of the magnetic line of force.Each point is connected into the circuit of Fig. 1 a with lead.When K switch is closed, can see that the pointer of two galvanometer P, P ' goes to same direction pendulum.B in this circuit, A ' line are disconnected, and Q, B ' line disconnect, and change into Q is connected with B, just become the inductive current direction test circuit of Fig. 1 b.When K switch is closed, can see that the pointer of two galvanometer P, P ' goes to same direction pendulum.Press the circuit of Fig. 1 b, can analyze induced current and primary current relation in time: flowing of primary current arranged earlier, the formation of the magnetic line of force is just arranged; The direction of the magnetic line of force has determined faradic direction.Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering is told us: in inductive circuit, and voltage leading current 90 degree, induced electromotive force hysteresis primary current 90 degree are so we we can say induced current hysteresis primary current 180 degree.The explanation of theoretical three Fig. 3 a is seen in the transmission of electric energy.

Theory theory at two zero points: in the closed-loop path, have two zero points, electric current is started from scratch, also from zero termination.Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b are that the direction of alternating current in its cycle analyzed schematic diagram.Wherein F is a transformer, and N is a winding, external AC power supply (with～represent), N ' is a secondary winding, and A, B point is respectively its two ends, and the O point is the centre cap of its number of turn, said neutral point on the books just, the balance of positive negative zeta potential overlaps with it zero point.O ' expression leading zero's institute is on the throne, and R is load, and C, D are expressed as its two ends, and K is a switch.With lead A, D point is connected, the connection of B, K point, pie graph 2a circuit is measured 2 of A, B and C, K 2 points with voltmeter, and voltmeter is represented same numerical value.Measure A, O and B, O 2 points at 2, its voltage represents it all is 1/2 numerical value of A, B two point voltages.The magnetic line of force direction of we a known winding N has determined the direction that the electric current of secondary winding N ' flows out.Suppose that the arrow indication is the upper half sense of current, K when C closes a floodgate, " voltage causes current zero-crossing point to zero " (position of leading zero's O ' is just at the C point).Pull one hair and move the whole body, the O point is to B point section, half of the number of turn in the winding, and the whole mobile effect of negatron produces and starts heavy current (moment), and electric current from the outflow of B point, flows through load R from O point, flows back to the O point from the A point again and terminates.In second half number of turn of winding, electric current with in the negatron and the quantity of positron progressively weaken, neutralizing to O point finishes, and finishes a mobile process of electric current.Fig. 2 b is the process that the lower half electric current flows.Flow through the upper half electric current, form a closed-loop path, start the mid point O ' that has been displaced to load R zero point, the lower half sense of current has changed, electric current is whole the outflow from the O point to the A point, flow back into the O point through load R from the B point, finish a lower half electric current process of flowing, as twice zero crossing of electric current in the one-period of saying on the books.We may safely draw the conclusion: in the closed-loop path, have two zero points, electric current is started from scratch, also from zero termination.Process a little less than each process that electric current flows all exists electric current by strong commentaries on classics.Positive charge is not move, and what move is negatron.By Fig. 1 b experiment conclusion: the magnetic line of force direction that primary current forms has determined the direction that induced current flows out.

The effect in theoretical three additional magnetic fields that winding produces plays the effect of the number of turn that increases a winding under the induction reactance that does not change a winding, and has reduced the input current of a winding.Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b are by waiting to try transformer F, reactance transformer F ', voltage regulating transformer F ", ammeter P, P ', voltmeter P ", four circuit diagrams that shunting switch K constitutes.See Fig. 3 a, waiting to try transformer F interior E, D at 2 is the two ends of a winding N, 2 of A ', D ' are the two ends of secondary winding (additional winding) N ', about 20 circles of its number of turn, D, D ' and A ', E are the end of the same name and the different name ends of two windings, A, B, C point are the tapping point of a winding N, and the number of turn between each point is AB=BC=CD=A ' D '.The number of turn of a winding N and the relation of load current are non-linear.The number of turn between A, E must be able to cooperate input 220V alternating voltage, reaches the exciting curent (no-load current) that produces the arm's length standard value.A, B, C, the D of winding N tapped into four positions of four way switch K at 4 respectively, with lead the winding N that has certain reactance value in the E point, reactance transformer F ' of waiting to try the winding N in the transformer F " an end, voltmeter P " end, voltage regulating transformer F " output O point connect together.D ' the point of waiting to try secondary winding (additional winding) N ' in the transformer F connects the winding N of reactance transformer F ' " other end, A ' some polyphone ammeter P ' and voltmeter P " other end, meet voltage regulating transformer F " output.The movable plug-in strip crosstalk stream table P and the voltage regulating transformer F of K switch " input connects power supply altogether.

Rotation voltage regulating transformer F " swing handle, make voltmeter P " output voltage be designated as zero, the plug-in strip of operating switch K is taken up in order of priority to connect A, B, C, D 4 points, observes ammeter P and changes and note at these 4 current values.The plug-in strip of K switch pulled to the C point connects rotation voltage regulating transformer F " swing handle, the current value of ammeter P when the C point is identical in promoting current value that output voltage makes ammeter P ' and noting down.Current value when the current value of observing ammeter P has been upgraded to B point in the record.Continue rotation voltage regulating transformer F " swing handle promote output voltage the current value of ammeter P ' doubled, the current value when the current current value of observing ammeter P has been upgraded to A point in the record.This has illustrated that faradic the action of a magnetic field offset the effective turn of a winding, thereby has reduced the induction reactance value in the winding one time, impels emerging reverse current to increase, and electric energy comes to this and utilizes magnetic field to transmit.

Fig. 3 b changes the two ends D ' that waits to try the interior winding N ' of transformer F with ammeter P ' into contacting, A ' and reactance transformer F ' winding N " polyphone; so just form electric current and flow into from the end of the same name of N, N ' winding simultaneously, make electric current in N, N ' winding, all press the map of current that same direction flows simultaneously.By last method experiment recast, turn voltage regulating transformer F " the swing handle booster tension, the current value when making the current value of ammeter P ' reach in record ammeter C point.The current value that D is ordered in observing the current current value of ammeter P and noting down is identical.This action of a magnetic field that has illustrated that additional winding N ' (secondary winding) is produced plays the effect of the number of turn that increases a winding N under the induction reactance that does not change a winding N, and has reduced the input current (no-load current) of a winding N.

According to above-mentioned theory, we analyze technical scheme of the present invention.Fig. 4 a is four layers of winding of conventional transformer.This its layer of method for winding and the each other mutual repulsion in the magnetic field of interlayer solenoid lead, the magnetic field of a plurality of mutual different directions of winding itself produces the mutual induction phenomenon, magnetic field interferes with each other the changes of magnetic field that when electric current (big cause electromagnetic shock and electromagnetic noise) hindered own winding (primary current), (the current over-zero spot speed is to the Arc Welding Power particular importance to have had a strong impact on the speed of current zero-crossing point, current interruption phenomenon, welding arc instability produce thus), in order to offset reverse self-induced e.m.f, also strengthen the input current of power supply, thereby produced reactive loss.What also proved obstruction primary current changes of magnetic field is the self inductance of its winding itself.

Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c use to make the winding exploded view of electric current along the mobile theory of the same direction of magnetic circuit.In fact a several-layer solenoid can be regarded as by a plurality of single-layer solenoids and be connected in series.With wire winding and mode of connection, when making electric current flow through in the winding each single-turn circular coil, all same direction flows into, same direction flows out, (every circle coil direction of both ends) forms winding and only produces a self-induction magnetic field, the magnetic line of force of its magnetic line of force direction and the sense of current is (its principle resembles many parallel wires by same directional current, and multiple conducting wires only forms a magnetic field) in the same way, has increased the input effective turn relatively.Among Fig. 4 b, the ground floor lead is aligned to below back and retracts the top from the lead of tail end from the top, and same again direction makes lead be aligned to the below from the top, and Same Way continues around third and fourth layer, forms each layer and all be the solenoid in the same way that tail head one by one connects.Electric current flows into from the A point, and the E point flows out, and its electric current always flows to below (along the same direction of magnetic circuit) from the top along solenoid through B, C, D point, and several-layer solenoid only forms a magnetic field between winding.The voltage peak that also can find out its layer and interlayer from figure has only 1/2 of interlayer voltage Fig. 4 a, dielectric strength is improved between winding, reduces the damage of winding when overvoltage, and there is not repulsion magnetic field in it, winding conducting wire is difficult for loose when overcurrent, and winding splits phenomenon cruelly when stopping overcurrent.The suitable winding that the number of turn is many, lead is thin of wire winding shown in Fig. 4 b, the winding thick for lead, that the number of turn is few, every layer of suitable independent same of solenoid is to coiling, hold lead to stay outside the winding end to end, be connected respectively in order with head end (top) with the tail end (below) outside winding of connecting line between initialization layer, constitute winding shown in Fig. 4 b.Fig. 4 c is the winding that the pancake coil with four same direction coilings is in series, and reaches the theory purpose that electric current is flowed along the same direction of magnetic circuit equally.The winding of pancake coil is: with the strip conductor of certain turn length, begin at the lead mid point, one section clockwise moving, the counter-clockwise moving of another section, every circle lead of every section lead all is layered on the face of a circle lead, just become one have only two leads wide, have the certain thickness and the number of turn, the lead two ends are all at the pancake coil on surface.A plurality of being together in series of these pancake coils just formed a winding that electric current is flowed along the same direction of magnetic circuit.

Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering is told us, and inductance has current limiting characteristic, and inductance value is big, and its induction reactance is also big, and little its induction reactance of inductance value is also little, and inductance and induction reactance are proportional, the size of induction reactance and the electric current relation of being inversely proportional to by coil.The effect of induction reactance has determined the size of place capacity (power).The size of inductance value is decided by the number of turn of winding.That is to say, if the number of turn of a winding reduces relatively, also will reduce the induction reactance of a winding, its electric current by winding increases relatively, it is big to show as power output, but required like this exciting curent is excessive, has increased reactive loss, increased required input current, it is excessive to show as no-load current.On the contrary, if the relative number of turn of winding is too much, its induction reactance is big, produces metering function, will influence and limit the power output of a winding, reduces the capacity of equipment.

Faradic direction law (Chen Shi law) has been pointed out a road for addressing this problem.According to the Chen Shi law, on magnetic circuit, increase additional winding, its electric current is an induced current, with primary current (winding) be equidirectional variation, but 180 degree that lag behind.If at additional winding two ends series, parallel capacitor, utilize the principle of capacitive circuit: the characteristic of capacitor two ends electric current leading voltage 90 degree, time differences 180 degree of capacitive and inductance current.Like this, the induced current of additional winding just looks like to have taken these row of capacitor " Dongfangkuaiche " time difference of 180 degree that lag behind is tried hard to catch up, synchronous on the induced current that makes additional winding and the primary current time of occurrence, its magnetic line of force that forms each other makes the action of a magnetic field of additional winding play a part to increase a winding effective turn in the same way.

Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b, Fig. 5 c produce and the synchronous electric current diagram of primary current additional winding.Wherein F is an iron core, and N is main winding (winding), and N ' is additional winding, and A, B are its two ends, N " be secondary winding, D, E are its two ends, and C is a capacitor, and K is bidirectional triode thyristor (for a variable resistor).Wherein Fig. 5 a is the method that the electricity consumption container C is carried out fixed compensation; Fig. 5 b increases bidirectional triode thyristor K as variable-resistance effect, and the angle of flow of controlling bidirectional triode thyristor with prior art changes with the secondary winding pressure drop, controls its current value by additional winding, compensates automatically; Fig. 5 c utilizes secondary winding N " offset the voltage of additional winding M ', making capacitor voltage at both ends is the potential difference of its two winding, along with the change of potential difference, the electric current by additional winding N ' is also along with change.Bidirectional triode thyristor K plays on-off action, the cut-off current secondary winding N that flows through ".

Electromagnet class (type electromagnetic induction) its kind of product and range of application are very widely, magnetic brake from the suction iron pan of steel and iron industry to various power, the magnetic support of large-scale grinding machine arrives the washing machine jettison gear of daily life to the contactor of automation process, the large-scale magnet valve of petrochemical industry, all embodies.Improve its magnetic field intensity under the condition that does not increase its input current if can reach at the volume that does not change this product, that is to say the efficient that improves its magnetic effect, it is energy-conservation that Here it is.

The winding of electromagnet is pressed the method coiling of Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c, no matter its input is direct current or alternating current, the formed magnetic field of winding has only one and the magnetic field that forms with the sense of current in the same way, because there is not the negative function of interlayer opposing magnetic field, relative magnetic field strength is strengthened.More because of there not being the factor of overslaugh primary current changes of magnetic field in the winding, electromagnetic noise and the not firm phenomenon of adhesive that the alternating electromagnetism place produces are eliminated.Press Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b and test theory: reduce the certain number of turn of electromagnet winding, be equivalent to reduce input induction reactance, increased input power (electric current).On the winding face again around the additional winding of certain number of turn, press ends A, the B point shunt capacitor C of Fig. 5 a at additional winding N ', utilize the characteristic of capacitor C two ends electric current leading voltage 90 degree, additional winding N ' is flow through with the synchronous low-voltage of main winding N and through the short circuit current of capacitor current limliting, thereby the action of a magnetic field of its generation play a part to increase the main winding N number of turn.That is to say: main winding N reduces input induction reactance, increased input power, increased the magnetic field intensity of iron core (electromagnet) F, the magnetic field intensity of iron core F (electromagnet) is further strengthened in the additional formed magnetic field of winding N ', the reaction of its formation, limit the growth of input current, reduced the current value that needs input, reached purpose of energy saving.F is a transformer core among Fig. 5 c, and N is a winding, and N ' is additional winding, and A, B are its two ends, N " be secondary winding, E, D are its two ends, A, E and B, D are respectively the end of the same name and the different name ends of additional winding and secondary winding.The number of turn of the turn ratio secondary winding of additional winding N ' is many slightly.2 connections of B, D.The induced voltage of supposing additional winding N ' is 240V, secondary winding N " induced voltage be 220V.So, 2 of A, E be because the direction negative function has only 20V at this point-to-point transmission series capacitor C, additional winding N ', secondary winding N ", synthetic closed-loop path between the capacitor C, the short-circuit voltage of 20V has caused the short circuit current that is ahead of voltage 90 degree.When secondary winding produces pressure drop because of load is subjected to the influence of reactive power, capacitor C both end voltage will increase so, and short-circuit voltage is high more, and its short circuit current is big more, and the electric current of leading voltage 90 degree by additional winding is big more.Carried out the effect of automatic compensation.In order to allow the electric current of this leading voltage 90 degree not at winding N " in pass through; at capacitor one end; two winding B, D tie point also connect bidirectional triode thyristor K as switch; make instantaneous break-make; the electric current of these leading voltage 90 degree is passed through from beeline, form the short circuit current loop of leading voltage 90 degree that constitute by additional winding N ', capacitor C, bidirectional triode thyristor K.Capacitor application reduces cost and volume on low-voltage widely.It adjusts easily simple.

China's motor year power consumption accounts for 68% of industrial total power consumption, in daily life, applied small size motor One's name is legions such as household electrical appliance, medicine equipment, amusement game, the ratio that accounts for human lives's electricity consumption is also not little.Motor, generator are to utilize the reason of magnetic effect to make as electromagnet all.Some motor is also used the capacitor winding and is moved.Using few number of turn, low-voltage, little, the capacious capacitor of volume in parallel so set up the additional distinguished place of this method of winding, its effect just strengthens motor magnetic pole intensity.The adding of the induced field that additional winding is produced makes electronic function soft start, does not produce too much starting current, alleviates the infringement of impulse current to motor, equipment and electrical network.Under the induction reactance that does not change main winding, (do not subtract the number of turn) and play a part to increase the main winding number of turn, thereby reduce input current.So also reduce motor winding conducting wire sectional area, leaving space in the motor wire casing is placed the coil that adds winding.

Being of wide application of rectifier power source is general, the power supply of electrolysis, plating, direct-current electric welding, all kinds of DC motor etc., and its power consumption is very important.In order further to make the rectifier power source economize on electricity, the solution of the present invention cooperates the multiple utilization of four commutating phase technology, make rectifier power source export the sine wave of four phase phase differences, 90 degree, shallow, the corrugated smooth of its trough, the ratio of AC value and mean value is 1.25: 1 a DC power supply.Can accomplish that the more asymmetric rate of three-phase power input end three-phase is lower than 3% the advanced level that is better than the world.

Classified as the Arc Welding Power of ten big energy-consuming products by Ministry of Machine-Building Industry, its power consumption also can not be ignored.Use the solution of the present invention the electric property of Arc Welding Power will extensively be improved, improve its current over-zero spot speed and welding arc stability.Especially to accounting for the ac arc wedling machine kind of Arc Welding Power quantity 75%, also fail to solve the difficult problem of its power factor low (45-50%) that causes because of falling characteristic in the world.Also in response to the method for setting up additional winding, flow through synchronizing current and broken through.

Power transformer is used the present invention will become the high efficiency transformer, have the function of non-damageable characteristic of momentary excess current and automatic compensating power.Can the form a complete production network capacitive of simple mechanism of producer hangs over that transformer is other to be sold together, exempts user's high and bulky capacitor box of acquisition price again.

More than be to answer the applicant to require to write on one's behalf, do not represent this agent suggestion.

Claims (3)

1. energy-conservation type electromagnetic induction products, comprise at least one inductance coil N, it is characterized in that: described inductance coil N comprises the multilayer winding, layer with the connected mode of interlayer is: the bottom fitting of ground floor is connected to the top of the second layer, the bottom fitting of the second layer is connected to the 3rd layer top, and the rest may be inferred; Also set up an additional winding N ' on described inductance coil N, the two ends of this additional winding N ' link to each other with the two ends of capacitor C, constitute the closed-loop path.

2. type electromagnetic induction products as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also be connected in series a variable resistor R between additional winding N ' and capacitor C.

3. type electromagnetic induction products as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described product is a transformer, its secondary coil N _"Two ends link to each other with variable resistor R two ends, and additional winding N ' connects with capacitor C afterwards and N _"In parallel.

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