CN1223811C - Heat temperature raising system - Google Patents

Heat temperature raising system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1223811C
CN1223811C CNB998168629A CN99816862A CN1223811C CN 1223811 C CN1223811 C CN 1223811C CN B998168629 A CNB998168629 A CN B998168629A CN 99816862 A CN99816862 A CN 99816862A CN 1223811 C CN1223811 C CN 1223811C
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heat
pressure
carrying agent
temperature
steam
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CN1406330A (en
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郑兴旺
郑翔仁
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Zheng Xiangwei
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and a device. The method and the device are used for transferring heat quantity from a heat source (16) at first temperature to a radiation device (17) at second temperature which is higher than the first temperature in the phase transition of heat transmission liquid. The heat transmission liquid is acted by pressure change, and the pressure change can change the temperature of the phase transition.

Description

Be used for heat is passed to from low-temperature heat source the method and apparatus of high-temperature heat radiation device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heating-up temperature that is used to improve, promptly be used for heat is passed to from low-temperature heat source the method and apparatus of high-temperature heat radiation device.In a kind of scheme, The present invention be more particularly directed to a kind of like this method and apparatus, this method and apparatus can be in first pressure P 1Under carry a kind of heat-carrying material and in second pressure P 2Produce the steam of second kind of heat-carrying material down.
Background of invention
Method of the present invention is that the principle that a kind of fusing point of material also can change is made according to when institute's applied pressure changes.Thermal conductivity more than one group and rated pressure (that is, can pressurize) conduit is linked to each other with pressurized equipment.Have a large amount of heat temperature raising media (HTR medium) that can carry out phase transformation according to institute's applied pressure in these catheter interior.The time spent of doing when the HTR medium is under pressure and changes, allow described medium to absorb at low temperatures and storing heat.After the HTR medium absorbs at low temperatures and stored heat, the HTR medium is applied high pressure.The increase of pressure on the HTR medium can improve the fusing point of medium and allow medium higher environment temperature to be discharged the heat of having stored.Therefore, the HTR medium can make temperature be increased to high temperature from low temperature continuously.Used another kind of medium in the present invention, i.e. heat-carrying agent (HCM medium) is to assist and to finish the cycle that promotes heating-up temperature from low-temperature heat source to the high temperature heat abstractor.
At United States Patent (USP) NO.3, disclosed in 354,083 to utilize fusing point to change to carry out salt water and purified.This method requires a large amount of salt water and medium to be subjected to the effect of high pressure and low pressure.Because the difficulty of this operation, this method is not successful.Therefore, require a kind of like this method and apparatus technically, this method and apparatus can utilize the latent heat of heat transfer material fusing and/or the latent heat of its evaporation to transmit heat and need not to make a large amount of processing fluids to be subjected to the high pressure effect.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of like this method and apparatus, and it is used for heat from be passed to the heat abstractor under the high temperature at the thermal source under a certain temperature.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of above-mentioned method and apparatus, and this method and apparatus is realized the phase transformation of heat transmission medium by the temperature of utilizing transformable pressure to undergo phase transition with change, finishes heat transmission with this.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of above-mentioned method and apparatus, but this method and apparatus can make the amount of the fluid that is subjected to change pressure effect reach minimum.
Different with the method for above prior art, the present invention makes heat temperature raising medium (HTR medium) be kept at catheter interior.By making the HTR medium be subjected to the influence of the pressure oscillation between low pressure and the high pressure, the present invention allows the HTR medium to absorb heat and release heat at high temperature at low temperatures.Therefore, the HTR medium can promote heating-up temperature continuously, that is, heat is passed to the second higher temperature from first temperature, and need not to make lot of materials to be subjected to the effect of low pressure and operation with high pressure.
In the present invention, preferably fixing and inside that be fixed on a heat temperature raising device (HTR device), high-pressure area, the heat transmission of heat between low-temperature heat source and high-temperature heat radiation device is to finish by the heat-carrying agent (HCM medium) with operating on low voltage simultaneously.Therefore, need not the lot of materials of between low pressure and operation with high pressure, moving.
The invention provides a kind of heat temperature raising system, i.e. HTR system, it is used for absorbing heat and heat being supplied to a high temperature (TH) heat abstractor from a low temperature (TL) thermal source.The HTR system comprises a heat temperature raising device, i.e. HTR device; A large amount of heat temperature raising medium, i.e. HTR media; A large amount of first heat-carrying agents, i.e. HCM-1 medium; And a large amount of second heat-carrying agents are the HCM-2 medium.This system is divided into three districts: a quilt becomes the central area in HTR zone, and it contains the HTR device; A thermal source district and a heat abstractor district.Be provided with one make thermal source district and HTR distinguish from first valve gear and one make heat abstractor district and HTR differentiation from second valve gear.
The HTR device is preferably a kind of stationary installation, that is, this is not transferred the HTR medium between thermal source and heat abstractor.The HTR device comprises that one group of thermal conductivity pressure keeps conduit, contained a large amount of HTR media and pressue device in the HTR device, and this pressue device can pressurize and reduce pressure HTR medium contained in the HTR device.
Described pressue device for example can be a kind of mechanical compressor as piston type mechanism, and a vapour source, or other source of pressurised fluid maybe can fully apply any other device of hydrostatic pressure to the HTR medium.Make the HTR medium stand the processing of series of periodic operation, these operations comprise: melt under first pressure that is called as a HTR pressure and a HTR temperature respectively and first temperature, and solidify under second pressure that is called as the 2nd HTR pressure and the 2nd HTR temperature respectively and second temperature.Make a large amount of first heat-carrying agent HCM-1 evaporations forming HCM-1 steam by receive heat from thermal source, and steam by first valve gear to contact with the HTR device and to melt the HTR medium.Thereby condensation HCM-1 steam is to form a large amount of HCM-1 condensates.Subsequently, a large amount of second heat-carrying agent HCM-2 are contacted with the HTR medium, thereby solidify the HTR medium and form the vapor stream of second heat-carrying agent under the 2nd HTR pressure and temperature, it is called as HCM-2 steam.HCM-2 steam is released into heat abstractor by second valve gear and with heat, thereby condensation is to form the condensate of HCM-2 medium.Described condensate is recycled to described evaporation operation.What should emphasize is owing to preferably make the HTR medium accommodating in a fixed HTR device, therefore should make the first and second HCM media and thermal source and heat abstractor carry out heat exchange.
HCM-1 uses identical medium also should fall within the scope of the present invention with HCM-2.In this selection scheme, in the high temperature evaporation operation, can use the HCM-1 condensate that in the cryogenic condensation operation, forms, and in the low-temperature evaporation operation, can use the HCM-2 condensate that in the high temperature condensation operation, forms.
The HTR system can be used for providing cold water and air-conditioning and is used for vacuum refrigeration technology, the manufacturing process of ice, and cable water purifies (cable water purification), the preservation technology of ice, distillation refrigerating process and manifold effect evaporation technology.
The accompanying drawing summary
In order to understand the present invention all sidedly, carry out following detailed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is schematically illustrating an embodiment of HTR of the present invention system;
Fig. 2 has illustrated an embodiment of HTR device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 A has illustrated another embodiment of HTR device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 B has illustrated the structure of an a kind of embodiment of longitudinal fin annex among the present invention;
Fig. 2 C is the part sectioned view that contains the HTR device of fin annex among Fig. 2 B;
Fig. 3 A is the profile of an embodiment of a kind of many conduit tube components that link together among the present invention;
Fig. 3 B is the profile of many conduit tube components among the 3A, and described many conduit tube components are equipped with the longitudinal fin annex;
Fig. 4 A is the profile of another embodiment of a kind of many conduit tube components among the present invention;
Fig. 4 B is the profile of the conduit tube component of Fig. 4 A, and described conduit tube component is equipped with the longitudinal fin annex;
Fig. 5 A is the profile of an embodiment of porous metals block assembly among the present invention;
Fig. 5 B is the profile of porous metals block assembly among Fig. 5 A, and described metal derby is equipped with the longitudinal fin annex;
Fig. 6 A has illustrated embodiment of a kind of HTR system among the present invention, and it can carry out heat transmission from first heat-carrying agent;
Fig. 6 B has illustrated the HTR system of Fig. 6 A, and it carries out heat transmission to second heat-carrying agent;
Fig. 7 A has illustrated another embodiment of a kind of HTR system among the present invention, and it can carry out heat transmission from first heat-carrying agent;
Fig. 7 B has illustrated the HTR system of Fig. 7 A, and it carries out heat transmission to second heat-carrying agent;
Fig. 8 A has illustrated an embodiment of a kind of HTR system among the present invention, and it is applicable to by carry out heat transmission from first heat-carrying agent and carries out vacuum refrigeration;
Fig. 8 B has illustrated in the HTR system that second heat-carrying agent is carried out Fig. 8 A under the hot transmit mode;
Fig. 9 A has illustrated another embodiment of a kind of HTR system among the present invention, and it is applicable to by carry out heat transmission from first heat-carrying agent and carries out vacuum refrigeration;
Fig. 9 B has illustrated in the HTR system that second heat-carrying agent is carried out Fig. 9 A under the hot transmit mode;
Figure 10 A has illustrated another embodiment of HTR system among the present invention, and it is applicable to by carry out heat transmission from first heat-carrying agent and carries out the vacuum crystallization of the aqueous solution and non-aqueous mixture;
Figure 10 B has illustrated in the HTR system that second heat-carrying agent is carried out Figure 10 A under the hot transmit mode;
Figure 11 A has illustrated the HTR of being equipped with device of the present invention and an embodiment of the manifold effect vapo(u)rization system of working in the period 1;
Figure 11 B has illustrated the manifold effect vapo(u)rization system of Figure 11 A that works in second round;
Figure 12 A has illustrated a kind of manifold effect vapo(u)rization system similar to system among Figure 11 A, and it has used in order to the corrugated metal wall that forms downward film evaporator and works in the period 1;
Figure 12 B has illustrated the manifold effect vapo(u)rization system of Figure 12 A that works in second round;
Figure 13 has illustrated a kind of automatic valve of the present invention system; And
Figure 13 A has illustrated single valve of the present invention.
Preferred embodiment describes in detail
Heat temperature raising system of the present invention (HTR system) has utilized and a kind ofly can carry out periodically solidifying and the heat temperature raising medium (HTR medium) of fusing operation and one or more can evaporate heat-carrying agent (HCM medium) with condensation operation.Utilize a HTR system to absorb heat and heat is disposed to a high-temperature heat radiation device at low-temperature heat source.
Fig. 1 has illustrated the processing step of HTR system.In this accompanying drawing and other accompanying drawing, identical label is represented identical member.In this system, contained a large amount of HTR media need carry out following periodical operation in many thermal conductivity pressure maintenance conduits: (a) first step, and in pressure P HTRAnd temperature T HTR1Under melt most of HTR medium, [state 1-state 2]; (b) in second step, make pressure medium from P HTR1Change to P HTR2, [state 2-state 3]; (c) the 3rd step is in pressure P HTR2And temperature T HTR2Under solidify most of HTR medium, [state 3-state 4]; And (d) the 4th the step, make pressure medium from P HTR2Change to P HTR1, [state 4-state 1].
First heat-carrying agent [HCM-1 medium] receives heat from a low-temperature heat source, thereby produces a HCM medium steam, i.e. HCM-1 medium steam, and this steam is by making heat Q in step 1 LBe released into the HTR medium and be condensed.Second heat-carrying agent [HCM-2 medium] receives heat to form the HCM-2 medium steam from the HTR medium in step 3, this steam is by making heat Q HDrain into the heat abstractor under the high temperature and be condensed.
Fig. 2 has illustrated the structure of a kind of heat temperature raising device (HTR device).It comprises that many thermal conductivity pressure keep conduits 2,3, one collectors 4 of a large amount of heat temperature raising medium (HTR medium), and one be used for cylinder body and piston component 5 that the HTR medium is pressurizeed and reduces pressure.The use of cylinder body and piston component only is an example that is used for method that the HTR medium is pressurizeed certainly.Other known method also is conspicuous for those skilled in the art.
Fig. 2 A has illustrated the another kind of heat temperature raising device similar to heat temperature raising device among Fig. 2, and its difference is: be provided with one and be used to strengthen heat conducting fin annex 6 in each root conduit.Fig. 2 B has illustrated the structure of longitudinal fin annex 6, and Fig. 2 C has illustrated the profile of the conduit 2 that contains fin annex 6.
Fig. 3 A has illustrated the profile by the many conduit that connects together 7 assemblies that form in conjunction with two curl tablets 8.Adjacent conduit is connected by wing plate 9.The profile of many conduits 7 assemblies that Fig. 3 B explanation is similar to Fig. 3 A, these many conduit tube components have the fin annex 10 that is installed in each root conduit 7, to strengthen the heat conduction.
Fig. 4 A has illustrated the profile of many conduit tube components or multitube assembly, and wherein each root conduit 7 all separates with adjacent conduit.Fig. 4 B has illustrated the profile of the many conduit tube components similar to Fig. 4 A, and these many conduit tube components have the fin annex 10 that is installed in each root conduit, to strengthen the heat conduction.
Fig. 5 A has shown a kind of section of porous metals pieces, and described porous metals piece has many conduits 12.Fig. 5 B has shown the section of the device similar to Fig. 5 A, and this device has a fin annex 13 in every conduit.
It should be noted that the wall of HTR device, for example conduit and collector (referring to Fig. 2) and piece (referring to Fig. 5 A, the quality (M of wall 5B) W) be the principal element that influences the HTR operating efficiency.Importantly should make the quality (M of the wall of HTR device W) remain smaller value with the ratio of HTR mass of medium.Still referring to Fig. 1, when heating HTR device in step 2, described wall (not shown) is from T 1Be heated to T 2Thereby, absorb sensible heat.Therefore, a part of HTR medium is solidified to satisfy energy balance relations.So the amount of the remaining HTR medium that will be cured is less, and the heat that discharges in step 3 is also less.Referring to Fig. 1, when cooling HTR device in step 4, described wall is from T again 2Be cooled to T 1Thereby, discharge sensible heat.Therefore, make a part of HTR medium fusing to satisfy energy balance relations.So the amount of the remaining HTR medium that will be melted is less, and also less at step 1 absorbed heat.Described problem is called as " thermal inertia problem ".Be important to note that: the ratio of the quality of the wall of HTR device and HTR mass of medium is big more, and " thermal inertia problem " is just serious more, and the productivity ratio of HTR device is just low more, thereby the efficient of HTR device is just low more.
The material that the HTR apparatus structure is suitable for comprises aluminium, steel, copper, brass and other metal material and nonmetallic materials, these materials have enough thermal conduction characteristics to allow carrying out acceptable heat transmission from first heat-carrying agent with from HTR device to the second heat-carrying agent, and it comprises the heat transmission through described wall.
For the HTR device with the multitube assembly shown in Fig. 4 A and the 4B, the mass ratio of described wall and HTR medium is minimum.In having the HTR device of the connecting wall shown in Fig. 3 A and the 3B, the mass ratio of described wall and HTR medium is bigger.In the HTR device of making by the porous piece shown in Fig. 5 A and the 5B, the mass ratio maximum of described wall and HTR medium.
Therefore, because the mass ratio of wall and HTR medium is excessive so that the HTR operating efficiency is lower, and because its efficient is low consequently as the T that is called as the temperature rise 2-T 1, when higher, it is not very useful, therefore, the use of porous piece is normally less-than-ideal.
Fig. 6 A and 6B have shown a kind of HTR system, and it comprises a heat temperature raising district 15, HTR district (Zone-1), a rapid cooling zone 16 (Zone-2), and a direct condensation by contact district 17 (Zone-3).Fig. 6 A has shown makes a kind of feed liquid 21 rapid evaporation so that its cooling and produce a kind of heat-carrying agent steam V 1(HCM-1 steam).Subsequently, make the HCM-1 medium steam by an automatic valve 18 (for example making) by grid with by the valve block that film is made, the HCM-1 medium steam is contacted with the outer surface 22 of HTR conduit in case in the HTR device with HTR Medium Exchange heat, thereby at T HTR1And P HTR1Under melt the HTR medium.Fig. 6 B has shown in pressure P HTR2And temperature T HTR2Under a large amount of heat-carrying agents are contacted with the HTR device, thereby produce heat-carrying agent steam V 2(HCM-2 steam) also solidifies the HTR medium.Subsequently, make the HCM-2 medium steam, and itself and the fluid 24 of guiding in Zone-3 are directly contacted to contact HCM-2 steam and to heat described fluid by an automatic valve 19 (automatic valve is for example still made by grid with by the valve block that film is made).This system is applicable to and is air-conditioning and other industrial cooling operations manufacturing cooling water.
Fig. 7 A and 7B have shown another kind of HTR system, it comprises a HTR district 15 (Zone-1), HCM-1 steam generation district 16 (Zone-2A) and thermal source district 26 (Zone-2B), a HCM-2 vapour condesation zone 17 (Zone-3A), and a radiating area 27 (Zone-3B).Fig. 7 A explanation: a kind of HCM medium is contacted with generation HCM-1 steam V in Zone-2A with a thermal source among the Zone-2B with the relation that can carry out exchange heat 1Condensation HCM-1 steam and in Zone-1, at T HTR1And P HTR1Under melt the HTR medium.Fig. 7 B has shown on the outer surface 23 of the conduit that makes a large amount of HCM-2 act on the HTR device, and has made its evaporation to form HCM-2 steam V 2And at T HTR2And P HTR2Under solidify the HTR medium.Subsequently, make HCM-2 steam make the condensation in Zone-3A of HCM-2 steam by second valve 19 and by a heat abstractor 27 that heat is released among the Zone-3B.
Fig. 8 A and 8B have illustrated a kind of HTR system that is used for the vacuum refrigeration operation.This system is applicable to desalinization, and industry solution concentrates, and waste water concentrates and the crystallization of the aqueous solution and non-aqueous mixture.This system comprises a HTR district 29 (Zone-1), a vacuum refrigeration district 30 (Zone-2), a crystal melting district 34 (Zone-3) and a crystal cleaning area 33 (Zone-4).
With the desalinization is the processing step that the example explanation is carried out in this system.Referring to Fig. 8 A, make the degassing of seawater charging process and heat exchange operation and make it in Zone-2, be represented as HCM-1 steam V with formation by rapid evaporation 1First low pressure water vapor and a large amount of ice crystals 35.The pressure of HCM-1 steam is about 3.5 torrs, and it is lower than the three phase point pressure (4.58 torr) of water.Most of ice crystal and the mother liquor that concentrates have formed the ice that must flow through the pulpous state liquid that crystal cleaning area 33 (Zone-4) is handled and will purify and have been directed to Zone-3.Make low pressure water vapor V 1(HCM-1 steam) with in pressure P HTR1And temperature T HTR1Under HTR device contact.Make water recovery form a large amount of coagulation (ice) 36, and make the fusing of HTR medium with outer surface at the HTR device.Referring to Fig. 8 B, subsequently, make the HTR device be in pressure P HTR2And temperature T HTR2Under, thereby produce the second water vapour V with the pressure about 5 torrs of the three phase point pressure that is higher than water 2(HCM-2 steam).Make the second water vapour V 2Thereby contact simultaneously fusing ice with ice among the Zone-3 and with the second water vapour V 2Be condensed into output liquid stream 39.The second water vapour V 2Condensate and the melt 39 of ice constitute the finished product water that purifies.
Similar with the system shown in the 8B with the system shown in the 9B and operation that carry out in this system is also similar at Fig. 9 A to Fig. 8 A.In this system, make the purification crystal in HCM-2 steam and the zone 3 carry out the mediate contact heat exchange.The fluid of fusing is discharged with liquid stream 47.
Be applicable to the vacuum crystallization of the aqueous solution and non-aqueous mixture by the system shown in Figure 10 A and the 10B.In this system, formed HCM-2 steam is condensed by the cooling medium in the zone 3, and formed crystal can be by the HCM-2 steam-melting.This system is specially adapted to the manufacturing of ice cube, thereby can be compressed in the less ice of making in the zone 2 and form ice cube.This system also is highly suitable for carrying out United States Patent(USP) Nos. 4218893,4433558, the distillation refrigerating process that discloses in 4451273 and 4578093, and wherein, these United States Patent (USP)s all can be in this application with reference to using.
Figure 11 A and 11B have illustrated a kind of manifold effect vapo(u)rization system, this system is included in the first manifold effect evaporimeter among the main processing region Z-1, Z-1A, the second manifold effect evaporimeter, Z-1B, HTR device 61 in the Z-2A at this system first end place and the 2nd HTR device 62 among the Z-2B, the 3rd HTR device 63 in the Z-3A at this system second end place and the 4th HTR device 64 among the Z-3B.Periodically operate the HTR device, and approximate continuous ground operation manifold effect evaporimeter.
As an example, the first manifold effect evaporimeter Z-1A comprises nine the evaporimeter 69-77 (regional ZE-1 to ZE-9) that are connected in series together, and their operating pressure is along the direction towards right-hand member ZE-9 reduces one by one from left end ZE-1.The second manifold effect evaporimeter Z-1B comprises nine the evaporimeter 78-86 (regional ZE '-1 is to ZE '-9) that are connected in series together, and their operating pressure is along the direction towards left end ZE '-9 reduces one by one from right-hand member ZE '-1.Should be easily understood that: the number in spendable effect district can be greater or less than 9, and actual quantity can be selected according to the parameter as condition of work and economy.
The effect of evaporimeter and condenser is all periodically operated and alternately played to each HTR device in four HTR devices.With four HTR devices of coordinated mode operation.The time spent of doing that a HTR device in two HTR devices at each end place plays evaporimeter, another HTR device just plays the effect of condenser.Shown in Figure 11 A, the HTR device in Z-2A and Z-3B plays the effect of two steam generators, and the HTR device in Z-2B and Z-3A then plays the effect of two condensers.
The steam liquid stream that is produced is supplied with the liquid stream in oppose two ZE-1 zones and ZE '-1 zone, thus the operation of starting manifold effect evaporimeter.The vapor stream that leaves ZE-9 zone, last effect district and ZE '-9 is condensed in two HTR devices as condenser, Figure 11 B has illustrated the identical systems in other half cycles, wherein, HTR device in Z-2B and Z-3A is a steam generator, and the HTR device in Z-2A and Z-3B is a condenser.
Figure 12 A has illustrated with 12B and has passed through the identical manifold effect evaporator system of system shown in Figure 11 A and the 11B.In this system, used waveform metallic walls 96,97 to form downward film evaporator 89-95 and 98-104.
Figure 13 has illustrated a kind of automatic valve system, and this system provides the steam channel from a chamber to another chamber under the situation that need not any mechanical starting device or any electric switch.Described automatic valve system is made of a net 105 and the grid 107 that is used for two chambers as structure support, and described grid has the valve block 106 (being made of film) that is fixed on the described grid 107.Grid with fixed film has played the effect of separator between two chambers.When the pressure of a chamber was higher than the pressure of another chamber, film valve block 106 was responsive for pressure, and described valve block will be opened automatically, thereby allowed steam to flow to low pressure second chamber from high pressure first chamber.When the pressure of second chamber began to be higher than the pressure of first chamber, described valve block was closed automatically.
Figure 13 A has illustrated a single valve that is made of the film valve block, and described film valve block is fixed on the fixator that is positioned on its top.
Heat is very natural can to flow to the low temperature heat abstractor from high temperature heat source.The present invention discloses a kind of method and apparatus, it has the input of suitable energy to realize and natural situation reverse effect just in time.In theory, for the regulation heat that rising improved (latent heat of HTR medium) of unit temperature, the input work (institute's applied pressure multiply by the volume variable of HTR medium) of HTR and absolute temperature are inversely proportional to.This relation can (NO.3) derive, and can adopt such formula: { P Δ V/ Δ H Δ T}=1/T, it have represented the rule of heating device for Journal of ChemicalPhysics, the 25th volume by Clausius-carat amber dragon formula.The present invention makes according to the exert pressure principle that fusing point changes when changing.
The compound that is applicable to the HTR medium has two kinds usually: kind A material is the most commonly used, and for this material, when the pressure on being applied to medium raise, its fusing point also raise.Therefore, described medium will absorb heat under low temperature and low pressure; And when institute's applied pressure raise, the fusing point of medium also raise, thereby allowed it to discharge heat and curing at high temperature.For for the kind B material the water, when institute's applied pressure raise, its fusion temperature then can reduce.When being applied on ice pressure and raising, its fusing point can reduce, thereby allows ice to absorb heat under 0 ℃ the temperature and melt and during at release pressure, solidify once more at 0 ℃ being lower than.However, can make these two kinds of materials be used for absorbing at low temperatures heat and release heat at high temperature by the influence that medium is under pressure change.Therefore, the arbitrary medium that has suitable variation on fusing point all can be used as the heat temperature raising medium.Suitable heat temperature raising medium comprises such compound, and these compounds for example have at the fusing point that changes between-30 ℃ and 100 ℃ described in chemistry and the physics handbook, and this handbook can be in this application with reference to using.Any synthetic mixture must have the eutectic point of scope between 30 ℃ and 100 ℃, also can be with a kind of mixture as the HTR medium.Below accompanying drawing is illustrated in greater detail.
In the system of Fig. 1, make at many thermal conductivity pressure to keep in the conduits contained a large amount of HTR media to accept cyclical process: (a) first step, in pressure P HTR1And temperature T HTR1Under melt most of HTR medium, [state 1-state 2]; (b) in second step, make pressure medium from P HTR1Change to P HTR2, [state 2-state 3]; (c) the 3rd step is in pressure P HTR2And temperature T HTR2Under solidify most of HTR medium, [state 3-state 4]; And (d) the 4th the step, make pressure medium from P HTR2Change to P HTR1, [state 4-state 1].First heat-carrying agent [HCM-1 medium] receives heat from a low-temperature heat source, thereby produces a HCM medium steam, i.e. HCM-1 medium steam, and this steam is by making heat Q in step 1 LBe released into the HTR medium and be condensed.Second heat-carrying agent [HCM-2 medium] receives heat to form the HCM-2 medium steam from the HTR medium in step 3, this steam is by making heat Q HDrain into the heat abstractor under the higher temperature and be condensed.
Still referring to Fig. 1, the quality of HTR medium is respectively also by (m in the solid-state and liquid state of state 1 s) HTR, 1(m L) HTR, 1Expression; The quality of HTR medium is respectively also by (m in the solid-state and liquid state of state 2 s) HTR, 2(m L) HTR, 2Expression; The quality of HTR medium is respectively also by (m in the solid-state and liquid state of state 3 s) HTR, 3(m L) HTR, 3Expression; The quality of HTR medium is respectively also by (m in the solid-state and liquid state of state 4 s) HTR, 4(m L) HTR, 4Expression.Subsequently, at low-temperature heat source Q LThe heat that absorbs is given by the following formula: Q L={ (m L) HTR, 2-(m L) HTR, 1X λ m, wherein, λ mLatent heat for the fusing of HTR medium.Also can learn: offer high-temperature heat radiation device heat Q HNegative value is given by the following formula :-Q H={ (m s) HTR, 4-(m s) HTR, 3X λ mWhen the temperature of HTR device from T HTR, 4Be changed to T HTR, 1The time, the HTR device discharges sensible heat.Therefore, a part of HTR medium fusing is to satisfy energy balance relations.So, (m L) HTR, 1Greater than (m L) HTR, 4Making like this can be less from the heat that low-temperature heat source extracts.Equally, when the temperature of HTR device from T HTR, 2Be changed to T HTR, 3The time, the HTR device absorbs sensible heat.Therefore, a part of HTR medium solidifies to satisfy energy balance relations.So, (m s) HTR, 3Greater than (m s) HTR, 2Make the heat that can be supplied to high-temperature heat radiation device less like this.Loss in the heat transmission quantity is called as " thermal inertia problem ".It shows that the thermal inertia problem is just serious all the more when the quality of HTR conduit increases, and the temperature rising is big more, { T HTR, 2-T HTR, 1Just big more, the thermal inertia problem is just serious more.
Accompanying drawing shows that also HCM-1 can adopt identical material with the HCM-2 medium.In this case, can be with the HCM-1 condensate that in cryogenic condensation operation, obtains as the HCM-2 medium and make it stand the high temperature evaporation operation, also can be with the HCM-2 condensate that in the high temperature condensation operation, forms as the HCM-1 medium and make it stand the low-temperature evaporation operation.
Fig. 2 has illustrated the structure of heat temperature raising device (HTR device) 1.It comprises the many pipes that have thermal conductivity and can keep-up pressure 2,3, one collectors 4 of a large amount of heat temperature raising media, and one be used for cylinder body and piston component 5 that the HTR medium is pressurizeed and reduces pressure.This pressue device can only be a piston, maybe can be the pressue device of any other type.
Put on pressure on the heat temperature raising device by change, heat temperature raising medium (HTR medium) 3 can absorb heat and release heat at high temperature at low temperatures.Material by type of service A describes the present invention as the heat temperature raising medium.HTR under low pressure melts and with the latent heat form storing heat of HTR medium.When increasing institute's applied pressure, the fusing point of HTR medium raises.Under high pressure, at high temperature discharge the latent heat of HTR medium, and the HTR medium will solidify once more.Therefore, by changing institute's applied pressure, HTR will allow the HTR medium to carry out the batch processing of the intensification from low temperature to high temperature.The heat transfer speed of the conduit by heating device is fast more, and it is also just fast more that the HTR medium absorbs and discharge its latent heat.Therefore, pressure changes and must take place quickly.So in the unit interval, the heating-up temperature amount that produces on the unit length of HTR conduit will be bigger.Can be at a series of fins of conduit installed inside to improve the heat transfer speed in the HTR medium.Fig. 2 A has described a kind of HTR device similar to Fig. 2, and its difference is to have installed a series of longitudinal fin 6 in conduit.Fig. 2 B has described a kind of structure of longitudinal fin.Fig. 2 C has described the part sectioned view of the conduit with installation longitudinal fin within it.
The conduit of heat temperature raising device is made by a kind of material that has thermal conductivity and can keep-up pressure.Can be used to constitute the conduit of HTR device by the different modes manufacturing.
Fig. 3 A has illustrated by making the corrugated plating 8 formed a series of conduit 7 that combines.Adjacent conduit is connected by wing plate 9.Fig. 3 B has illustrated a series of conduits that are connected wing plate with similar the having of conduit among Fig. 3 A, and its difference is to be equipped with longitudinal fin in conduit.
Fig. 4 A has illustrated a series of conduits 7, and these conduits have roughly wall thickness 8 uniformly, and do not have between two adjacent conduits under the situation of any connecting wall, and described conduit is each self-separation.
Fig. 5 A has illustrated a kind of porous metals piece with conduit, and these conduits do not have roughly homogeneous thickness.Fig. 5 B has shown a kind of similar structure, and it has fin in conduit.
During the operation with high pressure of HTR, when pressure increased, the fusing point of HTR medium will raise, thereby allowed HTR medium release heat at high temperature.Simultaneously, the outer wall of conduit also can improve its temperature by absorbing the heat that is discharged by the HTR medium among the HTR.After the HTR release pressure, the pressure of HTR will reduce and the fusing point of HTR medium will reduce, thereby allows the HTR medium to absorb heat at low temperatures, and the outer wall of conduit will reduce temperature by release heat among the HTR simultaneously.The efficient of HTR the raising HCM medium heating-up temperature from low-temperature heat source to the high temperature heat abstractor depends on that the latent heat amount of the HTR medium that the HTR batch processing is raise deducts by the employed sensible heat amount of conduit outer wall.Therefore, the sensible heat that is used by conduit outer wall is more little, and HTR will be effective more in the rising temperature.So the material that will have less sensible heat hold-up is used to constitute HTR, will loses less sensible heat, thereby improve the efficient of HTR.
Therefore, in the above conduit of mentioning type since a series of have can the unit's of making catheter volume than the conduit of uniform wall thickness sensible heat loss reach minimum, so a series of conduits that have than uniform wall thickness are preferably in the top of porous piece conduit so that constitute HTR.The employed quantity of material of porous piece conduit is excessive, then can cause sensible heat loss excessive on the conduit unit volume; Therefore, its be unfavorable and applicable to HTR to improve the heating-up temperature among the HTR.On the other hand, a series of to have conduit than a uniform wall thickness used quantity of material in catheter wall less relatively, and it can reduce because the loss in efficiency that the sensible heat amount of conduit unit volume is caused.
By the exchange between HTR mesohigh and the low pressure, the temperature of HCM medium steam will raise; Thereby the HCM medium steam will allow its latent heat to be delivered on the HTR in the HTR medium condensation and to allow latent heat to make the liquefaction of HTR medium through catheter wall.When the pressure of HTR raise, the fusing point of HTR medium will raise and the HTR medium is at high temperature discharged its latent heat HTR and returned the HCM medium.The heat raising ability of HTR depends on the speed of HTR pressure-exchange between high pressure and low pressure.The exchange of HTR between high pressure and low pressure depends on that the heat that the heat of HCM medium imports speed in the HTR medium or HTR medium into discharges the speed that turns back in the HCM medium.
It is lower and lower by the heat transmission resistance of catheter wall that heat in condensation HCM-1 steam is transmitted resistance.The main heat transfer resistance is present in during heat by the HTR medium of himself transmits.
The condensation rate of HCM medium is very fast, and also very fast by the heat transfer speed of catheter wall, but but very slow at the heat transfer speed of the HTR of metal tube inside medium.Therefore, the exchange velocity of HTR between high pressure and low pressure depends on the heat transfer speed of HTR interior media.So, transmit the speed of resistance for the heat that increases HTR medium in the conduit, a series of fins must be installed in the HTR conduit.Can adopt multiple fin, as vertical diametral rib and vertical diametral rib of on fin, having the hole.Can adopt several different methods and material to form these heat conduction fins.For example, shown in Fig. 2 B, can and make it form circle subsequently with the folding foil of zigzag fashion to constitute a vertical diametral rib.Those skilled in the art can easily select a kind of rib structure from multiple known structure.Since diametral rib be along pipe radially transmit heat, therefore, described fin will improve the heat transfer speed of HTR interior media greatly.The installation of fin will reduce the heat of HTR greatly and transmit the pressure conversion rate of resistance and permission increase HTR, thereby improves the hot climbing capacity of HTR.
Preferably a kind of stationary installation of heat temperature raising device (HTR), it is only as a kind of lifting device in order to the latent heat temperature that improves the HTR medium.Himself do not have from the thermal heat transfer capability of low-temperature heat source to high-temperature heat radiation device.Therefore, need one or both heat-carrying agents (HCM medium) to assist to transmit heat to high-temperature heat radiation device from low-temperature heat source.Can use arbitrarily and under ideal operating temperatures, have the compound of suitable steam pressure as heat-carrying agent.
HCM-1 medium in having the zone of thermal source or directly contact or absorb heat and make himself evaporation from thermal source to become HCM-1 steam by a heat exchanger.The HCM-1 medium steam flow to zone and the condensation on the surface of HTR that is provided with HTR.When on the surface of HCM-1 medium steam at HTR during condensation, HTR medium solid fusing and be stored latent heat as the HTR medium by the heat that the HTR medium absorbs.Behind fusing HTR medium, on the HTR medium, apply high pressure so that the fusing point of HTR medium is promoted to a higher temperature.Simultaneously, the high pressure that is applied will make the latent heat of fusing be promoted to high temperature equally.Subsequently, the HTR medium is released into the HCM-2 medium with heat, and the HCM-2 medium at high temperature evaporates.The HCM-2 medium steam enters the high-temperature heat radiation device zone, and in this zone, HCM-2 steam is released into high-temperature heat radiation device by direct or indirect heat exchange with heat.Whole technology of the present invention comprises that the HTR medium acceptance that makes in the HTR device promotes the batch processing of heating-up temperature; And make the evaporation of HCM medium, the absorption and the release of heat are carried out in condensation.The HCM medium can realize heat is passed to from low-temperature heat source the function of high-temperature heat radiation device.Therefore, heat temperature raising system comprises a heat temperature raising device, a kind of heat temperature raising medium and one or both heat-carrying agents.
Because therefore the batch processing that is treated to by HTR improves heating-up temperature, has limited the latent heat amount of the HTR medium that is raise by each batch.So, when the latent heat quantity not sufficient that produces by operation when remedying the sensible heat loss of conduit outer wall, can use many groups HTR systems so that described operation progressively is promoted to desirable temperature.
According to the thermal source of different types, there is different methods of operating.These methods comprise: when not allowing thermal source directly to contact with the HCM medium, can use a heat exchanger to carry out heat transmission.For example, in the operation of a kind of air-conditioning, with water as HCM-1, with room air as thermal source, thereby produce indirect heat exchange.
When thermal source and HCM medium can produce when directly contacting, the HCM medium directly absorbs heat from low-temperature heat source, and HCM-2 medium condensation and heat is released into high-temperature heat radiation device.For example, can use non-molten aqueous substance as the HCM medium from a kind of aqueous solution, to extract heat.
Processed material can provide a kind of HCM medium and can play the effect of thermal source.For example, when a kind of aqueous solution of rapid evaporation, a part of water becomes the effect that the HCM-1 rest parts then plays thermal source.
Heat-producing chemical reaction can produce and be used to evaporate heat-carrying agent to form the heat of HCM medium steam.
A kind of HTR device as shown in Figure 2, wherein, heat temperature raising device 1 is provided with the many conduits that have thermal conductivity and can keep-up pressure 2, a kind of 3, one collectors 4 of heat temperature raising medium and pressue device 5 that is filled in conduit 2 inside.
In order to improve heat transfer speed, shown in Fig. 2 A, can have thermal conductivity and a vertical diametral rib 6 is all installed in conduit 2 inside that can keep-up pressure at each root.
By Fig. 3 A, the system specialization shown in 4A and the 5A profile shown in the section AA of Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 B, 4B and 5B have illustrated the profile shown in the section AA of Fig. 2 A.
Fig. 3 A has illustrated the profile of the many conduits that link together, and these conduits contain HTR medium 7 and have thermal conductivity conduit and the connecting wall between adjacent catheter 9 that has pressure maintenance wall 8.Fig. 3 B has illustrated the profile of the many conduits that link together, and these conduits contain HTR medium 7 and have and have pressure and keep the thermal conductivity conduit of wall 8 and the connecting wall 9 between the adjacent catheter, and the heat conduction fin 10 that is installed in catheter interior.Fig. 4 A has illustrated that the thermal conductivity pressure that contains HTR medium 7 and each root conduit of sealing keeps the profile of the multitube assembly of wall 8.It shows between two adjacent conduits does not have connecting wall.Fig. 4 B has illustrated that the thermal conductivity pressure that contains HTR medium 7 and each root pipe of sealing keeps the profile of the multitube assembly of wall 8, and it has shown does not have connecting wall and be installed in the inner heat conduction fin 10 of pipe between two adjacent pipes.Fig. 5 A has illustrated the profile of the porous thermal conductive piece that contains many conduits 11, and wherein, described conduit contains HTR medium 12.Fig. 5 B has illustrated the profile of the porous thermal conductive piece that contains many conduits 11, and wherein, described conduit contains HTR medium 12 and a heat conduction fin 13 that is installed in catheter interior.
By the system shown in Fig. 6 A and the 6B is a kind of steam pressure elevation system.It comprises a steam pressure 15, one low pressure first steam generations of regional Z-1 zone Z-2 16 that raises, high steam condenser zone Z-3 17, and a valve 18 and a valve 19 that is connected to Z-3 from regional Z-1 that is connected to Z-1 from regional Z-2.Fig. 6 A has illustrated and produced first steam, the i.e. first step of HCM-1 steam in zone 2.Under first pressure, regulate the pressure of HTR medium, wherein the fusion temperature of HTR medium be lower than first steam, be HCM-1 steam condensation temperature, thereby can condensation first steam, i.e. HCM-1 steam and melt the HTR medium of HTR catheter interior.In case starting pressure modifier, just can the control change temperature, so that first steam that in zone 2, produces, being HCM steam enters by an automatic valve 18 (its by a grid and be fixed to the valve block that the film on the grid makes constitute), with heat from first steam, HCM steam is passed to the HTR medium, thereby makes HCM-1 steam be condensed into solid-state or liquid form and melt the HTR medium.
Fig. 6 B has illustrated in case by starting the HTR pressue device medium is exerted pressure, and outside the HTR conduit, applying HCM-2 liquid, heat just can be passed to HCM-2 liquid from the HTR medium, thereby solidifies the HTR medium and evaporate HCM-2 liquid, form high steam thus, i.e. HCM-2 steam.HCM-2 steam flow to zone 3 by another automatic valve 19 from zone 1, thereby at regional 3 internal condensations.
Similar to Fig. 6 A by Fig. 7 A with the system shown in the 6B with the system shown in the 7B, and have two additional areas; A low-temperature heat source zone and a high-temperature heat radiation device zone.Fig. 7 A and 7B have illustrated a kind of system that is used for air-conditioning or makes cooling water.It comprises the steam pressure regional Z-1 that raises, first steam generation zone Z-2A, second vapour condesation zone territory Z-3A, the high-temperature heat radiation device zone Z-3B that contains the low-temperature heat source zone Z-2B of low temperature heat exchange coil 26 and contain high temperature heat exchange coil 27.With in air or the water ingress area Z-2B carrying out heat exchange with described treat liquid HCM medium, thereby form a HCM1 steam.The one HCM1 steam enters regional Z-1, carries out heat exchange with the HTR medium therein and condensation and melt the HTR medium.Referring to Fig. 7 B, regulate pressure and apply treat liquid with the solidification temperature of raising HTR medium and in the heat transmission conduit outside.Therefore, heat is passed to treat liquid from the HTR medium, thereby solidifies the HTR medium and produce the 2nd HCM-2 steam.The 2nd HCM-2 steam enters regional Z-3A and air is circulated at regional Z-3B.Make the 2nd HCM-2 steam in regional Z-3B, carry out heat exchange and remove heat with condensation and by outside air or cold water with air or water.
Similar to Fig. 6 A by Fig. 8 A with the system shown in the 6B with the system shown in the 8B.In this system, evaporate synchronously with refrigeration operation to produce HCM-1 steam and a large amount of solid-state treated substance.Fig. 8 A and 8B have illustrated a kind of system that is used to provide pure water.This system comprises the steam pressure regional Z-1 that raises, first steam generation zone Z-2, and second vapour condesation zone territory Z-3 and a crystal clean regional Z-4.Treated substance 32 is sent in the regional Z-2 to produce a HCM1 steam and to solidify simultaneously.The solid that produces in regional Z-2 with mother liquor is sent to regional Z-4 so that carry out the crystal cleaning.A HCM1 steam that produces in regional Z-2 enters regional Z-1, carries out heat exchange and melts the HTR medium with the HTR medium of wherein condensation.Fig. 8 B has illustrated that regulating pressure applies treat liquid with the solidification temperature of raising HTR medium and in the heat transmission conduit outside.Therefore, heat is passed to treat liquid from the HTR medium, and solidifies the HTR medium, thereby produces the 2nd HCM-2 steam.Subsequently, the crystal 33 that is cleaned is sent to regional Z-3 allowing the 2nd HCM-2 steam condensation from regional Z-4, thus fusing and produce pure water 39.
Similar with the system shown in the 8B to Fig. 8 A with the system shown in the 9B at Fig. 9 A, the operation of carrying out in this system also is similar.In this system, make HCM-2 steam in zone 3, carry out the mediate contact heat exchange with the crystal that is cleaned.
Be applicable to the vacuum crystallization of the aqueous solution and non-aqueous mixture by the system shown in Figure 10 A and the 10B.In this system, by the cooling medium condensation, and formed crystal can be by the HCM-2 steam-melting in zone 3 for formed HCM-2 steam.This system is specially adapted to make ice cube, thereby can be pressed into an ice cube what made in 2 in the zone than ice cube.This system also is highly suitable for distilling refrigerating process, and this technology is by Chen-Yen Cheng and Sing-WangCheng invention and at United States Patent(USP) Nos. 4218893,4433558, and is disclosed in 4451273 and 4578093.
Figure 11 A and 11B have illustrated a kind of manifold effect vapo(u)rization system, this system is included in the first manifold effect evaporimeter among the main processing region Z-1, Z-1A, the second manifold effect evaporimeter, Z-1B, HTR device 61 in the Z-2A of this system's first end and the 2nd HTR device 62 in Z-2B, and the 3rd HTR device 63 in the Z-3A of this system's second end and the 4th HTR device 64 in Z-3B.Periodical operation HTR device and the described manifold effect evaporimeter of simultaneously operating almost.
The first manifold effect evaporimeter Z-1A comprises nine evaporimeter ZE-1 to ZE-9 that for example are connected in series, 69 to 77, and they have the operating pressure that reduces continuously along the direction towards right-hand member ZE-9 from left end ZE-1.The second manifold effect evaporimeter Z-1B comprise nine evaporimeter ZE '-1 being connected in series to ZE '-9,78 to 86, they have the operating pressure that reduces continuously along the direction towards right-hand member ZE '-9 from left end ZE '-1.
The effect of evaporimeter and condenser is respectively periodically operated and alternately played to four HTR devices.Operate this four HTR devices with coordination mode.When the time spent of doing of playing an evaporimeter at one or two HTR device of each end, another device plays the effect of a condenser.Shown in Figure 11 A and 11B, the HTR device in Z-2A 61 and Z-3B 64 has played the effect of two steam generators and HTR device in Z-2B 62 and Z-3A 63 plays the effect of two condensers.
The vapor stream that is produced is as the fluid supply to ZE-1 zone and ZE '-1 zone, thus startup manifold effect evaporator operation.The steam that leaves last effect ZE-9 to ZE '-9 is condensed in playing two HTR devices of condenser effect.Figure 11 B has illustrated the same system in other half period, and wherein, the HTR device in Z-2B and Z-3A becomes steam generator and the HTR device in Z-2A and Z-3B becomes condenser.
Figure 12 A and 12B illustrated a kind of to by Figure 11 A manifold effect evaporator system similar with system shown in the 11B.In this system, utilize the corrugated metallic walls to form downward film evaporator.The operation of this system is with to combine Figure 11 A similar with the described operation of 11B.
Figure 13 has illustrated a kind of automatic valve system, and this system can provide the steam channel from a chamber to another chamber under the situation that need not any mechanical device or any motor switch.Described valve system is made of a net 105 and the separating device that is used for two chambers as structure support, and described separating device has the valve block 106 (being made of film) that is fixed thereon.These separating devices with the film 106 that is fixed become the separating device between two chambers.Diaphragm type valve block 106 is responsive for pressure, and wherein, when the pressure of a chamber is higher than another chamber, described valve block will be opened automatically, thereby allows steam to flow to low pressure second chamber from high pressure first chamber.When the pressure of second chamber began to be higher than the pressure of first chamber, it can be closed automatically.
Figure 13 A has illustrated an a kind of aperture of being made by film 106, and described film is fixed on the clamper 107 at the top in aperture.
Principle of the present invention has the purposes of wide scope, as air-conditioning, water purifies, distill freezing, the manufacturing of ice, wastewater treatment, desalination, distillation procedure under room temperature or high temperature, or the purification of organic chemistry goods with separate, and require to utilize other field of improving heating-up temperature from low-temperature heat source to the high temperature heat abstractor.

Claims (19)

1. one kind makes heat be passed to the method for heat abstractor from thermal source, and wherein the temperature of heat abstractor is higher than described heat source temperature, and this method may further comprise the steps:
A) between heat-carrying agent and thermal source, form the steam of heat-carrying agent by direct or indirect contact method;
(b) heat is passed to the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point contained in described conduit tube component from the first heat-carrying agent steam; Described conduit is made by a kind of assembly in the following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) a plurality of conduits that link together, or (4) porous pieces; Or having a conduit of heat conduction fin, described heat conduction fin is arranged in the assembly in the following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) a plurality of conduits that link together, or (4) porous pieces;
(c) pressure that will be applied to the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point is second pressure from described first pressure change;
(d) by solidifying the latent heat that discharges heat is passed to second heat-carrying agent to form the second heat-carrying agent steam from the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point; Thus, the temperature of second heat-carrying agent is higher than the temperature of first heat-carrying agent;
(e) latent heat with the second heat-carrying agent steam is sent to a heat abstractor, and the temperature of heat abstractor is higher than the temperature of described thermal source thus.
2. method that is used for the purified treatment material may further comprise the steps:
(a) between heat-carrying agent and thermal source, form heat-carrying agent steam and handle the solid matter of feed by direct or indirect contact method;
(b) will solidify the solid-state treated substance of part that produces from water or chemical feed and deliver to and clean or separation circuit, so that separate mother liquor and solid matter, described operation or by cleaning or being undertaken by drainage;
(c) by means of the steam of first heat-carrying agent by a valve gear, heat is passed to conduit from a thermal source, described conduit is made by a kind of assembly in the following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) many conduits that link together, or (4) porous piece, or has a conduit of heat conduction fin, described heat conduction fin is arranged in the assembly in the following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) many conduit tube components that link together, or (4) porous piece;
(d) heat further is delivered to the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point of catheter interior, makes the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point carry out phase transformation from solid to liquid;
(e) pressure that will be applied to the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point is second pressure from described first pressure change;
(f) by solidifying the latent heat that discharges, heat is passed to second heat-carrying agent from the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point in the conduit, second heat-carrying agent to small part is evaporated thus, and the pressure-dependent medium of while fusing point is local solidification at least;
(g) the second heat-carrying agent steam is passed to heat abstractor by another valve gear with the latent heat with the second heat-carrying agent steam, and thus, the temperature of heat abstractor is higher than the temperature of described thermal source;
(h) make from cleaning the solid that is cleaned that the zone obtains and form direct or indirect the contact with second heat-carrying agent, thus condensation second heat-carrying agent and melt solid-state treated substance synchronously.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the described step that heat is passed to the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point contained in an assembly from a thermal source by first heat-carrying agent comprises makes first heat-carrying agent that flow to the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point carry out part or all of phase transformation from steam to liquid or solid, and the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point carries out the part or all of phase transformation from solid to liquid; And
Comprise by the step of solidifying the latent heat that discharges, heat is passed to a heat abstractor from the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point enough heats are passed to described second heat-carrying agent from the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point, so that described second heat-carrying agent is partly solidified at least to small part evaporation and the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein, evaporate first heat-carrying agent by following a kind of method to small part: (a) the mediate contact heat exchange between a heat-carrying agent and a thermal source, (b) thus the rapid evaporation of heat-carrying agent produces the cooling liquid of heat-carrying agent, or the steam that (c) produces by the last effect of utilizing by the manifold effect evaporimeter is as the first heat-carrying agent steam.
5. method according to claim 2, wherein, evaporate first heat-carrying agent by following a kind of method to small part: (a) the mediate contact heat exchange between a heat-carrying agent and a thermal source, (b) thus the rapid evaporation of heat-carrying agent produces the cooling liquid of heat-carrying agent, (c) evaporate synchronously and refrigeration operation, thus by chemical feed make a large amount of solid-state treated substances or the steam that (d) produces by the last effect of utilizing by the manifold effect evaporimeter as the first heat-carrying agent steam.
6. method according to claim 5 wherein, will be solidified the solid-state treated substance of part that produces by water or chemical feed and send to cleaning and form the relation of heat exchange with second heat-carrying agent, thereby melt solid-state treated substance and condensation second heat-carrying agent synchronously.
7. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, from the group that organic or inorganic chemical material and composition thereof is formed or with respective pure form or with compound form, select the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point, its melting range is between-30 ℃ to 100 ℃, and when selecting the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point from the mixture of compound, described mixture has the eutectic point of scope between-30 ℃ to 100 ℃.
8. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the step that is passed to a heat abstractor from a thermal source by first heat-carrying agent, with heat comprises the temperature that improve heat-carrying agents with many group heat temperature raising devices with a plurality of steps.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, it is freezing that described method is used for the air-conditioning distillation, the manufacturing of water, cable water purifies, wastewater treatment, desalination, distillation procedure under room temperature or high temperature, the purification of organic chemistry goods with separate, or to be used for the requirement utilization be any other field of high heating-up temperature from low-temperature heat source to high temperature heat abstractor.
10. method according to claim 2, wherein, described method is used for air-conditioning, cable water purifies, wastewater treatment, desalination, the distillation procedure under room temperature or high temperature, the purification of organic chemistry goods with separate.
11. method according to claim 1, wherein, for heat is passed to heat abstractor from thermal source, wherein the temperature of heat abstractor is higher than heat source temperature, and this method may further comprise the steps:
(a) between heat-carrying agent and thermal source, form the steam of heat-carrying agent by direct or indirect contact method;
(b) steam by first heat-carrying agent by a valve gear is passed to conduit tube component with heat from a thermal source, above-mentioned conduit is made by a kind of assembly in the following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) a plurality of conduit tube components that link together; Or (4) porous piece or have the conduit of heat conduction fin, described heat conduction fin is arranged in the assembly in the following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) a plurality of conduit tube components that link together, or (4) porous pieces;
(c) heat further is passed to the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point of catheter interior, thus, the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point carries out the phase transformation from solid to liquid;
(d) pressure that will put on the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point is second pressure from described first pressure change;
(e) by solidifying the latent heat that discharges, heat is passed to second heat-carrying agent from the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point within the conduit, the near small part evaporation of the second heat-carrying agent near small part curing of the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point simultaneously thus;
(f) the second heat-carrying agent steam is passed to heat abstractor by another valve gear with the latent heat with the second heat-carrying agent steam, and the temperature of heat abstractor is higher than the temperature of described thermal source.
12. method according to claim 2, wherein, described valve gear is served as reasons as the isolated screen of structure support or net and is used for the valve that the valve block of unidirectional steam channel is made.
13. method according to claim 11, wherein, described valve gear is served as reasons as the isolated screen of structure support or net and is used for the valve that the valve block of unidirectional steam channel is made.
14. method according to claim 1, wherein, the heat of described second steam to small part is released into heat abstractor.
15. a heat temperature raising equipment, it comprises:
(a) be contained in the interior pressure-dependent medium of fusing point of conduit; Above-mentioned conduit is made by following a kind of assembly: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) a plurality of conduits that link together, or (4) porous pieces; Or having a conduit of heat conduction fin, described heat conduction fin is arranged in the assembly in the following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) a plurality of conduits that link together, or (4) porous pieces;
(b) collector;
(c) be connected on the conduit to form a pressue device of heat temperature raising device;
(d) the pressure-dependent medium of above-mentioned fusing point is meant and absorbs the heat and the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point of release heat at high temperature at low temperatures, and the said equipment comprises the heat temperature raising device that its pressure inside fluctuates between low pressure and high pressure;
(e) above-mentioned pressue device is meant and is used for cylinder body and piston component that the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point is pressurizeed or reduces pressure, and above-mentioned conduit forms fluid with piston mobile or other pressue device and is communicated with.
16. one kind is used for heat is passed to the equipment of heat abstractor from thermal source, wherein heat sink temperature is higher than heat source temperature, and it comprises:
(a) between heat-carrying agent and thermal source, form the steam of heat-carrying agent by direct or indirect contact method;
(b) heat is passed to the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point contained in conduit tube component from heat-carrying agent steam, described conduit is made by a kind of assembly in the following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) a plurality of conduits that link together or (4) porous pieces; Or having a conduit of heat conduction fin, described heat conduction fin is arranged in the assembly in the following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) a plurality of conduits that link together, or (4) porous pieces;
(c) collector;
(d) pressue device that is second pressure from described first pressure change with the pressure of the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point;
(e) by solidifying the latent heat that discharges heat is passed to second heat-carrying agent to form the steam of second heat-carrying agent from the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point; Above-mentioned second heat-carrying agent is meant that its temperature is higher than second heat-carrying agent of the first heat-carrying agent temperature;
(f) heat abstractor is sent to a heat abstractor with the latent heat of the second heat-carrying agent steam, and above-mentioned heat abstractor is meant that its temperature is higher than the heat abstractor of described heat source temperature;
(g) above-mentioned pressue device is meant and is used for cylinder body and piston component that the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point is pressurizeed or reduces pressure, and above-mentioned conduit forms fluid with a piston mobile or other pressue device and is communicated with.
17. an equipment that is used for the purified treatment material, it comprises:
(a) between heat-carrying agent and thermal source, form heat-carrying agent steam and handle the solid matter of feed by direct or indirect contact method;
(b) cleaning or Disengagement zone;
(c) by means of heat-carrying agent steam by a valve gear, heat is passed to conduit from a thermal source, described conduit is made by a kind of assembly in the following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) a plurality of conduit tube components that link together, or (4) porous piece or have the conduit of heat conduction fin, described heat conduction fin is arranged in the assembly of a following type: (1) pipe, (2) one multitube assemblies, (3) a plurality of conduit tube components that link together, or (4) porous piece;
(d) collector;
(e) heat further is delivered to the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point of catheter interior, makes the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point carry out phase transformation from solid to liquid;
(f) pressue device that is second pressure from described first pressure change with the pressure of the pressure-dependent medium of described fusing point;
(g) by solidifying the latent heat that discharges the described fusing point pressure-dependent medium of heat outside conduit is passed to second heat-carrying agent, second heat-carrying agent is meant that the pressure-dependent medium of above-mentioned fusing point is meant the pressure-dependent medium of partly solidified at least fusing point to second heat-carrying agent of small part evaporation;
(h) clear area makes the solid that is cleaned that is obtained by cleaning area directly or indirectly contact with second heat-carrying agent, thus synchronous condensation second heat-carrying agent and melt solid-state treated substance;
(i) heat abstractor, the second heat-carrying agent steam is passed to heat abstractor by another valve with the latent heat with the second heat-carrying agent steam, and above-mentioned heat abstractor is meant that its temperature is higher than the heat abstractor of the temperature of thermal source;
(j) above-mentioned pressue device is meant and is used for cylinder body and piston component that the pressure-dependent medium of fusing point is pressurizeed or reduces pressure, and above-mentioned conduit forms fluid with piston mobile or other pressue device and is communicated with.
18. as equipment as described in any in the claim 15,16 or 17, the wherein said valve gear that is used for steam channel, comprise a plurality of valves that are used for unidirectional steam channel, described valve comprises at least one by isolated screen that is used as structure support or separating device and the steam channel that net is made, and described steam channel has the film valve block that is fixed on the described separating device.
19. according to any described equipment in the claim 15,16 or 17, wherein said equipment comprises valve, and these valves are used to be provided at the passage of first heat-carrying agent between described thermal source and the described heat temperature raising device and the passage of second heat-carrying agent between described heat temperature raising device and described heat abstractor.
CNB998168629A 1999-08-13 1999-08-13 Heat temperature raising system Expired - Fee Related CN1223811C (en)

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CN113701421B (en) * 2020-05-21 2022-09-20 合肥华凌股份有限公司 Refrigeration equipment, control method, control device and computer readable storage medium
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AU5558299A (en) 2001-03-13
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EG22383A (en) 2003-01-29
KR20020037343A (en) 2002-05-18

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