CN1230565A - Rubber-based composite material - Google Patents
Rubber-based composite material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1230565A CN1230565A CN 98111910 CN98111910A CN1230565A CN 1230565 A CN1230565 A CN 1230565A CN 98111910 CN98111910 CN 98111910 CN 98111910 A CN98111910 A CN 98111910A CN 1230565 A CN1230565 A CN 1230565A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- composite material
- zinc oxide
- znow
- wear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010058 rubber compounding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZRMMVODKVLXCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n-cyclohexyl-4-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC(C=C1)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 ZRMMVODKVLXCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003193 cis-1,4-polybutadiene polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SSC=3SC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=NC2=C1 AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenezinc Chemical compound [Zn]=S WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation technology of a rubber-based composite material, which adds tetrapod-like zinc oxide whiskers with three-dimensional distribution in a synthetic rubber or natural rubber body, greatly improves the wear resistance of the material, and correspondingly improves the friction coefficient. The formula of the rubber composite material comprises (by weight) 60-90% of raw rubber (natural or synthetic rubber), 0.1-1.0% of accelerator, 0.5-1.5% of anti-aging agent, 2-10% of zinc oxide powder, 2-10% of sulfur, 1-30% of zinc oxide whisker and 0.2-3% of other auxiliary agents. The abrasion loss of the composite material added with the zinc oxide whisker is reduced by 14-90% compared with that of the composite material without the zinc oxide whisker, and the friction coefficient is improved by 1.1-1.5 times. The material is mainly used for preparing wear-resistant and anti-skid rubber products, such as automobile tires, brake materials and the like.
Description
The present invention relates to the rubber composite preparing technical field, relate generally to the preparing technical field of abrasive rubber material.
Elastomeric material is the important starting material of national economy, in important industries such as traffic, the energy, chemical industry, national defence extensive use is arranged all.In automotive industry, using rubber tyre and brake material in a large number.In China, along with motorway comes into operation successively, owing to the relatively poor traffic accident that causes of tire wear non-skid property increases day by day.At present, mostly adopting increases tire anti-slip wheel thorn, and methods such as change face glue cure conditions are dealt with, but because face glue wear hardness is poor, even deepened the wheel thorn, still are worn away very soon.So, develop wear-resisting anti-skidding doughnut, not only have theory significance, and have practical value.ZnOw is a kind of Multifunction material, have excellent isotropy strengthen, antistatic, inhale ripple vibration damping and wear-resisting non-skid property.Japanese Patent JP02-150469 (nineteen ninety) is reported in the vessel coating and replaces traditional wear preventive additive such as bauxite etc. with ZnOw, and the coating wear resisting property increases substantially; Patent EP0377746 (1989) has then reported the situation of marking paint.Up to the present, the abrasion resistance that improves thermoplastics such as PPS.PTFE.PEEK.PE etc. with ZnOw also has report (JP03-239765).Japanese Patent JP02-221200 has also reported with Resins, epoxy ZnOw has been carried out the abrasion resistance that surface treatment can improve the acetaldehyde resin.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rubber-base composite material, it can increase the abrasion resisting ability and the frictional coefficient of elastomeric material effectively.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the present invention adopts natural or synthetic rubber is a matrices of composite material, synthetic rubber such as chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR), cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber etc.Preparation abrasion performance rubber-base composite material, comprise auxiliary agents such as rubber and promotor, anti-aging agent, vulcanizing agent in the prescription, and added have 3 D stereo four acicular structures ZnOw as wear-resistant enhancement additive, every needles length of ZnOw 10～200 μ m, base diameter 0.1～10 μ m.Each component content is as follows in this rubber-base composite material: rubber 60～90%, promotor 0.1～1.0%, anti-aging agent 0.5～1.5%, oxide powder and zinc 2～10%, sulphur 2～10%, ZnOw 1～30%.Before using, used ZnOw with the acetone or alcohol solution that contains 0.1～3%KH590 (A-189) silane coupling agent above-mentioned ZnOw is carried out surface treatment earlier, surface treatment also can be used other coupling agent, as titanate coupling agent etc., can first pre-treatment, also coupling agent can be joined in the component mixing together, but mixing with first pre-treatment in adding, better effects if.Pretreated method is to prepare coupling agent solution earlier, whisker is immersed again and soaks 5～30 minutes, takes out the back and dries with infrared lamp, puts into constant temperature oven and toasts, and in temperature is to toast 10～30 minutes under 50～150 ℃ the environment, takes out standby.The preparation method of this matrix material plasticates rubber earlier under promoter effect, add the ZnOw of going into after the processing again, and is even through mill mixing, adds vulcanizing agent at last, obtains wear-resisting rubber composite material goods or test specimen with the vulcanizer sulfuration.
The present invention compared with prior art, its advantage and effect are: add four acicular type zinc oxide crystal whisker in natural rubber or synthetic rubber, its wear loss and frictional coefficient are carried out contrast test, the results are shown in Table 1, obtained wear resisting property rubber composite preferably.
Table 1 matrix material friction and wear behavior
| Base material | Oxide powder and zinc (consumption %) | ZnOw (consumption %) | Wear loss (relative value) | Frictional coefficient (relative value) | |
| Embodiment 1 | Chloroprene rubber | ????5 | ?????5 | ????0.86 | ???1.21 |
| Embodiment 2 | Chloroprene rubber | ????5 | ?????10 | ????0.63 | ???1.28 |
| Embodiment 3 | Chloroprene rubber | ????5 | ?????15 | ????0.43 | ???1.36 |
| Embodiment 4 | Chloroprene rubber | ????5 | ?????20 | ????0.23 | ???1.45 |
| Embodiment 5 | Chloroprene rubber | ????5 | ?????25 | ????0.18 | ???1.54 |
| Comparative example 1 | Chloroprene rubber | ????5 | ?????0 | ????1.00 | ???1.00 |
| Comparative example 2 | Chloroprene rubber | ????15 | ?????0 | ????1.08 | ???1.04 |
Description of drawings of the present invention is as follows:
Accompanying drawing 1 is the used extraordinary electron micrograph that adds material oxidation zinc whisker of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention is described as follows:
1. with acetone or alcohol silane coupling agent is mixed with 0.1～3% solution, ZnOw is immersed in this solution, soaked 5～30 minutes, putting into constant temperature oven after taking-up is dried with infrared lamp toasts, oven temperature is 50～150 ℃, and storing time 10～30 minutes takes out standby.
2. rubber raw rubber was plasticated under various promoter effects 5～10 minutes, added the ZnOw after handling then, and is mixing even, promptly gets composite product or test specimen with the vulcanizer sulfuration again.120～160 ℃ * 10min * 11MPa of cure conditions.
3. embodiment is matrix with the chloroprene rubber, and concrete prescription sees Table 2.
4. comparative sample preparation is identical with embodiment, does not just add ZnOw (comparative example 1) in prescription, or with oxide powder and zinc for ZnOw (comparative example 2).Concrete prescription sees Table 2, and the results are shown in Table 1.
5. from the test data of table 1 as can be seen, add the test specimen of ZnOw, frictional coefficient (relative value) increases with the ZnOw addition, and wear loss (relative value) but reduces with the addition increase.
Table 2 rubber composite prescription (%)
| Implement (comparison) example | Rubber | Altax O | Antioxidant 4010 | Oxide powder and zinc | Sulphur | ZnOw |
| ?????1 | ????83.6 | ???0.4 | ?????1 | ????5 | ????5 | ?????5 |
| ?????2 | ????79.15 | ???0.35 | ?????1 | ????5 | ????4.5 | ?????10 |
| ?????3 | ????74.7 | ???0.3 | ?????1 | ????5 | ????4 | ?????15 |
| ?????4 | ????70.25 | ???0.25 | ?????1 | ????5 | ????3.5 | ?????20 |
| ?????5 | ????65.8 | ???0.2 | ?????1 | ????5 | ????3 | ?????25 |
| Comparative example 1 | ????88.6 | ???0.4 | ?????1 | ????5 | ????5 | ?????0 |
| Comparative example 2 | ????78.6 | ???0.4 | ?????1 | ????15 | ????5 | ?????0 |
Claims (2)
1. rubber-base composite material, comprise auxiliary agents such as rubber and promotor, anti-aging agent, vulcanizing agent, it is characterized in that having added in traditional rubber compounding and have 3 D stereo four acicular zinc oxides crystals whisker, wherein each component content is as follows: rubber 60～90%, promotor 0.1～1.0%, anti-aging agent 0.5～1.5%, oxide powder and zinc 2～10%, sulphur 2～10%, ZnOw 1～30%.
2. a kind of rubber-base composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that ZnOw carries out surface treatment with silane coupling agent earlier before adding rubber matrix.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98111910A CN1114656C (en) | 1998-03-27 | 1998-03-27 | Rubber-base composite material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98111910A CN1114656C (en) | 1998-03-27 | 1998-03-27 | Rubber-base composite material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1230565A true CN1230565A (en) | 1999-10-06 |
| CN1114656C CN1114656C (en) | 2003-07-16 |
Family
ID=5221794
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98111910A Expired - Fee Related CN1114656C (en) | 1998-03-27 | 1998-03-27 | Rubber-base composite material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1114656C (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1505112A1 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-09 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries Limited | Rubber composition for tire and pneumatic tire using the same |
| EP1609817A1 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2005-12-28 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Rubber composition for tire and pneumatic tire using the same |
| CN100383184C (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2008-04-23 | 绵阳市仁智奇微新材料有限公司 | Method for preparing modified polyolefin mother material for buried drain pipe using whisker |
| CN102102009A (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2011-06-22 | 青岛华瑞丰机械有限公司 | Method for preparing yaw friction plate of wind driven generator from tetra-needle like zinc oxide whiskers |
| CN102115553A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-07-06 | 陈尔凡 | Room temperature/low temperature vulcanized chloroprene rubber sizing material |
| CN102134339A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-07-27 | 刘立文 | Calcium sulfate whisker modified butadiene styrene rubber composite and preparation process thereof |
| CN102234387A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-11-09 | 刘立文 | Calcium sulfate whisker modified rubber and preparation process thereof |
| CN105218889A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-06 | 雷春生 | A kind of preparation method of modified white carbon black tire |
| CN107880337A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-06 | 常州禾吉纺织品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of anti-slip type tyre surface glue material |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02182777A (en) * | 1989-01-06 | 1990-07-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Abrasion-resistant material |
| JPH02203031A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1990-08-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Brake material |
| JPH02263882A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-10-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Adhesive |
| JPH03143936A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1991-06-19 | Kinugawa Rubber Ind Co Ltd | Rubber composition |
-
1998
- 1998-03-27 CN CN98111910A patent/CN1114656C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8110056B2 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2012-02-07 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Process for preparing studless tire with tread having zinc oxide whiskers, glass fibers and porous natural glass |
| EP1505112A1 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-09 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries Limited | Rubber composition for tire and pneumatic tire using the same |
| EP1609817A1 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2005-12-28 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Rubber composition for tire and pneumatic tire using the same |
| CN100383184C (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2008-04-23 | 绵阳市仁智奇微新材料有限公司 | Method for preparing modified polyolefin mother material for buried drain pipe using whisker |
| CN102115553A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-07-06 | 陈尔凡 | Room temperature/low temperature vulcanized chloroprene rubber sizing material |
| CN102115553B (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-07-25 | 陈尔凡 | Room temperature/low temperature vulcanized chloroprene rubber sizing material |
| CN102102009A (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2011-06-22 | 青岛华瑞丰机械有限公司 | Method for preparing yaw friction plate of wind driven generator from tetra-needle like zinc oxide whiskers |
| CN102134339A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-07-27 | 刘立文 | Calcium sulfate whisker modified butadiene styrene rubber composite and preparation process thereof |
| CN102134339B (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-12-26 | 刘立文 | Calcium sulfate whisker modified butadiene styrene rubber composite and preparation process thereof |
| CN102234387A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-11-09 | 刘立文 | Calcium sulfate whisker modified rubber and preparation process thereof |
| CN102234387B (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-07-25 | 刘立文 | Calcium sulfate whisker modified rubber and preparation process thereof |
| CN105218889A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-06 | 雷春生 | A kind of preparation method of modified white carbon black tire |
| CN107880337A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-06 | 常州禾吉纺织品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of anti-slip type tyre surface glue material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1114656C (en) | 2003-07-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10864774B2 (en) | Rubber composite reinforced by at least one steel reinforcing element rendered adhesive by an adhesive composition containing aromatic aldehyde and polyphenol | |
| CN1114656C (en) | Rubber-base composite material | |
| CN103849013A (en) | Low-heat highly-wearable rubber composition and production method thereof | |
| CN103012870B (en) | Modified carcass ply compound of all-steel radial tire | |
| CN1743367A (en) | Chloroprene rubber polymer blend and its preparing method | |
| CN1869115A (en) | Rubber composition for coating a carcass cord and a carcass cord coated thereby | |
| WO2013191764A1 (en) | Polysulfide treatment of carbon black filler and elastomeric compositions with polysulfide treated carbon black | |
| JP5901508B2 (en) | Pneumatic tire | |
| RU2767106C2 (en) | Vehicle wheel tire | |
| EP3808895A1 (en) | Metal cord-rubber composite, belt or carcass for tire using same, and tire | |
| DE102014100210A1 (en) | RUBBER COMPOSITION FOR FIBER CORD GUMMING AND AIR TIRES | |
| CN105646958A (en) | Wear-resisting rubber and preparation method thereof | |
| EP3666821A1 (en) | Rubber composition, production method therefor, and tire | |
| EP0677546B1 (en) | Rubber/polyester cord composite and tire with component thereof | |
| WO2013018838A1 (en) | Rubber composition | |
| CN112852034A (en) | Friction material, composite brake shoe and preparation method | |
| CN103509206B (en) | A kind of aging-resistant flame-proof doughnut modified calcium carbonate and preparation method thereof | |
| KR100692565B1 (en) | Tire tread composition | |
| JP4298820B2 (en) | Rubber composition for studless tire | |
| JP2004161139A (en) | Pneumatic tire | |
| WO2022066217A1 (en) | Rubber composition for non-pneumatic support components | |
| JP2004216977A (en) | Pneumatic tire | |
| KR102484413B1 (en) | Rubber composition of a tire and tire comprsing the same | |
| KR101486169B1 (en) | Tyre tread rubber with excellent braking property | |
| KR100578099B1 (en) | strip rubber composition for tire |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: CHENGDU NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY JINGYU TEC Free format text: FORMER OWNER: XI-NAN JIATOONG UNIV. Effective date: 20020822 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20020822 Address after: 610036, No. 18, west side of sample street, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province Applicant after: Chengdu Crystrealm Co., Ltd. Address before: 610031 Chengdu City, Sichuan Province Applicant before: Southwest Jiaotong University |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20030716 Termination date: 20130327 |