CN1238076A - Transmitter unit and base station - Google Patents

Transmitter unit and base station Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1238076A
CN1238076A CN 97199760 CN97199760A CN1238076A CN 1238076 A CN1238076 A CN 1238076A CN 97199760 CN97199760 CN 97199760 CN 97199760 A CN97199760 A CN 97199760A CN 1238076 A CN1238076 A CN 1238076A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
amplifier
ant
base station
antenna oscillator
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN 97199760
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
莱默·阿霍索拉
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Nokia Oyj
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Nokia Telecommunications Oy
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Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Telecommunications Oy filed Critical Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Publication of CN1238076A publication Critical patent/CN1238076A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transmitter unit for transmitting radio frequency signals, the transmitter unit comprising: an input for receiving signals to be transmitted, signal processing means for transferring signals to be transmitted on a predetermined frequency level, and amplifier means (2) for amplifying and feeding signals to be transmitted to antenna means of the transmitter unit. For minimizing power losses, the antenna means comprise an antenna element (ANT) attached with an attachment means (3) to an amplifier (2) in the antenna means for forwarding radio signals fed by the amplifier.

Description

Transmitter unit and base station
The present invention relates to be used for the transmitter unit (transmitter unit) of emitting radio frequency signal, this transmitter unit comprises: the input that is used for receiving armed signal, be used for the signal processing apparatus that has armed all signal transformation to the predetermined channel, and be used for there being armed signal to amplify and be fed to the amplifier installation of the antenna assembly (antenna means) of this transmitter unit.The invention still further relates to the radio system base station, this radio system base station is made up of transmitter installation and the antenna assembly to the receiver unit transmitted radio signal in the overlay area of this base station.
Although the present invention can also be applicable to other purposes, it mainly is relevant with the base station of cellular radio system.Hereinafter, with reference to the base station of cellular radio system the present invention is described.
In the base station of known cellular radio system, the base station normally is in and the place of its employed antenna at a distance of a segment distance, for example, normally is positioned at the underfooting of mast (antennamast).In this known base station, the output stage (final amplifier) that has armed all signals to be amplified to a certain required power level is installed in the transmitter of this base station.Then, all signals of being presented by all transmitters are provided to antenna traces, in this antenna traces, these signals arrive the antenna of being made up of some antenna oscillators (antenna element) in the mast through synthesizer, circulator unit (circulator element) and antenna cable.In some cases, same signal is fed to the several antenna oscillators in the mast simultaneously.
A major issue relevant with above-mentioned known base station is the loss that occurs on the antenna traces.Suppose that mast is made up of 4 antenna oscillators, same signal is launched simultaneously by these 4 antenna oscillators, and needs above-mentioned each antenna oscillator to have the power of 0.75W, like this, just needs the power of 3W in this mast.In order to realize this point, need to provide to antenna cable the power of 6W generally speaking from the base station.In order to obtain the power output of 6W from the base station, before synthesizer, need the power output of 12W at least usually, but in fact, because the loss that optical fiber and cable brought, usually even need higher power, for example 15W.In order to obtain the power output of 15W from the transmitter of this base station, the power of the output stage of this transmitter must be quite high, for example 30W.Like this, for each antenna oscillator from above-mentioned known base station obtains the power of 0.75W, in this base station, generally just need the amplifier about 30W.
Except causing sizable energy dissipation, above-mentioned loss also can bring heat dissipation problem.In general, power loss can cause the base station intensification, therefore, just must pay attention to the heat dissipation problem of each parts of base station in the design phase.
The objective of the invention is to address the above problem, and propose a kind of method that makes minimum power losses.The transmitter that is proposed by a kind of the present invention achieves this end, it is characterized in that: this transmitter unit comprises branch unit (branching means), be used for there being armed signal to be fed to several same amplifiers, each amplifier comprises and being used for there being armed signal to amplify and be fed to the device of amplifier dedicated antenna oscillator (amplifier-specific antennaelement), and it is characterized in that: at least one amplifier comprises an independently antenna oscillator that is attached thereto by jockey (attachment means), is used for sending forward the radio signal of being presented by corresponding amplifier.
The invention still further relates to a kind of base station, in this base station, the transmitter that can adopt the present invention to propose.Base station of the present invention is characterised in that: this base station comprises branch unit, be used for all signal branch of presenting by a transmitter unit of this base station at least two amplifiers, each such amplifier comprises amplifier dedicated antenna oscillator, be used for amplifying and sending forward by the signal that above-mentioned all antenna oscillators are launched simultaneously, and it is characterized in that: utilize jockey that one of above-mentioned at least amplifier dedicated antenna oscillator is connected to and be used for sending forward the amplifier of the signal of presenting by this amplifier remaining.
The present invention is based on following thought: when armed signal is branched at least two amplifiers with following structure, described transmitter unit can adopt the simpler and common cost amplifier lower, that have lower-wattage of structure: these amplifiers comprise amplifier dedicated antenna oscillator, are used for by at least two different antenna oscillators simultaneously having armed signal to amplify and sending forward.Above-mentioned known base station needs the amplifier about a 30W, is used for providing to 4 antenna oscillators the power of 0.75W, and the solution of the present invention makes us can utilize 4 amplifiers about 2W to reach same transmitting power (4 amplifier-antenna oscillators).Therefore, power gain is that significantly in addition, the thermal power that is produced will be distributed on several parts, will not be problem thereby enough heat radiations are provided.In addition, if an independent antenna oscillator (for example folded dipole) directly is fastened on the amplifier of transmitter, preferably directly be fastened on the final stage output stage, and allow this output stage directly to the antenna oscillator feed signal, and do not use independent transmission cable, so, compare, do the obvious efficient that improved like this with known solutions.Like this, just having avoided the loss that occurs usually in the conventional solution, in conventional solution, is to transmit the signal with transmitting power by cable.The result that loss reduces is, needs very high gain before amplifier no longer resembles, but it can also be with lower power level feed signal, thereby makes the requirement reduction to cooling.Therefore, the great advantage of the solution that proposes of the present invention is the efficient height, has reduced requirement to heat radiation, might use simpler, more cheap amplifier and saved the space, has alleviated weight.
When adopting transmitter of the present invention, for example in the base station of a cellular radio system, can handle and the corresponding receiver unit of transmitter unit with known by everybody mode, promptly this base station can comprise an independent reception antenna, the signal of this reception antenna adds to a branch units by antenna cable, by this branch units, they are branched to each receiver unit of this base station.In other words, also can be used at corresponding amplifier-antenna oscillator that transmitting terminal adopted at receiving terminal.
In the most preferred embodiment of transmitter of the present invention, be connected the thermal component that antenna oscillator on the amplifier has served as transmitter unit, jockey is made of heat conducting material, and this antenna oscillator is designed to conduct heat towards periphery from amplifier.Therefore, do not need amplifier to be connected with independent fin or suchlike heat abstractor, on the contrary, these fin not only can play the effect of signal conductor but also can play the effect of the jockey of antenna oscillator, thereby the heat that amplifier is produced conducts towards periphery by antenna oscillator.
In another most preferred embodiment of base station of the present invention, the antenna assembly of base station comprises all antenna oscillators of being made up of the conduction surface of circuit board surface, amplifier in the base station machine directly is assemblied on the foregoing circuit plate that links to each other with corresponding antenna oscillator, and is connected on the above-mentioned corresponding antenna oscillator by jockey.This embodiment of the present invention has proposed a kind of very compact antenna oscillator, and a large portion of several transmitter and receivers of base station can be installed on the same circuit board.
In subsidiary independently claim 2 to 4 and 6 to 11, disclosed the most preferred embodiment of transmitter of the present invention and base station.
To with reference to accompanying drawing, by way of example, the present invention be described in further detail by some most preferred embodiments below, among these figure:
First most preferred embodiment of Fig. 1 graphic representation transmitter of the present invention;
Fig. 2 represents the block diagram of the most preferred embodiment of base station of the present invention, and
Second most preferred embodiment of Fig. 3 graphic representation transmitter of the present invention.
First most preferred embodiment of Fig. 1 graphic representation transmitter of the present invention.Fig. 1 only represents the final stage output stage 2 and the transmitter antenna ANT of this transmitter.Jockey 3 is connected to antenna oscillator ANT on the amplifier 2 of transmitter, and antenna oscillator ANT and amplifier 2 have constituted an integrated amplifier-antenna oscillator 1.
Jockey 3 has constituted the fin of amplifier 2, and these fin have also played the effect of antenna conductor.So jockey is to be made of good heat conduction (and conduction) material.Like this, can be from the heat of amplifier 2 by jockey to antenna oscillator ANT conduction, antenna oscillator ANT also is the main thermal component of amplifier.Therefore, antenna oscillator is designed to the heat that amplifier sends is conducted towards periphery.This means that mainly the surface area of antenna oscillator is enough to keep the proportionate relationship of the heat that produced with the amplifier 2 that using.
Because under situation shown in Figure 1, antenna oscillator ANT directly is fastened on the amplifier 2, so this transmitter does not need the antenna cable of a special use, the signal with transmitting power is forwarded antenna ANT from amplifier 2.Like this, just avoided the loss that brings by antenna cable usually.
Amplifier 2 is the good amplifier of the linearity preferably, does not need filter to be attached thereto, and its output signal can directly feed into antenna oscillator.But if the characteristic of this amplifier needs a filter and it use that links together, so above-mentioned filter preferably can integrate (representing among Fig. 1) with this antenna oscillator or amplifier.
Fig. 2 represents the block diagram of the most preferred embodiment of base station of the present invention.Base station among Fig. 2 can be the base station of GSM cellular radio system (Groupe Special Mobile) for example.Although base station shown in Figure 2 can certainly comprise other emittor/receiver, the emittor/receiver group that Fig. 2 has only provided this base station is right.
Base station among Fig. 2 comprises 4 amplifier-antenna oscillators 1 that are used to launch identical radio signal as shown in Figure 1.Among Fig. 2, there are armed all signals to be fed to the input 6 of transmitter,, utilize frequency mixer 4 and local oscillator in the square frame 11 that they are transformed on a certain predetermined channel here.Next, there is armed radiofrequency signal to amplify by 7 of preamplifiers, and is fed to branch units 8.
Branch units 8 has these armed signal allocation to give 4 transmitting branches, and every transmitting branch comprises a Phase Processing unit 9.Phase Processing unit 9 provides all phase difference between signals that remain by the different branch emission, and we can adjust the antenna diagram (antenna pattern) of transmitter according to required mode this phase place official post.In other words, by adjusting all Phase Processing unit, can adjust the maximal point and the minimal point of the field that this transmitter produces according to required mode.
The armed radiofrequency signal that has of 9 outputs is fed to amplifier-antenna oscillator 1 from the Phase Processing unit,, at first they is amplified to required power level here, and then sends forward.Antenna oscillator 1 among Fig. 2 can have mutually different gain, helps the antenna diagram that provides required.By there being armed all signals they to be amplified to the power demand level before being about to be fed to antenna oscillator, will make us obtain comparing before the branch units 8 with final amplifier being placed on for example, the transmitter that efficient has obviously improved.Loss reduces also makes transmitter can use the lower amplifier of gain, and makes heat that transmitter produces than lacking in the past.
Base station among Fig. 2 also comprises 4 antenna-receiver units 13 that are used for receiving radio signals.Above-mentioned antenna-receiver unit 13 is all corresponding with the solution represented among Fig. 1 in all fields, but difference is aspect reception, before the signal from antenna 18 was fed to Phase Processing unit 14, amplifier 19 must be used to these signals are amplified.
Phase Processing unit 14 makes us that the way of phase deviation can be provided by all signals that receive for different receiving branchs, adjusts the phase place of receiver radiation lobe.Utilize the signal of 15 pairs of Phase Processing unit, synthesizer unit, 14 outputs to sue for peace, afterwards, the signal after the summation is transmitted to signal processing apparatus, and with regard to Fig. 2, this signal processing apparatus comprises frequency mixer 16 and oscillator 17.
Second most preferred embodiment of Fig. 3 graphic representation transmitter of the present invention.With regard to Fig. 3, the antenna assembly of transmitter comprises antenna oscillator ANT ', for example is made of conductive film and is installed in circuit board 12 to wait printed, folded dipole on this type of material surface.Fig. 3 has provided 6 such antenna oscillator ANT '.On the surface of the circuit board 12 that links to each other with each antenna oscillator ANT ', assembled last output stage, promptly with the corresponding amplifier 2 ' of that antenna oscillator.Therefore, the jockey that all antenna oscillators and all amplifiers are linked together is made of connector or some connector, by these connectors all amplifiers is connected on the circuit board.
The parts of assembling are connected to square frame 10 (comparing with Fig. 2) on the circuit board 12 in Fig. 3, and for example, square frame 10 comprises branch units, preamplifier, Phase Processing unit 9 etc.If desired, the parts of square frame 10 can also be mounted on the circuit board 12.All if desired filters link to each other with all amplifiers 2 ', and so all filters can correspondingly be assembled on the circuit board, link to each other with each amplifier and/or antenna oscillator.So, most of parts of transmitter unit have been installed on the same substrate.The surface area of antenna oscillator ANT ' perhaps even say that the surface area of entire circuit plate 12 can play the effect of heat radiation, thereby can guarantee the normal heat radiation of transmitter by the surface area that increases circuit board or all antenna oscillators.
Solution among Fig. 3 has proposed the base station that a kind of structure is very compact, be suitable for indoor installation.The antenna assembly of this base station can comprise for example plate, and this piece plate can hang on the wall, and the major part of all parts of transmitter can be installed on this piece plate, and if necessary, it can be flexible and changeable.Certainly, also might be installed in receiver unit on the same block of plate.Therefore, several parts are not installed in the housing of real base station, have so just been proposed the less scheme of space hold.Another advantage of the antenna array curtain of this diffusing face width (antenna curtain) is that even in the place of very close antenna, field intensity also remains on reduced levels, thereby it is very suitable for indoor use.
Obviously, only be intended to come graphic representation the present invention by above description and relevant drawings.For a person skilled in the art, under the condition of the scope and spirit of the present invention that disclosed in not deviating from subsidiary claims, various modifications and changes will be conspicuous.

Claims (11)

1. one kind is used for the transmitter of emitting radio frequency signal, and this transmitter unit comprises:
Be used for receiving the input (6) of armed signal;
Signal processing apparatus (4,5) is used for armed signal transformation being arranged to a certain predetermined channel; And
Amplifier installation (2,2 ', 7) is used for to having armed signal to amplify and it being fed to the antenna assembly of transmitter unit, and this transmitter unit is characterised in that:
This transmitter unit comprises and being used for there being armed signal to be fed to several same amplifiers (2,2 ') branch unit (8), each amplifier comprises and being used for to having armed signal to amplify and it is fed to the device of amplifier dedicated antenna oscillator (ANT, ANT '), and
At least one amplifier (2,2 ') comprise one independently, by the antenna oscillator (ANT, ANT ') that jockey is attached thereto, be used for all radio signals of being presented by corresponding amplifier are sent forward.
2. the transmitter unit described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: this transmitter unit comprises Phase Processing device (9), be used for handling the signal that is fed to above-mentioned several amplifier (2,2 '), purpose provides the phase deviation between the signal that is fed to different amplifiers.
3. any one described transmitter unit in the claim 1 to 2, it is characterized in that: filter apparatus and amplifier installation (2,2 ') and/or antenna oscillator integrate, and are used at antenna oscillator (ANT, ANT ') all signals are sent forward before, these signals are carried out filtering.
4. any one described transmitter unit in the claim of front, it is characterized in that: transmitter unit has a thermal component, this thermal component is by the antenna oscillator (ANT of above-mentioned at least one amplifier, ANT ') forms, this antenna oscillator is connected on the amplifier by the jockey of being made up of heat conducting material (3), and this antenna oscillator is designed to conduct heat towards periphery from amplifier.
5. radio system base station, it comprises transmitter installation from all radio signals to the receiver unit that is positioned at this base station coverage area and the antenna assembly (ANT, ANT ') of launching, it is characterized in that:
This base station comprises branch unit (8), be used for all signal branch of presenting by a transmitter unit of this base station at least two amplifiers (2,2 '), each such amplifier comprises amplifier (2,2 ') dedicated antenna oscillator (ANT, ANT '), be used for amplifying and transmission forward by all signals that above-mentioned antenna oscillator is launched simultaneously, and it is characterized in that remaining:
With jockey (3) one of above-mentioned at least amplifier dedicated antenna oscillator (ANT, ANT ') is connected on the amplifier (2,2 ') that is used for all signals of being presented by amplifier are sent forward.
6. the base station described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that: filter apparatus with above-mentioned at least one antenna oscillator (ANT, ANT ') and/or amplifier (2,2 ') integrate, be used at antenna oscillator (ANT, ANT ') these signals are sent forward before, they are carried out filtering.
7. the base station described in the claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that: this base station comprises Phase Processing device (9), be used for handling to different amplifier (2 by branch unit (8), 2 ') all signals of presenting, purpose provides by the phase deviation between all signals of different antenna oscillator (ANT, ANT ') emission.
8. any one described base station in the claim 5 to 7, it is characterized in that: the antenna assembly of this base station comprises the antenna oscillator be made up of the lip-deep conduction surface of circuit board (12) (ANT '), all amplifiers (2 ') in the transmitter installation of base station have been assembled on the foregoing circuit plate (12) that is connected with the antenna oscillator (ANT) of corresponding all amplifiers, utilize jockey that all amplifiers are connected with the corresponding antenna oscillator of amplifier with above-mentioned.
9. the described base station of any one in the claim 5 to 8 comprises a receiver unit that is used for received RF signal, and this receiver unit comprises:
Antenna assembly (13) is used for receiving radio signals;
Amplifier installation (13) is used for amplifying and sends forward all signals that received by antenna assembly, and
Signal processing apparatus (16-17), be used for handling in a predetermined manner the signal after the amplification, it is characterized in that: antenna assembly comprises antenna oscillator (18), by jockey this antenna oscillator is connected on the amplifier (19) in the amplifier installation, this amplifier is used to all signals that an antenna oscillator (18) receives and amplifies and send to signal processing apparatus (16-17) forward.
10. the base station described in the claim 9, it is characterized in that: this amplifier installation comprises several same amplifiers (19), amplifier dedicated antenna oscillator (18) is fastened onto on each amplifier, be used for all signal amplifications that received by each antenna oscillator are also sent to signal processing apparatus (16-17) forward, and this base station comprises summing unit (summing means) (15), is used for all signals that different amplifier (19) is presented are made up and send to forward signal processing apparatus (16-17).
11. the base station described in the claim 10 is characterized in that: this base station comprises Phase Processing device (14), is used for feeding those to summing unit (15) before, and the phase deviation between all signals that receive from different amplifiers is provided.
CN 97199760 1996-11-14 1997-11-13 Transmitter unit and base station Pending CN1238076A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI964569A FI964569A (en) 1996-11-14 1996-11-14 Transmitter unit and base station
FI964569 1996-11-14

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CN1238076A true CN1238076A (en) 1999-12-08

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EP (1) EP0956652A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001503944A (en)
CN (1) CN1238076A (en)
AU (1) AU726323B2 (en)
FI (1) FI964569A (en)
NO (1) NO992299D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1998021833A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5864898B2 (en) * 2010-09-03 2016-02-17 株式会社日立国際電気 Power amplifier

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2130801B (en) * 1982-11-22 1986-03-05 Marconi Co Ltd Radar transmitters
AU633270B2 (en) * 1988-09-13 1993-01-28 Nec Corporation Array antenna device having ic units with if conversion circuits for coupling antenna elements and signal combiner
US5678219A (en) * 1991-03-29 1997-10-14 E-Systems, Inc. Integrated electronic warfare antenna receiver
JP3420781B2 (en) * 1992-09-29 2003-06-30 株式会社ロケットシステム Solar power transmission equipment
DE69215372T2 (en) * 1992-10-19 1997-03-13 Northern Telecom Ltd Antenna device for base station
US5283587A (en) * 1992-11-30 1994-02-01 Space Systems/Loral Active transmit phased array antenna
JPH0746023A (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-14 Nippon Dengiyou Kosaku Kk Array antenna device
JPH07106839A (en) * 1993-10-04 1995-04-21 Toshiba Corp Array antenna system
JPH08195696A (en) * 1995-01-17 1996-07-30 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Transceiver
EP0727839A1 (en) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-21 SPACE ENGINEERING S.p.A. Multishaped beam direct radiating array antenna

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NO992299L (en) 1999-05-12
NO992299D0 (en) 1999-05-12
AU726323B2 (en) 2000-11-02
AU5053198A (en) 1998-06-03
FI964569A (en) 1998-05-15
WO1998021833A1 (en) 1998-05-22
FI964569A0 (en) 1996-11-14
EP0956652A1 (en) 1999-11-17
JP2001503944A (en) 2001-03-21

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