CN1234250C - Scanner RGB signal for color space conversion circuit - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明是有关于一种扫描仪的RGB信号处理电路,特别是有关于一种扫描仪的RGB信号做色彩空间转换的电路。The present invention relates to a RGB signal processing circuit of a scanner, in particular to a circuit for color space conversion of RGB signals of a scanner.
背景技术Background technique
一般的彩色扫描仪所使用的光传感器件是彩色电荷耦合器件(Charge Couple Device,CCD)或接触影像传感器(Contact ImageSensor,CIS),此彩色电荷耦合器件是由许多传感单元(Sensor Cell)所组成的,其可以感测出R、G、B(Red、Green、Blue)三原色的光强度,并将感测的结果分别送出R电荷信号、G电荷信号与B电荷信号。所得到的R电荷信号、G电荷信号与B电荷信号仍需要做信号处理,才能作为后级电路的输入信号。如图1绘示公知扫描仪的信号处理的部分电路图所示,R电荷信号、G电荷信号与B电荷信号分别送入取样放大位移装置(Sampling-Amplified-Offset Device)102、104、106,取样放大位移装置102、104、106分别对R电荷信号、G电荷信号与B电荷信号做取样、放大与准位补偿后,分别产生R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号。接着,多任务器108分别将R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号一一送至模拟数字转换器110,模拟数字转换器110再将接收到其模拟信号转换成数字信号,并将数字信号送至后级电路。The light sensing device used in a general color scanner is a color charge coupled device (Charge Couple Device, CCD) or a contact image sensor (Contact ImageSensor, CIS), which is composed of many sensing units (Sensor Cell) Composed, it can sense the light intensity of the three primary colors of R, G, and B (Red, Green, and Blue), and send the sensing results to the R charge signal, G charge signal, and B charge signal respectively. The obtained R charge signal, G charge signal, and B charge signal still need to be processed before they can be used as input signals of subsequent circuits. As shown in the partial circuit diagram of the signal processing of the known scanner shown in Fig. 1, the R charge signal, the G charge signal and the B charge signal are sent to the sampling amplification displacement device (Sampling-Amplified-Offset Device) 102, 104, 106 respectively, and the sampling The amplification and displacement devices 102 , 104 , and 106 respectively sample, amplify, and level-compensate the R charge signal, the G charge signal, and the B charge signal to generate R analog signals, G analog signals, and B analog signals. Next, the multiplexer 108 sends the R analog signal, the G analog signal, and the B analog signal to the analog-to-digital converter 110, and the analog-to-digital converter 110 converts the received analog signal into a digital signal, and converts the digital signal sent to the subsequent circuit.
当彩色扫描结果要以灰度扫描输出时,一般的做法是将R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号任选其中一个模拟信号,作为灰度的模拟信号输出,如图1所示,当多任务器108选择R模拟信号作为灰度的模拟信号输出至模拟数字转换器110时,则G模拟信号与B模拟信号不再经由多任务器108输出至模拟数字转换器110。When the color scanning result is to be scanned and output in grayscale, the general practice is to select one of the analog signals R, G, and B to output as a grayscale analog signal, as shown in Figure 1. When the multiplexer 108 selects the R analog signal as the grayscale analog signal to output to the ADC 110 , the G analog signal and the B analog signal are no longer output to the ADC 110 via the multiplexer 108 .
上述的做法是利用R模拟信号的亮度来决定灰度的程度,当某一点的像素(Pixel)的R模拟信号的亮度愈高时,则此点像素的颜色愈接近白色;反之,则此点像素的颜色愈接近黑色。但是,像素的R模拟信号的亮度偏低时,并不表示像素的G模拟信号与B模拟信号的亮度也偏低,若G模拟信号与B模拟信号的其中一个模拟信号的亮度很高时,则像素的颜色所显示的灰度程度是不正确的。The above method is to use the brightness of the R analog signal to determine the degree of grayscale. When the brightness of the R analog signal of a pixel (Pixel) at a certain point is higher, the color of the pixel at this point is closer to white; The color of the pixel is closer to black. However, when the brightness of the R analog signal of the pixel is low, it does not mean that the brightness of the G analog signal and the B analog signal of the pixel is also low. If the brightness of one of the analog signals G and B is high, Then the grayscale displayed by the color of the pixel is incorrect.
RGB色彩模型下的影像是由三个独立的影像所组成,每个原色对应一个平面。当这三个影像平面传给RGB显示器时,这三幅影像组合起来便成为一幅彩色影像。所以当影像本身本来就是用三个彩色平面所表示时,将RGB模型用于影像处理是有意义的。另一方面,用于获取数字影像的大多数彩色摄影机所使用的是RGB方式,所以是影像处理中一个重要的模型。The image under the RGB color model is composed of three independent images, and each primary color corresponds to a plane. When these three image planes are sent to the RGB display, the three images are combined to form a color image. So when the image itself is represented by three color planes, it makes sense to use the RGB model for image processing. On the other hand, most color cameras used to acquire digital images use the RGB method, so it is an important model in image processing.
另一个重要的彩色模型是y,u,v模型,采用yuv模型的好处是亮度y以及颜色相关的u、v可以单独分离开。再者,可以将RGB彩色模型转换为其它模型,例如理论三原色的刺激值X、Y、Z,Adams色度-亮度空间,以及CMY(Cyan Magenta Yellow)的色彩模型等。在此以RGB彩色模型转换为yuv彩色模型为例子来做以下的说明。Another important color model is the y, u, v model. The advantage of using the yuv model is that the brightness y and color-related u and v can be separated separately. Furthermore, the RGB color model can be converted to other models, such as the stimulus values X, Y, and Z of the theoretical three primary colors, the Adams chromaticity-brightness space, and the CMY (Cyan Magenta Yellow) color model, etc. Here, the conversion from the RGB color model to the yuv color model is taken as an example for the following description.
将RGB彩色模型应用于yuv彩色模型的转换,一般是将R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号分别转换为各个数字信号后,再由软件(如转换程序)将这些数字信号转换为yuv色彩空间的各个参数值。利用软件来做RGB彩色模型信号及yuv彩色模型的转换,其缺点是用软件来做转换所花费的时间太长。Applying the RGB color model to the conversion of the yuv color model generally converts the R analog signal, the G analog signal, and the B analog signal into digital signals, and then converts these digital signals into yuv colors by software (such as a conversion program) Each parameter value of the space. Using software to convert RGB color model signals and yuv color model signals has the disadvantage that it takes too long to convert using software.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种扫描仪的RGB信号做色彩空间转换的电路,在运用于灰度的扫描,可将各像素对于灰度的响应更精确地反映出来,在运用于RGB彩色模型信号对不同的彩色模型的转换,利用硬件来执行转换的工作,可缩短RGB彩色模型信号对不同的彩色模型转换所花费的时间。The present invention provides a color space conversion circuit for the RGB signal of a scanner, which can reflect the response of each pixel to the gray scale more accurately when applied to grayscale scanning, and when applied to RGB color model signals for different The conversion of the color model uses hardware to perform the conversion work, which can shorten the time spent on converting the RGB color model signal to different color models.
本发明提供一种扫描仪的RGB信号做色彩空间转换的电路,其电路包括三个取样放大位移装置,可分别对一R电荷信号、一G电荷信号与一B电荷信号做取样、放大与准位补偿,以得到一R模拟信号、一G模拟信号与一B模拟信号;一增益加法器,可将R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号分别乘上相对应的加权增益值,个别得到的结果再全部做加法运算,以得到一加法模拟信号;一多任务器,可将R模拟信号、G模拟信号、B模拟信号与加法模拟信号选择其一输出。其中,增益加法器包括三个增益放大器,可将R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号分别乘上相对应的加权增益值,以得到三个加权模拟信号;一加法器,可将这些加权模拟信号做加法运算,以得到加法模拟信号。这样可使扫描仪对灰度的响应精确反映出来,在于RGB彩色模型信号对不同的彩色模型的转换,利用硬件来执行转换的工作。The invention provides a circuit for color space conversion of RGB signals of a scanner, the circuit includes three sampling, amplification and displacement devices, which can respectively sample, amplify and align an R charge signal, a G charge signal and a B charge signal. Bit compensation to obtain an R analog signal, a G analog signal and a B analog signal; a gain adder, which can multiply the R analog signal, G analog signal and B analog signal by the corresponding weighted gain value to obtain All the results are added to obtain an additive analog signal; a multiplexer can select one of the R analog signal, G analog signal, B analog signal and the additive analog signal to output. Among them, the gain adder includes three gain amplifiers, which can multiply the R analog signal, G analog signal and B analog signal by corresponding weighted gain values to obtain three weighted analog signals; an adder can combine these weighted The analog signal is added to obtain the added analog signal. In this way, the scanner's response to the grayscale can be accurately reflected, which lies in the conversion of the RGB color model signal to different color models, and the use of hardware to perform the conversion work.
为让本发明的上述目的、特征、和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举较佳实施例,并配合附图,作详细说明如下:In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the preferred embodiments are specifically cited below, together with the accompanying drawings, and are described in detail as follows:
附图说明Description of drawings
图1绘示公知扫描仪的信号处理的部分电路图;FIG. 1 shows a partial circuit diagram of signal processing of a known scanner;
图2A、图2B绘示本发明的将RGB转换为灰度与yuv彩色模型的扫描仪信号处理部分的一较佳实施例的电路图;Fig. 2A, Fig. 2B depict the circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the signal processing part of the scanner which converts RGB into grayscale and yuv color models of the present invention;
图3A、图3B绘示本发明的将RGB转换为灰度与yuv彩色模型的扫描仪信号处理部分的另一较佳实施例的电路图。3A and 3B are circuit diagrams of another preferred embodiment of the signal processing part of the scanner for converting RGB into grayscale and yuv color models of the present invention.
附图标记说明:Explanation of reference signs:
102,104,106,202,204,206,232~234,302,304,306:取样放大位移装置(Sampling-Amplified-Offset Device)102, 104, 106, 202, 204, 206, 232~234, 302, 304, 306: Sampling-Amplified-Offset Device
108,216,316,364:多任务器(Mutliplexer)108, 216, 316, 364: Mutliplexer
110,218,318,366:模拟数字转换器(Analog Digital Converter)110, 218, 318, 366: Analog Digital Converter (Analog Digital Converter)
208,248,308:关联双重取样器(Correlated Double Sampler)208, 248, 308: Correlated Double Sampler
209~211,245,310:可程序增益放大器(Programmable GainAmplifier)209~211, 245, 310: Programmable Gain Amplifier (Programmable Gain Amplifier)
212,241,312:位移器(Offset Device)212, 241, 312: Shifter (Offset Device)
214,314,360~362:加法器(Adder)214, 314, 360~362: Adder (Adder)
320,322,324,351~359:增益放大器(Gain Amplifier)320, 322, 324, 351~359: Gain Amplifier
具体实施方式Detailed ways
请参照图2A,绘示本发明的将RGB转换为灰度与yuv彩色模型的扫描仪信号处理部分的一较佳实施例的电路图。在图2A中,由传感器(未绘示)所感测出的R电荷信号、G电荷信号与B电荷信号分别送至取样放大位移装置202、204、206,取样放大位移装置202、204、206可分别对R电荷信号、G电荷信号与B电荷信号做信号取样、放大与准位补偿,以得到R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号。Please refer to FIG. 2A , which shows a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the signal processing part of the scanner for converting RGB into grayscale and yuv color models of the present invention. In FIG. 2A, the R charge signal, G charge signal and B charge signal sensed by the sensor (not shown) are respectively sent to the sampling
接着,加法器214将R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号做加法运算,以得到一加法模拟信号。多任务器216可选择R模拟信号、G模拟信号、B模拟信号与加法模拟信号的其中一个模拟信号输出至模拟数字转换器218,模拟数字转换器218再将此模拟信号转换为数字信号。Next, the
在图2A中,取样放大位移装置202、204、206又同样包含数个装置,以取样放大位移装置202为例,包括一关联双重取样器208、一可程序增益放大器210与一位移器212。关联双重取样器208对R电荷信号做两次取样,将两次取样的结果再做减法运算,以得到一R亮度值。可程序增益放大器210可调整一增益值(此增益值调整的范围决定于存放增益值的位的长度),根据此增益值来放大关联双重取样器208所送出的R亮度值,以得到一R放大亮度值。位移器212将R放大亮度值做准位补偿的后,以得到R模拟信号。同样地,取样放大位移装置204、206的装置的描述如同取样放大位移装置202的装置的描述。In FIG. 2A , the sampling, amplification and
当扫描仪在做灰度扫描时,R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号经由可程序增益放大器209、210、211做不同的增益值调整,所得到的R加权模拟信号、G加权模拟信号与B加权模拟信号再由加法器214做加法运算,得到的加法模拟信号经由多任务器216送至模拟数字转换器218与后级电路,如此,模拟数字转换器218与后级电路根据经增益调整后的加法模拟信号的亮度值,能使扫描仪对灰度响应能更精确地反映出来。When the scanner is scanning in grayscale, the R analog signal, G analog signal and B analog signal are adjusted with different gain values through the
RGB彩色模型与yuv彩色模型的间的转换关系可以用如下的矩阵型态描述:The conversion relationship between the RGB color model and the yuv color model can be described by the following matrix type:
其中,y代表亮度(Luminance),u代表色调(Hue),v代表饱和度(Saturation)。若只取用yuv彩色模型中的亮度y来使用,在图2A所示的电路同样可完成其要求。根据上述的矩阵型态可以得知亮度y与RGB信号的关系如下:Among them, y represents the brightness (Luminance), u represents the hue (Hue), and v represents the saturation (Saturation). If only the brightness y in the yuv color model is used, the circuit shown in FIG. 2A can also fulfill its requirements. According to the above matrix type, it can be known that the relationship between brightness y and RGB signal is as follows:
y=0.299R+0.587G+0.114By=0.299R+0.587G+0.114B
因此,在图2A中的可程序增益放大器210可调整增益值为0.299,可程序增益放大器209可调整增益值为0.587,可程序增益放大器211可调整增益值为0.114。Therefore, the adjustable gain value of the
在图2A中,取样放大位移装置202、204、206中的可程序增益放大器与位移器(如可程序增益放大器210与位移器212)的前后位置是可以互换。如图2B所示,取样放大位移装置232中的关联双重取样器248对R电荷信号做两次取样,将两次取样的结果再做减法运算,以得到一R亮度值。位移器241将R亮度值做准位补偿后,以得到R补偿亮度值。可程序增益放大器245可调整一增益值,根据此增益值来放大由位移器241所送出的R补偿亮度值,以得到一R模拟信号。同样地,取样放大位移装置233、234的装置的描述如同取样放大位移装置232的装置的描述。在以下所提到的取样放大位移装置,其位移器与可程序增益放大器的前后位置皆可互换。In FIG. 2A , the front and back positions of the programmable gain amplifiers and shifters (such as the
请参照图3A,其绘示本发明的将RGB转换为灰度与yuv彩色模型的扫描仪信号处理部分的另一较佳实施例的电路图。在图3A中,由传感器(未绘示)所感测出的R电荷信号、G电荷信号与B电荷信号分别送至取样放大位移装置302、304、306,取样放大位移装置302、304、306可分别对R电荷信号、G电荷信号与B电荷信号做信号取样、放大与准位补偿,以得到R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号。Please refer to FIG. 3A , which shows a circuit diagram of another preferred embodiment of the signal processing part of the scanner for converting RGB to grayscale and yuv color models of the present invention. In FIG. 3A, the R charge signal, G charge signal and B charge signal sensed by the sensor (not shown) are respectively sent to the sampling
此时,增益放大器320将R模拟信号乘上一第一加权值后,得到并且输出R加权模拟信号至加法器314。增益放大器322将G模拟信号乘上一第二加权值后,得到并且输出G加权模拟信号至加法器314。增益放大器324将B模拟信号乘上一第三加权值后,得到并且输出B加权模拟信号至加法器314。At this time, the
接着,加法器314将增益放大器320、322、324所输出的R加权模拟信号、G加权模拟信号与B加权模拟信号做加法运算,以得到一加法模拟信号。多任务器316可选择R模拟信号、G模拟信号、B模拟信号与加法模拟信号的其中一个模拟信号输出至模拟数字转换器318,模拟数字转换器318再将此模拟信号转换为数字信号。Next, the
在图3A,取样放大位移装置302、304、306又同样包含数个装置,以取样放大位移装置302为例,其包括一关联双重取样器308、一可程序增益放大器310与一位移器312。关联双重取样器308对R电荷信号做两次取样,将两次取样的结果再做减法运算,以得到一R亮度值。可程序增益放大器310可调整一增益值(此增益值调整的范围决定于存放增益值的位的长度),根据此增益值来放大关联双重取样器308所送出的R亮度值,以得到一R放大亮度值。位移器312将R放大亮度值做准位补偿的后,以得到R模拟信号。同样地,取样放大位移装置304、306的装置的描述如同取样放大位移装置302的装置的描述。In FIG. 3A , the sampling, amplification and shifting
当扫描仪在做灰度扫描时,R模拟信号、G模拟信号与B模拟信号经由增益放大器320、322、324做不同的加权值调整,所得到的R加权模拟信号、G加权模拟信号与B加权模拟信号再由加法器314做加法运算,其得到的加法模拟信号经由多任务器316送至模拟数字转换器318与后级电路,如此,模拟数字转换器318与后级电路根据经加权调整后的加法模拟信号的亮度值,能使扫描仪对灰度响应能更精确地反映出来。When the scanner is scanning in gray scale, the R analog signal, G analog signal and B analog signal are adjusted with different weighted values through the
RGB彩色模型与yuv彩色模型的间的转换关系图3A所示的电路同样可完成其要求。根据上述的矩阵型态可以得知亮度y与RGB信号的关系如下:The conversion relationship between the RGB color model and the yuv color model The circuit shown in Fig. 3A can also fulfill its requirements. According to the above matrix type, it can be known that the relationship between brightness y and RGB signal is as follows:
y=0.299R+0.587G+0.114By=0.299R+0.587G+0.114B
因此,在图3A中的增益放大器320的第一加权值为0.299,增益放大器322的第二加权值为0.587,增益放大器324的第三加权值为0.114。Therefore, the first weighted value of the
如上所述,将RGB彩色模型转换为yuv彩色模型,而且需要使用yuv彩色模型中的亮度y、色调u与饱和度v,则图3A所示的电路需要做修正,所修正的电路如图3B所示。As mentioned above, the RGB color model is converted to the yuv color model, and the brightness y, hue u and saturation v in the yuv color model need to be used, the circuit shown in Figure 3A needs to be corrected, and the corrected circuit is shown in Figure 3B shown.
在图3B中,增益放大器351将R模拟信号乘上一第一加权值后,得到并且输出第一R加权模拟信号至加法器360。增益放大器352将G模拟信号乘上一第二加权值后,得到并且输出第一G加权模拟信号至加法器360。增益放大器353将B模拟信号乘上一第三加权值后,得到并且输出第一B加权模拟信号至加法器360。增益放大器354将R模拟信号乘上一第四加权值后,得到并且输出第二R加权模拟信号至加法器361。增益放大器355将G模拟信号乘上一第五加权值后,得到并且输出第二G加权模拟信号至加法器361。增益放大器356将B模拟信号乘上一第六加权值后,得到并且输出第二B加权模拟信号至加法器361。增益放大器357将R模拟信号乘上一第七加权值后,得到并且输出第三R加权模拟信号至加法器362。增益放大器358将G模拟信号乘上一第八加权值后,得到并且输出第三G加权模拟信号至加法器362。增益放大器359将B模拟信号乘上一第九加权值后,得到并且输出第三B加权模拟信号至加法器362。In FIG. 3B , the
接着,加法器360将增益放大器351、352、353所输出的第一R加权模拟信号、第一G加权模拟信号与第一B加权模拟信号做加法运算,以得到亮度y。加法器361将增益放大器354、355、356所输出的第二R加权模拟信号、第二G加权模拟信号与第二B加权模拟信号做加法运算,以得到色调u。加法器362将增益放大器357、358、359所输出的第三R加权模拟信号、第三G加权模拟信号与第三B加权模拟信号做加法运算,以得到饱和度v。多任务器364可选择R模拟信号、G模拟信号、B模拟信号、亮度y、色调u与饱和度v的其中一个模拟信号输出至模拟数字转换器366,模拟数字转换器366再将此模拟信号转换为数字信号。Next, the
根据上述将RGB彩色模型转换为yuv彩色模型的矩阵型态,可以得知亮度y、色调u、饱和度v与RGB信号的关系如下:According to the matrix type of converting the RGB color model to the yuv color model above, it can be known that the relationship between brightness y, hue u, saturation v and RGB signals is as follows:
y=0.299R+0.587G+0.114By=0.299R+0.587G+0.114B
u=0.596R-0.275G-0.321Bu=0.596R-0.275G-0.321B
v=0.212R-0.523G+0.311Bv=0.212R-0.523G+0.311B
因此,在第3B图中的增益放大器351的第一加权值为0.299,增益放大器352的第二加权值为0.587,增益放大器353的第三加权值为0.114,增益放大器354的第四加权值为0.596,增益放大器355的第五加权值为(-0.275),增益放大器356的第六加权值为(-0.321),增益放大器357的第七加权值为0.212,增益放大器358的第八加权值为(-0.523),增益放大器359的第九加权值为0.311。Therefore, the first weighted value of the
将RGB彩色模型转换为yuv彩色模型,是利用电路的硬件电路(如增益放大器与加法器)来完成色彩空间的转换,相比较于利用软件来完成色彩空间的转换,硬件电路在做转换时所花费的时间是非常少,如此,扫描仪可以操作在较高的扫描速度。Converting the RGB color model to the yuv color model is to use the hardware circuit of the circuit (such as a gain amplifier and an adder) to complete the color space conversion. Compared with using software to complete the color space conversion, the hardware circuit does the conversion. The time spent is very less, thus, the scanner can operate at a higher scanning speed.
因此,本发明的优点是扫描仪运用在灰度的扫描时,可将各像素对于灰度的响应更精确地反映出来。Therefore, the advantage of the present invention is that when the scanner is used in grayscale scanning, the response of each pixel to the grayscale can be reflected more accurately.
本发明的另一优点是扫描仪运用在RGB彩色模型信号对不同的彩色模型的转换,利用硬件来执行转换的工作,可缩短RGB彩色模型信号对不同的彩色模型转换所花费的时间。Another advantage of the present invention is that the scanner is used to convert RGB color model signals to different color models, and uses hardware to perform the conversion work, which can shorten the time spent on converting RGB color model signals to different color models.
但以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非用来限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,可作各种的改动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书准。However, the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the invention shall be determined by the claims.
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