CN1224534A - Improved thermoelectric unit with electric input/output provision - Google Patents

Improved thermoelectric unit with electric input/output provision Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1224534A
CN1224534A CN 97196104 CN97196104A CN1224534A CN 1224534 A CN1224534 A CN 1224534A CN 97196104 CN97196104 CN 97196104 CN 97196104 A CN97196104 A CN 97196104A CN 1224534 A CN1224534 A CN 1224534A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
thermoelectric
cold
backing
heat conductivity
low heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN 97196104
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
J·M·施勒德
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TRYPORT INTERNATIONAL GmbH
Original Assignee
TRYPORT INTERNATIONAL GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TRYPORT INTERNATIONAL GmbH filed Critical TRYPORT INTERNATIONAL GmbH
Priority to CN 97196104 priority Critical patent/CN1224534A/en
Publication of CN1224534A publication Critical patent/CN1224534A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

A torus (60) formed by a series of closely overlaying thermocouple, which hold in state of compressing by electrical isolation band clamp (61) to restist Lorentz force. A low conductivity element (64) and a trough (38) formed in heat sheet and cool sheet (66 and 65) to reduce path-length of curcuit to circulate large current in the torus (60). Higher circle current is generated by reducing heat transmission between the heat sheet and the cool sheet (66 and 65). A thermoelectrical knot formed between the heat sheet and the cool sheet (66 and 65) and the low conductivity element (64) is composed by coatings (67) with different material, the material including Bi, constantan, Ni, Se, Te, Si, Ge, Sb, nichrome, Fe, Cd, wolfram, Au, Cu, Zn and Ag. When operated as a thermoelectrical electrical generator (40), sucting electric power from circulating current by any one of vibrating machanical switch (70), Hall effect generator (140), or Colpitts vibrator (159).

Description

A kind of improved thermoelectric unit with electricity input and electric output device
The present invention relates to a kind of thermoelectric power generation and refrigeration unit, relate in particular to thermoelectric generator and refrigerator, it utilizes the torus of being made by close-connected thermocouple (torus), these thermocouple utilizations have the thermoelectricity knot of low resistance and high Seebeck effect, make the very big electric current of being responded to by the maximum temperature difference at thermoelectric element two ends circulate in torus.
For seek reliably noiseless and do not have moving component to be used for thermal power transfer be the energy converter of electric energy, engineers is re-recognized be called as the phenomenon of thermoelectric effect.Known these effects over more than 100 year make it possible to develop little self-contained power supply, yet do not find the practical application on family or commercial electricity production because it is too little.
A kind of common electric switch generally only uses with a kind of metal, does not wherein attempt heating or cools off any element, can not produce thermoelectric voltage owing to the difference between the switch element.Resistance in the ordinary tap can cause voltage drop when electric current is flowed through switch, and constitutes the ohmic load of the circulating current of the closed circuit set up by the closure of switch of flowing through.
Thermoelectric power generation and refrigeration based on Seebeck effect are a kind of physical phenomenons, according to this phenomenon, use the thermocouple detected temperatures, thermocouple by two kinds different generally be metal or metal alloy the material juxtaposition and form.As is well known, the thermocouple with a pair of knot under the different temperatures of being maintained at produces potential difference, and this potential difference is used to measure the specific temperature difference between two knots.Temperature difference that applies will produce voltage at the thermocouple two ends, or at the flow through electric current of loop of thermocouple of generation, constitute the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of low capacity.This aspect of thermoelectric power generation is widely used in the space application, for example is used for still beaming back having more than 20 year so far of emission in 1977 the Voyager I and the Voyager II satellite of image.In this application of thermoelectric power generation, radioactive material provides heat energy for thermoelectric generator, thereby long-life energy is provided.Similarly thermoelectric generating device also will be used for Cassini Saturn flight on the horizon.The advantage of thermoelectric solid state energy conversion comprises that volume is little, and is in light weight, noiselessness operation and fault-free ground generating in long life period.
The history that thermoelectric power generation and refrigeration are existing about more than 100 years is found in 1822 years by Seebeck.For many years, a large amount of improvement and analysis have been carried out in the work of Seebeck, and applied for many patents according to the improvement that this early stage discovery is carried out.The major part work of this respect relates to seeks metallic combination or the alloy that produces the highest Seebeck junction voltage, and the thermoelectricity that is used to connect is thermoelectric element occasionally, so that produce high voltage, is used to provide electric current to power to electrical load.
Most of thermoelectric generator uses one group of knot that is connected in series, and is used to produce the electric current that drives electrical load.In general, the material with high Seebeck voltage also has the high resistance that is tending towards reducing by the electric current of circuit.Previous thermoelectric generator and refrigerator use alloy, so that to produce high Seebeck voltage under the identical thermocouple temperature difference.The Seebeck voltage of alloy generally is several times of technical pure metal (99%) that constitute this alloy, yet the resistance of finding alloy generally is 10 times of simple metal.Ifs circuit only contains the thermoelectric element of the series connection of the electric current that produces the circuit of flowing through, and then the higher resistance in any thermoelectric element will reduce the electric current of the circuit of flowing through sharp.
Structure of the present invention is different with following United States Patent (USP) in many aspects, and these patents are: 4,859,250,5 of Buist application, 022,928,2,919,553 of Fritts application, 3,326,727,3,119 of Von Koch application, 739,3,090,875 of Harkness application, 2 of Toulmin application, 864,879,2,425,647 of Salver application, 2,415,005 of Findley application, and the following United States Patent (USP) of inventor's application:
4,997,047?High?Speed?Electromagnetically?AcceleratedEarth?Drill；
5,024,137?Fuel?Assisted?Electromagnetic?Launcher；
5,168,118?Method?for?Electromagnetic?Acceleration?of?anObject；
5,168,939?Oil?Well?Drill；
5,393,350 Thermoelectric Generator and Magnetic EnergyStorage Unit; And
5,597,976?A?Thermoelectric?Generator?and?Magnetic?EnergyStorage?Unit?with?Controllable?Electric?Output。
It is maximum the objective of the invention is to make the electrical power that is produced by thermoelectric generator, and a kind of transducer of practicality is provided, and it can produce, and can be used for directly and not need be by means of alternating voltage and the electric current of utility network to family and industrial load power supply.
Another object of the present invention is to make the electric current that circulates in the torus of thermoelectricity knot for maximum, and so as to making the energy maximum of in high-intensity magnetic field, storing.Making circulating current is that maximum realizes by following method:
1 reduces the internal resistance in the torus;
2 so select to be used to constitute the material of the thermoelectricity knot of torus, make to produce the highest electric current that this is consistent with low internal resistance; And
3 make the hot-fluid minimum between backing and cold, have the highest temperature difference so as to keeping each knot, thereby have the highest Seebeck driving voltage.
Specifically, thermoelectric unit of the present invention uses such material to constitute thermoelectric knot, make thermoelectric knot produce the Seebeck voltage of opposite in sign, be called p section bar material system and n section bar material system here, and used material has high Seebeck voltage and high conductance (low resistance).
Another object of the present invention is, produces (" AC ") of the interchange in the 0-240V scope or (" DC ") high energy electric output power of direct current by disturbing the circulating current in the torus.
An additional purpose of the present invention is, is coated with the high conductivity of skim thermoelectric material and the copper or the silver-colored core of high thermal conductivity by use, provides a kind of p of making type and n type thermoelectric element to have the new method of improved conductance and high Seebeck voltage.The said structure of thermoelectric element forms the thermoelectricity knot as high Seebeck voltage, the work of high conductivity generator, so as to the higher circulating current of generation in torus, thereby under the identical temperature difference and hot-fluid, from the higher power of thermoelectric generator output.
An additional purpose of the present invention is, between thermoelectric element and backing and cold, use threaded knot, make thermoelectric element as thermal resistor, be used to reduce the hot-fluid between backing and cold, so as to increasing the temperature difference that thermoelectricity is tied, thereby increase total conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of thermoelectric unit.
Another object of the present invention is, uses by utilization to have the thermoelectric element that the threaded copper core of different metal plating of complementary high Seebeck voltage forms, and makes the thermoelectric element of high conductivity also produce high thermoelectric junction voltage.
Another object of the present invention is, be used to receive the resistance that thermoelectric element reduces the sheet two ends by fluting on backing and the cold both sides, thermoelectric element is installed in the groove, so as to reducing one side from backing or cold to the length the thermoelectric element of another side.
Another object of the present invention is, partly threaded bar is comprised that the screw thread flattening becomes ellipse, and the feasible screw thread that keeps on the threaded rod reduces staggered thermojunction and material distance and the resistance between the cold junction simultaneously again.
An attached purpose of the present invention is, use the copper connector of thin metal coating as resistance, the tip that is used for the screw thread of thermoelectric element is connected with thermometal sheet and cold metal sheet, because interconnection of being made by electroplated metal layer and the thermoelectricity knot that links than alloy do not present less resistance.
A relevant purpose of the present invention is, use electrodeposited coating on backing and cold and thermoelectric element, to provide anticorrosive anti oxidation layer, for example by electroplate the zone that flame on the backing and hot gas touch with platinum or palladium, or as the catalytic conversion agent of the gas that is used for the heat hot electric generator of discharging, pollute so as to reducing, stop the backing oxidation of heating simultaneously.
Another additional purpose of the present invention is, uses electrodeposited coating to form metal flat and connects, and in the feasible life-span of improving thermoelectric knot, itself and environment is completely cut off, and keep the high Seebeck voltage characteristic of knot at the life period of device.
Another object of the present invention is, a kind of thermoelectric unit that uses the low heat conductivity thermoelectric element is provided, described thermoelectric element is made of the two halves that the vertical surface of low heat conductivity along conduction links mutually, and the low heat conductivity thermoelectric element of Gou Chenging is received in the groove of formation in the backing of thermoelectric unit and cold like this.
Another object of the present invention is, uses special-purpose strap to surround thermoelectric unit, is used to bear the Lorentz force that produces in torus, and strap is fixed around the electric current storage ring of annular, ties maintenance prestressing force at thermoelectricity.
Another object of the present invention is, uses strap to surround thermoelectric unit, has clearance for insulation in the strap, to the strap decoupling zero as secondary winding.
A relevant purpose of the present invention is, between by backing and cold ring that forms and strap spring is set, and is used to the prestressing force that keeps required, so that overcome Lorentz force, and no matter owing to variations in temperature makes the coil pucker ﹠ bloat.
Another object of the present invention is, constitute a kind of novel black casing that surrounds backing, infrared heat reflected back backing once more, thereby improve the efficient of the chamber of heating backing, so as to the temperature of rising backing, increase the temperature difference on thermoelectric knot both sides, be increased in the amplitude of the electric current that circulates in the torus, increase is as the electrical power delivery efficiency of the thermoelectric unit of thermoelectric generator, and all these is for the fuel of equal number.
Another object of the present invention is, use fluid, air for example, water, or other liquid siphons away heat from cold of thermoelectric generator, and can use described fluid in heat pump, radiator or other device then, thereby siphons away the heat in the fluid, make the fluid cooling, and then make circulation of fluid by thermoelectric unit.
Another object of the present invention is, utilizes the moving power output switch of low power mangneto, and this switch is made of the screw thread armature of extensional vibration, and armature is subjected to the mechanism of solenoid along a direction, is subjected to spring action in the opposite direction.Armature is set in the bigger screwed hole that forms between the sheet of a pair of direct neighbor, and the two all has the screw thread of identical pitch armature and hole.Screw thread armature and screwed hole constitute an on-off switch, be used for the loop that electric current of open and close circulates by torus, make when the screw thread of armature and hole about two positions when contacting, electric current passes through torus, when not contacting, then the interruption of current in torus produces the electricity output that is used to drive electrical load, and like this, described switch is worked as a kind of low-power input high power output device.
Another object of the present invention is, a kind of machinery input is provided, be used to be actuated at the solenoid of the vibroswitch that uses when utilizing the thermoelectric unit generating, perhaps use the mechanical means of finger manipulation, the vibrating body that one of them unidirectional spring drives forces solenoid to vibrate several cycles, till the output of the electricity of thermoelectric unit can self-powered be given a sine-wave generator, described sine-wave generator was for vibration, voltage produce, the power supply of electric current blocking switch.In addition, the piezo-electric generator of finger manipulation can at first be provided for the spark of ignition combustion chamber.After thermoelectric unit reaches operating temperature, use the enough electric energy of piezo-electric generator storage then, be used for to the sine-wave generator power supply, thereby drive solenoid, till the power output of thermoelectric generator can drive the external electric load.
Another object of the present invention is, a kind of new method is provided, be used for from drawing electric energy by the electric current of torus circulation, wherein insert hall-effect switch between a pair of of the direct neighbor by one in torus thermoelectric knot, and needn't disconnect torus perpendicular to the magnetic field of the electric current that circulates by torus by what control that the outside applies.When applying the external magnetic field, a voltage appears at the both sides of torus, and itself and magnetic field intensity and circulating current are directly proportional, and according to the characteristic of external magnetic field, can be to exchange or form draw power from thermoelectric unit of direct current.The electrical power of Chan Shenging can be used to operate electrical load in this way, and does not interrupt by the mobile circulating current of torus, and does not vibrate or noise.
Another object of the present invention is, puts on the flowing of fuel that produces the combustion chamber of heat for thermoelectric generator by control and controls the voltage that is produced by thermoelectric unit.
Another object of the present invention is, a kind of thermoelectric generator is provided, and its burning is installed in methane, propane or butane gas in the casing on the thermoelectric unit from the outside.
Another object of the present invention is, a kind of thermoelectric generator is provided, and it provides the fuel of the feasible any kind that can burn of blast pipe of upward opening by the air-cooled fuel combustion zone to the backing below.
Another object of the present invention is, in that an auxiliary grid is provided above the heat extraction tube opening on the top of thermoelectric generator, is used to receive the container that is used to cook.
Thermoelectric unit of the present invention by make big electric current flow through the series connection the thermoelectricity that forms torus that preferably is set up set up magnetic field occasionally.By providing heat to backing, make cold cooling, and disturb the circulating current in the loop, can from this thermoelectric unit, draw electric energy.The electric energy of Chan Shenging can be a high voltage in this way, the interchange of high energy or direct current output.The efficient of generator depends on that thermoelectric knot uses and has complementary high Seebeck voltage, high conductivity (low resistance) and staggered p type and the n section bar material system with quite low thermal conductivity between a pair of backing of direct neighbor and cold.
The voltage of drive current by torus is the thermoelectric voltage sum around the loop of be connected in series (electric short circuit) of the torus that forms thermoelectric unit.Thermoelectric unit provides the ability of electrical power multiply by the electric current that circulates by torus and determine by be multiply by thermoelectric junction voltage by footing.The annular of torus is being stored energy as the primary side work of transformer in the magnetic field that is produced by circulating current.Suitable interference to circulating current will produce the voltage of powering to external loading.
Other structures provide quite low thermal conductivity between a pair of backing of direct neighbor and cold, high conductance (low resistance) also is provided simultaneously.In an embodiment of these low heat conductivity elements, be set between backing and cold and and short section of cold juxtaposed threaded rod of backing can reduce hot-fluid, and so as to correspondingly increasing the temperature difference, and when as generator, increase the thermoelectrical efficiency of thermoelectric unit.In order to improve the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of the unit that is used to generate electricity, the tip that connects backing and cold screw thread suitably applies the material as electronic emitter and electron collector of the high Seebeck voltage that provides complementary.The effect of the thermoelectricity knot that constitutes in this way is equivalent to a thermistor, it has along the plane thermal gradient that the wedge-shaped edge of threaded rod is radially operated, thereby significantly reduce hot-fluid, simultaneously the high temperature difference of maintenance between screw thread tip and backing are with cold by thermoelectricity knot.The thermoelectricity that is used to the generate electricity knot that this structure of thermoelectric knot forms with the cooperation of solid different metal piece is compared, and aspect power generation performance, its conversion efficiency of thermoelectric improves 10 times.By at additional thermal resistance between backing and cold, be used to produce the required heat of scheduled current that circulates by torus and be reduced 80%.Threaded rod by containing these coatings to form thermoelectric knot between backing and cold, can make conversion efficiency of thermoelectric bring up to 12% from 4%.The improved thermal design of this thermoelectric unit is used at thermoelectric unit under the situation of identical heat (fuel) and identical weight (quality) can provide more powerful generator/output device.
In order further to improve the conductance (minimizing resistance) in the torus, in backing and cold, form groove, make the distance that reduces the electric current process that circulates by torus.In assembling during torus, the groove in backing and cold receives low heat conductivity element, for example above-mentioned threaded rod.By making backing and cold fluting remove half of copper path, the copper path for L/A is 1 makes the resistance that produces owing to the copper path from 1.72 * 10 -6Ohm reduces to 8.6 * 10 -7Ohm, this doubles the quantity of the electric current that circulates by torus, and only reduces a few percent in the temperature difference on the thermoelectric knot of low heat conductivity element both sides.
Partly threaded rod being flattened becomes ellipse and has reduced L among the ρ L/A, thereby further increases the electric current that circulates by torus.Comprise screw thread owing to flatten a kind of particular manufacturing craft of threaded rod, thereby during flattening, keep the screw thread on the threaded rod.Flatten threaded rod by the part, the screw thread tip is contacted with backing on a side of the threaded rod of part flattening, and at another side, threaded rod contacts, and reduces the length that centers on loop in the thermoelectric element with cold.By reducing staggered thermojunction and material distance and resistance between the cold junction to the local flattening of threaded rod.
The interconnection that is formed by the material of coating on the low heat conductivity element does not present the high resistivity that is taken place for the thermoelectric knot of alloy with being connected.Therefore, forming ohm copper between the coat of metal that Huan Xing thermoelectric unit can be by application of thin and the thermometal sheet that constitutes torus most advanced and sophisticated at the screw thread of bar and the cold metal sheet is connected and assembles.Coating also can be advantageously used in the formation protective layer, prevents backing and cold corrosion and oxidation, and is used to protect the low heat conductivity thermoelectric element.The platinum of the regional backing that touches at flame and hot gas or the coating of palladium are as when thermoelectric unit is used as thermoelectric generator and the catalytic conversion agent of the discharge gas that produces.This has the effect that reduces pollution, prevents that simultaneously backing is oxidized when thermoelectric unit is used to generate electricity.If being installed in the internal combustion engine generator, thermoelectric generator, then reduces to pollute being even more important by the waste gas heating of internal combustion engine generator.In the present invention, this coating can be used to form the metal flat knot that is similar to the silicon planar junction in the semiconductor device, thereby the life-span of improving knot completely cuts off itself and environment, and keep the high Seebeck voltage characteristic of knot in the life period of device.
Improved element makes resistance from 10 -6Reduce to 10 -7Ohm, and Seebeck voltage is doubled for every group of thermoelectric knot.The material of selecting that is used for complementary high Seebeck voltage is plated in anaerobic, on the local threaded copper bar that flattens.These low heat conductivity elements have threaded cross section, so that reduce hot-fluid, increase the temperature difference, and increase the whole thermoelectrical efficiency of generator.
The another kind of structure that is set at the low heat conductivity element between the backing of direct neighbor and cold is the pin that is enclosed in the groove that forms among backing and cold.These pins are made of the two halves that adjoin each other along the vertical surface at the low heat conductivity of the conduction between backing and cold.Each low heat conductivity element can be coated with the material layer that thermocouple is provided the high Seebeck voltage of complementation.These materials can be from comprising bismuth, constantan, and nickel, selenium, tellurium, silicon, germanium, antimony, nichrome, iron, cadmium, tungsten, gold, copper is selected in the group of zinc and silver, and bismuth and antimony are that the preferred material that provides p type knot and n type to tie is provided.Be plated on the low heat conductivity element coating can with conductive layer for example copper cover.Replace with the complementary high Seebeck voltage material coating low heat conductivity element that constitutes thermoelectric knot, or remove with outside the complementary high Seebeck voltage material coating low heat conductivity element that constitutes thermoelectric knot, the groove in backing and cold can utilize the above-mentioned material coating.Groove utilization on first side of each sheet provides the material layer coating of one type knot, and the groove utilization on the opposite side of each sheet provides the material coating of the knot of another kind of type.Then, these sheets are so arranged, and make identical materials form the layer that coating receives the groove of identical low heat conductivity element.Identical materials can be used for that coating lower thermal conductivity element is the same to be used for the described groove of coating, and the material that is used to be coated with coating bath also can cover with electric conducting material.
Special-purpose strap surrounds thermoelectric generator, is used to bear the Lorentz force that is produced by the electric current that circulates by torus.When electric current flowed in a loop, electric current applied a power on himself, and this power is called as Lorentz force.The direction of this power radially, and available formula F=q (E+V * B) describe.Strap is installed on the torus, so that electrical connection place between sheet and lower thermal conductivity element keeps prestressing force.Strap is used to keep prestressing force, so that offset the Lorentz force that big circulating current produces.Strap contains clearance for insulation, so that to the strap decoupling zero, makes it not become secondary winding as the transformer of the electric current loop of the primary winding effect of transformer, if the current draw energy from circulating by the annular heat electric unit.The coil spring that is arranged between strap and backing and cold makes strap can be kept for overcoming the required stress of Lorentz force, although since variations in temperature torus is shunk and expands.
If thermoelectric unit is as generator, in order to improve the efficient of the chamber that is used to heat backing, constitute a novel black casing around backing, be used for infra-red heat reflected back backing once more.When utilizing fired heater work, have been found that the major part of the heat that catalytic burner produces is the form of infrared radiation.This infrared radiation is advanced by backing, is drained at exhaust outlet.Being provided with of black casing sent the part of this infrared radiation on the backing back to, for the fuel at combustion chamber internal combustion equal number, the temperature of the backing that can raise increases the thermoelectric temperature difference of tying, increase the amplitude of electric current in the loop, increase the potential electrical power output of generator.
Use liquid cools as cold low-temperature receiver as two embodiment of the thermoelectric unit of generator work.In a kind of trough-shaped container of opening, all cold are immersed in the tank, when water absorbs enough heats and just evaporation when seething with excitement from the cold junction of thermoelectricity.A kind of manifolding of sealing uses cold of liquid cools thermoelectric unit, way is or water or liquid coolant once and then with cooling agent is discharged by cold, perhaps make water or liquid coolant pass through radiator recirculation so that cooling liquid makes liquid pass through thermoelectric unit recirculation under sealing and condition for continuous then.
Another embodiment as the thermoelectric unit of generator operation adopts air-cooled.The hair-dryer of the sub-fraction power supply of an electric energy that is produced by thermoelectric generator is facing to cold blowing, thereby from thermoelectricity knot draw heat, and the heat transferred air-flow is emitted in the environment or in heat pump or other system uses.
By destroying the magnetic field that is produced by circulating current, the big electric current that circulates in torus allows to draw electric energy from thermoelectric unit.When operating as generator, can be with different modes from the thermoelectric unit draw power.A kind of mode of simple absorption electrical power is to use the threaded armature of extensional vibration, and it is in the bigger threaded hole of the diameter that forms between at direct neighbor a pair of.Vibration armature is driven along a direction by means of the mechanism of solenoid, and is driven along another direction by means of the effect of spring.When operating in this way, threaded armature and hole form an on-off switch, and it opens the loop with the closed electric current that circulates by torus.When the screw thread of armature and hole when upper-lower position contacts, electric current flows by torus.And when armature does not contact with threaded hole, be generally used for driving the electricity output of external electric load around the interruption of current generation of torus.If backing is made by similar material with cold and separately provided threaded hole by ceramic partition, armature is by then being favourable making with cold different material with backing aspect the thermoelectricity capability simultaneously.In this way, when the armature of metal contact backing during with cold different material, the lengthwise movement of armature produces Seebeck voltage.
Solenoid mechanically excited vibration voltage produces switch.Solenoid is powered by sine-wave generator, sine-wave generator after thermoelectric generator is started working from thermoelectric generator received power.The frequency that switch longitudinally vibrates is half of frequency of the output voltage responded to owing to the destruction in magnetic field.Do not use battery for the oscillating action that starts solenoid, invented two kinds of methods; (1) mechanical means of finger manipulation, the vibrating device that wherein uses unidirectional spring to energize forces solenoid to vibrate some cycles, till the electricity output of generator itself can be to the sine-wave generator power supply, and (2) at first stores the piezoelectric approach of the finger manipulation that is used for the electric energy of powering to sine-wave generator.Finger, the quality of spring and vibrating device mechanically makes solenoid, thereby makes vibroswitch equally, operates some cycles, makes not use battery to make the thermoelectric generator self-starting by mechanical device.The vibrating device of vibration stops at the position of the armature that leaves electricity operation, and prepares to carry out another time when needed and manually boot or point triggering.In circuit that the button piezoelectric device is packed into, the piezo-electric generator of finger manipulation also can be used to the to light a fire burner of thermoelectric generator.Piezo-electric generator can provide enough power, is used to force solenoid to vibrate some cycles, till the electricity output generation of thermoelectric generator is enough to operate the power of vibroswitch.
The another kind of method of drawing electric energy from circulating current is to use Hall-effect device.The magnetic field that applies perpendicular to the electric current that flows in fixed conductor produces voltage at the conductor two ends, itself and current vertical and vertical with the external magnetic field that applies.The voltage of Chan Shenging is called Hall voltage in this way.If magnetic field change polarity (or sinusoidal), Hall voltage also will be sinusoidal, thereby produce alternating voltage.By contact (connection) being placed in the ring one section two ends of a thermoelectric knot, and by controlling the magnetic field that the outside applies, voltage will appear on the contact, and this voltage and magnetic field intensity and circulating current are directly proportional.According to the characteristic of external magnetic field, can from the generator loop, draw electrical power with the form of interchange or direct current.The electric current in the stopping ring and draw electric energy not.Low-voltage input to outside magnetic circuit makes that producing high voltage from generator exports, and this high voltage output can be used to operate electrical load.Do not need to open switch, thereby do not vibrate or noise.
When the magnetic field of a tesla puts on by one in 50,000 amperes the thermoelectric unit specific thermoelectric section upward, on this section, then produce the Hall voltage of 1600V.The magnetic field intensity that adjusting applies can control output voltage, the frequency of the electrical power of the frequency decision output in the magnetic field that applies.By using three different hall switch parts, and by utilizing microprocessor-controller controlling magnetic field, can produce the three phase powers with three different outputs.
The simplest a kind of method that is used for the output voltage control of novel thermoelectric generator is the flow fuel that the combustion chamber is supplied with in control, thereby is controlled at the heat that produces in the heat and power system, changes the quantity of the magnetic energy of storage.By generally being controlled at the fuel flow rate of the combustion chamber in the generator, the temperature difference of the knot of control generator, quite uniformly by thermoelectricity tie cold heat then or lead to the pond and take away heat by boiling, perhaps deliver in the surrounding air by the fan air blast cooling.In the simplest remodeling, by increasing heat, voltage is increased to required 120V or 208V, is used to operate family expenses or industrial load.More complicated, successfully used solid-state voltage control, but, this is the simplest method that is applicable to third world countries.
An advantage of the present invention is that thermoelectric generator of the present invention produces useful electric current by the fuel of any required type of burning in not having the system of moving component.
An additional advantage of the present invention is, a kind of improved element is provided, and the high Seebeck material that plates selection on its copper core with threaded cross section that is flattened by the part of anaerobic is made, resistance from 10 -6Ohm reduces to 10 -7Ohm for each Connection Element group, doubles Seebeck voltage, and hot-fluid is reduced, and increases the temperature difference, thereby increases the whole conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of generator.
A bigger advantage of the present invention is, increased the thermal resistance between backing and cold, is used for the required heat of drive current and is reduced 80%, makes conversion efficiency of thermoelectric rise to 12% from 4%.
The present invention also has an advantage to be, torus is made of thermoelectric element, described thermoelectric element is formed by high Seebeck voltage material complementary on the technical pure metal-plated of specific type, make electric current improve 10 times, this be because, compare with the knot of being made by the combination of the alloy of simple metal, the resistance of simple metal has reduced 10 times.
The present invention also has an advantage to be, has formed the thermoelectric knot of the metal flat that is similar to silicon planar junction in the semiconductor technology, in the life-span of having improved thermoelectric knot, thermoelectric knot and environment is isolated, and keep the high Seebeck voltage characteristic of thermoelectric knot at the life period of device.
These and other advantage characteristics and purpose of the present invention can be clear that more by the detailed description those of ordinary skill in the art who carries out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of thermoelectric generator of the present invention, the surface and the gas fuel tank of expression thermoelectric generator;
Fig. 2 is the perspective view of the vibration output switch of expression torus, thermoelectric element and thermoelectric generator;
Fig. 3 is the top view of the vibration output switch of expression torus, thermoelectric element and thermoelectric generator;
Fig. 4 is the perspective view of insulation strap that is used to retrain the stress application in advance of thermoelectric generator;
Fig. 5 is expression torus, thermoelectric element, ring, and the partial top view of the spring between thermoelectric element and the strap;
Fig. 6 uses the copper bar to carry out the schematic diagram of ohm connection of thermoelectric element between heat and cold copper sheet;
Fig. 7 uses iron to carry out the schematic diagram of the complementation connection of thermoelectric element between heat and cold copper sheet;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram, last figure is illustrated in the threaded shaft-like low heat conductivity element between backing and cold, below corresponding curve representation between a pair of backing and cold temperature gradient and the relation of the position between the sheet, illustrate that conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is than 10 times of solid thermocouple increases of being made by different materials shown in Figure 9;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram, last figure is illustrated in the solid different materials between backing and cold, below corresponding curve representation between a pair of backing and cold temperature gradient and the relation of the position between the sheet, illustrate that conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is than 10 times of threaded shaft-like lower thermal conductivity element minimizings shown in Figure 8;
Figure 10 is the schematically partial section of the threaded shaft-like low heat conductivity element of expression when being mounted in backing and the cold groove;
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of length of the current path of the thermoelectricity knot of expression with the backing of fluting and cold, is the electric model of thermoelectric knot below;
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of length of current path of the backing with fluting of expression series connection and cold thermoelectricity knot, is the electric model of the thermoelectricity knot of series connection below;
Figure 13 A be as the low heat conductivity element the vertical section schematic diagram and the cross sectional representation of threaded bar;
Figure 13 B be as the low heat conductivity element by the vertical section schematic diagram and the cross sectional representation of the local threaded bar that flattens, says the circuit length of the shortening of the bar that strides across local pressing;
Cross sectional representation during Figure 14 alignment that is the low heat conductivity element that flattens in the backing of fluting and cold;
Figure 15 is expression by the partial section of the signal of the thermoelectricity of coating knot and the catalyst coatings on backing and cold;
Figure 16 is the partial section of the thermoelectric knot in plane that formed by brazing or plating of expression;
Figure 17 is the sectional view of the signal of getting by the center line of thermoelectric generator, and the black casing reheater of backing is returned infra-red heat in expression from exhaust outlet;
Figure 18 is the partial section of the air cooled signal of getting by the center line of thermoelectric generator of expression;
Figure 19 is the partial section of the water-cooled signal of getting by the center line of thermoelectric generator of expression;
Figure 20 be thermoelectric generator water cooled pipeline signal the item view;
Figure 21 is the schematic diagram that is used for the dynamo-electric self-starting system of thermoelectric generator, and it uses vibroswitch shown in Figure 25, wherein utilizes piezo-electric generator to be used for lighting the combustion chamber of the thermoelectric generator of gas energy supply;
Figure 22 is to use the schematic diagram of mechanical device that is used to start thermoelectric generator of current interruptions vibroswitch shown in Figure 25;
Figure 23 is the schematic diagram of electric current blocking switch that is used for extracting from thermoelectric generator the vibration of electrical power that is in open-circuit condition;
Figure 24 is the schematic diagram of electric current blocking switch that is in the vibration of closed circuit state;
Figure 25 is the sectional view of the signal of oscillating current blocking switch, figure A represents closure state, wherein different metal armatures are picked up by solenoid, make armature screw thread and backing and cold screw thread contact, figure B represents open-circuit condition, and armature is in the middle part, do not contact backing and cold, figure C represents closure state, and armature is afterburning downwards by spring, makes armature screw thread and backing and cold screw thread contact;
Figure 26 is the schematic diagram of oscillating current blocking switch, wherein utilizes the electric capacity oscillating circuit, so that improve the sinusoidal wave quality of electric output waveform;
Figure 27 is the top view of signal, and expression uses oscillating current blocking switch to realize that the electricity output of thermoelectric generator connects;
Figure 28 is the schematic diagram of the thermocouple torus of thermoelectric generator, expression be used for from the torus draw power and not interruptive current Hall-effect device, figure A represents the magnetic field towards the stack of paper, figure B represents to deviate from the magnetic field of the stack of paper, explanation in conductor electric current when a side is advanced rapidly, movement of electrons produces in conductor and to stride across conductor, perpendicular to the voltage of magnetic field and electric current;
Figure 29 is the schematic diagram of the thermocouple torus of thermoelectric generator, represents a Hall-effect device, and it produces the voltage by the switch mosfet blocking, thereby produces ac output current;
Figure 30 is the schematic diagram of the thermocouple torus of thermoelectric generator, is illustrated in electric current and relevant magnetic field in the torus;
Figure 31 is the schematic diagram of low heat conductivity element, and it also is and backing and cold Hall-effect device that contacts, and the explanation electric current, hot-fluid, the magnetic field of the stack of Hall-effect device and the voltage on the low heat conductivity element;
Figure 32 is the schematic diagram of low heat conductivity element-Hall-effect device, and expression is sandwiched in backing and is connected with connected in electrical series with the electrical power output circuit with element between cold;
Figure 33 is a partial schematic sectional view, and expression is sandwiched in the low heat conductivity element-Hall-effect device between backing and cold;
Figure 34 A is the vertical section schematic diagram, and expression strides across 6 utmost point electromagnets of two low heat conductivity element-Hall-effect devices;
Figure 34 B is vertical section, the end schematic diagram that strides across cold 6 utmost point electromagnets;
Figure 35 is the schematic diagram of thermoelectric generator, is illustrated under the situation to system's heat supply, and thermal source, low-temperature receiver, and with the electric current in the torus of generation mode work;
Figure 36 is with the schematic diagram of the thermoelectric generator of type of cooling work, is used for thermoelectric cooling, in the part of heat intake system, and it is transferred to another part of system;
Figure 37 is the plane graph of another embodiment of low heat conductivity element, and it is by means of forming conduction in abutting connection with two half elements, vertical surface of low heat conductivity and forming;
Figure 38 A-C is the plane graph that is used to illustrate thermoelectric another embodiment that ties, and it uses the low heat conductivity element of another embodiment shown in Figure 27 to constitute;
Figure 39 is a schematic diagram, and the another kind of technology that is produced electrical power by the torus shown in Fig. 2-5 is described; And
Figure 40 is a schematic diagram, illustrates in the operation of torus when being used for thermoelectric cooling shown in Fig. 2-5.
In Fig. 1-3, be applicable to that the big circulating current of thermoelectric unit utilization in the torus 60 of the thermocouple that closely piles up as thermoelectric generator 40 produces suitable electricity output.The thermocouple of series connection constitutes torus 60, and each thermocouple 55 (Figure 10 and shown in Figure 15) comprises backing 66 and cold 65 and is clipped in therebetween low heat conductivity element 64.As Figure 10, shown in 15,16, conductive material layer 67T, 94Au, and 94Ag can be inserted between low heat conductivity element 64 and sheet 65 and 66.Thermoelectric generator 40 also comprises circumference device (strap 61), be used for thermocouple is remained in the torus 60, be used at backing 66 (Fig. 6,7, with 10) the device (burner 77 among Figure 17) of fire end 51 heating backings 66, be used for device cold 65 of cold 65 colling end 53 cooling (water 82 of Figure 17-20 or air 100), with the device (vibroswitch 70 Fig. 3 and the 23-27 that is used for drawing electric output current from torus 60, the Hall effect generator 140 of Figure 29, or the Colpitts oscillator among Figure 39 159).As shown in figure 35, pass through the electric current that torus 60 circulates from thermal source 150 through the hot-fluid induction that is included in the thermoelectricity knot arrival radiator 151 the torus 60, shown in Figure 35 letter I and arrow.
In Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, each backing 66 is made into an elongated element, has contact jaw 52 and fire end 51, and each cold 65 is made into an elongated element, has contact jaw 54 and colling end 53.Each sheet 65 and 66 is by same material, promptly have high conductivity preferably industrial pure copper make.Backing separates and contacts with it with at least one low heat conductivity element 64 at contact jaw with 65 with cold 66, and the low heat conductivity element has the surface of being made by the different conducting metals of high complementary Seebeck voltage.If low heat conductivity element 64 is made by a kind of material, this material is industrial pure ni preferably.Each low heat conductivity element 64 can be coated with layer of conductive material layer 67 or 67A, and for example industrial pure copper layer 67 or iron layer 67A are used for and sheet 65,66 contacts.
In Fig. 8 and Figure 10-16, low heat conductivity element 64T and 64FT and conductive material layer 67 are configured, and make to have and backing and cold 66,65 little surface area that contacts, so that reduce heat transmission.Lower thermal conductivity element 64T and conductive material layer 67T with the outer surface of backing and cold 66,65 contact on made screw thread.Shown in the curve of Fig. 8, compare with threadless low heat conductivity element 64 shown in Figure 9, threaded shaft-like low heat conductivity element 64T and conductive material layer 67T make the temperature difference between thermoelectricity knot heat and cold increase by 10 times, thereby conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is increased.
In Figure 13 and Figure 14, low heat conductivity element 64FT and conductive material layer 67FT comprise that screw thread is flattened and add screw thread partly, so that reduce backing and cold 66G, and the length of travel L of distance between the 65G and the electric current that circulates by torus 60.Low heat conductivity element 64T, 64FT is the threaded bar that the available nickel of difference becomes with copper with electric conductor, and it is flattened partly becomes ellipse, so that the length of advancing by the minimizing electric current reduces resistance, keep the temperature difference of the maximum between backing and cold 66,65 simultaneously.
In Figure 10-12 and 14, for the further length that reduces L, each backing and cold 66G, 65G is included in each sheet 65G, at least one groove 38 that forms on the contact jaw 52 of 66G and 54 the every side.Groove 38 receives the low heat conductivity element 64FT of contact conductive material layer 67FT, so as to the length of the stroke L that reduces electric current, shown in Figure 11 and 12.
In Figure 15 and 16, each threaded low heat conductivity element 64T and conductive material layer 67T and backing and cold 66G, each groove 38 of 65G is coated with rare metal layer 94Au and/or the 94Ag that selects from the group that comprises silver and gold, so that be increased in the conductance of the junction between the groove 38 in low heat conductivity element 64 and the sheet 65,66.
The selection of material system of the thermoelectric element that constitutes torus 60 of being used to interconnect is by considering to have very low resistivity, and whether the material of not contributing Seebeck voltage will increase the electric current that circulates by torus 60 significantly, consider perhaps whether the material of opposite types contributes the Seebeck voltage of enough complementations, the higher resistivity of this material carries out so that compensate.For example, the low heat conductivity element 64 that is sandwiched in the threaded copper between the copper sheet 66 and 65 of hot and cold does not produce Seebeck voltage, but the resistivity of copper is 1.72 * 10 -6Ohm-cm, this and the metal that will produce complementary Seebeck voltage for example resistivity are 6.80 * 10 -6The nickel of ohm-cm is compared, and is low-down.For the torus 60 of the low heat conductivity element 64 that uses threaded iron, its resistivity is 9.71 * 10 -6Ohm-cm produces 18.5 * 10 -6Microvolt/℃ voltage, in order to make the circulating current maximum, iron should be rational selection.Yet difficulty is that available best iron (purity 99.99%) only produces 3.0 * 10 -6Microvolt/℃, rather than 18.5 * 10 -6Microvolt/℃.It seems that from this materials limitations best material is selected to be to use the low heat conductivity element 64 of copper, so that make electric current maximum by torus 60 circulations.If the Seebeck voltage in the handbook that can obtain to mention in front with reasonable prices then should use the threaded low heat conductivity element 64 of iron to constitute thermoelectricity knot in the torus 60.
The spy that Figure 37 explanation is set at the low heat conductivity element 64 between the backing of direct neighbor and cold 66,65 is preferred embodiment in addition.Low heat conductivity element 64 is advantageously made cylindrical pin shape, and it is encased in the groove 38 that forms among backing and cold 66 and 65.These preferred low heat conductivity elements 64 link through hot pressing or hot melt along vertical surface conduction, low heat conductivity by the semicolumn of two copper.Before two semicolumns are linked mutually by hot pressing or hot melt, be by stacked surperficial embossed and produce the screw thread that intersects each other when stacked when two semicolumns.Hot pressing or hot melt link fuses together crossing threaded top, thereby the good conductance between two semicolumns is provided, and the recess between screw thread stays open as pore 89 simultaneously.After two semicolumns were attached at together, low heat conductivity element 64 was placed between adjacent backing and cold 66,65, the vertical surface that makes low heat conductivity between backing and cold to dividing.
In order to set up thermoelectric knot, each low heat conductivity element 64 can plate the material layer of the high Seebeck voltage that for example provides complementary.The material that plates can be from comprising bismuth, constantan, and nickel, selenium, tellurium, silicon, germanium, antimony, nichrome, iron, cadmium, tungsten, gold, copper is selected in the group of zinc and silver, and bismuth and antimony are that the preferred material that provides p type knot and n type to tie is provided.Best n type coating should be bismuth layer 67Bi, shown in Figure 38 A.Best P type coating should be antimony layer 67sb, shown in Figure 38 A.Shown in Figure 38 A, layer 67Bi and layer 67Sb on the opposite side of backing 66 with on cold 65 opposite side, be different.As shown in figure 12, the conductive layer 67 that the threaded and threaded p type that is crushed and n type low heat conductivity element 64 also are coated with above-mentioned material, preferably bismuth and antimony, they are set to make low heat conductivity element 64 and have different layers 67 on backing and cold 66,65 opposite sides.
Shown in Figure 38 B, remove with complementary high Seebeck voltage material coating low heat conductivity element 64 and form outside the thermoelectric knot, perhaps replace with complementary high Seebeck voltage material coating low heat conductivity element 64 and form thermoelectric knot, the groove 38 in sheet 66,65 can be with described material coating.Groove 38 on first side of each sheet 65 or 66 plates the material layer 88Bi for example that one type thermoelectricity knot is provided, and the material layer that the groove 38 on the opposite side of each sheet 65 or 66 plates the thermoelectricity knot that another kind of type is provided 88Sb for example.Then, sheet 66,65 is so arranged, and makes identical materials form the layer that coating receives the groove 38 of identical low heat conductivity element 64.If low heat conductivity element 64 does not plate the material of high complementary Seebeck voltage, also still need to mate the material type of the backing that contacts same low heat conductivity element 64 and cold 66,65 groove 38.Yet,, should be commaterial at coating on the element 64 and the stacked coating on sheet 65 or 66 if low heat conductivity element 64 is coated with the material of high complementary Seebeck voltage.
Shown in Figure 38 C, the material layer of the high complementary Seebeck voltage of coating sheet 66,65 or low heat conductivity element 64 can further be coated with layer of copper material 87Cu.Utilize the layer 87Cu high complementary Seebeck voltage material layer 67Bi of coating once more, 67Sb, 88Bi, with/or 88Sb help between each low heat conductivity element 64 and the sheet 66,65 that is in contact with it, to form good electrical connection.
In Fig. 3-5, a circumference device is keeping the sheet 65,66 and the low heat conductivity element 64 of torus 60.Thereby strap 61 surrounds torus 60, so that bear the Lorentz force that is produced by circulating current.Strap 61 is considered preferably metal tape from intensity, and it is by fixing around torus 60 (current storage device), so that at electric node junction maintenance prestressing force.Strap 61 comprises clearance for insulation 63, and preferably dielectric material is for example ceramic, utilizes clasp 68 and spring shim 69 to be set at (Fig. 4) in the strap 61, in order to keep prestressing force in torus 60.Clearance for insulation 63 makes strap 61 decoupling zeros, stops it to become the secondary winding of torus 60.On layer 62 strap 61 that is fixed between strap 61 and the torus 60 dielectric and heat-insulating, aspect electric and hot, make the thermocouple short circuit in order to stop strap 61.In Fig. 5, loop also comprises a plurality of torus 60 of thermocouple and coil springs 72 between the strap 61 of being arranged on.The coil spring 72 of compression makes strap 61 keep in order to overcome Lorentz force required stress, and no matter owing to variations in temperature makes strap 61 contractions and expands.
After torus 60 was loaded onto strap 61, no matter the shape that is set at the low heat conductivity element 64 between a pair of backing and cold 66,65 how, whole assembly carried out thermocompression 5 minutes in 450 ℃ vacuum.After thermocompression, whole torus 60 is coated with the nickel material that does not have electricity, and for example high phosphorus is handled, and trade mark is MacDermid, Waterbury, the ELNIC 100 that Connecticut produces.
In Fig. 1 and Figure 17, the device that is used to heat backing 66 of the fire end 51 of backing 66 be included in backing 66 below air-cooled fuel combustion zone 79, it has the outlet opening 90 above fuel combustion zone, and each fire end 51 of each backing 66 is positioned at fuel combustion zone 79.In fuel combustion zone, the fuel of any kind that can burn is as in the catalytic burner 77.As shown in figure 15, each backing 66G can plate one deck platinum or palladium 71 on the fire end 51 of its slotless that contacts with burning gases, as the catalytic conversion agent of the gas of discharging from the combustion zone.Plate layer 71 on the backing 66 and can reduce pollution, and stop backing 66 oxidations.The electric output current that is produced by thermoelectric generator 40 can be controlled by the quantity that control puts on the fuel in the fuel combustion zone.
Fuel combustion zone 79 is equipped with burner 56, and it is expressed as a series of air nozzle in Figure 19, comprises by external box of microvave 50 (Fig. 1) compressed and supplied air-flow to its fuel that provides by pipeline 57.The gaseous fuel of supplied burner 56 is methane preferably, propane, or butane gas.The liquid fuel that combustion chamber 56 can also be supplied to gasification is kerosene for example, diesel oil, fuel oil, Jet-A, JP-A, JP-4, JP-6, JP-8 and gasoline.In addition, the device that is used at fire end 51 heating backings 66 can be the nuclear power thermal source.
In Figure 17, black casing reheater 75 covers the fuel combustion zone 79 around the backing 66, is used for the infra-red heat reflected back backing 66 by the fuel generation, thereby increases the heat efficiency.Black casing reheater 75 comprises having black lower surface 76 and dividing plate 78, is used to stop radiant heat directly to discharge from exhaust outlet 90.In Fig. 1, thermoelectric generator 40 also comprises the support substrate 44 of surrounding torus 60, and lid 43, and the grid above exhaust outlet 42 are used to receive the container that the cooking is used.Handle 41 on the outside of thermoelectric generator 40 can make quite light Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) easily carry.
In Figure 17-19, the device that is used to cool off cold 65 at cold 65 colling end 53 comprises cooling chamber 81 or 102.Cooling chamber 81 or 102 contains fluid 82 or 100, is used for taking away heat from cold 65 the colling end 53 that is positioned at fluid.
In Figure 18, fluid is an air 100, and cooling device comprises the air intake 104 that feeds cooling chamber, the air outlet slit 101 of going out from cooling chamber, and and the fan 103 that communicates of cooling chamber 102, be used to make air 100 by the cooling chamber circulation, thereby take away heat from cold 65.Air from cooling chamber can be by 105 circulations of external heat system, and air is emitted heat to heating system, and air circulates through cooling chamber 102 once more by fan 103.
In Figure 17 and Figure 19, cooling fluid is a liquid, and for example water 82, and cooling chamber is a unlimited groove 81, and cold 65 colling end 53 is immersed in the water 82, and the water evaporation lets off steam 80, thereby cools off cold 65 colling end 53.
In Figure 20, cooling fluid is a liquid, and for example water 82, and cooling chamber is the pipeline 83 of the colling end 53 of cold 65 of the encirclement of a sealing, and comprises the pump 85 that communicates with pipeline 83.Pump 85 makes liquid pass through pipeline 83 circulations, cold 65 of liquid contact, thereby therefrom take away heat.The hot water of discharging from pipeline 83 can circulate by external heat sink 86, thereby heats another system and make water cooling, and then, pump 85 makes water pass through pipeline 83 recirculation.
In Figure 22-27, show a kind of device that is used for drawing electric output current from torus 60.The power output device of representing in these figure comprises the switch 70 of the threaded armature 131 with extensional vibration.Armature 131 is by connecting rod and solenoid 115 couplings that armature is moved along a direction.Spring 138 forces the side of armature 131 edges and solenoid 115 to move in the opposite direction.By similar conducting metal backing and cold 66T of making of industrial pure copper for example, between the 65T, form a threaded hole 139 bigger than armature.Backing and cold 66T, 65T is separated (Figure 27) by threaded ceramic spacer 134.The lengthwise movement in threaded hole 139 of threaded armature 131.Armature 131 preferably by on thermoelectricity capability with make backing and make with cold 66 or 65 the different metal of material.Armature 131 and at backing and cold 66T, the threaded hole that forms among the 65T has the screw thread of identical pitch, and they constitute an on-off switch jointly, are used to interrupt the circulating current that circulates by torus 60.
The lengthwise movement of different metal armatures 131 produces Seebeck voltage, and this is owing to when switch is in electric make position, metal armature 131 and backing and cold 66T, the material contact of 65T.Armature 131 realized by solenoid 115 to the motion of the electric make position in top shown in Figure 25 A, realized by spring 138 to the motion of the electric make position in below shown in Figure 25 C.When armature 131 was between two electric make positions, switch 70 was in the open position of discord screw thread contact, and shown in Figure 25 B, and the electric current that circulate by torus 60 is interrupted, thereby generation can be used for driving the output voltage of external electrical load 95.
One as Figure 23, and 24 link to each other with the electric lead-out terminal 39 of the outside of electric output circuit 130 shown in 26 and thermoelectric generator 40 shown in Figure 1.Figure 23 represents that vibroswitch 70 is opened and produce the situation of electric current I in output circuit 130.In Figure 24, vibroswitch 70 closures, thereby do not have electric current to flow into output circuit 30.Exchange between the open and close position provides alternating current to load 95.Be included in the glitch in the capacitor resonant circuit 133 filtering output ACs in the output circuit 130, thereby improve the quality of electricity output, make it more as sine wave.
Hot and cold switch plate 66T shown in Figure 27,65T are provided for the lead-out terminal 135 to family or industrial electro load 95 power supplies.The electric loop that provides by torus 60 alternately open alternating voltage with the 120/180V of the closed 50/60Hz of generation.Armature 131 longitudinally vibrates with half frequency of the frequency of output voltage, and described output voltage is by the decay induction by interrupting the magnetic field shown in Figure 30 143 that circulating current causes.
In Figure 22, in order to power to solenoid 115, a sine-wave generator 116 passes through electric contact 114 received powers from the thermoelectric generator after operating 40.For the vibrating device 120 that utilizes mechanical device to start 40, one manual unidirectional spring energy supplies of thermoelectric generator is mechanically linked to each other with solenoid 115.By rotation on pivot 123, vibrating device 120 is setovered against stop 124 by spring 122 in the ordinary course of things.An end of pushing the vibrating device that loads with quality 121 will make the tappet 125 in the opposite end start solenoid 115.Vibrating device 120 can energized solenoids 115 several cycles of vibration, can self-powered give sine-wave generator 116 and till driving solenoid 115 up to the electricity output of thermoelectric generator 40.
In Figure 21, the another kind of device that is used to start thermoelectric generator comprises the piezo-electric generator 110 of finger manipulation, is used for by promoting start button 111 to combustion chamber supply flame ignition spark 118.Piezo-electric generator 110 can also be used in capacitor 117 storage of electrical energy 112, capacitor 117 connects by voltage regulator 113, voltage regulator is used for to sine-wave generator 116 power supplies, so that activate the solenoid 115 that links to each other with vibroswitch 70, as shown in figure 22.
In Figure 28-34, be used for comprising Hall effect generator 140 from the device that torus 60 is drawn output current.Hall effect generator 140 comprises electromagnet 147, is used for providing the magnetic field 137 perpendicular to the electric current I of torus 60.Electric contact 149 and a plurality of thermoelectric Hall effect element 146 that is arranged between backing and cold 66,65 along a section of torus 60 are connected in series.As shown in figure 31, the hot-fluid by small arrow 144 indications flows to cold 65 from backing 66 through thermoelectric Hall effect element 146.Simultaneously, the big electric current by big arrow 145 expressions circulates by torus 60.External magnetic field 137 induced voltage on thermoelectric Hall effect element that applies perpendicular to electric current 145.Electric output circuit shown in Figure 32 links to each other with the thermoelectric Hall effect element 146 that is connected in series, thereby can be used to operate the electric energy of electric loading 95 from thermoelectric generator 40 absorptions, and does not interrupt the electric current I in the torus 60.A preferred form of thermoelectric element 146 is oval parts that become with copper by nickel, is respectively applied for low heat conductivity element and conductor, is plating different metals on the oval part in threaded structure.
Figure 28 illustrates by the magnetic field 137 that applies perpendicular to the electric current I in the torus 60 and produce voltage perpendicular to electric current and external magnetic field 137 on torus.This lateral voltage is called Hall voltage.This voltage is to produce owing to the magnetic field 137 that applies presses on one side electric current 136 in conductor.If magnetic field 137 changes polarity (being actually sinusoidal wave), Hall voltage also will be sinusoidal, thereby produce alternating voltage.As Figure 29, shown in 32 and 34, magnetic field 137 is produced by the coil 148 that is connected in series, coil 148 and thermoelectric Hall effect element 146 parallel connections that are connected in series.Fieldtron 141 is also connected with coil 148, and it can interrupt the electric current by the generation external magnetic field 137 of coil 148.Like this, by the open and close of fieldtron 141, the magnetic field 137 that the outside applies can alternately be offered thermoelectric Hall effect element 146 and be removed from thermoelectric Hall effect element 146 then.In this way, power to external loading 95 from the electrical power that torus 60 is drawn, and the electric energy that is produced by Hall effect element 146 is provided.
By using three independently Hall effect generators 140, can obtain having the three phase power of three different outputs, each Hall effect generator comprises Hall effect element 146, is used to produce the coil 148 in the magnetic field 147 that the outside applies, and fieldtron 141.For the coordination in the magnetic field that applies for the outside that produces each required Hall effect generator 140 of three phase power, by the signal of response from microprocessor-controller, the break-make of controlling filed effect device 141 realizes.By the operation of detection of grid, and phase that generator 40 produces and output frequency and electrical network are complementary, can produce three phase power with the electrical network homophase.
Figure 39 explanation produces the another kind of technology of electrical power from torus 60.In Figure 39, capacitor 160 links to each other with torus 60 along diametric(al), forms antiresonant circuit Colpitts oscillator 159 so as to the inductance with torus 60.The short switch 161 of an electricity operation and a plurality of thermoelectric knot that is positioned on half of torus 60 are in parallel.The alternately open and close excitation Colpitts oscillator 159 of switch 161 vibrates under its natural resonance frequency, and natural resonance frequency is determined by the electric capacity of 1/4 and the capacitor 160 of the inductance of torus 60.Thereby, between the terminal 163 that the alternating voltage of being represented by double-head arrow among Figure 39 162 appears at and capacitor 160 and torus 60 link to each other.Alternating voltage 162 can be used for driving external loading 95.164 pairs of ac voltage rectifiers of the rectifier diode that links to each other with a terminal 163, the alternating voltage filtering of 165 pairs of rectifications of capacitor simultaneously, thereby the direct voltage between the generation terminal 166, this voltage also can be used to drive external loading.
The range of application of this novel electricity generator comprises the rural electricity consumption from the apparatus of air conditioning of urgent domestic power supply, family expenses motor and transformation to third world countries.Generator 40 all is solid-state, and the moving component that is not worn does not have noise during operation, adopts stainless steel structure.The generator 40 heavy 12kg (27 1bs) of this 5kw were comprising 1 hour fuel supply.The thermoelectrical efficiency of this moment is 12%, much larger than traditional thermoelectric generator, and is half of efficient of kerosene/diesel engine generator.The weight of this thermoelectric generator is 1/10 of steam-driven generator weight, because volume, weight, capacity and cost, this generator has very big practicality for portable use.
As shown in figure 36, if the thermoelectricity knot that electric current is flowed through and constituted torus 60, Peltier effect will produce temperature gradient.Heat is absorbed at cold limit 151A, is discharged from hot limit 150A, so just produces the refrigerating capacity of quiet attitude.Thermoelectric refrigerating unit also is very stable, thereby can be used for for example temperature stabilization of charge coupled device, infrared detector, low noise amplifier and computer chip of laser diode or electronic component.Need the part cooling of low capacity it seems from the chlorofluorocarbon of standard and greenhouse refrigerant gas to the influence of environment and computer and electronic equipment, thermoelectric field need be than the room temperature material of the superior performance of current existence.In addition, as cryoelectronics field (utilizing the superconductor of high transition temperature), need the thermoelectric device of lower temperature (100-200K) and superior performance further.
Thermoelectric notion also can be considered to be used for auto industry and be used for the follow-on vehicles, not only in order to transport, and in order to control weather.Other possible automobile is used and is comprised from using generator cogeneration to for comfortable and power or the cooling of electronic component as the seat cooler.The most common present application of these materials is little thermoelectric temperature changer, is 80-100$ in many retail shop prices.This device just flicking once switch just can be cooled to approximately below 25 ℃, is heated to about ambient temperature more than 55 ℃.It can also be loaded in the automobile lamp or by little DC power supply operation, away from AC socket or to provide under the situation of ice be useful.A kind of bigger form of this cooler may be important, for example, is used for the temperature stabilization of sample in biologic applications, and the temperature that only is used to keep cold drink.High performance thermoelectric unit 40 is to develop for the generator of 5000w at first, though do not plan as cooler, but still can provide thermoelectric cooling,, make also to can be used as solid-state cooler because in the generator designs of 5000w, used same advanced person's material system.
Figure 40 illustrates a kind of method that thermoelectric unit 40 freezes that is used to operate.In Figure 40, a magnetic coil 170 surrounds torus 60.Winding 171 and electronic switch 172 on magnetic coil 170 are connected in series, and are in series with the electric capacity 173 and the resistance 174 that are connected in series.Series circuit is alternately connected and opened to the drive signal that offers electronic switch 172, at the resistance 174 that is connected in series, applies voltage V on electric capacity 173 and the winding 171.Voltage cycle ground that applies on this circuit that is connected in series and the electric current 175 that repeatedly injection is represented by Figure 40 small arrow in torus 60 are superimposed on the much bigger circulating current 176 (for example 10000 amperes).The electric current that injects torus in this way produces by the heat that transmits to backing 66 from cold 65, thereby makes torus 60 as thermoelectric refrigerating unit work.
Other application of thermoelectric unit 40 comprises generator and the memory property in application; for example: the AC power that charging electric vehicle also is used as electric automobile; despiker as commercial Application; the power protection system that is used for civilian part, and the aligner of electrical network round the clock that is used as the 600Mwh of power industry.
Though the present invention is illustrated according to this most preferred embodiment,, should be appreciated that sheerly explanation of these explanations does not limit the present invention.For example, though the present invention is illustrated according to the loop configuration of thermoelectric roped party, should be appreciated that ring form of the present invention is for the symmetry of power, it is best making easily and assembling.That is, all or all basically being sequentially arranged in constitute in the group thermoelectric power generation with/or the shape of the element of refrigeration unit is identical, is exercisable unit so as to simplifying its manufacturing and being assembled.But, thermoelectric group of the present invention can be designed as other shape different with torus 60, for example, by the oval-shaped closed circuit that thermoelectric element constitutes, the hexagonal closed circuit of closed circuit of rectangle etc.Thereby following claim is intended to comprise all geometries of thermoelectric element group, and it forms a closed circuit, and electric current circulates by this closed circuit.Thereby, not departing from the scope of the present invention and conceive, those skilled in the art can make various change of the present invention, remodeling and/or alternative application after reading this explanation.Thereby following claim is intended to comprise all these changes, remodeling and the alternate application that drops within the scope of the invention and the design.

Claims (39)

1 one kinds of thermoelectric units that are applicable to or generate electricity or freeze, the big circulating current of described thermoelectric unit utilization in the closed circuit of the thermocouple of close-stacked, described thermoelectric unit comprises:
Be set up and form a series of thermocouples of closed circuit, each thermocouple comprises backing and cold, and be clipped in conduction between the backing of every pair of direct neighbor and cold, the low heat conductivity element, each backing is made with the elongated shape of contact jaw and fire end, each cold elongated shape that is made with contact jaw and colling end; Each backing and cold are made by the high conductivity material, separately also contacted by at least one low heat conductivity element at contact jaw with the low heat conductivity element, the material that is formed on the connection between sheet and the low heat conductivity element provides complementary high Seebeck voltage for thermocouple, so as to the heating end of heating backing and cold of cooling be subjected to cold junction the time, electric current is by closed thermocouple looped cycle; And
Be used for keeping thermocouple to make it be set at the circumference device of closed circuit.
2 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low heat conductivity element is so constituted, and make it have and contact with the little surface area of backing with cold, thus minimizing heat transmission therebetween.
3 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 2, wherein the low heat conductivity element has the threaded outer surface that contacts with cold with backing.
4 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 3, wherein the low heat conductivity element is flattened partly, so as to reducing the distance of electric current by closed circuit between adjacent backing and cold.
5 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 3, wherein each backing and cold are formed with at least one groove on the opposite side of each sheet, are used to receive a low heat conductivity element, so as to reducing the distance of advancing by the electric current of closed circuit.
6 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 5, wherein the low heat conductivity element be coated with different metals at the groove of backing in cold, as sheet with connection between the low heat conductivity element of complementary high Seebeck voltage is provided for thermocouple.
7 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 6, wherein different metals are from comprising bismuth, constantan, and nickel, selenium, tellurium, silicon, germanium, antimony, nichrome, iron, cadmium, tungsten, gold, copper is selected in the group of zinc and silver.
8 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
Backing and cold first side and second side at each sheet are formed with at least one groove, and each groove receives a low heat conductivity element, so as to reducing the distance of advancing by the electric current of closed circuit; And
The low heat conductivity element is by constituting along two halves conduction, that vertical surface of low heat conductivity adjoins each other, the orientation of low heat conductivity element is provided with like this, make the low heat conductivity surface between the backing of contact low heat conductivity element and cold, so as to reducing the heat conduction between backing and cold.
9 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 8, wherein each low heat conductivity element is coated with layer of material, as sheet with connection between the low heat conductivity element of complementary high Seebeck voltage is provided for thermocouple, described material is from comprising bismuth, constantan, nickel, selenium, tellurium, silicon, germanium, antimony, nichrome, iron, cadmium, tungsten, gold, copper is selected in the group of zinc and silver.
10 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 9, the coating that wherein is plated on each low heat conductivity element is plated one deck conductive layer again.
11 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 8, wherein the groove on first side of each sheet is coated with layer of material, as sheet with connection between the low heat conductivity element of complementary high Seebeck voltage is provided for thermocouple, described material is from comprising bismuth, constantan, nickel, selenium, tellurium, silicon, germanium, antimony, nichrome, iron, cadmium, tungsten, gold, copper is selected in the group of zinc and silver; And
Wherein the groove on second side of each sheet is coated with layer of material, as sheet with connection between the low heat conductivity element of complementary high Seebeck voltage is provided for thermocouple, described material is also from comprising bismuth, constantan, nickel, selenium, tellurium, silicon, germanium, antimony, nichrome, iron, cadmium, tungsten, gold, copper, select in the group of zinc and silver, and form the opposite Seebeck voltage of material of coating on the material that forms coating on second side of each sheet has with respect to first side at each sheet, these sheets are so arranged, and make identical materials form the coating in the groove that receives identical low heat conductivity element.
12 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 11, wherein the coating in the groove on each sheet is coated with one deck conductive layer again.
13 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 1, the circumference device that wherein is used for keeping thermocouple to be set at closed circuit comprises a strap, it surrounds the closed circuit of thermocouple, be used for bearing the Lorentz force that produces at closed circuit, strap is fixed around closed circuit, be used for the low heat conductivity element of backing and cold and thermoelectric unit is applied prestressing force, and strap comprises a clearance for insulation, is used to make the band decoupling zero of the electric current coupling that circulates as secondary winding and the closed circuit by thermocouple.
14 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 13, also comprise the closed circuit that is fixed on thermocouple and a plurality of coil springs between the strap, described coil spring is in compressive state usually, so that make strap be kept for overcoming the required stress of Lorentz force, and no matter shrink and expansion owing to variations in temperature makes closed circuit.
15 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 1 also comprise: the sheet heater that is used for the heating end of backing is provided heat;
Be used for removing the sheet cooling device of heat from the cold cold junction that is subjected to; And
Power output device is used for drawing electric output current from closed circuit, so that make thermoelectric unit become thermoelectric generator.
16 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 15, wherein the heating end of backing is coated with the material of selecting from the group that comprises platinum and palladium, thereby for the gas of discharging from the sheet heater provides the catalytic conversion agent, so as to reducing the oxidation of pollution and backing.
17 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 15, wherein the sheet heater comprises the air-cooled fuel combustion zone that is positioned at the backing below, has exhaust outlet above fuel combustion zone, the heating end of backing is arranged in fuel combustion zone.
18 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 17, wherein fuel combustion zone also comprises a series of gas nozzle, it receives the fuel that is made of the compressed air stream that is admitted to gas nozzle.
19 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 18, wherein Compressed Gas is selected in the group of propane and butane from comprising methane.
20 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 17 also are included in the grid of top above exhaust outlet of thermoelectric unit, are used to receive cooking-vessel.
21 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 17 also are included in the inherent backing of fuel combustion zone black casing reheater on every side, are used for the infrared heat reflected back backing that fuel is produced.
22 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 17, wherein fuel combustion zone also comprises burner, is used for receiving from comprising kerosene, diesel fuel, fuel oil, Jet-A, JP-4, JP-6, the liquid fuel of the gasification of selecting in the group of JP-8 and gasoline.
23 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 15, wherein the sheet heater comprises the nuclear power thermal source.
24 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 15, wherein the sheet cooling device comprises the cooling chamber that is set in the thermoelectric unit, the cold cold junction that is subjected to is positioned at cooling chamber, and cooling chamber is applicable to the maintenance fluid, is used for taking away heat from the cold cold junction that is subjected to that is positioned at cooling chamber.
25 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 24, wherein said fluid is an air, and comprises air intake that leads to cooling chamber and the air outlet slit of going out from cooling chamber, and and the fan that is communicated with of cooling chamber, be used to make air to circulate, so that take away heat from cold by cooling chamber.
26 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 25, wherein the air from cooling chamber passes through the external heat systemic circulation, and air is emitted heat to heating system, is blown back by cooling chamber by fan then and circulates.
27 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 24, wherein said fluid is a liquid, and cooling chamber is the groove that opens wide, and the cold cold junction that is subjected to is immersed in the liquid.
28 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 24, wherein fluid is a liquid, and cooling chamber is the pipeline that surrounds the cold sealing that is subjected to cold junction, and thermoelectric unit also comprises with the pipeline connection, is used for the pump by the pipeline pumping liquid, liquid contacts with cold, and therefrom takes away heat.
29 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 28, wherein the fluid from closed conduct circulates by the external heat sink that is used for cooling fluid, then, carries out recirculation by pipeline.
30 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 15 wherein are used for comprising from the power output device of the electric output current of closed circuit absorption:
Switch, it comprises threaded armature conduction, that longitudinally vibrate, is used to drive the solenoid of armature along a direction lengthwise movement, and is used to promote the armature spring of lengthwise movement in opposite direction;
Than the bigger threaded hole of armature, it is formed on by threaded ceramic spacer and keeps between separately a pair of, in bigger threaded hole, armature can lengthwise movement, armature has the identical screw thread of pitch with the hole, their common on-off switches that forms, be used to respond the lengthwise movement open and close current loop of armature, armature moves to another the electric make position that is realized by spring from an electric make position that is realized by solenoid, and when armature is between these two electric make positions, electric current in the closed circuit is interrupted, thereby produces the electricity output that drives the external electric load through electric output circuit.
31 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 30, wherein electric output circuit comprises capacitor resonant circuit.
32 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 30, also comprise sine-wave generator, it links to each other with solenoid, and after thereby thermoelectric unit is started working the load of driving external electric, reception is from the electrical power of thermoelectric unit, and a manual exciting bank, and it mechanically is connected with threaded armature and solenoid, be used to start the vibration of threaded armature and solenoid, till the output of the electricity of thermoelectric unit can the operation power for sine-wave generator.
33 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 30 also comprise:
Sine-wave generator, it links to each other with solenoid, thereby and start working after solenoid power supply at thermoelectric unit, receive electrical power from thermoelectric unit; And
The piezo-electric device of finger manipulation is used for storage of electrical energy, so that power to sine-wave generator.
34 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 30, the material that wherein forms the connection between threaded armature and the threaded hole provides complementary high Seebeck voltage.
35 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 15, the power output device that wherein is used for drawing from closed circuit electric output current comprises hall-effect switch, it comprises the device that is used for applying perpendicular to the magnetic field of the electric current of closed circuit, be connected the electric contact on the part of closed circuit, and the electric output circuit that links to each other with described contact, make the electric energy be used for operating the external electric load under the situation of the electric current that does not interrupt closed circuit, to be removed.
36 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 35 comprise three hall-effect switches with three different outputs that link to each other with closed circuit, and apply vertical magnetic field suitably, so that produce three phase electric power.
37 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 15, the power output device that wherein is used for drawing from closed circuit electric output current comprises:
With the electronic switch of one group of thermocouple parallel connection of closed circuit, it can be closed, thereby makes described one group of thermocouple electric short circuit;
With the capacitor of one group of thermocouple parallel connection of closed circuit, form antiresonant circuit so as to inductance with closed circuit; And
The electronic switch drive unit is used to make alternately open and close of electronic switch, so as to respond to alternating voltage on capacitor, is used to drive the external electric load.
38 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 37 also comprise the rectifier that is used for the alternating voltage on the capacitor is converted to direct voltage.
39 thermoelectric units as claimed in claim 1 also comprise:
Be used for removing the sheet cooling device of heat from the heating end of backing;
Be used for the sheet heater that is subjected to cold junction supply heat to cold; And
Be used for providing electric input current, become the supply unit of thermoelectric refrigerating unit so as to making thermoelectric unit to closed circuit.
CN 97196104 1996-05-10 1997-05-09 Improved thermoelectric unit with electric input/output provision Pending CN1224534A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 97196104 CN1224534A (en) 1996-05-10 1997-05-09 Improved thermoelectric unit with electric input/output provision

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US60/017,521 1996-05-10
CN 97196104 CN1224534A (en) 1996-05-10 1997-05-09 Improved thermoelectric unit with electric input/output provision

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1224534A true CN1224534A (en) 1999-07-28

Family

ID=5179568

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN 97196104 Pending CN1224534A (en) 1996-05-10 1997-05-09 Improved thermoelectric unit with electric input/output provision

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1224534A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006008584A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2006-01-26 Feng Xiaosheng The method of generating electricity using liquid gas
CN101449402B (en) * 2006-02-10 2011-03-16 数字安吉尔公司 Improved low power thermoelectric generator
CN112600463A (en) * 2020-12-05 2021-04-02 西安交通大学 Heat collection power generation module with bulk phase structure

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006008584A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2006-01-26 Feng Xiaosheng The method of generating electricity using liquid gas
CN101449402B (en) * 2006-02-10 2011-03-16 数字安吉尔公司 Improved low power thermoelectric generator
CN112600463A (en) * 2020-12-05 2021-04-02 西安交通大学 Heat collection power generation module with bulk phase structure

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5566286B2 (en) Method for converting thermal energy into electrical energy
US8101846B1 (en) Solid state thermoelectric power converter
US8183456B1 (en) Thermoelectric device with make-before-break high frequency converter
JP2010523073A (en) Device and method for converting energy
US6700105B2 (en) Induction heating system and method for internal combustion engine
CN1211353A (en) Piezo-pyroelectric energy converter and method
EP2091299A1 (en) Cooling device for electromagnetic induction heating cooker
EA011602B1 (en) Device and method for generating thermal units with magnetocaloric material
JP2009529314A (en) Self-supporting electric generator using electrons with low internal mass to expand induced energy
CN105914859A (en) Power generation device and charging system
US5393350A (en) Thermoelectric generator and magnetic energy storage unit
CN1224534A (en) Improved thermoelectric unit with electric input/output provision
EP0020758A1 (en) Energy production and storage apparatus
JP2001501775A (en) Improved thermoelectric unit with electrical input / output means
JP4261890B2 (en) Thermoelectric device, direct energy conversion system, energy conversion system
JP3516225B2 (en) Alcohol stove with thermoelectric converter
MXPA98009392A (en) Improved thermoelectric unit with provision of electronic entry / exit
KR102061266B1 (en) Thermo power generator
RU75004U1 (en) AUTONOMOUS THERMOELECTRIC POWER UNIT ON HYDROCARBON FUEL
WO2021009555A1 (en) A portable device for heating fluids through magnetic induction
WO2020116122A1 (en) Portable power supply
WO2002015289A2 (en) A thermoelectric electron extractor for thermoelectric power generation
JP2639661B2 (en) Lighting device with emergency power supply
CN101212168B (en) Temperature difference power-generating method and device
US20120049537A1 (en) Energy conversion system and method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C01 Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication