CN1233504C - Curve surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning method and turing cutter-carrier - Google Patents
Curve surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning method and turing cutter-carrier Download PDFInfo
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- CN1233504C CN1233504C CN 02133425 CN02133425A CN1233504C CN 1233504 C CN1233504 C CN 1233504C CN 02133425 CN02133425 CN 02133425 CN 02133425 A CN02133425 A CN 02133425A CN 1233504 C CN1233504 C CN 1233504C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a curved surface constant tangential digital control method and a turning cutter frame thereof. A servo motor of a curved surface constant tangential digital control precision turning cutter frame is connected with a driving shaft by a flexible coupling, the driving shaft is connected with a bevel gear 1 which is engaged with a bevel gear 2, a clamping head is driven to rotate by a straight gear 1 and a straight gear 2, and a turning cutter is fixedly connected in a cutter clamping hole of the clamping head. The present invention has the advantages that by controlling the motion mode of the turning cutter, the cutting angle of the turning cutter is kept constant, the cutting process is optimized, the direct influence of the shape error of the cutter point of the conventional digital control turning cutter on the precision of a processing curved surface is overcome, the constant tangential digital control turning processing of an inner and an outer curved surfaces is realized, and the processing quality and the precision of work pieces with curved surfaces are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Machine Manufacturing Technology and device field, be specifically related to a kind of curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning method and turning head thereof.
Background technology
In the centre numerically controlled lathe turning curve surface work pieces process, cutter is translational motion on processed workpiece, the contact point of cutter point of a knife and surface of the work is in continuous variation, caused the cutting angle parameter also in continuous variation, be under the unoptimizable situation, the form error of cutter point of a knife directly influences the precision of institute's processing curve, and the precision of Machining of Curved Surface is affected.
In actual process,, often need less nose radius in order to be beneficial to cutting.Sharpening has accurate point of a knife shape and minor radius value numerical control turning cutter, and difficulty is big, the cost height.Mathematical computations and engineering experiment show that the form error of turning cutting tool nose profile sharpening and the relation of workpiece profile error are about 1: 1, and the relation of the measure error of point of a knife radius of circle and workpiece profile error is about 1: 0.414.For example if cutter point of a knife radius of circle theoretical value is 0.2mm, causing the form error of cutter nose profile when artificial grinding is 0.02mm, then will approximately produce the workpiece profile error of 0.02mm during processing work; If produced the measure error of 0.02mm when measuring this cutter nose radius, add man-hour with this actual measured value as the nose radius compensation rate, produce the profile errors of 0.0083mm after then the numerical control turning curve surface work pieces is shaped approximately, this is totally unfavorable to accurate, ultraprecise processing.Particularly in the processing of difficult-to-machine materials such as ferrous metal, owing to lack corresponding superhard cutter material, cutting tool is more outstanding to the influence of workpiece, causes the ferrous metal surface machining accuracy to be difficult to improve.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning method and turning head thereof.Adopt the present invention can solve the difficult problem of metal curved surface ultraprecise processing preferably, machining accuracy is improved.
The present invention is achieved by following technological means.
A kind of curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning method of the present invention contains following content: utilize the multi-shaft interlocked of digital control system and closed-loop control function, by digital control system control turning head and each interlock of lathe, driving turning cutting tool rotates and translation simultaneously, make turning cutting tool be in the normal direction of curve surface work pieces all the time, thereby the point of a knife that makes turning cutting tool remains a fixing point and contacts with surface of the work, the cutting angle parameter remains constant, the constant tangential digital controlled turning processing of march face component.
The structure of a kind of curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest of the present invention and the characteristics of annexation are:
The servomotor of curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest is connected with power transmission shaft, and power transmission shaft supports with bearing I II; Bevel gear I that is provided with on the power transmission shaft and bevel gear II engagement; Bevel gear II is fixedly connected on an end of minor axis, the fixedly connected spur gear I of the other end of minor axis, and minor axis supports with bearing I I; Minor axis is connected with dop; Dop supports with bearing I, spur gear II on the dop and spur gear I engagement; Fixedly connected turning cutting tool in the folder tool bore of dop.Stop collar is installed on the minor axis.The axis of power transmission shaft and minor axis has a angle 90 °.Round grating is installed on the dop.Also be installed with sub-gratings on the knife rest.Power transmission shaft is connected with servomotor by flexible coupling.
During work, the X that curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest is fixed on lathe by carriage saddle is on slide unit, and Z moves along the lathe spindle direction to slide unit, and X installs to slide unit is vertical to slide unit and Z, and fixed thereon, moves to slide unit with Z.
The operation principle of curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest is: after the servomotor of turning head is received the instruction that control system sends, drive the power transmission shaft rotation.Rotatablely moving passes to bevel gear II through bevel gear I, drives dop by spur gear I and spur gear II and rotates.Turning cutting tool is fixed in the folder tool bore of dop, therefore finally is converted into the rotation of turning cutting tool around the dop axis.High-precision grating and control system form closed-loop control system, improve the turning cutting tool rotation precision.
Curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest is installed in X on slide unit by carriage saddle.Utilize the three-shaft linkage control function of digital control system,, realize three-shaft linkage, drive the permanent tangential workpiece of processing and loading clamp on lathe spindle of turning cutting tool according to the processed curved surface shape.X all is equipped with the high accuracy grating as position detecting element to slide unit, Z to slide unit, curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest, by closed-loop control, to improve each reference axis position control accuracy.
The present invention is by curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest and control system thereof, can realize the constant tangential digital controlled turning processing of curved surface, translational motion is arranged simultaneously and around the rotational motion of dop axis during the workpiece of turning cutting tool on the lathe for machining main shaft, make turning cutting tool be in the normal direction of cutting point all the time, the point of a knife of turning cutting tool remains a fixing point and contacts with surface of the work, the cutting angle parameter remains unchanged, optimized working angles, avoided of the influence of turning cutting tool tool arc error, can effectively improve the surface quality of workpiece and the precision of profile the processing work precision.
The invention provides curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest method for turning and turning head, thereby eliminated in the general numerical control turning process, the form error of turning cutting tool point of a knife is to the direct influence of institute's processing curve, optimize working angles, improved the quality and the curved surface profile precision on workpiece to be machined surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 general NC turning curve surface work pieces schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is the constant tangential digital controlled turning curve surface work pieces of a present invention schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the constant tangential digital controlled turning control principle of curved surface of the present invention figure.
Fig. 4 is the constant tangential digital controlled turning principle schematic of curved surface of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the constant tangential digital controlled turning system of processing of an embodiment of the invention curved surface front view.
Fig. 6 is the constant tangential digital controlled turning system of processing of an embodiment of the invention curved surface vertical view.
Fig. 7 is the main cutaway view of embodiment of the invention curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning cutter frame structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the vertical view of embodiment of the invention curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning cutter frame structure schematic diagram.
Among the figure
1-lathe spindle 2-workpiece 3-turning cutting tool 4-curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest (abbreviation knife rest) 5-carriage saddle 6-Z to slide unit 7-X to slide unit 11-servomotor 12-power transmission shaft
13-bevel gear I 14-bevel gear II 15-minor axis 16-spur gear I 17-sub-gratings
18-circle grating 19-spur gear II 20-dop 21-bearing I 22-stop collar
23-bearing I I 24-bearing I II
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is explained in detail.
The servomotor 11 of curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest of the present invention is connected with power transmission shaft 12, and power transmission shaft 12 usefulness bearing I II24 support; Bevel gear I13 that is provided with on the power transmission shaft 12 and bevel gear II14 engagement; Bevel gear II14 is fixedly connected on an end of minor axis 15, the fixedly connected spur gear I16 of the other end of minor axis 15, and minor axis 15 usefulness bearing I I23 support; Minor axis 15 is connected with dop 20; Dop 20 usefulness bearing I 21 support, spur gear II19 on the dop 20 and spur gear I16 engagement; Fixedly connected turning cutting tool 3 in the folder tool bore of dop 20.Stop collar 22 is installed on the minor axis 15.Power transmission shaft 12 has a angle 90 ° with the axis of minor axis 15.Round grating 18 is installed on the dop 20.Also be installed with sub-gratings 17 on the knife rest 4.Power transmission shaft 12 is connected with servomotor 11 by flexible coupling.
Fig. 1 is a general NC turning curve surface work pieces schematic diagram.Have only translational motion during the workpiece 2 of turning cutting tool 3 on lathe for machining main shaft 1, the contact point on turning cutting tool 3 points of a knife and workpiece 2 surfaces is in continuous variation.
Fig. 2 is a curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest turning curve surface work pieces schematic diagram.Translational motion and rotational motion are arranged during the workpiece 2 of turning cutting tool 3 on lathe for machining main shaft 1 simultaneously, thereby guarantee that turning cutting tool 3 is in the normal direction of cutting point all the time, the point of a knife of turning cutting tool 3 remains a fixing point and workpiece 2 surperficial contacts.
Fig. 3 is curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning method control principle figure.X, the Z of computer and digital control system control curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest and numerically controlled lathe link to slide unit, make bus translation and the rotation of turning cutting tool 3 along institute's machining curve surface of workpiece, all the time synchronous with the normal to a surface direction, realize constant tangential digital controlled turning, guarantee in the Machining of Curved Surface process, cutting point on turning cutting tool 3 points of a knife remains unchanged, thereby the cutting angle parameter constant of turning cutting tool 3, optimize working angles, eliminate of the direct influence of the form error of numerical control turning cutter point of a knife institute's processing curve.
Fig. 4 is a curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning principle schematic.During processing diagram workpiece 2, if turning cutting tool 3 is positioned at the normal direction of this some during processing A point, the normal angle that normal that A is ordered and B are ordered is α, then when the A point is worked into the B point, making turning cutting tool 3 anglecs of rotation is α, this moment, turning cutting tool 3 still was in the normal direction of this point at B point, thereby guaranteed on turning cutting tool 3 points of a knife cutting point that processing A order and process the cutting point that B orders to be same point.
Adopt above principle, can effectively overcome of the direct influence of the form error of numerical control turning cutter point of a knife, optimized working angles, improved workpiece surface quality and curved surface profile precision institute's processing curve.
By installing curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest of the present invention additional on the JCS-035 numerically-controlled precise lathe of producing in Beijing machine tool plant, transform its control system, realized the constant tangential digital controlled precision turning of the inside and outside aspheric curve of workpiece, ferrous metal part curved surface profile precision is less than 10 microns (diameter of work 100mm).
Fig. 5,6 is respectively embodiment of the invention curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning system of processing front view and vertical view.Curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest 4 is installed in X on slide unit 7 by carriage saddle 5.Utilize the three-shaft linkage control function of digital control system,, realize three-shaft linkage, drive the turning cutting tool 3 permanent tangential workpiece 2 of processing and loading clamp on lathe spindle 1 according to the processed curved surface shape.X all is equipped with the high accuracy grating as position detecting element to slide unit 7, Z to slide unit 6, curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest 4, and by closed-loop control, to improve each reference axis position control accuracy, X, Z reach 1 micron to the slide unit repetitive positioning accuracy.Wherein, the round grating 18 on the constant tangential digital controlled turning head 4 is used for accurately measuring the angular displacement that turning cutting tool 3 rotates, and sub-gratings 17 is that grating reading head is a photo-electric conversion element, and it is converted to the signal of telecommunication to optical signal, feeds back to control system.X, the Z grating on slide unit is used for accurately measuring the displacement of the lines of corresponding slide unit, and its signal becomes the signal of telecommunication and feeds back to control system after opto-electronic conversion, to constitute closed-loop control.
Fig. 7, Fig. 8 are respectively the main cutaway view and the vertical view of curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning cutter frame structure schematic diagram.On knife rest 4, two bearing I II24 of power transmission shaft 12 usefulness support, and two bearing I I23 of minor axis 15 usefulness support, and dop 20 usefulness bearing I 21 support.Bevel gear I13 is installed on the power transmission shaft 12 by key.Bevel gear II14, stop collar 22, spur gear I16 are installed on the minor axis 15.Round grating 18, spur gear II19, turning cutting tool 3 are installed on the dop 20.All gears are keyed on the axle.Bevel gear I and bevel gear II engagement; Power transmission shaft 12 is 90 ° with the angle of minor axis 15 two axial lines.Spur gear I and spur gear II engagement.Turning cutting tool 3 is installed in the square opening of dop, and its point of a knife is on the center line of knife rest.Sub-gratings 17 is fixed on the knife rest 4.
The operation principle of curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest of the present invention is: after servomotor 11 is received the instruction that control system sends, drive power transmission shaft 12 rotations.Rotatablely moving passes to bevel gear II14 through bevel gear I13, and spur gear I16 and bevel gear II14 are fixed on the minor axis 15, rotates synchronously; When bevel gear II14 when minor axis 15 axis rotate, drive dop 20 by spur gear I16 and spur gear II19 engaged transmission and rotate.Turning cutting tool 3 is fixed in the folder tool bore of dop 20, therefore finally is converted into the rotation of turning cutting tool 3 around the axis of dop 20.
High-precision grating and control system form closed-loop control system, improve the turning cutting tool rotation precision.Select for use high-precision bearing can guarantee that the rotating accuracy of knife rest dop is in 0.002mm.
The curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest calibration resolution ratio that adopts the present invention to make can reach more than 0.2 minute, and indexing accuracy can reach more than 1 minute, and rotational angle can reach 180 ° or bigger.Curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest has advantages such as structure is small and exquisite, precision is high, controllability is good, is applicable to the permanent tangential turning processing of the inside and outside curve surface work pieces of multiple metal material.
The transmission mechanism of curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest also can adopt mechanisms such as connecting rod or cam, realizes the permanent tangential turning of curve surface work pieces.
Claims (7)
1. curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest is characterized in that: its servomotor (11) connects with power transmission shaft (12), and power transmission shaft (12) supports with bearing I II (24); Power transmission shaft (12) is gone up the bevel gear I (13) and bevel gear II (14) engagement that is provided with; Bevel gear II (14) is fixedly connected on an end of minor axis (15), the fixedly connected spur gear I of the other end of minor axis (15) (16), and minor axis (15) supports with bearing I I (23); Minor axis (15) is connected with dop (20); Dop (20) supports with bearing I (21), spur gear II (19) on the dop (20) and spur gear I (16) engagement; Fixedly connected turning cutting tool (3) in the folder tool bore of dop (20).
2. curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest according to claim 1 is characterized in that: stop collar (22) is installed on the minor axis (15).
3. curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest according to claim 1 is characterized in that: power transmission shaft (12) has an angle with the axis of minor axis (15).
4. curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest according to claim 1 is characterized in that: round grating (18) is installed on the dop (20).
5. curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also be installed with sub-gratings (17) on the knife rest (4).
6. curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest according to claim 3 is characterized in that: power transmission shaft (12) is 90 ° with the axis angle of minor axis (15).
7. curved surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning knife rest according to claim 1 is characterized in that: power transmission shaft (12) is connected with servomotor (11) by flexible coupling.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133425 CN1233504C (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2002-07-03 | Curve surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning method and turing cutter-carrier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133425 CN1233504C (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2002-07-03 | Curve surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning method and turing cutter-carrier |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1465467A CN1465467A (en) | 2004-01-07 |
| CN1233504C true CN1233504C (en) | 2005-12-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 02133425 Expired - Fee Related CN1233504C (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2002-07-03 | Curve surface constant tangential digital controlled precision turning method and turing cutter-carrier |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101376229B (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2012-07-18 | 长春理工大学 | Processing method and device for forming aspheric surface part by numerical control tangent line turning method |
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Granted publication date: 20051228 Termination date: 20090803 |