CN1238026A

CN1238026A - Internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CN1238026A
Application number: CN97199734A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 米歇尔·德克洛
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1996-11-14
Filing date: 1997-11-13
Publication date: 1999-12-08
Also published as: DE69724139D1; FR2755728B1; WO1998021458A1; EP0938627B1; ATE247224T1; FR2755728A1; DE69724139T2; PL333406A1; AU732318B2; CZ170699A3; ES2205259T3; CA2271093A1; US6095110A; EP0938627A1; NZ335349A; AU5124898A; CA2271093C

Abstract

The invention concerns an internal combustion engine comprising at least first (5) and second (6) crankshafts connected to an output shaft (8) of said engine by means of first and second rotating connections respectively, the first rotating connection being reversible and comprising a first (11) sliding wheel completely connected in rotation with the first crankshaft by means of a first connection by obstacle (13) for transmitting a motive force derived from the first crankshaft towards the output shaft and capable of breaking, in the event of a failure immobilising the first crankshaft, under a force not greater than the force required for immobilising the first crankshaft, the second rotating connection being reversible and comprising a second (25) sliding wheel completely connected in rotation with the second crankshaft by means of a second connection by obstacle for transmitting a motive force derived from the second crankshaft towards the output shaft and capable of breaking, in the event of a failure immobilising the second crankshaft, under a force not greater than the force required for immobilising the second crankshaft.

Description

Internal-combustion engine

The present invention relates to a kind of internal-combustion engine, it comprise at least one by means of first be rotationally connected first bent axle that is connected with internal combustion engine output shaft, by means of second second bent axle that is rotationally connected and is connected with internal combustion engine output shaft, more specifically say to relate to the internal-combustion engine that is used for assembling motor-driven ultra light aircraft (U.L.M.), gyroplane, amateurish light airplane, Hovercraft, hydroskimmer, unmanned target or similar facilities.

Under the situation of duty of engine generation obstacle, in any case the matter of utmost importance that this class is used be to guarantee the driver and finally be passenger's safety, make them may arrive halt with maximum safety.Another problem is will avoid because the device damage that the contingency that engine failure directly or indirectly causes causes.Therefore, the motorization that this class is used should be very reliable and firm, but also should keep light, power greatly and practical characteristics.

The objective of the invention is provides a kind of solution to above-mentioned problem, and other advantage is provided.More precisely, the present invention includes a kind of internal-combustion engine, it comprises at least one first bent axle that is rotationally connected and links to each other with the output shaft of described motor by means of first, by means of second second bent axle that is rotationally connected and links to each other with the output shaft of motor, it is characterized in that, described first to be rotationally connected be switchable, and comprise that one connects by means of first obstacle and first driving wheel that described first bent axle is connected fully rotationally, this connection can be with the transmission of power of the motor that spread out of by first bent axle to described output shaft, and when causing described first bent axle motionless when breaking down, this connection can be below power or be equivalent to the effect that makes described first bent axle stop necessary power and disconnect down, its feature also is, described second to be rotationally connected be switchable, and comprise that one connects by means of second obstacle and second driving wheel that described second bent axle is connected fully rotationally, this second obstacle connect can with by the transmission of power of the motor of described second bent axle output to described output shaft, and when causing described second bent axle motionless when breaking down, the power that this connection can be below or be equivalent to the effect that makes described second bent axle stop necessary power and disconnect down.

Although at least one bent axle is motionless, still can be according to motor of the present invention by means of the in check disconnection that is connected that connects output shaft and motionless bent axle, perhaps stopping after certain fault (such as the braking of piston) still can be moved.Equipping in the motor of U.L.M or similar devices such as being used for according to of the present invention, although bent axle is motionless, under the engine moment effect that is provided by still active engine crankshaft, the output shaft that is fixed on the propeller cavitation can be rotated further.Therefore, U.L.M. or similarly equipment will arrive a landing point safely, rather than as the volplane that is not sure that can only take in the case of U.L.M. in the past, perhaps for example gyroplane landing in the case.It is also noted that, preferably can comprise more than two bent axles according to motor of the present invention.

According to a favourable feature, motor of the present invention comprises at least that a three-crankshaft, one the 3rd are rotationally connected, the 3rd driving wheel, the 3rd obstacle connect.

This feature relates to the motor with three-crankshaft, and each all connects by means of the obstacle that can disconnect and links to each other with output shaft.Under the situation that whichsoever bent axle stops, motor continues action on two other bent axle, and the bent axle that stops is because disconnection that relevant obstacle connects and output shaft disengagement.

After the embodiment of the motor of the present invention below having read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will be better understood the present invention, and other feature and advantage of the present invention are also with self-evident, and the embodiment who provides is used for illustrating the present invention, can not make any restrictive explanation thus.

Fig. 1 shows the front elevation of cutting open according to the embodiment's of motor of the present invention part.

Fig. 2 shows along the cut-away section view of I-I line of Fig. 1.

The enlarged detailed of Fig. 3 displayed map 2 more specifically is the figure that connects about obstacle.

The same element that separates of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 displayed map 2, Fig. 4 is a shaft side figure, Fig. 5 is a rear view.

The same resolution element of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 displayed map 1, Fig. 6 is a shaft side figure, Fig. 7 is a side view.

The motor of representing among Fig. 11 is one and is the two stroke IC engine that has three

cylinders

2,3,4 that star is placed (not shown), is particularly suitable for being contained on the machine of narrating the front.Each

cylinder

2,3,4 corresponds respectively to a

bent axle

5,6,7.The motor 1 that on Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, shows have by means of first be rotationally connected first bent axle 5 that is connected with the output shaft 8 of motor, by means of second be rotationally connected second bent axle 6 that links to each other with the output shaft 8 of motor, by means of the 3rd three-crankshaft 7 that is rotationally connected and links to each other with the output shaft 8 of motor.First bent axle 5, second bent axle 6 and three-crankshaft 7 are according to various means known, such as anchoring on the crankcase 9 by means of rotating at the bearing 10 that shows on Fig. 2.Should be noted that Fig. 2 is corresponding to the section along the cylinder 2 of line I-I of Fig. 1, but equally also can be corresponding to according to any one similar section in other two cylinders 3 and 4.In this embodiment, output shaft 8 is engine shafts of fetching engine power and offering the propeller cavitation (not shown).

First to be rotationally connected be switchable, comprise by the connection of first obstacle and rotating first driving wheel 11 that is connected fully with first bent axle 5, make and to be delivered to output shaft 8 by the engine power that first bent axle 5 comes out, and can break down when motionless power below or be equivalent to the effect that makes first bent axle 5 stop necessary power and disconnect down at first bent axle 5.Second to be rotationally connected be switchable, and comprise connecting and rotating second driving wheel 25 that is connected fully with second bent axle 6 by second obstacle, make and to be delivered to output shaft 8 by the engine power that second bent axle 6 comes out, and can break down when motionless power below or be equivalent to the effect that makes second bent axle 6 stop necessary power and disconnect down at second bent axle 6.The 3rd is rotationally connected is switchable, it comprises by the connection of the 3rd obstacle is rotating the 3rd driving wheel 26 that is connected fully with three-crankshaft 7, make and to be delivered to output shaft 8 by the engine power that three-crankshaft 7 comes out, and can break down when motionless power below or be equivalent to the effect that makes three-crankshaft 7 stop necessary power and disconnect down at three-crankshaft 7.

First, second is rotationally connected preferably as passing through being connected of gear mechanism as shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 3 with the 3rd.

In a preferred aspect, first driving wheel 11, second driving wheel 25 and the 3rd driving wheel 26 are meshed with 4 wheel driven driving wheel 12, this 4 wheel driven driving wheel 12 is connected in rotation with output shaft with the key 30 shown on Fig. 2 as Fig. 1 fully such as passing through in known manner.

We will notice, motor shown on Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can preferably be installed, wherein first driving wheel 11, second driving wheel 25, the 3rd driving

wheel

26 and 4 wheel driven driving wheel 12 are positioned at same plane basically or fully, respectively first bent axle 5, second bent axle 6 and the three-crankshafts 7 that rely on mutually with first driving wheel 11, second driving wheel 25 and the 3rd driving wheel 26 each other at a distance of an angle be placed on 4 wheel driven driving wheel 12 around, for example shown in Figure 1 under the situation of star three cylinder engine, this angle is 120 °.Like this, have very big vertical operation tightness according to motor of the present invention, simple and transmitting movement is reliable, can reduce the weight of overall sizes and motor, and increase reliability.

Should be noted that, in the narration of back, will only illustrate that first obstacle connects, second obstacle connects to be connected with the 3rd obstacle and preferably is connected similar with first obstacle.In addition, during three obstacles connect each all has the function that the engine power of pairing bent axle is delivered to output shaft, and cause owing to the piston of for example handling this bent axle is braked under the situation that this bent axle stops at this bent axle, being rotationally connected between this bent axle and output shaft can disconnect.In case of necessity can be by the same bent axle of a plurality of piston actuated.At this moment, such as piston deceleration the time, because the disengagement of the bent axle that stops to make motor still can rely on remaining two cylinder work, this just gives according to the very big operating security of motor of the present invention.

First obstacle connects and comprises at least one shear pin 13.This pin 13 can be sheared key (not shown) or similarly part replacement, its size and material should carry out careful preferred, because when one or several such pin has constituted unique obstacle of obstacle connection, the mode of selecting is, the section of shearing (among the embodiment in the drawings being two) is when normal engine operation, to be able to stand the engine power of the maximum of corresponding bent axle transmission, also should select like this, make when motor when working, power below or make under the power effect that corresponding bent axle stops, this one or several pin can be cut off.

As shown on Fig. 3, first obstacle connects and comprises one first shear pin 13 or similar part, preferably also comprises first a driving break 14 that is fit to the engine power that first bent axle 5 comes out is delivered to output shaft.The main purpose of first break 14 is to make the power of motor not be sheared the pin transmission, and guarantees that shear pin only just is used when bent axle is resisting the resistance of output shaft.Therefore, the size of this pin and material will be selected as follows, promptly when engine operation, power below or be equivalent to first bent axle 5 is stopped under the necessary power, it can be cut off, when the motor proper functioning, this pin should obviously can tolerate the drag of bent axle to the maximum of output shaft.Should be noted that on Fig. 3 the crankcase part does not show, this part of expression is not a sectional drawing.

First break 14 comprises also that preferably at least one is at the asymmetric tooth 15 that vertically meshes by means of recessed tooth 16 maintenances of shear pin, key 13 or like parts and complementation, shown on Fig. 3.

Asymmetric tooth 15 preferably include one can transmit first 17 of engine power and with first opposing second 18, it can make asymmetric tooth 15 avoid engagement with recessed tooth 16 when shear pin 13, key or like parts fracture.On the plane that this first 17 preferably is included in the rotatingshaft by corresponding bent axle, make the periphery of the power arrival face 17 of transmission, and second 18 of asymmetric tooth 15 preferably has as suitable inclination represented on Fig. 3, make that tooth 15 withdraws from when pin 13 fractures from groove 16, can not enter into the there again.

Should be noted that, drive the existence of break, by having introduced axial thrust load with second of tooth 15 relative tilts and being used for the additional friction power of pin 13 fractures, such as the material of determining pin 13 according to means known, computational methods and experimental technique and size the time, should consider this point.

As represented in Fig. 3, first drives break 14 preferably includes a plurality of teeth 15, with perpendicular first plane of first bent axle, 5 longitudinal axis on form the first crown body that launches.The tooth of this crown body preferably shape with above-mentioned is identical.These a plurality of teeth can be distributed to pressure first bent axle 5 and first driving wheel 11 equably on periphery, therefore can reduce the size that this drives break 14.The tooth of crown body can be manufactured on the wheel 11, and at this moment corresponding recessed tooth can be manufactured on the bent axle 5, also can be conversely.

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show that with the ratio identical with Fig. 3 separate single take turns 11 from be connected, clearly illustrate that asymmetric tooth 15 has 12 teeth.

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 to be to show single bent axle 5 with the identical ratio of Fig. 2, clearly illustrates that the crown body with the recessed tooth 16 of asymmetric tooth 15 complementations contains 12 grooves.We also will notice on this figure, on column part 20, be useful on the radial hole that holds pin 13 and be used to hold below the groove of the elastic ring 24 that will illustrate.

As shown at Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, first driving wheel 11 has a hole 19, can with stylolitic part 20 centerings of first bent axle, 5 end circular cross-sections, when pin 13 fracture, this is taken turns can rotate round this bent axle.The method equally also relates to first, second or the 3rd is rotationally connected.

Motor 1 will be arranged by various known suitable means, connect under the situation about disconnecting to reduce the frictional force of driving wheel and the bent axle that links to each other at obstacle, such as driving wheel being taken turns this in the bearing (not shown) of doing final translation on the bent axle be installed on the bent axle, perhaps by means of using the axle collar or bearing 22 (not shown)s by means of one or more.The selection of the material of bearing is to make it can tolerate the pressure that produces owing to transmission power, and can reduce frictional force, such as selecting bronze material.

The top of bent axle stylolitic part will be equipped with the device of various necessity, so that connect under the situation about disconnecting and driving wheel can be remained on the bent axle at obstacle, such as the axle collar shown on Fig. 3 or spring ring 24.

As represented in Fig. 2, when this connection, be connected with a joggle and need when lubricated such as resembling metal gear, all driving wheels and driven take turns 12 preferably be enclosed in airtight and be added with in the crankcase 21 of lubricant oil, lubricated with what guarantee between bent axle and output shaft, to be rotationally connected.This lubricates preferably and can realize by splash lubrication or similar method.

If connect when driving wheel is necessary to rotate on bent axle under the situation about disconnecting at obstacle, preferably can use lubricating of being rotationally connected to be lubricated.Should be noted that crankcase 21 has been removed, is rotationally connected so that illustrate in Fig. 1.

Different with purposes according to motor as other selection scheme, being rotationally connected between bent axle and output shaft also can be by means of realizing such as chain or drivign belt.

Claims

1. internal-combustion engine, which comprises at least first bent axle (5) that is rotationally connected and links to each other by means of first with the output shaft (8) of described motor, by means of second second bent axle (6) that is rotationally connected and links to each other with the output shaft of motor, it is characterized in that, described first to be rotationally connected be switchable, and comprise that one connects first driving wheel (11) that (13) and described first bent axle are connected fully by means of first obstacle in rotation, this obstacle connects can be delivered to the engine power that first bent axle spreads out of described output shaft, and when causing described first bent axle motionless when breaking down, power below or be equivalent to makes described first bent axle stop can to disconnect under the effect of necessary power, its feature also is, described second to be rotationally connected be switchable, comprise that one connects by means of second obstacle and second driving wheel (25) that described second bent axle is connected fully in rotation, this second obstacle connect can with by the transmission of power of the motor of described second bent axle output to described output shaft, and when causing described second bent axle motionless when breaking down, power below or be equivalent to makes described second bent axle stop can to disconnect under the effect of necessary power.

2. according to the motor of claim 1, it is characterized in that it comprises, and at least one three-crankshaft (7), the 3rd is rotationally connected, the 3rd driving wheel (26) is connected with the 3rd obstacle.

3. according to the motor of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described at least first and second to be connected in the rotation be connection by gear engagement.

4. according to the motor one of among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that described at least first obstacle connects and comprises that first cuts off key, pin (13) or like parts, described second obstacle connects and comprises that second cuts off key, pin or like parts.

5. according to the motor of claim 4, it is characterized in that, at least the first obstacle connects and comprises that also the described engine power that spreads out of from first bent axle (5) can be delivered to first of described output shaft (8) drives break (14), and described second obstacle connects and comprises that also the described engine power that spreads out of from described second bent axle can be delivered to second of described output shaft drives break.

6. according to the motor of claim 5, it is characterized in that, described first drives break (14) and the second driving break comprises at least one asymmetric tooth (15) respectively, and this tooth (15) is cut off in the groove that key, pin (13) or like parts be engaged on the recessed tooth (16) that is complementary shape by means of described.

7. according to the motor of claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that, described asymmetric tooth (15) comprises first (17) can transmitting described engine power, with with first second opposing (18), make it possible to when cutting off key, pin (13) or like parts fracture, avoid described asymmetric tooth is engaged in the described groove of recessed tooth (16) described.

8. according to the motor of claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that, at least described first drives break (14) comprises a plurality of teeth (15), with perpendicular first plane of described first bent axle (5) longitudinal axis on form the first crown body, described second drives break comprises a plurality of teeth, with perpendicular second plane of the described second bent axle longitudinal axis on form the second crown body.

9. according to the motor of one of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that described at least first driving wheel (11) and second driving wheel (25) are meshed with 4 wheel driven driving wheel (12), this driving wheel (12) is connected in rotation fully with output shaft (8).

10. according to the motor of claim 9, it is characterized in that described at least first driving wheel (11) and second driving wheel (25) and described 4 wheel driven driving wheel (12) are located substantially on the same plane.