CN1229928C - 发射/接收电磁波的源天线 - Google Patents

发射/接收电磁波的源天线 Download PDF

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CN1229928C
CN1229928C CNB011187174A CN01118717A CN1229928C CN 1229928 C CN1229928 C CN 1229928C CN B011187174 A CNB011187174 A CN B011187174A CN 01118717 A CN01118717 A CN 01118717A CN 1229928 C CN1229928 C CN 1229928C
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radiating element
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source antenna
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CN1329404A (zh
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帕特里斯·伊尔茨林
让-弗朗索瓦·平托斯
阿里·卢齐耶
弗兰克·图多
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Thomson Licensing SAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08Helical antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/067Two dimensional planar arrays using endfire radiating aerial units transverse to the plane of the array
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/45Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device
    • H01Q5/47Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device with a coaxial arrangement of the feeds

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及发射/接收电磁波的源天线,包括:n个辐射单元的阵列(113、114)工作在第一频带,具有纵向辐射的单元(20)工作在第二频带,阵列和纵向辐射单元基本上具有共同的相位中心,n个辐射单元对称地排列在纵向辐射单元的周围,阵列的每一个单元(113、114)由行波类型的辐射单元构成。

Description

发射/接收电磁波的源天线
技术领域
本发明涉及发射/接收电磁波的源天线的改进,具体地说,涉及卫星通信系统中使用C波段、Ku波段或Ka波段的器件。
背景技术
交互式无线通信业务正在快速发展。这些业务具体涉及到电话、传真、电视、互联网和所谓的多媒体领域。用于一般广播业务的设备必须以合理的价格获得。特别是用户的发射/接收系统必须通过通信卫星与服务器通信。在这种情况下,通信是在微波频率范围内进行的,特别是在C波段、Ku波段或Ka波段,就是说频率是在4GHz和30GHz之间。
用于发射(T)/接收(R)的源天线通常由波导器件制成,一般包括覆盖发射和接收的两个频带的宽频波状喇叭天线,这个喇叭天线辅助允许发射和接收分离的装置和/或正交极化,该装置由每一端口的正模(直接式收发转发器)和波导滤波器构成。
实施的技术是很难处理和昂贵的。它的重量和体积一般不能与个人使用兼容。
因此,申请人早已在汤姆森多媒体的专利WO99/35711中建议了一种放置在聚焦系统焦点的发射/接收源天线,例如,球形透镜、抛物面反射器天线或多反射器天线,其可以用在卫星通信系统的家用终端中。在这种情况下,用于照射透镜或抛物面反射器的源天线由N个辐射单元阵列构成,即,N个贴片用于如接收的连接方向和如螺旋线的纵向辐射天线、介质棒与纵向辐射天线的辐射或任何其它类型的纵向辐射的轴向一致,用于如发射的其它连接方向,这个天线放置在阵列的中心。因此,纵向辐射天线的相位中心和贴片阵列的相位中心一致,并被放置在天线系统的焦点上。
对于这种混合源的类型,为了确保贴片类型的N个辐射单元阵列和螺旋线型的纵向辐射单元之间的去耦,对于贴片阵列,最好用在低频有效的连接上,即,接收,纵向辐射天线最好用在高频有效连接上,即,发射。
然而,接收频带一般比发射频带宽,连接平衡对接收源的损失是比较敏感的,对于接收源的贴片阵列的选择从这个观点看不是最佳的。
此外,对于贴片阵列,通过接收频带获得高质量的圆极化是非常困难,但是,大多数通信系统使用圆极化运行的低轨道卫星。
发明内容
本发明的目的时提供一种在卫星通信系统使用圆极化的情况下,上述问题的最佳解决方案。
因此,一种发射/接收电磁波的源天线,包括:
n个独立辐射单元的阵列工作在第一频带,用于接收或发射电磁波;
具有纵向辐射的单元工作在第二频带,用于发射或接收电磁波,并放置在阵列的中心;
纵向辐射单元具有辐射轴,每个独立辐射单元具有自己的辐射轴,每个独立辐射单元的辐射轴不同并与纵向辐射单元的辐射或轴不同;
n个辐射单元的阵列和纵向辐射单元具有共同的相位中心,n个辐射单元对称地排列在纵向辐射单元的周围;
其中,阵列的每一个单元由行波类型的辐射单元构成,单元的尺寸以这种方式计算,即,阵列的辐射图等于纵向辐射单元的辐射图。
根据优选的实施例,行波类型的辐射单元是螺旋线器件。
在这种情况下,具有n个单元的阵列的每一个螺旋线的长度将等于纵向辐射单元,即,几乎与阵列的长度相同。
每一个螺旋线的长度以常规的方法确定,纵向模式中的螺旋线的校正操作必须遵守下面的关系:
3/4<II×D/λ<4/3
0.6D<S<0.8D
λ是对应螺旋线的中心频率的波长,D是线圈的直径,S是两个连续线圈之间的距离。
因此,螺旋线的总长度L=N’S,线圈的数N’确定了螺旋线的方向性。辐射图的主波束宽度由下列关系给出:
θ°=52/√(N’S/λ)
θ°是3db的波束宽度。
使用行波辐射器件(具体是螺旋器件)具有某些优点。因此,可以限制阵列损耗,螺旋器件具有非常低的损耗。因此,阵列天线的损耗被限制到几乎等于馈电阵列的损耗。因此,它们提供了选择基片问题的解决方案。具体地说,在贴片类型天线的情况中,要求具有高介电常数的薄基片的电路要求和具有低介电常数的厚基片的天线的电路要求之间的妥协是必须的。
此外,使用螺旋器件作为阵列的基本辐射单元可以依赖于圆极化的固有辐射和宽频带上的操作,对频带宽度和源天线的圆极化的问题提供了解决方案。
此外,当时用连续旋转阵列的技术定位n个辐射单元时,使用螺旋线作为基本辐射单元可以简化馈电阵列的拓扑,因此,减小了损耗和体积。
按照本发明的另一特征,纵向辐射单元包括纵向辐射介质棒与辐射的轴向一致或螺旋线器件与辐射的轴向一致。在介质棒的情况中,纵向辐射单元由波导激励。
按照本发明的另一特征,两个频带之一用于电磁波的接收,另一个频带用于电磁波的发射。
因此,本发明用于低频/高频变换中。
附图说明
本发明的其它特点和优点在阅读下面各个优选实施例后将变得很清楚,这些描述参考了所附的附图。
图1是本发明发射/接收电磁波的源天线的第一实施例的剖面图。
图2是图1源天线的俯视图。
图3是沿图1A-A线的剖面图,表示了螺旋阵列的馈电电路的拓扑。
图4是本发明发射/接收电磁波的源天线的另一实施例的剖面图。
图5是图4源天线的俯视图。
具体实施方式
为简化描述,附图中相同的单元使用相同的标号。
如图1和4所示,源天线是混合源,包括工作在如接收的第一频带内的n个辐射单元的第一阵列,和工作在如发射的第二频带内的纵向辐射天线。
如图1所示,n个辐射单元的第一阵列由平行六面体形状的支撑1构成,并由介质材料制成的基片2覆盖在它的上表面。
如图2所示,支撑1包括四个圆孔101、102、103、104,在所示的实施例中,这些圆孔定位在矩形的四个角上。这四个孔使得由螺旋线111、112、113、114构成的四个辐射单元穿过。圆孔3位于矩形的中心,并使得形成纵向辐射天线的支撑单元部分的紧固杆穿过,后面将描述该紧固杆。圆孔3定位在由圆孔101、102、103、104限制的矩形的中心,其允许上述的四个辐射单元穿过。
如图2所示,螺旋器件111、112、113、114以连续旋转阵列的方式定位。此外,如图1所示,螺旋器件111、112、113、114显示了较短的长度1。如图3所示,螺旋器件111、112、113、114连接到以印刷技术在基片2的后面制成的馈电阵列。馈电阵列以已知的方式由微带线L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6、L7构成。具体地说,线L1和L2在连接点C1连接天线111和112,线L2和L4在连接点C2连接天线113和114,线L5把点C1连接到点C3,线L6把点C2连接到点C3,线L7连接在激励电路和连接点C3之间。为获得连续旋转,值Li满足关系:
L5-L6=λg/2
L2-L1=L3-L4=λg/4
其中,λg表示工作中心频率上的微带线的波导波长。因此,螺旋线111、112、113、114的相对激励相位分别是0°、90°、180°、270°。如果螺旋线分别在轴向顺序旋转0°、90°、180°、270°角度,在目前的情况下,顺序旋转的条件确保了右圆极化。对于左圆极化,通过分别旋转-0°、-90°、-180°、-270°获得顺序旋转。
所示实施例涉及到包括四个螺旋线的辐射单元阵列。但是,像后面所述的一样,辐射单元的阵列可以包括八个在直径1.7λ0的圆周上规则分布的螺旋线。
如图1所示,与工作在接收的第一频带中的四个螺旋线的阵列有关的是工作在第二频带的纵向辐射装置。在图1的实施例中,这个装置由螺旋线20构成,并通过同轴电缆21穿过杆3连接到后面描述的激励电路。螺旋线20由一组线圈22构成,并工作在轴向模式。因此,螺旋线的右圆部分被限制到大约示波长除以3。具体说,它必须满足关系3/4<II×D/λ<4/3,其中,D是螺旋线的直径。
杆3形成了由导电材料制成的平行六面体形状的支撑4的部分,支撑4旨在容纳激励电路。
这个电路由蚀刻在基片上的单条微带线L’构成,它的特性阻抗等于同轴线延长连接螺旋线的特性阻抗,以确保好的匹配。
在所示的实施例中,用已知的方式,把线L7和L’分别连接到接收电磁波的电路和发射电磁波的电路,这些电路包括放大器和频率转换器。按照本发明的一个变体,接收和发射电路可以互换,即,长螺旋天线用于接收,阵列用于发射。
下面参考图4和5描述本发明的源天线的发射/接收的另一个实施例。在这种情况下,与第一实施例一样,接收电路由工作在第一频带的n个辐射单元的阵列构成,即,八个螺旋线的阵列301、302、303...308,这些螺旋线定位在大约1.7λ0的圆周上。根据所有求的方向性,这个圆周的直径可以修改。使用八个辐射单元可以获得阵列的较强的方向性辐射,这个实施例适于说明双反射器天线。螺旋线301到308以获得顺序旋转的方式馈电。它们被连接到由印刷技术制成的馈电阵列(未示出)。在图4和5的实施例中,纵向辐射装置由包括与辐射的轴向一致的纵向辐射介质棒的单元构成。具体地说,如图4所示,纵向辐射装置包括形成在杆31上面的棒40。圆锥41的顶点指向波辐射的空间或波被接收的空间。圆锥41通过圆筒42向下延伸,并终止在圆锥43,圆锥43的顶点在相反方向指向圆锥41的顶点。
例如,形成圆锥41、圆筒42和圆锥43的棒40由构成纵向辐射介质天线的压缩聚苯乙烯形成,即,显示了相对细长的辐射图。这种类型的天线被称为“聚酯棒”。
棒40的结构反映了它的名称“圆筒圆锥天线”。棒40作为波导和它发射的模式是这样的,最大的辐射出现在棒40的轴向。按照没有示出的一个变体,棒40是中空的。本领域的技术人员非常熟悉生产这种介质天线的技术,所以就不详细描述了。
如图4所示,棒40在圆锥41的底部由与棒40的轴向一致的圆杆44环绕。杆44穿过基体31以及由导电材料制成的平行六面体形状基体45内。杆44由导电材料制成,并形成波导,波导壁与基体45接触。
呈现在基体31的上表面的杆44的上部是打开的,而呈现在基体45的杆的下部由金属板44a闭合,因此,杆形成了谐振腔。杆44显示了垂直孔径,允许基片板46穿过并接收由微带技术制成的接收和发射电路的电磁波。例如,基片形成板46由给定介电常数的材料如聚四氟乙烯制成。它显示了上面指向棒40,金属化的下面形成接地面。它与杆44的导电壁接触。板46由已知的方式蚀刻在板46的上面的探针供电。本实施例工作在与第一实施例相同的方式。

Claims (12)

1.一种发射/接收电磁波的源天线,包括:
n个独立辐射单元的阵列工作在第一频带,用于接收或发射电磁波;
具有纵向辐射的单元工作在第二频带,用于发射或接收电磁波,并放置在阵列的中心;
纵向辐射单元具有辐射轴,每个独立辐射单元具有自己的辐射轴,每个独立辐射单元的辐射轴不同并与纵向辐射单元的辐射轴不同;
n个辐射单元的阵列和纵向辐射单元具有共同的相位中心,n个辐射单元对称地排列在纵向辐射单元的周围;
其中,阵列的每一个单元由行波类型的辐射单元构成,单元的尺寸以这种方式计算,即,阵列的辐射图等于纵向辐射单元的辐射图。
2.按权利要求1所述的源天线,其特征在于行波天线是螺旋线。
3.按权利要求2所述的源天线,其特征在于螺旋线的长度以这种方式计算,即,阵列的辐射图等于纵向辐射单元的辐射图。
4.按权利要求2所述的源天线,其特征在于排列螺旋器件以形成顺序旋转阵列。
5.按权利要求1所述的源天线,其特征在于n个辐射单元的阵列由印刷类型的馈电阵列激励。
6.按权利要求1所述的源天线,其特征在于n等于4。
7.按权利要求1所述的源天线,其特征在于n等于8。
8.按权利要求1所述的源天线,其特征在于纵向辐射单元包括纵向辐射介质棒。
9.按权利要求1所述的源天线,其特征在于纵向辐射单元包括具有轴向一致的螺旋线。
10.按权利要求7所述的源天线,其特征在于纵向辐射单元由包括波导的装置激励。
11.按权利要求8所述的源天线,其特征在于纵向辐射单元由包括波导的装置激励。
12.按权利要求1所述的源天线,其特征在于两个频带之一用于接收电磁波,另一个频带用于发射电磁波。
CNB011187174A 2000-06-09 2001-06-07 发射/接收电磁波的源天线 Expired - Fee Related CN1229928C (zh)

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CN1329404A (zh) 2002-01-02
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JP4771617B2 (ja) 2011-09-14
US20020018024A1 (en) 2002-02-14
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US20050200553A1 (en) 2005-09-15

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