CN1228015A - Resistive element and calibrated air tube for spirometer - Google Patents

Resistive element and calibrated air tube for spirometer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1228015A
CN1228015A CN 97197370 CN97197370A CN1228015A CN 1228015 A CN1228015 A CN 1228015A CN 97197370 CN97197370 CN 97197370 CN 97197370 A CN97197370 A CN 97197370A CN 1228015 A CN1228015 A CN 1228015A
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China
Prior art keywords
pressure
air hose
spirometer
air
resistance element
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CN 97197370
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Chinese (zh)
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P·J·加扎拉
小J·W·布尔克
M·O·约翰森
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Desert Moon Development LP
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Desert Moon Development LP
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Priority claimed from US08/667,396 external-priority patent/US5743270A/en
Priority claimed from US08/670,192 external-priority patent/US5715831A/en
Application filed by Desert Moon Development LP filed Critical Desert Moon Development LP
Publication of CN1228015A publication Critical patent/CN1228015A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/087—Measuring breath flow
    • A61B5/0876—Measuring breath flow using means deflected by the fluid stream, e.g. flaps

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Measuring Arrangements Characterized By The Use Of Fluids (AREA)
  • Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

The present air tube, preferably calibrated air tube, includes resistive element (22) which is located in the hollow space of the tubular portion (12). This resistive element (22) is adapted for providing a linear resistance versus pressure response, and is sized and adapted to cause a pressure difference or differential as air flows in the hollow space across this element. The preferred calibrated air tube has a pressure response, is useful in a spirometer, and includes a tubular member. Calibration information is associated with the air tube to a model pressure response of a model air tube having substantially the same dimensions and configurations as the air tube.

Description

Be used for the resistance element of spirometer and the air hose of calibration
Background of invention
The present invention relates to resistance element and air hose, and relate to the spirometer that uses this resistance element and air hose for the spirometer use.In more detail, the present invention relates to handle arbitrarily and preferably at least can partly biodegradable resistance element and air hose, relate to the spirometer (preferably differential spirometer) that uses this resistance element and air hose, and relate to and when this disposable air hose uses with spirometer, be used for guaranteeing high-precision collimation technique.
Spirometer is expiration and the air-breathing gas volume and the device of flow that is used for measuring user or patient (for example people).The spirometer of two kinds of general types is measurement volumes and flow respectively.Concerning flow type spirometer, the actual path that is used for measuring flow is a pneumatic tachymeter, and Fleisch is exactly a type of pneumatic tachymeter.These are measured for spirometer user's the physiological Study and the diagnostic analysis of pulmonary function is very important.For example, the effect that is used for treating pneumonopathy or asthma patient's various medicines can be analyzed by volume and the flow of measuring before the drug administration and take the back breath.Several devices that are known as pneumatic tachymeter (for example Fleisch Pneumotach) can have been bought on the market.These devices need lamellated air communication to cross a resistance element.Other spirometer has used complicated more electronic equipment just not need laminar flow.
Measurement by the breath of an element that can produce or cause pressure differential pressure differential or pressure to fall be the ultimate principle of differential spirometer.In this differential spirometer, the accurate configuration of air hose (pneumatic tachymeter) and location the location of the pressure sensor device and the electronic equipment of spirometer (for example with respect to) is very important, so that this measurement can reliably and can be carried out with reappearing.The pneumatic tachymeter of this accurate configuration can at will not handled, and it is long-life made from metal or durable plastics and effective device, degraded that yet can recurring structure after repeatedly using.This device for example can recognize from people's such as Waterson United States Patent (USP) 5137026, and the content of this patent is done as a wholely to be combined in herein by reference.
Because most of spirometers relate to breath are directly entered the gauge from user's respiratory system, use the serious problem of this device to be, if two patients use same spirometer, pollution will be passed to another patient from a patient.In order to overcome this pollution problem, various methods have been proposed.A kind of popular especially method is to use an accessible running-on and/or biofilter to be placed on above the inlet that leads to spirometer.Use the patient of this vital capacity only to contact, thereby can avoid polluting the remainder of this device at least in theory with this running-on and/or biofilter.The shortcoming of this method comprises that the price comparison of this running-on/filter is expensive and efficient this device is lower.
Another method that overcomes this pollution problem is to contacting with the user and/or the part of the spirometer of breath carries out disinfection between twice use of patient.The shortcoming of this method comprises and need spend additional funds on the sterilizing equipment decontaminating apparatus and the energy, needs the operation and the usefulness of monitoring sterilizing equipment decontaminating apparatus, and needs to buy durable and expensive spirometer so that stand sterilisation step.
The 3rd method that has proposed is to use accessible spirometer element.This element for example can be from people's such as Norlien United States Patent (USP) 5038773; People's such as Acorn United States Patent (USP) 5305762; The United States Patent (USP) Des.272184 of Karpowicz; People's such as Boehringer United States Patent (USP) 4807641; And recognize in people's such as Bieganski the United States Patent (USP) 4905709.This above-mentioned accessible spirometer element is usually with durable plastics or medical metal manufacturing, even thereby they be accessible, the expense of producing this element also is quite high.In addition, this accessible element is for example because they are to use durable and long-life material to make, and comparatively is difficult to handle.
But forbidden owing to for example relate to quality Control up to now, with a kind of low cost and/or the comparatively cheap spirometer element of biodegradable material manufacture always.The general industry design instruction requires high-quality spirometer element, and the quality of these elements may be owing to they be made into biodegradable the reduction, and for example the position of these elements in spirometer just may throw into question.For example, the position of the resistance element in each air hose may influence the performance of whole spirometer.Resistance element should be arranged to normal direction or vertical configuration usually with respect to the inwall of air hose, in addition, also should accurately be positioned at the pre-position of two opposite ends that leave air hose.The resistance element of technology can not show linear resistance-rating curve usually now.In more detail, be configured to the resistance element that has good resistance under big flow and can not suitably move under low discharge usually, on the other hand, the resistance element that is configured to operational excellence under low discharge can not provide ideal resistance under big flow.Therefore, as the existing durable plastic material of prior art or the alternative of biodegradable element not, any probability of making a kind of comparatively cheap spirometer be it seems will be owing to relating to manufacturing and performance issue is damaged.These manufacturing issues comprise it may being discordance between the various accessible biodegradable spirometer element of producing on the assembly line, comprise the performance variation between the vital capacity element that causes owing to these discordances subsequently in addition.
When these elements are assembled in together or after putting into spirometer, inconsistent may the increasing between them.For example, a through hole of air hose may accurately not made, and the position of this through hole in spirometer that takes place subsequently causes unusual low pressure reading owing to the gas around pressure port leaks.As another example, the position of resistance element in air hose can not be accurate between each assembly parts, and therefore, precision problem also is the common problem in existing not biodegradable durable plastic material or hardware.So, provide a kind of can guarantee from the high workload quality between the various spirometer elements of assembly line and concordance and with this spirometer element be metal, plastics or deny biodegradable irrelevant device will be very favourable.
A typical resistance element of spirometer comprises a disc part with a macropore by its center.The resistance element of other of prior art can comprise the disc part that mesh material is made.Other prior-art devices is included in a rhombus window of the central part formation of this disc part.This rhombus window is fixed on the part of disc part and is suitable for opening and closing all size or degree according to gas flow.
The resistance element of the prior art of being made by net is because the cause that moisture content in calling out from patient and expectorant cause mesh to stop up generally can become inoperative or inaccuracy.The prior art resistance element that comprises a rhombus window is effective to a certain extent under the little airflow flow, but can not provide resistance-pressure characteristic in full force and effect under big and two kinds of situations of low discharge.
Therefore, provide and to have linear characteristic curve and can be by economic, convenient and produce effectively and the spirometer and the spirometer element that use will be very favourable.
The invention brief introduction
New for resistance element that uses in the spirometer and air hose (preferably Jiao Zhun pipe) and comprise that the spirometer of this resistance element and air hose has been found that.Resistance element of the present invention and air hose are disposable, therefore just they are taken out from spirometer and eliminate after a patient uses.This resistance element and air hose almost completely can biodegradations, and they can be made economically and can produce stable high performance nature curve.
Term " biodegradable " used herein " for example be in commonly used burying under the condition as long as be meant this element or material; generally be no more than 5 years; then be no more than 3 years smoothly, be no more than under the most smooth situation 1 year just can be by nature bioprocess for example microbial action resolve into and more can be composition that environment accepts for example carbon dioxide, water and methane etc.
Make this resistance element and air hose become biodegradable element and have significant advantage.At first, when this resistance element and air hose were eliminated, the burden that this garbage causes environment was with respect to for example those are to have reduced with conventional plastics or metal not biodegradable air hoses.In addition, because this resistance element and air hose are biodegradable, they can be made with the material of cheap and abundanter (having bought easily).Therefore, resistance element of the present invention and air hose are comparatively cheap, and are convenient to carry out line production production.Any difference of air hose at size, shape and aspect of performance considered in the calibration of air hose subsequently.
Because resistance element of the present invention and air hose can be made economically, replace the work of old air hose will can not produce the remarkable economical influence so finish with a new air hose.In addition, the replacement in spirometer of resistance element of the present invention and air hose is very convenient.These advantages have promoted operator's compliance to be, spirometer operator (patient of for example careful supplier or operation spirometer) very may change resistance element of the present invention and air hose after each patient or each treatment, thereby has reduced and polluted and the danger of spread disease (for example tuberculosis and other respiratory disorders, AIDS and other systems aging etc.).
Use the spirometer of air hose of the present invention (preferably Jiao Zhun air hose) can under situation about reduce polluting, provide cost low, reliable and can reproduce the measured value of (from an air hose to another air hose) user's pulmonary function.Briefly, disposable biodegradable resistance element of the present invention and air hose (preferably Jiao Zhun air hose) are cheap and reach qualified required precision (to the reproducibility energy) easily, it is effectively and reliably in use, thereby and it can be accepted or safe mode is handled the pollution that use was caused that has reduced by spirometer easily and effectively with a kind of environment.
A main aspect of the present invention relates to can be for the air hose that uses in the spirometer.Air hose of the present invention comprises a barrel portion, and this barrel portion defines a unlimited inlet, a preferably opposed unlimited outlet and a cavity betwixt.The size of barrel portion is suitable for removably being connected the outer of spirometer and puts.Air hose is disposable, and promptly it can take off or separate and be eliminated and need not to remove overcoat from spirometer.Preferably whole substantially barrel portions all are biodegradable.The size of the inlet that opens wide is suitable for being contained in user's the mouth of spirometer.Therefore, the zone of the barrel portion of inlet that opens wide and the close inlet that should open wide just is used as a running-on of spirometer, therefore uses the user of spirometer or patient just can directly by the inlet that opens wide expiration be entered in the air hose.When using air hose of the present invention, do not need (the comparison costliness) independent and/or special shape running-on/filter.
Air hose of the present invention comprises a resistance element that is positioned at the cavity of barrel portion.The size of this resistance element causes a pressure differential or pressure to fall and be suitable for providing the flow-pressure characteristic curve of a linearity in the time of should be able to working as gas in the cavity by this element.This characteristic curve carries out linearisation with software subsequently.Resistance element comprises that one has first plane and the second planar planar section and the parameter that this first plane is connected with second plane.In planar section, be formed centrally a hole, be used for first plane is connected with second plane.A plurality of slits radially stretch out from this hole in planar section, have formed a plurality of French sashes thus in planar section.Each slit comprises a center-side and a far-end.Resistance element also comprises a plurality of recessed hinges.Each recessed hinge is connected with the far-end of a slit, and is substantially perpendicular to the axis extension of this slit.The sum of recessed hinge equates with the sum of slit.
According to an aspect of the present invention, recessed hinge and slit form the French sash of arrowhead form.Each French sash comprises a point, and this point points to the center of plane institution movement, and an eck, and this eck is controlled the flexibility of this window.Bigger eck reduces the flexibility of French sash, and less eck increases the flexibility of French sash.Resistance element has the pressure-responsive of an approximately linear in per second zero rises to the range of flow of 15 liters of per seconds.
According to another aspect of the present invention, air hose is made of one first pipe, second pipe and a sleeve pipe.This first pipe has a near-end, a far-end and one first diameter.Equally, this second pipe has a near-end, a far-end and one and approximately equalised second diameter of first diameter.The near-end of resistance element and first pipe and the far-end of second pipe contact and have one with approximately equalised the 3rd diameter of first diameter.Sleeve pipe contacts with the near-end of first pipe and the far-end of second pipe.Sleeve pipe has one and the approximately equalised internal diameter of first diameter, and also has the external diameter greater than first diameter.In second pipe, form a through hole.This through hole directly leads in the cavity that is limited by the pipe assembly and with resistance element and separates a distance.This through hole provides between the pressure sensor module of cavity and the spirometer of pipe assembly and has been communicated with.The pressure sensor module of spirometer is compared the pressure in the cavity with atmospheric pressure.
The barrel portion of air hose of the present invention and resistance element preferentially comprise Biodegradable material, preferably 99% biodegradable material.Preferred biodegradable structural material comprises cardboard, paper, biodegradable polymeric material etc. and their mixture.In a useful especially embodiment, barrel portion is to make with cardboard or paper or its mixture, preferably makes by being similar to those methods that are used for producing the paper tube that is wound with washroom paper on it routinely.This production method generally includes makes cardboard or paper tube earlier on a plug or similar tool, then the pipe of this gained is cut into desired length.At barrel portion is under the situation about making with biodegradable polymeric, and this pipe can be made by the polymer in-mold compression technology of routine.
Resistance element is arranged on the relevant position of barrel portion, makes that the pressure differential under the given any gas flow that passes through resistance element all is identical from an air hose to another air hose.Resistance element preferably is positioned at the transverse direction of the longitudinal axis of barrel portion.Resistance element can be by being set at resistance element bonding (for example using biodegradable binding agent) on the barrel portion on the inwall of barrel portion or by two independent pipeline sections of barrel portion and the resistance element between them are linked together.Be used for also can using additive method or technology that resistance element is arranged on the barrel portion.Best, for the structure and the shape of the resistance element that in identical spirometer, uses the air hose of the present invention design substantially the same, thereby do not need spirometer is done calibration or other adjustment because air hose can be with another air hose replacement.
In a most preferred embodiment, air hose of the present invention also comprises a positioner or auxiliary device, and this device is suitable for matching so that air hose is correctly located with respect to the overcoat of spirometer with the overcoat of spirometer.Any suitable positioner can use so that air hose correctly is orientated with respect to the overcoat of spirometer, during the through hole that for example makes air hose is correctly relative with the pressure sensor device of spirometer.
In a certain embodiments, this positioner comprises a recess, and the size and dimension of this recess is suitable for matching with an outer projection that puts of spirometer.In another certain embodiments, this positioner comprises a locating hole in barrel portion, and the positioning convex that the size and dimension in this hole is suitable in the overcoat with spirometer matches.This is a useful especially embodiment, because this locating hole can easily be placed in the barrel portion of air hose.In addition, because the overcoat of the spirometer polymer element of a mold pressing normally, positioning convex can be easily in the spirometer overcoat.
Air hose of the present invention can closely be engaged in the unlimited cavity that the trocar sheath by spirometer limits, and makes that the through hole of barrel portion is correctly relative with the pressure sensor device of spirometer.For the centering that guarantees that this is correct, the projection of overcoat can be placed in the recess of barrel portion in this wise, make barrel portion through hole correctly with the pressure sensor device of spirometer centering correctly.
A suction cup shape contact surface of pressure sensor device closely cooperates around through hole.Tightness degree in the cooperation of air hose between the trocar sheath of spirometer has guaranteed the centering that air hose could use and can not destroy through hole/pressure sensor apparatus with spirometer.After the use, air hose can take out from the spirometer trocar sheath and replace with a new air hose with comparalive ease.
Air hose of the present invention can design with the existing spirometer of a repacking of structure Cheng Nengyu or use for the spirometer of building with this air hose specially.The length that makes barrel portion is useful especially greater than the overcoat length of spirometer, like this can be so that barrel portion at least one barrel portion of reaching the element of spirometer removably connects the outside of end thereon in use.This feature is very attractive for the excess contamination of the spirometer overcoat that the user who prevents by spirometer causes.Therefore, just flow through barrel portion by patient expired gas and can not take place serious or contact closely with the overcoat of spirometer.
Provide new spirometer at of the present invention another aspect main.Spirometer of the present invention comprises an overcoat, an air hose that illustrated in this article, a pressure sensor device, this device is placed on the position relative with the through hole of air hose so that experience the pressure of this through hole, and electronic installation, this device is connected with pressure sensor device, so that send signal (the preferably signal of telecommunication) and be presented at the pressure experienced the through hole and the pressure reduction between the atmospheric pressure.Electronic installation can be arranged in the overcoat or can be placed on the position away from overcoat.For example, this overcoat can be a hand-held assembly, and this part for example can be connected with an electronic data processing equipment that comprises the essential part of electronic installation of the present invention by electric wire, cable or radio frequency (RF) path.Another way is that this electronic installation can be arranged in the overcoat of spirometer fully, thereby forms the device of a complete autonomous type.
Though many features of the present invention are described respectively, more cross one or all these features and can in various combinations, use, as long as these features are coordinated mutually and all these combinations all within the scope of the invention.Above-mentioned feature and advantage with other of the present invention will be presented in following detailed description and claims, particularly under the situation that (identical parts have identical label among the figure) considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the side view of spirometer of the present invention, there is shown to leave a part of electronic unit that handheld apparatus is provided with;
Figure 1A is the front view that is shown in the spirometer of Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 is the exploded view of air hose of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of air hose of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the top plan view of resistance element of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the preceding top view (using perspective representation) that the part of the air hose that uses in the spirometer in Fig. 1 cuts;
Fig. 6 is the sketch map of spirometer of the present invention;
Fig. 6 A is substantially along the cross-sectional view of the 6A-6A line of Fig. 6 intercepting;
Fig. 7 is substantially along the cross-sectional view of the 7-7 line of Fig. 1 intercepting;
Fig. 8 is the side view of an alternative embodiment of spirometer of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the lateral side view of the spirometer among Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is the perspective view of bar code read assembly that the spirometer of this present most preferred embodiment is shown;
Figure 11 is the circuit diagram of instrumentation that the bar code read assembly of Figure 10 is shown;
Figure 12 is the sketch map that is used for accepting from the bar code label of most preferred embodiment of the present invention the light sensitive diode linear array of light;
Figure 13 is used for light is focused on the perspective view of the selfoc lens array of most preferred embodiment light sensitive diode linear array of the present invention; And
Figure 14 and Figure 15 are the perspective views of the spirometer of most preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing describes in detail
Referring to Fig. 1 and 1A, the spirometer of representing totally by label 10 of the present invention comprises 12, one overcoats 14 of nonrecoverable biodegradable air hose and electronic-controlled installation 16.Spirometer 10 is this instruments that are commonly referred to differential spirometer, and generally speaking, it carries out work with the working method that is similar to disclosed spirometer in people's such as above-mentioned Waterson United States Patent (USP) 5137026.
Come air hose 12 is described referring to Fig. 2 and 3 below.Air hose 12 comprises first pipeline section 18, second pipeline section 20 and banded penstock 21.Resistance element 22 is assemblied between first pipeline section 18 and second pipeline section 20.Air hose 12 and resistance element 22 preferably all are approximate 99% biodegradable materials.Pipeline section 18,20 and 21 all is to make with biodegradable ivory board or ground paper, for example makes to make similar method with the routine of cardboard tube with washroom thin paper or like product.The preferably all glossiness coating of pipeline section 18,20 and 21.Resistance element 22 preferably includes the biodegradable material with good memory characteristic.Embody as present embodiment, resistance element 22 comprises a kind of Nomex (Nomex) material.Perhaps, the material of resistance element 22 can comprise any nylon or other materials that dampness is had certain resistance.Embody as present embodiment, the thickness of resistance element 22 is about 0.03 inch, but also can use other thickness according to design parameter.
At first resistance element 22 is fixed on first pipeline section 18 or second pipeline section 20, then another pipeline section 18 or 20 is fixed on the resistance element 22.Preferably use a kind of biodegradable binding agent.As employed at present, the external diameter of first pipeline section 18 equates with the external diameter of second pipeline section 20, and the external diameter of resistance element 22 equates with the external diameter of first pipeline section 18.
The external diameter approximately equal of the internal diameter of banded penstock 21 and first pipeline section 18, banded penstock 21 are suitable for being assemblied on first pipeline section 18 and second pipeline section 20.Though preferably use binding agent for resistance element 22 is fixed between first pipeline section and second pipeline section, banded penstock 21 also is enough to resistance element 22 is fixed between first pipeline section 18 and second pipeline section 20 individually in the frictional fit closely on first pipeline section 18 and second pipeline section 20.
When banded penstock 21 correctly is fixed on first pipeline section 18 and above second pipeline section 20 time, the end 23 of banded penstock 21 flushes with the end 25 of first pipeline section 18.In addition, recess 27 preferably with hole 24 centrings of second pipeline section, the end that this recess is preferably in banded penstock 21 is made of a semicircle of going out.The hole 24 of second pipeline section 20 preferably is made of a hole of going out on second pipeline section 20.Recess 27 and/or hole 24 can or be made on the banded penstock 21 and/or second pipeline section 20 after the assembling before three 18,20 and 21 are assembled.Behind three 18,20 and 21 assemblings, the space (Fig. 3) of the hollow of air hose 12 is just directly led in hole 24.
Fig. 3 shows the air hose 12 that is under the confined state.Although three structures of air hose 12 are at present more desirable, yet for example still can be replaced by a single tube for these three 18,20 and 21, and/or resistance element 22 can be fixed in the ring (not shown) that is inserted in single tube inside.
Fig. 4 shows the top plan view of the resistance element 22 of most preferred embodiment of the present invention.Resistance element 22 comprises a centre bore 32 and a plurality of slit 34 that radially stretches out from centre bore 32.The every pair of adjacent slit 34 forms a French sash 36, and it is as arrowhead form of formation that the embodiment of the invention embodied.Each sagittate French sash 36 comprises that its position is near the point of centre bore 32 and its position eck 38 away from centre bore 32.Embody as the embodiment of the invention, resistance element 22 comprises eight French sashes 36, but the more or less French sash 36 of number also can use according to the difference of design parameter.The width of each eck 38 is being controlled the flexibility of corresponding French sash 36.Bigger eck 38 provides less flexibility for corresponding French sash 36, and less eck 38 then provides bigger flexibility for corresponding French sash 36.
The patient that an end of air hose 12 is gone in air-blowing can produce the air-flow by resistance element 22, and this air-flow gas flow that can comprise is between per second zero is to 16 liters usually.The resistance that is provided by resistance element 22 should be approximate linear in theory between these gas with various flows.The resistance element of prior art, for example by one wherein have single hole disk constituted, the linear relationship that do not have the pressure versus flow amount.The disc resistance element that has under the flow of 12 liters of approximate per seconds less than the prior art of the good resistance of every liter 1.5 cm of water of per second for example will no longer have good resistance under lower flow.More precisely, the disc resistance element of this routine will have very little resistance under low discharge, and this is unacceptable.
Resistance element 22 of the present invention has used the French sash 36 of the uniqueness with eck 38, and this French sash can be designed to satisfy the resistance requirement of resistance element 22 under various flows by ingenious.Resistance element 22 of the present invention can be suitable for providing the desirable resistance less than every liter 1.5 cm of water of per second under the flow of 12 liters of approximate per seconds, but compare with the disc resistance element of routine, resistance element 22 of the present invention still can provide good resistance under low discharge.In general, in flow was in per second zero scope between to 16 liters, resistance element 22 can both provide the flow-drag characteristic curve of very good approximately linear.Under big flow, thereby French sash 36 is opened the good resistance that provides not too big widely.Under low discharge, it is very little that French sash 36 is opened, thereby not too little good resistance is provided.
According to most preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle between two slits 34 is approximately 45 degree, and the width that each slit 34 has is about 0.02 inch.The width that is used for controlling the vertical hinge part 37 of eck 38 width is about 0.04 inch.The diameter of resistance element 22 is preferably 0.005 inch of 1.09 inches plus-minus, and it is about 0.005 inch of 0.625 inch plus-minus at a line 39 and a width between another line 41 that passes slit 34 of dividing a French sash 36 equally.
A key character of resistance element 22 of the present invention is to provide resistance to low discharge, because common unsound patient can not produce big flow.Described resistance element also can play a part good under big flow.Therefore resistance element 22 can under various flows, provide good resistance and with this patient be in exhale or suction condition irrelevant.
Referring to Fig. 5, air hose 12 comprises a unlimited inlet 46 and a unlimited outlet 48.The size that centers on the area of the inlet 46 that opens wide should be suitable for putting into disease population.The patient who uses spirometer 10 (Fig. 1) is by putting into zone 46 mouth and the cavity 30 of gas incoming call air hose 12 has been used this orifice region.
Turn back to Fig. 1, when needs use air hose 12, should untie its packing and it is connected with overcoat 14.Specifically, air hose 12 is connected with trocar sheath 51.Trocar sheath 51 comprises a tongue piece 52 in the recess 27 (Fig. 2) that is suitable for being contained in air hose 12.Air hose 12 is being put into before the trocar sheath 51, with recess 27 and hole 24 (Fig. 2) centering, embodied as present embodiment earlier, this recess passes through user's centering manually before in inserting trocar sheath 51.After recess 27 and hole 24 centerings, hole 24 will be relative with pressure-sensitive bar 76 in, as shown in Figure 6.In more detail, the joint of pressure-sensitive bar 76 preferably has the shape of suction cup 77, and this joint centers on hole 24 assemblings so that form an air-tight fit.The joint 77 of suction cup shape preferably is made of silicone rubber or vinyl and is suitable for forming a good cooperation around hole 24, has reduced any leakage at this contact surface place thus.Therefore, patient's breathing will can not import in the pressure-sensitive bar 76, thereby avoid the pollution to pressure-sensitive bar 76.
The recess of air hose 12 be placed in particularly be placed on the centering tongue piece 52 in the trocar sheath 51 after, the end 23 of sleeve pipe 21 should flush with the end of trocar sheath 51.At this moment, spirometer 10 has just been carried out the preparation of using, and should note the length of the length of air hose 12 greater than trocar sheath 51, thereby when air hose correctly is connected on the trocar sheath, air hose will reach the outside of an end of trocar sheath.This long air hose 12 has reduced the effective danger that contacts and it is polluted from air with the trocar sheath of spirometer user exhalation.
Fig. 6 shows the general work principle of total spirometer of representing with label 10.Be below after air hose 12 correctly is provided with respect to pressure-sensitive bar 76 and locatees, the general remark of the operation principle of this spirometer 10.After the general introduction that general work is provided, will be described in more detail calibration steps of the present invention and equipment.This general remark is applicable to any spirometer of the present invention, and for example spirometer 10.Through hole 24 (Fig. 2) is connected with pressure-sensitive bar 76.As the another kind of protector to polluting, pressure-sensitive bar 76 can be equipped with a filter, but it is optional.Pressure-sensitive bar 76 or " measurement " formula pressure transducer 80 differential with is connected, and this pick off for example can be that the trade mark of being sold by motorola inc is the product of MPX 2020D.Pressure transducer 80 produces electric signal on a pair of output lead 82 and 84, this signal magnitude and the pressure differential between pressure-sensitive bar 76 and detected atmospheric pressure are in direct ratio.This signal amplifies by a differential amplifier level 86, is admitted to then in the analogue-to-digital converters 88, and this transducer converts the output signal of amplifier to digital signal.
Output signal from transducer 88 is admitted in the microprocessor 90, and this microprocessor is the part of electronic-controlled installation 16.Microprocessor 90 uses by the calibration data that encoding information provided on air hose 12 and with algorithm in being stored in read only memory (ROM) 92 and combines, signal from transducer 88 is carried out some calculating and demonstrate the end product of calibration on display 94, for example volume and flow etc., display can adopt the monitor of a routine for example or LCD assembly etc.Little processing 90 can be by power supply 91 power supply, and this power supply for example is the battery or the adapter that can be coupled or be connected with the electric lines of force voltage between lines of routine.Firing switch 96 can start working spirometer by microprocessor 90.Result during each the measurement can be stored in the random-access memory (ram) 98 so that quote in the future.An input/output port (I/O) 100 can also be set, to be used for changing the programming of microprocessor 90.In addition, can carry out programming like this, make it when being subjected to instructing, can import the result who is stored among the RAM98 in a printer or the computer by input/output port 100 (I/O) microprocessor 90.The further details of work of the spirometer of a relevant routine are provided in people's such as Waterson the United States Patent (USP) 5137026.Be through with after seance or the diagnosis practice when patient uses spirometer 10, should take off biodegradable air hose 12 and it is disposed from trocar sheath in a kind of mode of Environmental security of protecting.
As shown in Fig. 1 and 1A, overcoat 14 should be configured to and can be held in user's a hands.For example, the handle 102 of overcoat 14 should be configured to and be convenient to holding with a firm grip of hands.In addition, to hold this device convenient so that use to be provided with finger-type groove 104.
Comprise at this embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and the 1A and to be arranged on the electronic-controlled installation 16 of holding overcoat 14 inside.By cable 106 electronic-controlled installation is communicated with outer computer or printer, this cable can use the socket 105 on overcoat 14 to be connected with transducer, and this socket for example can be a kind of RJ-11 quick connect receptacle of routine.Adopt as present institute is preferential, can also electronic-controlled installation is communicated with outer computer or printer by an additional infrared ray related data (IRDA) transporter, this transporter be a conventional equipment and can works between overcoat 14 and outer computer or printer.Electronic-controlled installation in overcoat 14 is preferably powered by set of cells (for example Chang Gui rechargeable nickel-cadmium cell).If use battery-poweredly, overcoat 14 should comprise the hole that can charge to set of cells by it.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and the 1A, microprocessor 90 can be the microprocessor of a special use, and this machine comprises that a special configuration becomes to be suitable for to control the translucent overlapping key mat of the work of spirometer.Perhaps, microprocessor 90 can be parts of general personal computer that comprise life size keyboard, video-frequency monitor, hard disk drive and printer.The microprocessor of this special use is particularly advantageous, because it is fairly simple, cost is low and easy to use.In addition, as shown in Figure 1A, the handle 102 of overcoat 14 comprises a tapering part 107, and it for example helps overcoat placed and remain on the plane between twice use.
Is useful at the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and the 1A as a brand-new spirometer, perhaps can use air hose 12 and overcoat 12 to upgrade an existing spirometer.For example, an existing spirometer comprises a hand-held device, this hand-held device comprises a permanent air tube, pressure-sensitive bar, a pressure transducer, an amplifier and analogue-to-digital converters, this spirometer with one to be connected with the dedicated control device that the similar mode of control electronics 16 works basically.As long as replace existing hand-held device with overcoat 14 with the parts that are connected on the coat or be arranged in this overcoat simply, the spirometer of a renewal has just produced, and this spirometer has many advantages of the present invention.Fig. 7 shows from the cross-sectional view of the spirometer 10 of Fig. 1 of the 7-7 line intercepting of Fig. 1.
Another embodiment of spirometer has been shown among Fig. 8 and 9.What this spirometer was total represents with label 210, and except the content that herein specially illustrates, it is constructed in a kind of mode that is similar to spirometer 10.With label that the parts of the corresponding spirometer 210 of the parts of vital capacity 10 have is that corresponding label adds 200.
Main difference between spirometer 210 and the spirometer 10 relates to the shape of air hose 212 and the shape of trocar sheath 251.Except be provided with two locating holes 107 and 108 near outlet 248 zones of opening wide, the structure of air hose 212 is similar with air hose 12 basically.
Trocar sheath 251 is configured to as the carriage of an air hose 212 rather than is enclosed in the outside of air hose 212 as trocar sheath 51.In addition, trocar sheath 251 comprise two upwardly extending protruding 109 and 110, this projection is arranged on when air hose 212 is connected with trocar sheath 251 respectively the position that can be held by locating hole 107 and 108.Along with projection 109 and 110 matches with locating hole 107 and 108 or is held by it, hole 224 (not shown) just with pressure-sensitive bar 276 (not shown) centering correctly.
As shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the translucent overlapping key mat 112 of microprocessor 90 is arranged on the handle 302 of overcoat 214.In addition, this embodiment preferably includes bigger ROM, and display 94 is placed on the overcoat 214 of translucent overlapping key mat 112 belows.In spirometer 210, power supply 91 is set of cells, Chang Gui rechargeable nickel-cadmium cell for example, and be placed in the overcoat 214.Hole 114 on the overcoat 214 is applicable to provide between the battery charger of set of cells 91 and a routine and is communicated with, when needing with box lunch to batteries charging.Overcoat 214 also has I/O (I/O) mouthfuls 100 when needs when another installs from electronic circuit 111 inputs information, the transmission that this I/O port can be provided convenience between microprocessor 90 and computer or printer.The same with the embodiment of Fig. 1, an IRDA optical aperture also is engaged on the handle 302.Spirometer 210 be one can be by the autonomous device of single patient operation.
In order to operate spirometer 210, should be connected air hose 212 on the trocar sheath 251, make projection 109 and 110 match respectively with locating hole 107 and 108.Patient just can start a switch on translucent overlapping key mat 112 and use spirometer 210 to make needed any treatment and/or diagnosis algorithm then.When needs air hose 212 when trocar sheath 251 is taken off, as long as the extraction and can discarding simply from the trocar sheath 251 of biodegradable air hose 212 in the mode that a kind of environmental conservation is permitted.
Please referring again to Fig. 6, character recognition device 304 is arranged in the overcoat 14 of spirometer 10.Character recognition device 304 preferably includes a device that is used for discerning banded bar code.Character recognition device 304 is set in the overcoat 14 so that the character sequence of putting on overcoat 14 backs and the air hose 12 at air hose 12 306 (preferably ribbon font code) aligns.According to the present invention, the information relevant with air hose 12 is coded in the character sequence 306.This encoding information is read by character recognition device 304, and is sent to transducer 88 by transmission line 308, and then is sent in the microprocessor 90.Transducer 88 preferably includes 8 input channels.In 8 input channels, two passages are used for accepting the signal of pressure transducer 80, and passage is used for accepting the pressure of flow duct and passage and is used for nose and presses and measure (nose air pressure).As shown in this embodiment, character recognition device 304 is arranged in the overcoat 14 of spirometer 10 so that automatically read character sequence 306, but also can manually carry out this work from character sequence 306 sense informations.For example can be arranged on the human-readable character that goes out immediately following back in character sequence 306.In addition, from character sequence 306 sense informations can according to the selection in when design it be placed on each read with spirometer 10 before, among or finish afterwards.
Character recognition device 304 is preferably a kind of to be applicable to the optical character recognition device of reading bar code character sequence 306, but also can select other the information transmission technology to carry out.For example can use technology such as magnetic character recognition, the identification of optical alphanumeric character, optical Symbol recognition, as long as can the calibration information relevant with air hose 12 be transferred in the microprocessor 90.Preferably, character recognition device 304 comprises a linear array that is used for discerning bar code.
Fig. 6 A shows along the cross-sectional view of the 6A-6A line intercepting of Fig. 6.As shown in this embodiment, light source 310 projects on the character sequence 306 on the surface that is configured in air hose 12 along the steering handle light of arrow A 1.As shown in this embodiment, character sequence 306 comprises a bar code label, and perhaps another way is, bar code is printed directly on the air hose 12.From the light of light source 310 along the direction of arrow A 2 from character sequence 306 reflections and enter the selfoc lens array 313.The light that sends from selfoc lens array 313 is focused the linear array 315 of photodiode subsequently.The linear array of this photodiode produces an electrical output, and this signal is discerned the calibration information that is included in the character sequence 306 by microprocessor 90 (Fig. 6) then subsequently by transducer 88 interpretations.According to this most preferred embodiment, between the linear array 315 of light source 310 and selfoc lens array 313 and photodiode, be provided with a wedge shape black plastic support 318.This wedge shape black plastic support 318 is applicable to these three parts 310,313 and 315 fixed thereon, so that the correct centering in the overcoat 14 of spirometer 10.
The perspective view of the character recognition device 304 of this most preferred embodiment has been shown among Figure 10.The light that penetrates from light source 310 is focused on the character sequence 306 that is configured on the air hose 12.Reflected light is accepted by selfoc lens array 313, and as shown in this embodiment, this array is configured to form an angle 321 that is similar to 45 ° with light source 310.Light source 310 and selfoc lens array 313 all have a segment length, and they are parallel to the scanning center's line 323 that passes this character sequence 306 substantially.
The linear array 315 of photodiode is configured to parallel with selfoc lens array 313 substantially, and is applicable to from this selfoc lens array 313 and accepts focused light.Extraneous light baffle plate 325 be configured in a part of selfoc lens array 313 above, another extraneous light baffle plate 327 be configured in photodiode linear array 315 above.
Figure 13 shows the clamp connected light baffle plate 325 that is suitable for holding selfoc lens array 313 of this most preferred embodiment.Light baffle plate 325 preferably is made of black plastic, it can frictionally be engaged in selfoc lens array 313 around and/or use adhesive on this array.Another way is that the selection during according to design also can be used the less light baffle technology of cost.Referring to Fig. 6 A, as mentioned above, light source 310 and selfoc lens array 313 and preferably also have photodiode linear array 315 all to be configured on the wedge shape black plastic support 318.This wedge shape black plastic support 318 provides correct angle between light source 310 and selfoc lens array 313 and photodiode linear array 315.Wedge shape black plastic support 318 also help light source 310, selfoc lens array 313 and photodiode 315 mutually between and and air hose 12 between keep correct distance.This wedge shape black plastic support preferably is made of black, so that suppress the reflection of light.Total conjugation focal length 333 of selfoc lens array 313 is measured to the target surface of character sequence 306 from a sensitization inner surface of photodiode pipeline array 315, is about 9.4 millimeters.As shown in this embodiment, selfoc lens array 313 comprises a Selfoc  lens arra of being made by Japanese Nippon Sheet Glass company limited.Selfoc lens array 313 is arranged on the centre position between photodiode linear array 315 and the character sequence 306, thereby makes photodiode linear array 315 and character sequence 306 all be in the focal position of selfoc lens array 313.As shown in this embodiment, the distance of the position of selfoc lens array 313 and character sequence 306 is 2.5 millimeters, also is 2.5 millimeters with the distance of photodiode linear array 315.
When character sequence 306 during, be transferred in the photodiode linear array 315 by selfoc lens array 313 along about this part picture intelligences of 1 mm wide of centrage 323 these character sequences 306 of character sequence by light source 310 irradiation.As shown in this embodiment, there is the length of focusing lens array 313 to be about 18 to 20 millimeters, and comprises single lens 336.The length of selfoc lens array 313 preferably is slightly larger than the length (this length is about 16 millimeters) of photodiode linear array 315, guaranteeing that overall optical electric diode linear array 315 can both the acceptance pattern picture signals, for the alignment error of plus-minus-millimeter of allowing selfoc lens array and/or the damage of end lens create conditions.The typical label 339 and 340 of two focuses (they illustrate not in scale) of lens 336 separately of selfoc lens array 313 illustrates.
It is the intelligent optical pickocff of TSL 215 that photodiode linear array 315 preferably includes a model of being produced by U.S. Texas Instruments company, and comprises the array of one 128 charge mode pixel in 128 * 1 linear array.Because easy to use and other reasons, photodiode linear array 315 is more desirable than charge-coupled device (CCD).Photodiode linear array 315 comprises the holding circuit that whole clock generator, analog output buffer, sampling and CCD circuit also need.Focus 340 is located to focus on for for example can be under the end face of photodiode linear array 315 about one millimeter.
As shown in this embodiment, except extraneous light baffle plate 327, transparent Plastic Package 344 be arranged on photosensitive surface 346 above, as shown in Figure 12.Scanning center's line 323 is projected onto on the photosensitive surface 346 to be represented with line 348.Embody as present embodiment, focus 340 (Figure 10) is on about one millimeter photosensitive surface 346 of locating and being projected onto this array under the end face of this transparent Plastic Package 344.
After light source 310 was started by microprocessor 90 (Fig. 6), light just projected on the photosensitive surface 346 of photodiode linear array 315.As shown in Figure 11, microprocessor 90 uses " luminous-as to connect " holding wire 350 to start light source 310, and this holding wire is connected with one of microprocessor 90 parallel hole pin 352.Embody as present embodiment, light source 310 comprises that about 45 millis may moral draw the 4 element light emitting diode matrixs of (lumen/steradian), and its wavelength is about 635 millimicrons and be approximately a Lambertian source.According to the present invention, light source 310 is subjected to the bias voltage at 20 milliamperes of electric currents of intermediary two electric lights and 25 milliamperes of electric currents of end electric light, thereby provides uniform illumination along character sequence 306.Light source 310 provides the illumination of every square centimeter 23 milliwatt approximately, and it is set at leaves the about 7 millimeters places of target bar (representing with label 354).Light baffle plate 325 between light source 310 and selfoc lens array 313 suppresses scattered light.The present invention uses 635 millimicrons of wavelength so that mate haply with the pick off peak load of the photodiode linear array 315 of about 750 millimicrons of wavelength.The light sensitivitys that obtains in photodiode linear array 315 is about in 80% of 100% maximum linear array light sensitivitys of 750 mm-wave strong points.The length of light source 310 is about 16 millimeters.Embody as present embodiment, light source only starts by microprocessor 90 during reading bar code, because clearly, the startup of light source 310 will consume electric power.Light source 310 and photodiode linear array 315 preferably include the integrated circuit that is installed on the flexible printed wiring board, and form one 45 ° dihedral 321 each other relatively.
Referring to Figure 11, the combination image time of photodiode linear array 315 is from being made a short pulse on the transmission line 360 by microprocessor 90 and entering the serial input lead 362 of photodiode linear array 315 and begin.After about 1 to 10 millisecond, in second serial input pulse input photodiode linear array 315 on the transmission line 360.After second serial input pulse input, by using 129 or more a plurality of clock pulses, calculate the time of clock lead-in wire 366 between 10 kilocycles and 100 kilocycles, can on the video output lead, read picture intelligence.Composite signal is set on the video output transmission line 368.In above-mentioned timing operating period, comprise that the serial video output of an aanalogvoltage is read by analog to digital (A/D) transducer 370, this transducer preferably includes the input range of 12 precision and zero to 5 volts.The numerical data of analogue-to-digital converters 370 outputs in data/address bus 373, these data reflect the amplitude of each video pulse, thereby have also just reflected the darkness of each sensor pixel of photodiode linear array 315.Numerical data in data/address bus 373 is just read by microprocessor 90 subsequently.Analogue-to-digital converters 370 are controlled and are had the conversion time of about 10 microseconds by microprocessor 90.Therefore, the timing of photodiode linear array 315 reaches as high as 10 microseconds (100 kilocycle).
Photodiode linear array 315 is by one 3 terminal voltage actuator 375 power supplies, so that make power noise and video array noise keep minimum.Though the product TSL 215 of Texas Instruments company be present embodiment preferred the employing, can use the new product TSL1402 of the said firm to replace it.The pixel that this new model comprises on 16 millimeters same length reaches more than the twice.This new model has the resolution that doubles and can be used for the reliability of more numerical digit and Geng Gao.This new model is that lead-in wire is compatible, thereby the number of clock cycle can be simply changes to 257 from 129, and for the saturated also less sensitivity of light.TSL 1402 does not also need 40 milliseconds primary image white, quiet clothes load period, and the speed and the precision of twice can be provided.
Character sequence 306 preferably includes a kind of bar code, this bar code has (Interleaved) 2 of the interlacing in the 5 ITF order and can provide 3 ten's digits of calibration data to add a check sum digit, perhaps another way is, this order can comprise a standard binary code, the binary system bar code of this standard be present embodiment preferred and be configured to can provide five and 1/2nd numerical digits add about six a binary system check and.This binary code will be that bar shaped and NRZ (non-return-to-reference) at interval with constant width add a primary sign again.This configuration can guarantee that the overall width of this code is constant and allows 1 millimeter as the code position error at every end.Minimum strip width black and white in this microscler sign indicating number should be chosen as the width that accounts for 2 to 3 pixels in photodiode linear array 315 at least.Because this photodiode linear array has 0.125 millimeter interval between photodiode, minimum strip width is about the twice of this width.This configuration can guarantee that at least one pixel location in the video of photodiode linear array 315 output 368 will be in minimum or extreme higher position, because a pixel in array 315 is complete black or complete white and can not be in the centre position between a secret note and the white area.The highest or the minimum voltage of this relevant with other voltages in the video of photodiode linear array 315 output 368 is by software decoding show bar shaped position definitely.
Because light source 310 preferably has constant intensity, thus between assembly and the variation of the intensity of light source in the All Time scope can compensate by the present invention.For this reason, simultaneously also for compensation sensor efficient, the optical integration of reply photodiode linear array is made adjustment.The level of the image video of reading from the photodiode linear array can improve by the time between the serial input pulse that is increased in transmission line 360 (being the blanking time of optical integration).After each bar code is read out, if the bar code amplitude data is too low, can be long till this amplitude is enough to detect the difference of white and black transferring the time of integration.Total amplitude from whole serial video data streams of each read operation forms a nonlinear curve, because light intensity changes with light source.According to the present invention, in software, grouping differential meansigma methods or other a display indicate about white on the entire video data length to the boundary of black.This meansigma methods will be used for by software relatively from black data detect white, high frequency noise is filtered off by software, generated data stream comprises an image of bar code.Embody as present embodiment, the method (depending on employed code) that this generated data stream is got 2 alternate access by NRZ binary mode or 5 is deciphered.This NRZ form will change the color of bar code in the constant situation of data bits, then not change the color of bar code when data bit changes.This generated data stream will comprise original binary system or decimal number (it is to be coded at first on the air hose 12) after deciphering by NRZ binary approach or 5 comprehensive 2 methods of getting.Can use this number to calibrate the vital capacity flow transducer then.
The linear array 315 of photocell diode must carry out pretreatment by 40 milliseconds of operation cycles earlier each bar code is read before, thereby can correctly make each pixel in 128 pixels deceive or bleach from deceiving from leucismus.Between this pre-treatment period, light source continues to connect then ignores from the data of bar code.Then, carry out to the scanning of bar code up to by be embedded in the check in the bar code and judge obtain correct data till.Therefore, whole read operations are about 40 milliseconds and add 5 milliseconds of each bar code scannings, promptly are about 100 milliseconds.Each bar code scanning needs the minimum time of 128 times of 10 microsecond, the perhaps maximum time of 128 times of 100 microsecond.As mentioned above, this time is by determining the needed time of integration.
During all bar code scannings, light source 310 continues to connect, and reaches as high as 100 milliseconds, and does not also close between each 5 milliseconds of scannings, because pixel all must illumination in the whole time of integration.16 time registers of an embedding microprocessor are programmed to the multiple time cycle that can draw 10 to 100 milliseconds, and make each cycle produce an interruption.A routine has been started in the interruption of time register, and this program can be exported integration and begins pulse if desired, exports 129 clock pulses then, by the time register timing.In each clock pulses, analysis for the back is read and be stored to analogue-to-digital converters 370 by data/address bus 373 by microprocessor 90.After 129 clock pulses outputs were finished, time register was closed, and simultaneously by microprocessor 90 analytical data, so that each pixel is used successive filtration and average, found the Bai-Hei boundary levels that moves.Then, converting to before the bar code, data are filtered in software and are compared with the boundary levels that moves, in most preferred embodiment of the present invention, 8 bar code scannings and storage have at one time been adopted, this time needs 8 times 12.5 milliseconds or 100 milliseconds maximum duration, thereby makes 40 milliseconds the primary image white, quiet clothes time of carrying not need to repeat again.
About selfoc lens array 313, it need be adjusted in 0.3 millimeter scope of plus-minus and accurately focus on the character sequence 306, unless this requirement is guaranteed in manufacture process.Focal length need be adjusted under relatively poor lighting environment, and diagnotor starts on microprocessor 90 simultaneously, and this program scans the percentage ratio of character sequence 306 and the output reading character order 306 reading errors that produced continuously.Preferably focusing is adjusted till this error reaches minimum.In this process, preferably use the worst conditioned disjunction bar code example at random.
Be placed on method on the air hose 12 according to target empty trachea 12 of a kind of calibration and calibration information with the form of character sequence 306, the primary sample of a large amount of air hoses 12 of taking from production line is tested.Embody as present embodiment, test procedure comprises passing through of the air-flow that makes each flow duct 12 accept 7.5 liters of per seconds along the direction of exhaling.A rodmeter (similar) with the rodmeter shown in the label among Fig. 6 76 be placed on air hose 12 through hole 24 (Fig. 2) above, and this sensor bar is connected with a high-precision pressure transducer.The resonance filter that in this air hose, may need a machinery.Owing to the air-flow of 7.5 liters of per seconds is noted along the gaging pressure that is produced that flows of the direction of feeling elated and exultant, then the air-flow with same traffic can obtain similar gaging pressure along inspiratory direction by each air hose 12 with each air hose in elder generation.
The present invention recognizes that though exist the manufacturing difference between each air hose, the pressure output-air-flow input curve of each air hose 12 but is very similar.Particularly, the pressure output-air-flow input curve of each flow duct 12 can be used as its mathematical model by three rank multinomials with fixed coefficient.The multinomial of each air hose 12 only changes by a gain coefficient.Therefore, according to most preferred embodiment of the present invention, can calibrate so that reappear the response curve of an ideal or model the response curve of any one target empty trachea, and this need get final product with the response curve that a constant is multiplied by this target empty trachea.
Because the pressure output-air-flow input curve of each air hose 12 only just can change by a constant, for any one given air flow rate that between per second zero is to 16 liters, changes, can compensate the gaging pressure of target empty trachea 12 and reach an ideal pressure output.Though the present invention illustrates with a certain embodiments, wherein can finish by only producing a calibration constants that is used for each airflow direction (air-breathing and expiration), but the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of this exemplary embodiments for the calibration of each target empty trachea.
According to most preferred embodiment of the present invention, along inspiratory direction with after the pressure measurements of the air-flow of expiration direction these two measured values are compared with the pressure measuring value of two corresponding models having obtained to a target empty trachea 12.The pressure measuring value of this model can be by obtaining the average pressure measured value from the primary sample of a large amount of flow duct 12 of production line.Just can determine a gain coefficient according to the pipe pressure measured value of target empty trachea 12 and the pipe pressure measured value of model.For example, if the model pressure measuring value of inspiratory direction a little more than the target tube pressure measuring value of inspiratory direction, just can produce a correction coefficient, so that the pressure measuring value of target tube 12 is brought up to the pressure measuring value of this model.This correction coefficient comprises a constant in this most preferred embodiment.As just another example, can use the look-up table of measured value with many target empty tracheas 12 and corresponding correction coefficient.Embody as present embodiment, a kind of like this tabling look-up can comprise a large amount of target tube pressure measuring values that meets institute's precision prescribed and corresponding correction coefficient.This correction coefficient embodies as this enforcement, can be calibrated to desired accuracy class to each target tube.Further, according to most preferred embodiment of the present invention, a binary number is used for representing two correction coefficients of any one air hose 12.Because target empty trachea 12 is tested on air-breathing and expiration both direction and is obtained measured pressure value, therefore will produce and corresponding two the different correction coefficients of two measured pressure value of this target empty trachea 12.This single binary number the present invention preferably represents two correction coefficients with compressed format, and can be by the acquisition of tabling look-up.
Figure 14 and 15 shows the perspective view of the spirometer structure of most preferred embodiment of the present invention.Air hose 212 is covered by overcoat basically, the size of display 94 and translucent overlapping key mat 112 bigger than in the foregoing description.
Though the present invention is illustrated with reference to various object lessons and embodiment, should be pointed out that the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of these embodiment, as long as in the scope of claims below, can carry out various enforcements to the present invention.

Claims (37)

1. one kind is applicable to the spirometer of fixing an air hose, and this spirometer comprises:
One is applicable to the framework of removably fixing an air hose, and this air hose has pressure-responsive and the calibration information relevant with the pressure-responsive of this air hose;
A pressure sensor device, this device are suitable for experiencing the pressure in this air hose that is fixed on this framework and the pressure data of at least a portion based on the pressure in this air hose can be provided;
One is applicable to the character recognition device of reading this calibration information; And
Be suitable for handling the circuit of the calibration information of reading by this character recognition device, this circuit is suitable for utilizing this calibration information of reading that the pressure-responsive that is fixed on this air hose on this framework is corrected into the pressure-responsive of a model air hose, this model air hose have be fixed on this framework on the substantially the same size and dimension of this air hose.
2. spirometer according to claim 1, wherein this character recognition device comprises a bar code reader.
3. air hose that has pressure-responsive and be suitable in spirometer, using, this air hose comprises:
A tubular member; And
The calibration information that the model pressure-responsive of the pressure-responsive of this air hose and a model air hose is interrelated, this model air hose has the size and dimension substantially the same with this air hose.
4. air hose according to claim 3, wherein this calibration information comprises a kind of barcode format.
5. air hose according to claim 3, wherein this air hose is disposable, and this calibration information is configured on this tubular member.
6. air hose according to claim 3, wherein this calibration information is applicable to the generation of a gauged pressure-responsive that promotes this air hose, this gauged pressure-responsive is considered this model pressure-responsive of this model air hose.
7. air hose according to claim 3, wherein this calibration information can be read by machine.
8. spirometer comprises:
One is applicable to the framework of removably fixing an air hose, and this air hose has a pressure port and calibration information;
A pressure sensor device, this device are suitable for experiencing the pressure in this pressure port of this air hose that is fixed on this framework and the pressure data of at least a portion based on the pressure in this pressure port can be provided; And
Be suitable for using the circuit of the calibration information of this air hose, this circuit can be adjusted to the pressure data that pressure produced by a model air hose of this pressure sensor device impression to this pressure data, this model air hose have be fixed on this framework on the substantially the same size and dimension of this air hose.
9. one kind has the air hose that pressure-responsive can use for spirometer, and this air hose comprises:
A tubular member that limits a cavity; And
Adjustment information, this adjustment information are suitable for promoting to make the adjustment of pressure-responsive at least a portion of this air hose based on the model pressure-responsive of model air hose, and this model air hose has the size and dimension substantially the same with this air hose.
10. air hose according to claim 9, wherein this air hose is disposable, and this calibration information is configured on this tubular member.
11. air hose according to claim 9, wherein this calibration information is that effectively this gauged pressure-responsive is considered this model pressure-responsive of this model air hose providing aspect the gauged pressure-responsive of this air hose.
12. one kind can comprise for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer:
A member, this member have first a flat basically plane and flat basically opposed second plane;
A plurality of grooves on this member, each groove have a segment length and have a inner and an opposed outer end; And
A plurality of recessed hinges, each recessed hinge is positioned at this outer end of this groove and passes this outer end and extends out, and each recessed hinge has one section with respect to the length of this groove length along different basically direction orientations, and these a plurality of grooves and this a plurality of recessed hinges are formed in the interior a plurality of French sashes of this member together.
13. according to claim 12 for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer, wherein these a plurality of grooves and these a plurality of recessed hinges form 4 French sashes at least in this member.
14. according to claim 12 for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer, wherein the number of recessed hinge equates with the number of groove.
15. it is according to claim 12 for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer, wherein each French sash has arrow-shaped, this arrow-shaped has a bit and an opposed substantially eck between two recessed hinges, and the size of this eck between these two recessed hinges left a segment distance of these two recessed hinges for a short time than a similar size of this French sash.
16. according to claim 6 for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer, wherein each French sash is flexible, and the size Control of each eck the flexibility of corresponding French sash.
17. according to claim 15 for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer, wherein this resistance element is at the pressure characteristic that has approximately linear under the about atmospheric pressure conditions in air flow rate is in the scope of 15 liters of about per seconds.
18. one kind can be for the three-member type pipe assembly that uses in the vital capacity, this assembly comprises:
First pipe with a near-end and a far-end, this first pipe has one first external diameter;
Second pipe with a near-end and a far-end, this second pipe has second external diameter that is approximately equal to this first external diameter;
One is arranged on the near-end of this first pipe and near the resistance element of far-end of second pipe; And
Sleeve pipe with one the 3rd external diameter, the 3rd external diameter be greater than this first and second external diameter, this sleeve pipe be connected with this first and second pipe and be positioned at the near-end of this first pipe and this second pipe far-end above.
19. according to claim 18 for the three-member type pipe assembly that uses in the spirometer, this assembly also comprises a hole that forms in this second pipe.
20. according to claim 19 for the three-member type pipe assembly that uses in the spirometer, this assembly also comprises a recess that forms in this sleeve pipe.
21. according to claim 20 for the three-member type pipe assembly that uses in the spirometer, wherein this hole is suitable for holding a pressure-sensitive bar of this spirometer, and
Wherein this recess is suitable for holding the tongue piece of a centering of this spirometer.
22. according to claim 20 for the three-member type pipe assembly that uses in the spirometer, wherein this recess relative with this hole in.
23. one kind can comprise for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer:
A discoidal elastic film;
A plurality of grooves in this thin film, this groove partly form a plurality of French sashes with spaced apart at least in thin film; And
This resistance element is at the pressure characteristic that has approximately linear under the about atmospheric pressure conditions in gas flow is in the scope of 15 liters of about per seconds.
24. it is according to claim 23 for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer, wherein these a plurality of grooves provide first predetermined resistance, to reduce gas flow by this resistance element, and these a plurality of French sashes with spaced apart provide second predetermined resistance, to improve the gas flow by this resistance element.
25. according to claim 23 for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer, wherein this resistance element can provide a resistance less than every liter of about 1.5 cm of water of per second under the about atmospheric pressure conditions when gas flow is in 12 liters of per seconds.
26. according to claim 23 for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer, wherein by this resistance element at the resistance that when gas flow is in 3 liters of per seconds, is provided under the about atmospheric pressure conditions significantly greater than the resistance that resistance element provided of the same size that includes only a disk and a macropore.
27. according to claim 23 for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer, wherein these a plurality of French sashes with spaced apart are suitable for opening a little under low discharge, and are opened to a sizable degree under big flow.
28. according to claim 23 for the resistance element that uses in the spirometer, wherein these a plurality of grooves form at least 4 French sashes with spaced apart at least in part in this member.
29. a method that is used for being aligned in the air hose that spirometer uses, this method comprises the following steps:
(a) in this air hose, apply a predetermined gas flow;
(b) goal pressure of this air hose of measurement under this predetermined gas flow; And
(c) determine to press with the goal pressure of this measurement with as the model that a reference pressure is used
Power is the target gain of this air hose on basis.
30. the method for calibration air hose according to claim 29, wherein this method also comprises the following steps:
(d) this air hose is placed in the spirometer;
(e) read this gain of this air hose;
(f) use this air hose to produce a patient's pressure measuring value; And
(g) this gain is applied on this patient's the pressure measuring value, produces an association thus
Patient's pressure measuring value.
31. method according to claim 30, wherein this method also comprises:
This predetermined gas flow is applied in a plurality of calibration air hoses;
Under this predetermined gas flow condition, measure the base measuring pressure of each calibration air hose; And
Determine this model pressure based on the base measuring pressure of this measurement.
32. the method for correction target air hose according to claim 30, wherein this method also comprises this target gain is placed on this air hose.
33. a method that is used for being aligned in the air hose that spirometer uses, this method comprises the following steps:
(a) along inspiratory direction predetermined air-breathing gas flow is applied to a plurality of calibration air hoses
In;
(b) under predetermined air-breathing air mass flow condition, each calibration air hose is measured a suction
The gas base measuring pressure;
(c) on average from the air-breathing base measuring pressure of each calibration air hose, produce thus one air-breathing
Model pressure;
(d) be applied in a plurality of calibration tracheas along the predetermined expiration gas flow of expiration steering handle;
(e) under predetermined expiration gas flow condition, each calibration air hose is measured one exhale
The gas base measuring pressure;
(f) on average from the expiration base measuring pressure of all calibration air hoses, produce an expiration thus
Model pressure;
(g) under predetermined air-breathing gas flow condition, measure the air-breathing order of this target empty trachea
Mark pressure;
(h) this target empty trachea is determined one with the air-breathing goal pressure of measurement and air-breathing mould
Type pressure is the air-breathing target gain on basis;
(i) under predetermined expiration gas flow condition, measure the order of the expiration of this target empty trachea
Mark pressure;
(j) this target empty trachea is determined one with the goal pressure of the expiration of measurement and the mould of expiration
Type pressure is the target gain of the expiration on basis; And
(k) target gain of this air-breathing target gain and this expiration is placed on this target empty trachea
On.
34. the method that is used for the calibration target air hose according to claim 33, wherein the target gain of this air-breathing target gain and this expiration is placed on this target empty trachea with the form of a code, and this code is represented target gain and this air-breathing target gain of this expiration with compressed format.
35. a method that is used for being aligned in the target empty trachea that spirometer uses, this method comprises the following steps:
A reference pressure-flow curve is provided, and this reference pressure-flow curve is corresponding with the pressure characteristic of model air hose under various air mass flows;
Under predetermined gas flow, measure the pressure output of this target empty trachea, can set up a gaging pressure-flow curve thus;
This reference pressure-flow curve is compared with gaging pressure-flow curve, and
Produce a corrected value, when being applied on this gaging pressure-flow curve, will produce this reference pressure one flow curve to this corrected value.
36. the method that is used for the calibration object air hose according to claim 35, wherein this method also comprises the following steps:
This target empty trachea is put into spirometer;
Deposit this corrected value in;
Along with patient breathing is entered in this air hose and produce an actual pressure-flow curve;
This corrected value is applied on this actual pressure-flow curve, to produce a pressure-flow curve, this curve is replacing the target empty trachea can produce when producing actual pressure-flow curve with the model air hose, corrected value is applied on this actual pressure one flow curve help to obtain a characteristic curve than the more accurate target empty trachea of model air hose.
37. an equipment that is used to make the calibration air hose comprises:
The pressure port above the hole that is suitable for being placed on air hose;
A flow generator, this generator have a predetermined flow, are used for steering current by this air hose;
A pressure transducer that is connected with this pressure port, this pick off is suitable for measuring the pressure that produces along with passing through of this air-flow in this air hose;
A comparator block device, this device are suitable for providing a gain based on this air hose of this gaging pressure and a reference pressure; And
A bringing device, this device are fit to this gain is applied on this air hose.
CN 97197370 1996-06-21 1997-06-09 Resistive element and calibrated air tube for spirometer Pending CN1228015A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/667,396 US5743270A (en) 1996-06-21 1996-06-21 Resistive element for spirometer
US08/667,396 1996-06-21
US08/670,192 1996-06-21
US08/670,192 US5715831A (en) 1996-06-21 1996-06-21 Calibrated air tube for spirometer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1228015A true CN1228015A (en) 1999-09-08

Family

ID=27099672

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN 97197370 Pending CN1228015A (en) 1996-06-21 1997-06-09 Resistive element and calibrated air tube for spirometer

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1003418A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002513296A (en)
CN (1) CN1228015A (en)
AU (1) AU732670B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2257921A1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ333263A (en)
WO (1) WO1997048338A1 (en)

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CN104093355A (en) * 2012-01-20 2014-10-08 D·基尔施 Inhalation support apparatus and method for inhalation support
CN108852357A (en) * 2017-05-16 2018-11-23 ndd医药技术股份有限公司 Method for the holding meanss of respiratory siphon and for reading the coding in breathing pipe surface
CN109414219A (en) * 2016-03-24 2019-03-01 伊里瑟奇科技公司 For collecting the method and system of spirometry data

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CN103115648A (en) * 2011-11-16 2013-05-22 株式会社压电 Ultrasonic type flowmeter apparatus and method of using the same
CN103115648B (en) * 2011-11-16 2015-06-17 株式会社压电 Ultrasonic type flowmeter apparatus and method of using the same
CN104093355A (en) * 2012-01-20 2014-10-08 D·基尔施 Inhalation support apparatus and method for inhalation support
CN104093355B (en) * 2012-01-20 2017-09-19 D·基尔施 For supporting the suction of suction to support apparatus and method
CN109414219A (en) * 2016-03-24 2019-03-01 伊里瑟奇科技公司 For collecting the method and system of spirometry data
CN115568847A (en) * 2016-03-24 2023-01-06 伊里瑟奇科技公司 Method and system for collecting spirometry data
CN108852357A (en) * 2017-05-16 2018-11-23 ndd医药技术股份有限公司 Method for the holding meanss of respiratory siphon and for reading the coding in breathing pipe surface
CN108852357B (en) * 2017-05-16 2021-08-17 ndd医药技术股份有限公司 Holding device for a breathing tube and method for reading a code on the surface of a breathing tube
US11154219B2 (en) 2017-05-16 2021-10-26 Ndd Medizintechnik Ag Holding device for a breathing tube and method for reading out a coding on a surface of a breathing tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1003418A4 (en) 2000-05-31
WO1997048338A1 (en) 1997-12-24
AU3481197A (en) 1998-01-07
JP2002513296A (en) 2002-05-08
EP1003418A1 (en) 2000-05-31
NZ333263A (en) 2000-09-29
AU732670B2 (en) 2001-04-26
CA2257921A1 (en) 1997-12-24

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