CN1238464A - 蜂窝式移动通信网中的方向确定 - Google Patents

蜂窝式移动通信网中的方向确定 Download PDF

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CN1238464A
CN1238464A CN99104708A CN99104708A CN1238464A CN 1238464 A CN1238464 A CN 1238464A CN 99104708 A CN99104708 A CN 99104708A CN 99104708 A CN99104708 A CN 99104708A CN 1238464 A CN1238464 A CN 1238464A
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simple crosscorrelation
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蒂莫西·詹姆斯·思帕特
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Nokia of America Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24Cell structures
    • H04W16/28Cell structures using beam steering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/023Monitoring or calibrating
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/16Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived sequentially from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics or from an antenna system having periodically-varied orientation of directivity characteristic
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/38Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of real or effective orientation of directivity characteristic of an antenna or an antenna system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that antenna or antenna system, e.g. to give a maximum or minimum signal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/28Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Abstract

为了提高移动通信网中下行线路上的载波干扰比,提出了操纵下行线路上传送的波束由基站朝向移动终端。为此,必须知道移动终端位于什么方向。提出了一种方法,把从天线阵列发出的方向朝向移动终端所处位置。在阵列的每个天线2中存储一个符号序列。此序列包含已知训练序列。反复地空间处理此序列,为的是产生这样一个效果,阵列在其极坐标图上的主波瓣朝着多个相继不同的方向。

Description

蜂窝式移动通信网中的方向确定
本发明涉及蜂窝式移动通信系统。
为了改进移动通信网中下行线路上的载波干扰比,提出了控制下行线路上传送的波束由基站指向移动终端。为此,必须知道移动终端位于什么方向。
以此为背景,本发明提出了一种方法,从天线阵列给移动终端的位置确定一个方向,此方法包括:
从阵列中的每个天线存储一个符号序列,该存储的序列中包含已知训练序列;
反复地空间处理存储的符号序列,为的是产生这样的效果,此阵列在其极坐标图上的一个主波瓣朝着多个相继不同的方向;
通过计算合并信号(combined signal)与已知训练序列之间每个方向上的互相关度量标准(metric),计算出一组互相关度量标准;
计算每个方向上互相关度量标准与该方向上合并信号功率之比率,产生一组方向度量标准;
以及利用这组方向度量标准确定哪个方向是最可能的方向,把此方向赋予移动终端。
取互相关度量标准与接收到的信号功率之比率,利用不同的训练序列抑制产生强信号的干扰者。
通过计算合并信号与设定电平之间差距的平均值,可以方便地确定合并信号的功率。
为了找到接收的信号中的训练序列,互相关度量标准的计算最好是,从合并信号中不同的位置出发,计算各个中间互相关度量标准,选取每个方向上最佳的中间互相关度量标准。
为了考虑到来自多个相继帧可能有不同的结果,最好是,对接收的信号中一组相继帧计算一组方向度量标准,把每个方向上的多个度量标准相加。
最好是,根据每一组中相加的方向度量标准的最佳者作出确定方向的中间判定,取预定数目的相继中间判定中确定的方向平均值,作出确定方向的周期判定。
为了避免杂乱结果产生的失真,平均最好限于在处在预定范围内的中间判定中确定的那些方向。
此外,为了避免杂乱的结果,周期判定中确定的相继方向之间的变化最好局限于一个预定值。
现在,参照附图描述本发明的一个实施例,这两个附图是:
图1是基站天线阵列和空间处理器的示意图;
图2表示一组相继帧的几组互相关度量标准axy
参照这两个附图,阵列中有M个天线2在一个极化方向,有M个天线在正交的极化方向。在每个极化方向上,M个天线中的每个天线连接到各自的接收器4。阵列接收的信号是高斯最小频移键控(GMSK)调制信号。接收到的信号在接收器4中被消旋(de-rotated),以去除GMSK信号中的差分相位编码。从每个接收器输出的消旋信号馈入到模数转换器中,在此转换器中该信号被抽样和量化,量化的样本转换成编码数字信号。
数字化消旋信号存储在存储器8中,可以按顺序从中读出这些信号。
对第i组的8个相继帧执行迭代过程,把方向Di赋予移动终端。
在每次迭代过程中,反复地空间处理存储的数字化消旋信号,产生的效果是,此阵列在其极坐标图上的一个主波瓣朝着多个不同的相继方向。
通过对每个天线接收的信号加权并对加权信号求和,可以完成空间处理。空间处理器可以是物理的,或是由一个或多个数据处理器模拟的。在任一情况下,这个处理的执行快于实时的处理,所以,在一帧中可以处理所有不同的方向。
不管空间处理器是物理的或是虚拟的,每个分支10中信号被各自的复数权重12加权。加权信号的分支信号在加法器16中相加。这些权重有相同的幅度而有不同的相位,从-60°至+60°扫描主波瓣120°。
在由移动终端18传送的每帧信号中,有一个包含26个符号的训练序列的中间部分(mid-amble)。有多个不同的训练序列,移动终端接受基站的指令以发送哪一个序列。移动终端不重复使用训练序列,以免可能与终端18产生干扰,所以可区分开这些终端。
在一个实例中,有四个天线在一个极化方向,有四个天线在正交的极化方向。在每个方向和每个极化方向分开的方向上,对来自加法器16的相加的信号输出与已知训练序列实行互相关,得出一个中间互相关度量标准。对一组5个符号反复地完成11次互相关,在相继迭代过程之间从存储器中读出一组5个信号,相对于这组信号滑动已知训练序列一个符号。选取最高值中间互相关度量标准,并对每个方向计算一个方向度量标准a,
Figure A9910470800061
其中p(1至2)代表极化方向,y(1至25)代表方向,x(1至8)代表该帧的一组度量标准。
通过对接收的信号与零设定电平之间的差距求和,可以方便地计算出接收的信号功率。
对第i组的8个相继帧计算方向度量标准。图2表示一组相继帧的度量标准。每个方向上的各度量标准是对此组中8帧求和。
每个方向上的各方向度量标准被相加, A y = Σ p = 1 x = 1 p = 2 x = 8 a pxy 选取具有最大相加的方向度量标准Ay值的方向Di给第i组。此过程重复13次,i=1至13,以覆盖全部104帧。计算平均值 D av = Σ i = 1 i = 13 D i / 13 , 把此平均方向Dav赋予此移动终端。
在计算平均值Dav时,可以丢弃明显的杂乱值Di。因此,可以计算出中间平均值,例如,可以丢弃与平均值之间差距超过预定值的方向Di,再从余下的Di值中重新计算平均值。
由于移动终端能够到处移动,所以,每104帧再重新计算方向。为了进一步避免杂乱的结果,从一个确定方向到下一个方向之间的变化可以限制在某个最大值内。
已经赋予了移动终端某个方向,就可以操纵天线阵列,使其下行线路信号在极坐标图上的主波瓣朝着移动终端的方向,因此减少了其他方向的可能干扰。

Claims (8)

1.一种从天线阵列给移动终端的位置确定一个方向的方法,包括:
从阵列的每个天线存储一个符号序列,该存储的序列包含已知训练序列;
反复地空间处理存储的符号序列,为的是产生这样的效果,此阵列在其极坐标图上的一个主波瓣朝着多个相继不同的方向;
通过计算合并信号与已知训练序列之间每个方向上的互相关度量标准,计算出一组互相关度量标准;
计算每个方向上互相关度量标准与该方向上合并信号功率之比率,产生一组方向度量标准;
以及利用这些方向度量标准确定哪个方向是最可能的方向,给移动终端确定一个方向。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其中合并信号的功率是通过计算合并信号与设定电平之间差距的平均值确定的。
3.按照权利要求1或2的方法,其中通过从合并信号中不同位置出发计算中间互相关度量标准,计算出互相关度量标准;并且为每个方向选择最佳的中间互相关度量标准。
4.按照以上权利要求中任一项的方法,其中对接收的信号中一组相继帧计算出一组方向度量标准,并且把每个方向上的各度量标准相加。
5.按照权利要求4的方法,其中按照每组相继帧的最佳相加的方向度量标准作出方向的中间判定,取预定数目相继中间判定中确定的方向平均值,作出方向的周期判定。
6.按照权利要求5的方法,其中平均被限于在预定范围内的中间判定确定的方向。
7.按照权利要求5或6的方法,其中周期判定内确定的相继方向之间的变化被限于一个预定值。
8.按照以上权利要求任一项的方法,其中天线阵列包括沿两个不同极化方向取向的天线。
CN99104708A 1998-04-03 1999-04-01 蜂窝式移动通信网中的方向确定 Pending CN1238464A (zh)

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EP98302657A EP0953850B1 (en) 1998-04-03 1998-04-03 Direction determination in cellular mobile communications network
EP98302657.6 1998-04-03

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CA2265103C (en) 2003-04-15
JP2000031896A (ja) 2000-01-28
CA2265103A1 (en) 1999-10-03
US6246366B1 (en) 2001-06-12
KR100350009B1 (ko) 2002-08-22
EP0953850A1 (en) 1999-11-03
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AU2355099A (en) 1999-10-14
AU718014B2 (en) 2000-04-06

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