CN1228922A - Method for making protein casing by using acid collagen - Google Patents

Abstract

A technology for making edible protein casing of sausage features use of animal skins as raw material and includes such technological steps as softening the animal skins with lime, cutting and washing, treating the swelled skins, granulating, pressing, stirring, filtering collagen, extrusion shaping, prefixing, drying, fixing, and collecting finished casings. Its advantages are easy operating, widely available raw material and simple apparatus.

Description

Method for making protein casing by using acid collagen

The invention belongs to meat food processing material therefor preparation method.

Utilize animal hide such as pig cow split leather to make edible albumen casing, be used for meat food processing, make sausage, bowel lavage, existing practical application at present; Its manufacturing technology is divided into dry method and wet type production method, the report that is presented in 1992 fifth phase of China's " food and fermentation industries " of these aspects, utilize pig skin gelatin to make edible man-made protein casing, other has other report and patent, as in August, 1979 version, whole nation food science and technology information center and Beijing Foodstuffs Inst.'s intelligence data chamber establishment, " some problems of cold cuts processing technology and equipment aspect ", in May, 1980 version, " external meat products machining profile ", China's " agriculture and animal husbandry and food machinery " magazine, the second phase in 1989 was introduced " Collagent casing for sausages and production technology thereof ", United States Patent (USP): 299756,1961 years; 3,123,482-1964; 3,123,645-1964; 3,79-1971; 3,346,402-1971; Chinese patent application, application number: 95116018,95107529,95119364, all have to introduce and utilize the pig ox-hide to make Collagent casing for sausages, Wuzhou Municiple Protein Sausage-Casing Factory, Guangxi, introduce Polish dry type production equipment technology in 89 years, manufacture albumen sausage casing, be used for the productions of sausage and bowel lavage.

The dry type of using is made albumen sausage casing method and wet type preparation method at present, and its weak point is arranged, and dry method is decided collagen water content about 90%, because of handled thing viscosity is big, and it is moderate to need viscosity to regulate, and demand collagenous fibres length is long, to apparatus-form and required precision height, equipment bulky complex; 2. wet method is decided the collagen water content more than 95%, and handled thing viscosity is little, and collagen is handled easily, but because of intensity is low, then because of its intensity is little, the rest difficulty is to apparatus-form and required precision height in the later stage, typing was handled; 3. owing to need to handle hide, treatment process complexity, length consuming time with various soda acids; 4. dry type making method is long because of collagenous fibres, is difficult to add volume short fiber binding, causes finished product hygrometric state and ripe attitude intensity big, and fragility is big, and viscosity is little, shrinks greatlyyer, with the natural casing performance big gap is arranged; 5. the albumen sausage casing that utilizes adhesive bonding method and sticking sleeve pipe method to produce has its inadaptability in some use occasion.

The objective of the invention is: calibration collagen water content 93 ± 0.5%, shorten collagenous fibres length, reduce collagen viscosity, performances such as its viscosity and intensity are between dry method and wet method, its advantage is: 1. handled thing viscosity is low, and the collagen preparation is easy to carry out, 2. in the typing processing procedure, thickness in the time of can suitably strengthening extrusion molding formalizes in pre-fixing liquid.Rest is more or less freely, and process is easy to carry out; 3. adopt the limit flush away to pre-fix type liquid limit heated drying mode, handled thing intensity is big, dry fixedly to be easy to carry out.4. raw material sources are wide, can use multiple hide and multiple quality hide to make collagen and Collagent casing for sausages, 5. improve albumen sausage casing viscosity, shrinkage, and wet ripe attitude intensity, the albumen sausage casing length of production is long, the convenient use.

The inventive method process comprises: (1) lime treatment hide, hide is softening, reduce hide fiber viscosity and length, (2) cut apart hide frustillatum or little strip, washing, Diluted Acid Washing, remove delime and other impurity, (3) handle hide with diluted acid, swell and make it loosely organized, (4) cladding is cut into dices shape, (5) compressing tablet is pressed into the book sheet with the skin grain, destroys its three-dimensional structure tissue, make and become unordered loose structure between fiber, (7) add water and other auxiliary material at the book sheet stock, stir into the sticky matter that is rich in azelon, (8) remove by filter coarse grain, get homogeneous, be rich in the acid collagen of azelon, (9) acid collagen is extruded into the pipe thing, and (10) pre-fix agent and pre-fix the pipe thing of extruding, the acid in (11) flush away pipe thing, salt, dry fixing, (12) the finished product casing is collected to save and is contracted the post processing of (13) finished product casing.

The inventive method characteristics are: 1. raw material sources are wide, processing procedure is simple, simplified equipment, 2. the compressing tablet process is used two rod formula compressing tablets of pricking, last rod uses has tooth to take root, its profile of tooth is for parabola shaped in the tooth, it at the bottom of tooth top and the tooth garden shape, under prick rod and prick rod with matsurface circle, two prick the rod co-operation, avoided single bundle rod profile of tooth complexity, the shortcoming that required precision is high, 3. use single rotary nozzle in the collagen forming process, direction braiding collagenous fibres are gained in strength in length and breadth, reduce the shower nozzle degree of eccentricity, make extrudate thickness even, 4. pre-fix neutralization with alkaline saline solution after the collagen moulding, the flush away salt is easy, and residual small amounts of salts is little to the casing quality influence, 5. pre-fix the back and pre-fix thing with container collection salt, directly do not link to each other with dryer section, reduce operation easier, 6. the collagen moulding adopts a plurality of shower nozzles to work simultaneously, promptly an extruder while feed is given a plurality of moulding shower nozzles, improve overall manufacturing speed, 7. dryer section is collected with casing and is directly linked to each other, by gathering machine casing aerating in dry tunnel, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and drying when bulging, can obtain saving the pix protein casing after the collection, 8. to contain solid thing few for collagen, can spray thicker extrudate, make things convenient for rest, dry back finished product casing is than book, and 9. prepared albumen sausage casing viscosity is big, does the wet strength height, ripe attitude intensity is low, and thermal contraction is little.

The invention process method:

1, the softening hide of lime places water with the pig cow split skin of buying back, adds the lime of 5%-10%, and softening process needs constantly to stir to stir, or adds behind the lime hide pushed away and be placed under the clammy environment, and the processing time decides on the cortex situation, 10-20 days.

2, cut apart, washing, pickling, hide is divided into fritter or little strip, wash with water to neutrality, wash secondary with PH=3 watery hydrochloric acid again, the severe edema due to hypofunction of the spleen is than 1: 3, wash time 20-30 minute.

3, sour Peng hide that expands: cladding constantly stirs in PH is about 1 dilute hydrochloric acid liquid, and looks acidity and reduce and suitably add certain hydrochloric acid, and keeps pH value, handles that cladding is softening to be cared, and the shape that is translucent is removed acid solution, washes pH value to 3 ± 0.5 with water.

4, pelletizing: cladding is used than the meat machine and is cut into dices after the acidifying, meat mincer dish aperture 4-6MM.

5, compressing tablet: on two bundle rod tablet press machines with pelletizing after the skin grain be pressed into the book sheet, thickness is below 1MM.

6, stir into acid collagen: the compressing tablet material is added water, and acid and additive thereof stir 2-3 hour to even.

7, filter: acid collagen is removed by filter coarse grain under the filter screen of aperture 0.05-0.1MM.

The collagen content index:

Collagen hide collagen 7%

Albumen such as pigskin account for total protein concentration≤30%

Ox-hide albumen accounts for total protein concentration 〉=70%

Methylcellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose 0.1-0.5%

PH value 2.5-3.5

Water surplus

8, extrusion molding: collagen is extruded onto shower nozzle through extruder, by the shower nozzle moulding, for improving extruded velocity, can utilize the synchronous extrusion way of many shower nozzles to carry out, and shower nozzle mainly is made up of two concentric axle sleeves, and one is axis, and two is overcoat, and they are nested together, and it is narrow fluffy to form a circle.Collagen is circular narrow fluffy by this, can be configured as round tube, for increasing product strength, also has a rotating casing in the shower nozzle, and single face braiding collagenous fibres increase product strength.Regulate the shower nozzle axis outer through and outer casing internal diameter get final product the product of different bores and thickness.

9, pre-fix, use alkaline saturated aqueous common salt, pH value 9 ± 1, extrudate is to pre-fixing liquid bath, and it is liquid-solid fixed that the inside and outside chance pre-fixes, the promptly fixing sclerosis of collagen; Through being neutralized to isoelectric points of proteins, favourable sclerosis, extrudate is pre-fixed the liquid external pressure and is pre-fixed the liquid internal pressure by what the shower nozzle axis imported in liquid bath, transfer internal pressure identical with external pressure, extrudate is the bore shower nozzle bore axis bore when promptly keeping ejection directly, pre-fixing firm time should be greater than 4 minute, extremely inside and outside all the sclerosis can be promoted to liquid level, non-return inside pre-fixes liquid, allow its can not with extrudate together to collection container, remove the inner extrudate that pre-fixes liquid and collected clean containers for future use, or can be predrying down 40 ℃-50 ℃ of temperature, but can not be absolutely dry, exceed so that inside is non-caked, be collected in containers for future use, obtain the salt casing.

10, flush away salt, dry fixing: heat drying limit, salt casing limit flush away salt, from collection container, pull out the salt casing in order, should not tie a knot and reverse, dry tunnel is gone in tiling, ventilates from the tunnel other end to the salt casing, drying when swelling, the salt casing moves on jockey wheel, 50 ℃-60 ℃ of temperature, relative temperature 20%-60%, it is surperficial with the clear water flushing that the salt casing is done the back, flush away is salt partly, does not once answer flush away too many, in order to avoid break, the flushing back is dry, after washing several times again,, be dried to half-dried attitude to washing the part of desalting, spoon fixer again, get the finished product albumen sausage casing after the drying.

Fixer is formed: penta=aldehyde 0.1%-0.5%

Glycerine 2.0%-40%

Sodium Benzoate 0.08-0.1%

Water surplus

11, the finished product casing is collected to save and contracted: can therefrom derive after the casing drying in the tunnel, go into gathering machine and collect, gathering machine is by dragging wheel, the ventilation wheel is collected bar, collects wheel, change linkage, aerating mechanism forms, and the gas that feeds casing feeds by collecting the bar mesopore, casing is through dragging wheel, and the ventilation wheel is dragged to the collection bar, promotes through collecting wheel, be collected in and collect on the bar after collect full bar, change another bar, the casing that the bar of changing release to be collected to a direction can obtain into the moral integrity casing that contracts.

12, the processing of finished product casing; According to strength demand, the finished product casing can be handled 5-20 hour for 5% time at 70 ℃ of-90 ℃ of relative humidity 80%-9 of temperature, made casing intensity even, strengthened.

Seven, the inventive method and other method relatively have following characteristics:

1, raw material sources are wide, can use the hide of multiple hide and multiple quality to make albumen sausage casing.

2, adjust suitable collagen viscosity, intensity is so that equipment can be done letter in collagen preparation and the casing preparation section Change, precision and the substantive requirements of form are low.

3, in the processing procedure, pre-fix with dry fixedly operation and separate, process is easy to control.

4, can adopt the same one-step extrusion molding of many shower nozzles in the extrusion molding operation, it is long to extrude length, and finished product length is long, and is easy to use.

5, the acid in and in the collagen, when pre-fixing and wash when pre-fixing liquid and carry out, need not separately in and operation.

6, in the processing procedure, collection, aerating are gone in the casing, joint contracts, and casing carries out synchronously.

7, pivoted housing pipe moulding shower nozzle is executed in use in the processing procedure.

8, prepared finished product albumen sausage casing and meat stuffing caking property are good, are subjected to thermal contraction moderate.

9, the finished product albumen sausage casing of gained is done wet ripe attitude intensity and is easy to adjusting, and it is few to break during use, and eating does not have " slag " sense.

Claims (10)

1, the method for making protein casing by using acid collagen.

2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: use the lime treatment cladding, improve fiber condition in the hide, make it to adapt to the requirement for preparing albumen sausage casing.

3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: collagen mixes to be rubbed in the process, by adding other cohesive material, and rubs the method for leather agent, the viscosity of regulating collagen, and intensity is beneficial to albumen sausage casing and makes.

4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: albumen sausage casing adds fixer under half-dried state, improves casing hygrometric state, ripe attitude intensity, caking property and shrinkage.

5, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt a plurality of moulding shower nozzle of separate unit extruder feed mode to improve manufacturing speed.

6, the compressing tablet process is used two rod compressing tablet mode compressing tablets of pricking, on prick rod and prick rod for tooth is arranged, its profile of tooth be in the tooth for parabola shaped, tooth top be circular, is the circular curve profile of tooth at the bottom of the tooth, following bundle rod is a matsurface circle bundle rod.

7, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: use single rotary sleeve shower nozzle in the manufacturing process, the fiber in the braiding collagen increases handled thing and product strength.

8, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt finished product to collect in the manufacturing process, aerating inflation casing drying becomes moral integrity to contract and is connected as a single entity, and carries out method synchronously and makes albumen sausage casing.

9, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the manufacturing process, in and the acid in the collagen when pre-fixing, carry out, need not to neutralize again when dry.

10, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the manufacturing process, adopt flush away salt limit, limit drying mode to carry out, remove salt and drying.