CN1225160A - Piston rings and/or a piston in an internal combustion engine of the diesel type and a method of running-in of a diesel engine - Google Patents
Piston rings and/or a piston in an internal combustion engine of the diesel type and a method of running-in of a diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1225160A CN1225160A CN 97196211 CN97196211A CN1225160A CN 1225160 A CN1225160 A CN 1225160A CN 97196211 CN97196211 CN 97196211 CN 97196211 A CN97196211 A CN 97196211A CN 1225160 A CN1225160 A CN 1225160A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0448—Steel
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Abstract
Piston rings and/or a piston in a two-cycle engine of crosshead-type is equiped with a running-in layer (32, 37, 40, 42) on radial outer surface thereon, with radial thickness of at least 0.1mm, and is formed by materials which comprises: 5-60% solid lubricant, e.g., graphite, 40-95% metal binder, e.g., Ni, Al, Si, and possible organic binder as high as 15%. Macrocosm hardness of the running-in layer is less than 300HV30. The running-in layer makes the engine reach to full load in total operating time of no less than 3 hours after started.
Description
The present invention relates to piston ring and/or piston that diesel engine formula internal-combustion engine, particularly two stroke crosshead motors use, the maximum combustion pressure of this motor when full load surpasses 135 crust, its piston is provided with several as being three to five piston rings, and it is reciprocating in cylinder liner, stroke is at least 750mm, outer diameter when piston ring is contained in the annular slot is at least 250mm, all than the height height of piston ring, each piston ring all has a radially-outer surface to slide along the internal surface of cylinder sleeve to each annular slot height in the axial direction.
Up-to-date diesel engine formula two stroke crosshead motors are devised, and can turn round under the very high maximum combustion pressure that surpasses 135 crust.High like this pressure can produce very high load on piston ring, part is because when stop pressure in the firing chamber to piston when propagation below with three to five piston rings, the pressure difference of crossing these rings is inevitable very high, part is because the high pressure that is produced by compression and burning also is accompanied by by high temperature, and this high temperature has negative effect to Frotteurism, therefore piston ring and cylinder sleeve are more easily bitten, thereby can damage piston ring and cylinder sleeve.For to high pressure sealing, the butt joint pressure that piston ring acts on the inner surface of cylinder liner must need to improve, and this can cause the easier lubricant film that penetrates of piston ring, cause on the internal surface of some regional piston ring, do at cylinder sleeve sliding.
The lubricating condition of difficulty can become even more serious, because because environment, motor need use seldom or the fully fuel of sulfur-bearing not of sulfur-bearing.And former, fuel and lubricant oil often contain the sulphur of larger amt, and sulphur helps the Frotteurism that keeps good, because sulphur is a kind of excellent lubrication agent.
From little four stroke engine, people know can lay a coating (coating layer) that contains solid lubricant on the piston ring of internal-combustion engine.For example, DE-A1771640 once told us one just can cause serious abrasion with molybdenum spray at the wearing layer on the piston ring on cylinder sleeve, and as the MoS that will be surrounded by nickel
2When particulate was incorporated in the wearing layer, situation just can be improved.US5,239,955 once said a piston skirt with solid film oiling agent, this oiling agent is included in graphite and the MoS in resin such as the thermosetting epoxy resin
2When engine start, some solid film oiling agent can be transferred on the internal surface of casing wall, and when motor remained in operation, this oiling agent can rest on piston and the casing wall.JP A 63-289374 once described a piston ring, and this ring has a hard nitrogenize wearing layer and a skin as thin as a wafer, and this skin is made of in the metal-based layer of iron or nickel a solid lubricant.This outer field thickness is less than 0.02mm, and therefore this layer just is worn away after a few stroke of piston.GB 938,120 once proposed a kind of method that solves piston ring break-in problem, promptly one 0.025 of spraying comprising Bond, hard abrasive material and oiling agent, as is bonded in aluminium oxide and graphite in the resin to the thick coating of 0.125mm on the outer surface of piston ring.By the known a kind of cylinder spare of EP A20126323, its break-in layer has such hardness and wear resistance, so that need move 1000 hours at least and the break-in layer could be ground off.In a word, prior art proposes and the hard, wear-resistant composition will be included in the break-in layer.
The situation of the big-block engine with very high pressure maximum relevant with the present invention obviously situation with above-mentioned four stroke engine is different.In four-stroke petrol engine, pressure maximum is about 40 crust, and in diesel engine, the pressure maximum of use is about 80 crust.In addition, the engine cylinder of four-stroke machine, piston and piston ring are made by light metal, and the cylinder sleeve of big-block engine, piston and piston ring are normally made by cast iron, cast steel or steel, so that can bear the influence of huge pressure and temperature.The difference of material therefor makes spraying tectal performance thereon be difficult to mutual comparison, and this is because cast iron is compared with light metal such as aluminium with steel, at Frotteurism, bond state, all there is sizable difference the aspects such as reaction of heat affecting.
When the break-in of diesel engine formula large cross-head h type engine h, its fully loaded maximum combustion pressure can surpass 135 crust, at this moment understanding the phenomenon that bite on the internal surface of cylinder sleeve and on the outer surface at piston ring, becomes stubborn problem.In some cases, before break-in finishes as yet, just do not need more rering and cylinder sleeve is carried out back machining.In some cases, starting function fully to be loaded the secondary piston ring even needing replacing several times.Except consuming time and consumption wealth, so also have influence on the initial adjustment of motor, when break-in because this adjustment must be carried out.
The objective of the invention is to improve piston ring and/or piston; make them carry out the break-in of very fast and less problem to relevant motor; way be to major general's piston ring and preferably piston also together protect, make them be exempted to be bitten before loading at full capacity at motor at least.
For this purpose, has following feature according to piston ring of the present invention and/or its piston, promptly under the state of newly making, a part of radially-outer surface of the radially-outer surface of piston ring and/or piston is provided with a break-in layer that includes solid lubricant and metal adhesive, this break-in layer thickness diametrically is at least 0.1mm, it is formed by weight percentage, except the impurity that runs into usually, comprise 5 to 60% solid lubricant, as the metal adhesive of graphite and 40 to 95%, as Ni, Al, Si, also have optional 15% the organic binder that reaches, the macrohardness of break-in layer is less than 300HV30.
When the initial break-in of piston ring, the radially-outer surface of piston ring is worn away to become is with faceted shape.Because annular recess is than piston ring height, piston ring can unrestricted motion vertically in affiliated annular recess, under the influence of the immense pressure difference of crossing piston ring, piston ring can be in groove canting or reversed slightly, therefore the internal surface of the outer surface of piston ring and cylinder sleeve will form the angle of a change when piston moves back and forth.Along with the initial canting many times of piston ring, its top margin or base will be docked with the internal surface of cylinder sleeve with minimum zone, together with extremely high surface pressure, cause piston ring material to be worn away fast, the chances are for this because the ring limit temporarily penetrates the cause of the oil film on the inner surface of cylinder liner.Be with faceted shape along with the radially-outer surface of piston ring becomes, the butt joint area is increased, and surface pressure just can be reduced under the limit that oil film penetrated.
If polish in the process at this, lubricated very poor at the internal surface of the outer surface of piston ring and cylinder sleeve, friction between two mutual slidingsurfaces will produce high temperature so, and initial biting (blocking) will appear at docking in the zone of piston ring and cylinder sleeve.In case on regional area, occur biting, the extremely coarse surface that forms on piston ring so will make friction increase, thereby too high temperature levels will be held, and will be extended to zone bigger on the piston ring and bite phenomenon, until till piston ring scrapped fully.Can also make and bite on the internal surface that occurs in cylinder sleeve in the coarse zone of biting on the piston ring, this also can make temperature levels raise.
Owing to docking pressure along with the engine load increase of pressure maximum just increases, therefore importantly, the preventing to bite of break-in layer must adhere to starting function in oepration at full load a period of time, makes piston ring face be worn into faceted process and is accomplished.In order to accomplish this point, the break-in layer must have the thickness of 0.1mm at least.Can use thicker break-in layer, for example thickness is 0.13,0.15,0.19 or 0.25mm, even 1 or 2mm or thicker, because in the first round, facet grinds on the break-in layer, and in last part of break-in or after break-in finishes, facet is to grind lentamente on the piston ring material below, harder substantially.Like this, when piston ring to the butt joint area of cylinder sleeve greatly when lubricant film is no longer penetrated, break-in is just accused and is finished, while break-in layer also is removed.
For purposes of the invention importantly, the break-in layer is soft, and its macrohardness is less than 300HV30.And in the existing big-block engine with very high pressure maximum, people think for certain that always the outer surface of piston ring must contain a kind of hard material, at least part in running-in period when engine load is enhanced should be like this when surpassing 50%.The present invention then confirms, the piston ring that adopts buffing to close layer can bear the tremendous influence that occurs in the motor upper load zone well, and soft material can grind quickly and be with faceted shape, thereby grinds facet (section) and can carry out in soft material effectively.
In the content of break-in layer, 5 to 60% solid lubricant can become enough big consequently piston ring no longer through in this section of oil film period up to the butt joint area from grinding facet at first, guarantees to keep enough lubricating.If solid lubricant is less than 5%, Frotteurism can become too poor so, and if its content is higher than 60%, just oiling agent to be attached to well enough on the outer surface of piston ring quite difficulty so.Preferably adopt graphite as solid lubricant, but also can use other known oiling agents, as MoS
2, LiF and CaF
2, and composition thereof.As metal adhesive (material), the most handy Ni or Al, both are the soft metals, but other soft metals such as Cu, Ag, Si and/or Zn also can use.
In a more excellent embodiment, the break-in layer is laid in thermal spraying on the blank by the piston ring of steel, cast steel or iron casting or piston.Thermal spraying is a kind of efficient general known method that has, and it can be used for laying the changeable coating of composition.The coating of thermal spraying can reasonably well be bonded on the surface of steel or cast iron.As the replacing method of thermal spraying, can be by laying coating in the fusing body lotion that is immersed in required break-in layer, but adopt this method, may difficult control to the heat affecting of piston ring or piston.
Can on the piston ring of casting, provide a hard wear-resistant layer to prolong the life-span of piston ring as everyone knows.Here can introduce the cast-iron piston ring that Sweden DAROS AB company is provided, this ring has the hard, wear-resistant coating that the commercial trade mark is PM2, PM10 or PM14.These coatings contain the particle that micro-hardness surpasses 1800HV, and by thermal spraying on outer ring surface.In order to prevent that this utmost point grit from biting on cylinder sleeve, tectal outer surface is polished.Because the manufacturing tolerances of cylinder sleeve and piston ring, the piston ring of newly making does not engage with cylinder sleeve on whole circumference fully.At this moment the sealing between piston ring and cylinder sleeve can improve like this, promptly has the coating as thin as a wafer that applies copper or pure graphite on stiff dough and the outer ring surface through polishing.The place of butt joint is through the backward stroke that comes of two, three pistons mutually at cylinder sleeve and piston ring, and this thin coating just can be worn away, but it also can stay long-time slightly and will encircle and cylinder sleeve between cooperate not accurate enough place to seal.To be coated on the piston ring by steel, cast steel or iron casting according to break-in layer of the present invention if desired, and this ring has been laid with on some some micro-hardness and has been surpassed the wearing layer of 1200HV, so preferably the surface roughness that the spraying abrasion-proof layer is produced keeps getting off, up to the break-in layer is coated on the wearing layer.Nature does that like this manufacture process is simplified, because the polishing process behind the spraying abrasion-proof layer can be omitted, but the more important thing is, the break-in layer must be bonded on the outer surface of piston ring securely in order to produce a desired effect, and this is difficult to accomplish on the stiff dough of polishing.If the break-in layer bond jail inadequately, its can desirable grind off just to be split at some regional breakdown before becoming facet be fragment.
Piston also may be bitten when break-in as everyone knows.Therefore the radially-outer surface that is preferably in piston is upper on the annular slot of top piston ring and the top between the piston-top surface, to lay the composite bed of a thickness from 0.1 to 5mm by the piston billet of steel, cast steel or iron casting with thermal spraying, wherein constitute its most external by the break-in layer.By sprayfused coating being stacked into one basically greater than the required thickness of break-in layer itself, material with selflubricating in the annulus in the zone more than the piston ring of top between piston and the inner surface of cylinder liner is filled, and this material can not be bitten phenomenon when contacting with the internal surface of cylinder sleeve.The filling of this annulus can provide another advantage, and promptly the top piston ring can be protected under the excessive temperature of firing chamber.High temperature has negative effect to lubricating status, because lubricant film is at high temperature easily broken.Like this, this embodiment just can improve the lubricating status around the piston ring of top effectively, thereby can reduce the danger of biting, and is not only when break-in, and is when the normal operation of subsequently motor.
In another embodiment, be to ascend the throne in the annular slot of end piston ring and the zone between the piston lower end by break-in layer of thermal spraying by the piston billet of steel or iron casting in the bottom of piston radial outer surface.This be should be understood that this piston can have a piston skirt, so-called skirt section promptly is fixed by bolts to the lower part of piston on this lower end to the extension of the lower end of piston.In this bottom of common position on the piston skirt, piston can contact with the internal surface of cylinder sleeve.Lay the break-in layer on this position, so when the internal surface of cylinder sleeve is also more coarse when carrying out break-in, the effect of biting on piston just can be resisted.Therefore along with the peak on the inner surface of cylinder liner is worn away, the danger that piston is bitten also just is reduced, as long as the break-in layer piston bottom that is laid in is just enough.
Might only the break-in layer be laid on the piston ring, but preferably all piston rings are all covered with the break-in layer, and piston is covered by the break-in layer in its bottom under end piston ring annular slot at least, so just, might make motor break-in quickly, on sizable degree, be reduced because piston and piston ring are bitten the danger of damage.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method of the two stroke crosshead motors that are used for break-in diesel engine formula, the maximum combustion pressure of this motor when full load surpasses 100 crust, and in this motor, with regard at least one cylinder in the cylinder, one cylinder sleeve is arranged, piston that has several piston rings of newly making can to-and-fro motion in cylinder sleeve, and its stroke is at least 750mm, and each piston ring has an outer diameter and that is at least 250mm to be docked at radially-outer surface on the inner surface of cylinder liner.
The method of known this motor of break-in will continue many hours usually, and the load of intrinsic motivation is progressively improved during this period, and middle motor must suspend, so that check before load is increased whether piston ring is bitten.Usually motor starts with about 15% load, moves half an hour, checks piston ring.Motor is reset then, and substep is brought up to about 40% load in two, three hours, and restarts after suspending 30 minutes again, more than at least three hours load being brought up to 90% step by step, then load is increased to 100%.This motor will just can reach at full capacity through at least six hours sum total from starting for the first time working time like this, and this motor will be suspended and reexamine therebetween.Although break-in is so slow, still can be observed many problems relevant in the above in the up-to-date motor of mentioning with blocking of rings.When needs were changed and new piston ring is installed, the break-in program started anew again, repeats.
According to being characterized as of method of the present invention, motor just can reach in working time at full capacity three hours sum total after the starting at the most, in this period, before engine start, be set on the radially-outer surface of the piston ring of newly making and/or the break-in layer on a part of radially-outer surface of piston has at least a part to be transferred on the internal surface of cylinder sleeve, and this break-in layer diametrically thickness before engine start is at least 0.1mm and is made less than the material of 300HV30 by macrohardness.In the time of in the piston ring that will newly make installs to the cylinder sleeve of newly making, motor can be taken in working time at full capacity in the sum total that is at most three hours, maximum combustion pressure surpasses 135 crust at that time.
Soft and break-in layer that thickness is suitable makes us might be when carrying out the break-in program, and load can be increased at full capacity significantly quickly, bites the dangerous remarkable known engine less than described this pattern of damage simultaneously.Break-in very fast and safety can be saved the time that is spent greatly on the preparation motor.Simultaneously might with higher degree with break-in focus on engine component the adjusting that must carry out, in the adjusting as fuel injection program and supercharger systems.
Closing layer except buffing can grind the facet on the outer surface of piston ring quickly, and the material that grinds off is deposited on the internal surface of cylinder sleeve, particularly on its top.This be because the pressure in the firing chamber the highest be bent axle to be rotated in first that part of engine cycle (circulation) of 20 ° at the dead point from it at piston, and wear away generation when pressure is high.Be deposited on material on the inner surface of cylinder liner and help to provide and prevent the lubricating status bitten, and in the deposition of cylinder sleeve top area to this zone advantageous particularly because temperature is very high, this zone is the most difficult place of basing oneself upon of oil lubricant.The present invention might use a kind of like this cylinder sleeve, and its internal surface is to be made by the wearing layer of a spraying.Also the present invention can be applied on the motor, the internal surface of its cylinder sleeve is provided with the break-in layer that is made of soft material on the hard wear-resistant layer end face that is laid in.
Preferably motor reaches in working time at full capacity in the sum total that is at most 90 minutes, and this, major part was corresponding to the bearing of considering motor with regulate required working time of member of motor working time.Like this, this break-in program is with regard to no longer owing to considering preventing to bite and being determined of cylinder part.
The piston ring of diesel engine weares and teares gradually, and its working life is shorter than cylinder sleeve.When the piston ring in the cylinder in known engine must be changed, must carry out break-in as increasing load gradually with many hours above 6 hours.This situation typically can be observed on the ship of being scheduled to the navigation schedule at needs and take place, the expired shipowner's fine of then wanting, typically be every day 25,000-40,000 dollar, therefore after in the cylinder that one group of new piston ring is installed to motor,, obviously be favourable if can reduce required running-in time.
According to method of the present invention, can with one be provided with piston that several new systems go out piston ring install to before in the used cylinder sleeve, and after engine start at the most one hour sum total just can reach in working time at full capacity.Owing to only need short like this running-in time, so do not have what problem as usual just replaceable new piston ring when berthing at the harbour, this be because this running-in time than the common time of sending required cost from engine start to the full load sailing instructions short.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings example of the present invention is done more detailed explanation now, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional view by cylinder sleeve top, wherein piston and piston ring all on upper dead center,
Fig. 2 is the sectional view by piston ring, and this piston ring is break-in layer of direct coating on the ring material of casting,
Fig. 3 is the sectional view by another embodiment of piston ring, and this ring is to be sprayed on break-in layer of outside coating of the hard wear-resistant layer on the casting ring material,
Fig. 4 is the side view according to the fragment of piston of the present invention,
Fig. 5 is the diagram according to an example of the method for motoring engine of the present invention.
Fig. 1 illustrates the top of the cylinder sleeve 1 of a large-scale two-stroke cross head engine, and this motor can be used as the stationary engine that drives generator or as the propelling motor of boats and ships.According to the size of motor, cylinder sleeve can be made into different sizes, and the cylinder-bore typical dimensions is from 250mm to 1000mm, and corresponding typical length is from 1000mm to 4500mm.Cylinder sleeve is made by cast iron, steel or cast steel usually, and the surface is provided with the wearing layer of a spraying within it, and cylinder sleeve can be whole or be divided at least two parts that these two-part interlink together on length.In the cylinder sleeve that separates, also may make top with the another kind of body material different with the bottom.
Cylinder sleeve is contained in the motor in known manner, just partly illustrate on the figure, on a ring-type, prone surperficial 3 top boards 4 that are positioned in engine frame case or the cylinder block, piston 5 is installed in the cylinder sleeve, cylinder cap 6 be arranged at the cylinder sleeve top ring-type on last surface, and go up unshowned cylinder bolt with figure and be clamped on the top board.
The bottom of cylinder sleeve is provided with the scavenging air mouth of unshowned annular arrangement on the figure.Piston can be along vertically the moving between upper dead center (top dead center) and lower dead centre (lower dead center) of cylinder sleeve, and at upper dead center, 9 of the upper surfaces of piston are in the hole of cylinder cap 6, and at lower dead centre, 9 of the upper surfaces of piston are below scavenging air mouth lower end tight.
By piston rod 10, crosshead and connecting rod, piston is connected with the bent axle of motor in known manner.Whenever 360 ° of crankshaft rotating, piston just moves to upper dead center from lower dead centre and also returns again.
The top of cylinder sleeve 1 between surface 3 and 7 is made with bigger outer diameter, and have many elongated cooling hole 14 be drilled in the wall of cylinder sleeve from outside a groove 15 at the top of this part, make the longitudinal axis of the cooling hole that these are straight extend along the direction that tilts or distort with respect to the longitudinal axis of cylinder sleeve.In each cooling hole, be inserted with tubule or baffle plate, so that the freezing mixture that guiding flows into, make it rise to the last dead end in this hole, from this refrigerant downstream and flow out in the Room 16, flow in the cylinder cap by managing 17 from this freezing mixture from groove 15.Should be noted that, cooling hole be illustrated as if their longitudinal axis be in section plane, to extend, but they are with respect to the oblique extension of section plane actually.Groove 15 is by a circumferential butt 18 sealings.Known cooling hole can have other design, as the pipeline of imbedding arc in cylinder bore wall and flow out to one indoor in the open top of liner backs.
On the internal surface 13 of cylinder sleeve, can be provided with one or more thermal sprayings hard wear-resistant layer thereon, this wearing layer can be by the mixture of pottery or pottery and metal, be that so-called ceramet is made, or one have extremely hard particle to be embedded in a softer interior wearing layer of metallic matrix.This matrix for example can comprise Cr, Ni and/or Mo, and this hard particles for example can comprise carbide, nitride, boride and/or oxide.One of wearing layer also can be the mixture of molybdenum and molybdenum oxide.Can also make cylinder sleeve be provided with one in addition and close layer in innermost buffing, this layer can comprise the graphite that is fixed in Bond Ni, Mo, Al or the Ag.Also layer is closed in the buffing that can save on inner surface of cylinder liner, can make the piston ring break-in quickly like this, because under the sort of situation, they are directly sliding on the hard wear-resistant layer of cylinder sleeve or on the body material of casting.Cylinder sleeve surface within it can be made into the wavy apperance (decorative pattern) that wave crest is removed.Said apperance can be made on the total inner surface of cylinder sleeve, also can only make on the top of cylinder sleeve, this top for example first 40% o'clock piston ring of piston downward stroke inswept part, also can adopt other relative size, as 20%, 25%, 30% or 35% or intermediate value between them.Wavy apperance helps to keep best possible lubricating condition between piston ring and inner surface of cylinder liner, because lubricant oil can be collected in the bottom of ripple ditch, so that be used for supplying with the tableland between ditch.When new piston ring in new cylinder sleeve during by break-in, the outer surface of piston ring slides on the tableland that is close to the plane.
Piston 5 is at upper dead center in Fig. 1.This piston is provided with four piston rings 19, wherein the top piston ring be a standard cut sth. askew the ring or an air-tight ring, just gas basically can not from the ring separation pass through, this point can be accomplished, for example make an end of ring that one flat teat is arranged, it is inserted in the corresponding recesses of the other end then.The second and the 3rd piston ring below the top and end piston ring can be with traditional rings of cutting sth. askew, and its separation place forms a gap and extends along the direction that favours circumference between the upper and lower surface of ring, perhaps the ring of available approximate air-tight.In text of the present invention, piston ring one speech is used to refer to compression piston ring.
Piston ring 19 among Fig. 2 has a piston ring base 30 by iron casting, is at least the break-in layer 32 of 0.1mm on its radially-outer surface 31 with the thermal spraying applied thickness.Piston ring 19 among Fig. 3 has a piston ring 34 by steel or cast steel casting.Because this part is not by castiron, on the radially-outer surface 35 of its steel, must lay a wearing layer 36, the material of this wearing layer must have gratifying sliding capability on the internal surface of cylinder sleeve, for example a kind of among material PM2, PM10, PM14, PM20, PM28 or the L1 that is made by Sweden DAROSAB company.With thermal spraying the break-in layer 37 that a thickness is at least 0.1mm is coated on the radially-outer surface 33 of wearing layer then.The thickness of the break-in layer on piston ring also can be greater than 0.1mm, for example from 0.13 to 3.0mm, but preferably is at most 2.0mm.
Fig. 4 illustrates the fragment of piston 5, and the middle part is omitted.Have a thickness to be coated in the top 38 of piston from 0.1 to 5mm soft formation 40 on the radially-outer surface of piston, this top is that the annular slot from the top piston ring extends up to one and is used for installing the otch 39 that piston promotes instrument.This layer outermost act as a break-in layer, and this layer has and the identical composition of the used break-in layer of piston ring.Lower part of piston has a piston skirt 41 of arriving piston top with bolt tightening.This two-part separating surface is shown in broken lines.The outer surface of piston skirt lays the break-in layer 42 that a thickness is at least 0.1mm with thermal spraying.
With thermal spraying material layer being sprayed on the circular object is as you know method.This thermal spraying for example can be flame spraying, plasma spraying, HVOF spraying or electric arc spraying.The whole bag of tricks about spraying for example all has explanation in EP-B 0 341 672, EP-A 0 203 556, WO95/21994 and WO 95/02023.The time can use bulking agent (filler) in spraying, this bulking agent except the impurity that can run into usually, for example can have a kind of in the following composition by weight percentage:
(a) 5 to 60% graphite and 40 to 95% Ni,
(b) 5 to 60% graphite and 40 to 95% Al,
(c) 5 to 60% graphite and 40 to 95% Si and/or Al, or
(d) 5 to 60% graphite, 20 to 90% Si and/or the organic binder of Al and 5 to 15%.
Forming preferably is that bulking agent comprises 20 to 25% graphite and 75 to 80% Ni and/or Al, or bulking agent comprises 15 to 25% graphite and 75 to 85% Ni and/or Al.Example 1
Four outer diameters just in time cast-iron piston ring under 600mm are being fixed by the limit with keeping to the side, and break-in layer of standard plasma spray apparatus coating of producing with METCO.Distance between the outer surface of shower nozzle and piston ring is 115mm, and used electric current is 500A.Relative rotation speed between shower nozzle and the piston ring is set to 27rpm, and piston ring feeding in the axial direction is set to the 7mm/ revolution.The powdery original material that contains the nickel covering graphite spheroid of 20% graphite and 80% nickel infeeds with the amount that 95g/ divides.Whenever internal surface is passed by once, on piston ring, deposit the layer of a 0.02mm thickness.Used carrier band gas is nitrogen.The thickness of deposition is piled up until form the layer that a thickness is 0.15mm.The average hardness that records this layer is 140HV30.Piston ring is separated, no longer through processing later on the piston in the standard cylinder sleeve that just can be contained in one two stroke crosshead engines.The normal maximum combustion pressure of this motor is 145 crust.Load 15% was increased to 100% with load after carrying out 30 minutes initial launch in 15 minutes, continue operation 1.5 hours, made motor stop and checking cylinder sleeve.Fail to observe the actual sign of biting, no matter be on the outer surface of piston ring or on the internal surface at cylinder sleeve.The facet of wearing into can be observed on the outer surface of piston ring, and this shows the piston ring continuously-running and does not form bites phenomenon.Also can be observed part break-in layer from piston ring deposit to piston ring on the internal surface of cylinder sleeve in the zone at top 1/4th in inswept zone.Example 2
The cylinder aperture is the piston skirt that two stroke crosshead engines of 350mm are used, and is the break-in layer of the above-mentioned pattern of 1mm with flame spraying with its cylindrical outer surface coating last layer thickness.The average hardness that records coating after coating is 75HV30.The piston that includes the piston skirt is installed in the traditional cylinder sleeve of motor, the cylinder that turns round has not in a conventional manner been observed on the piston skirt after the break-in and has been bitten phenomenon.
Fig. 5 illustrates an example of the break-in method of a new diesel engine of crosshead, and wherein layer is closed in the buffing that is coated with above-mentioned pattern of the piston ring of motor.After motor assembles, bring into operation, operation 30 minutes under 15% load earlier, shutting engine down is then checked the state of piston ring.After stopping 30 minutes, increase load, be increased to 25%, 40% and 50% by five minutes intervals successively from 15%, operation is 30 minutes under 50% load, do not increase load then with stopping, load is increased to 60%, 75%, 85%, 90% successively by five minutes intervals, at last to 100%.Like this, all engine load just can reach above in total working time of 1.5 hours slightly.Why this quick break-in may be exactly because layer is closed in the buffing on piston ring to full load.Also can finish break-in according to the cumulative mode of other load.
In uncommon experiment once, used motor is existing pattern, and cylinder dimensions are 350mm, and normal maximum combustion pressure is 145 crust.Earlier this motor is moved 30 minutes so that the break-in main bearing was increased to 100% with load then gradually in 15 minutes under 15% load.This full load was kept 1 hour, then motor was stopped and checking the state of piston ring.Surprisingly, though carry out break-in very sharp, on the outer surface of piston ring, do not observed and bitten phenomenon.
The macrohardness of break-in layer not only depends on the composition of break-in layer, and depends on the method for coating.Macrohardness depends on the micro-hardness of each component.Graphite itself can not this means that when content of graphite increased, the micro-hardness of break-in layer just reduced for the micro-hardness of measuring.The micro-hardness of metal adhesive depends on the method for coating, and what can one carry is, for example the layer of forming for nickel and graphite, once recorded in mutually at nickel, when this layer was used flame spraying, micro-hardness was 100HV, and when this layer was used plasma spraying, micro-hardness can reach 600HV.Like this, the macrohardness of break-in layer can change between 40HV and 300HV as required, and this can and select for use flame spraying to realize when needing the break-in layer of a dead-soft by the content of change graphite.If select electric arc spraying for use,, adopt plasma spraying can become harder, and, can reach the hardest when adopting the HVOF spraying just this layer can become firmly.
Claims (13)
1. at the internal-combustion engine of diesel engine formula, piston ring and/or the piston that uses in the two stroke crosshead motors particularly, the maximum combustion pressure of this motor when full load surpasses 135 crust, its piston (5) is provided with several as being three to five piston rings (19), and it is reciprocating in cylinder liner (1), its stroke is at least 750mm, outer diameter when piston ring is contained in the annular slot is at least 250mm, each annular slot height in the axial direction is all than the height height of piston ring, each piston ring all has a radially-outer surface that can slide along the internal surface (13) of cylinder sleeve, it is characterized by, under the state of newly making, a part of radially-outer surface of the radially-outer surface of piston ring and/or piston (5) is provided with a break-in layer that comprises solid lubricant and metal adhesive, this break-in layer (32,37,40,42) thickness diametrically is at least 0.1mm, it is formed by weight percentage, except the impurity that runs into usually, comprise 5 to 60% solid lubricant, as graphite, with 40 to 95% metal adhesive, as Ni, Al, Si, also have optional 15% the organic binder that reaches, the macrohardness of this break-in layer is less than 300HV30.
2. according to the piston ring and/or the piston of claim 1, it is characterized by, break-in layer (32) is laid in thermal spraying on the piston ring or piston billet (30) by steel or iron casting.
3. according to the piston ring and/or the piston of claim 2, it is characterized by, utilize thermal spraying to cover a last wearing layer (36) by the piston ring of steel or iron casting, the micro-hardness of the material of this wearing layer on some point surpasses 1200HV, the surface roughness that is produced by the spraying abrasion-proof layer should be held, up to break-in layer (37) is sprayed on the wearing layer.
4. according to the piston ring and/or the piston of claim 2 or 3, it is characterized by, in the radially-outer surface of piston upper annular slot and the top between the piston-top surface (38) at top piston ring (19), piston billet by steel or iron casting is provided with a thermally sprayed coating, its total layer thickness is from 0.1 to 5mm, and wherein said break-in layer (40) constitutes its most external.
5. according to each piston ring and/or piston among the claim 2-4, it is characterized by, by the piston billet of steel or iron casting its radially-outer surface upper at end piston ring (19) annular slot and the bottom (41) between the lower end of piston be provided with a thermal spraying break-in layer (42).
6. according to each piston ring and/or piston among the claim 2-5, it is characterized by, all piston rings (19) all are coated with break-in layer (32,37), and piston (5) is coated with break-in layer (42) in its bottom under the annular slot of end piston ring at least.
7. according to each piston ring and/or piston in the above claim, it is characterized by, the thickness of the break-in layer on piston ring (32,37) is 0.13 to 3.0mm, preferably is at most 2.0mm.
8. according to each piston ring and/or piston in the above claim, it is characterized by, be used for thermal spraying break-in layer (32,37,40,42) bulking agent composition by weight percentage, except the impurity that runs into usually, can comprise a kind of in the following composition:
(a) 5 to 60% graphite and 40 to 95% Ni,
(b) 5 to 60% graphite and 40 to 95% Al,
(c) 5 to 60% graphite and 40 to 95% Si and/or Al, or
(d) 5 to 60% graphite, 20 to 90% Si and/or the organic binder of Al and 5 to 15%.
9. according to the piston ring and/or the piston of claim 8, it is characterized by, bulking agent has 15 to 25% graphite and 75 to 85% Ni and/or Al.
10. method that is used for two stroke crosshead motors of break-in diesel engine formula, the maximum combustion pressure of this motor when full load surpasses 100 crust, and in this motor, with regard at least one cylinder in the cylinder, one cylinder sleeve (1) is arranged, piston (5) that has several piston rings of newly making (19) can to-and-fro motion in cylinder sleeve, its stroke is at least 750mm, each piston ring has an outer diameter and that is at least 250mm to be docked at radially-outer surface on the inner surface of cylinder liner (13), being characterized as of said method, with engine start and in three hours sum total at the most motor is reached at full capacity, in this period, before engine start, be set on the radially-outer surface of the piston ring of newly making and/or the break-in layer (32 on a part of radially-outer surface of piston, 37,40,42) have at least a part to be transferred on the internal surface (13) of cylinder sleeve, and this break-in layer diametrically thickness before engine start is at least 0.1mm and is made less than the material of 300HV30 by macrohardness.
11. the method according to claim 10 is characterized by, and makes to have the motor of newly making cylinder sleeve and reach in working time at full capacity in three hours sum total at the most, maximum combustion pressure surpasses 135 crust at that time.
12. the method according to claim 10 or 11 is characterized by, and motor is reached in working time at full capacity in 1.5 hours sum total at the most.
13. the method according to claim 10 is characterized by, with one be provided with piston that several new systems go out piston ring install to before in the used cylinder sleeve, pilot engine and motor reached at full capacity in one hour sum total at the most.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97196211 CN1225160A (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1997-10-21 | Piston rings and/or a piston in an internal combustion engine of the diesel type and a method of running-in of a diesel engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK1193/96 | 1996-10-28 | ||
| DK1410/96 | 1996-12-09 | ||
| CN 97196211 CN1225160A (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1997-10-21 | Piston rings and/or a piston in an internal combustion engine of the diesel type and a method of running-in of a diesel engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1225160A true CN1225160A (en) | 1999-08-04 |
Family
ID=5179635
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97196211 Pending CN1225160A (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1997-10-21 | Piston rings and/or a piston in an internal combustion engine of the diesel type and a method of running-in of a diesel engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1225160A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100420843C (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2008-09-24 | 株式会社理研 | Spraying piston ring |
| CN102333903A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2012-01-25 | 联邦摩高布尔沙伊德公司 | Sliding element having adjustable properties |
| CN102517577A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-06-27 | 山推工程机械股份有限公司 | Composite material for piston ring coating, piston ring coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN102869906A (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2013-01-09 | 马勒金属制品有限公司 | Piston ring |
| CN104220629A (en) * | 2012-02-11 | 2014-12-17 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Thermally coated component with a frictionally optimized runway surface |
| CN105074295A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2015-11-18 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Piston ring with localized nitrided coating |
| CN107614945A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2018-01-19 | 马勒金属立夫有限公司 | Piston ring |
| CN110678675A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2020-01-10 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Piston ring and method of manufacturing the same |
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1997
- 1997-10-21 CN CN 97196211 patent/CN1225160A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100420843C (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2008-09-24 | 株式会社理研 | Spraying piston ring |
| CN102333903A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2012-01-25 | 联邦摩高布尔沙伊德公司 | Sliding element having adjustable properties |
| CN102333903B (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2013-09-18 | 联邦摩高布尔沙伊德公司 | Sliding element having adjustable properties |
| CN102869906A (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2013-01-09 | 马勒金属制品有限公司 | Piston ring |
| CN102517577A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-06-27 | 山推工程机械股份有限公司 | Composite material for piston ring coating, piston ring coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN106951578B (en) * | 2012-02-11 | 2020-01-10 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Hot-coated component with friction-optimized running surface |
| CN106951578A (en) * | 2012-02-11 | 2017-07-14 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | The hot cladding member of face surface with friction optimization |
| CN104220629A (en) * | 2012-02-11 | 2014-12-17 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Thermally coated component with a frictionally optimized runway surface |
| CN105074295A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2015-11-18 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Piston ring with localized nitrided coating |
| CN107614945A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2018-01-19 | 马勒金属立夫有限公司 | Piston ring |
| CN110678675A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2020-01-10 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Piston ring and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN110678675B (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2021-02-09 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Piston ring and method of manufacturing the same |
| US11047478B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2021-06-29 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston ring and method of manufacture |
| US11156291B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2021-10-26 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston ring and method of manufacture |
| US11162586B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2021-11-02 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston ring and method of manufacture |
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