CN1223301A - One-step steel-making process from iron ore - Google Patents
One-step steel-making process from iron ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN1223301A CN1223301A CN 98100242 CN98100242A CN1223301A CN 1223301 A CN1223301 A CN 1223301A CN 98100242 CN98100242 CN 98100242 CN 98100242 A CN98100242 A CN 98100242A CN 1223301 A CN1223301 A CN 1223301A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an one-step steel-making process by using ion ore. Said invented process not only possesses the necessary condition for fully-preheating, reducing and melting iron ore mixed material, but also possesses the function of using molten metal to quickly oxygen-smelt steel, so that the direct reduction melting of the iron ore can provide continuous uninterrupted molten iron for smelting steel, and the steel-making process also can feed the high-temp. gas and chemical heat produced in the course of steel-making process back to reduction system so as to promote the reduction and melting of the iron ore. Said invention is a negative-pressure all-closed system, and can maximally utilize raw material and recover waste heat, and at the same time, does not contaminate environment.
Description
" one-step steel-making process from iron ore ", it is an invention of ferrous metallurgy method, be steel-making, two significant combining of metallurgical process of giving shield of ironmaking, form a kind of brand-new ferrous metallurgy method that oxidation and reduction complement one another with great realistic meaning and practical value.
Prior art reach over one hundred year decades prolong with and the self-perfection process in, developed into comparatively proven technique, be the development of Iron And Steel Industry, for the mankind's material progress has been made major contribution.But big, the problems such as energy consumption is high, technology is numerous and jumbled, environmental pollution of traditional technology inherent waste have not only perplexed the development of prior art self, and also making human society is to satisfy the needs of steel and iron have been paid heavy cost and sacrifice.
Iron-smelting blast furnace, furnace charge is gone into stove from normal temperature, be separated to and tap a blast furnace through preheating, reduction, fusion, slag iron, finish among the Quan Zailu, so blast furnace is along with the development of maximizing, blast furnace is more and more higher, and the large blast furnace that has is up to 120m, blast furnace brings a series of problems to the height development, all can be multiplied as feed, water supply, refractory materials, capital cost etc.Blast furnace is that a shaft furnace furnace charge must have good ventilation property, for this reason, require furnace charge that strict granularity and intensity are arranged, so blast furnace calorific value height for a long time, intensity is big, and expensive coke is the energy, however the coking coal shortage, have only 5% of total producing coal amount, can't satisfy the needs of iron-smelting blast furnace production development.
Steel-making, open hearth, electric furnace, converter steelmaking is a furnace charge with iron and steel stock all.The energy, the electric furnace electricity consumption, open hearth fires shortage of raw materials with coal gas or heavy oil, and production cost is also high.The steel-making of coverter pig oxygen, but in order to satisfy the smoke evacuation requirement, fire door has a huge flue gas sewage cooling dust-removal system before machine, as [AN], a converter production will encircle water and mend the new water of 100t/h with 500t/h, with 1400-1600 ℃, the CO peak value is up to 86% coal gas of high temperature resource, drop into very big manpower and materials equipment it is destroyed, after water pollutes, carry out secondary again and administer.Obviously this is a very big waste, also has, and Steel Plant are famous environmental pollution rich anies influential family, and everything all is that traditional technology is solving always, but the problem that does not solve all the time.
Purpose of the present invention is sought new ideal ferrous metallurgy method exactly, replaces irrational traditional method, fundamentally solves the hard nut to crack that prior art exists.One step steel melting furnace has oxidation and reductive dual-use function, the iron ore compound goes into to have behind the stove sufficient chance or condition preheating, reduction, fusion, final high temperature liquid metal to smelt into steel with oxygen, thereby iron ore is under the totally-enclosed free of contamination environment of efficient low-consume, and a step steel melting furnace is finished the whole process of iron ore to steel.
Content of the present invention, its core are step steel melting furnaces.One step steel melting furnace is made up of five interrelated important device of each tool independence mission again, that is: the high frequency perpendicular tower of the pre-thermal reduction of plate that quivers is called for short and erects tower; Reciprocating type stepping pusher reduction tunnel furnace is called for short tunnel furnace; The fusion shaft furnace is called for short shaft furnace; The waste heat hot metal mixer; Two molten baths oxygen steelmaking stove is called for short the steel-making of two molten baths.Perpendicular tower is a square plate tower, outer steel structure, inner lining refractory block, the multilayer hectare slant height plate that quivers is frequently arranged, the plate frequency of quivering and hectare angle, the granularity of visual material and feeding speed require to carry out stepless adjustment, furnace charge can carry out preheating and reduction with during the 500-800 ℃ of big specific surface of high-temperature furnace gas contacts at this.
Tunnel furnace is a multi-functional dynamic channel that connects, and the bottom is with the heat-resisting steel sheet and plate shop fixtures and be fixed on the joist.Steel plate is high-temperature cement knotting layer down.Two wall liners are built into refractory brick, and the top is the prefabricated cover plate of high-alumina fly, on the cover plate with the perlite insulation of binding.It under the cover plate cold wind preheating pipe.On the steel plate of bottom reciprocating type charging ram and ploughshare plate are arranged, pusher when the ploughshare plate advances is lifted certain altitude and furnace charge is blocked flat when retreating.Charging ram (bilayer sleeve) back and forth drives for the dried motor of nest.But stepless speed regulation, charging ram and preceding ten row's ploughshare plates are cold of vapour.The ploughshare plate can stir furnace charge and push ahead.Temperature field and competent reducing atmosphere (H that a suitable reduction of iron ore is arranged in tunnel furnace
2+ CO＞0.6; 805-1000 ℃ of material out temperature), temperature can be adjusted as required, and tunnel furnace is the main device of reduction of iron ore.
The fusion shaft furnace is to erect the tower heat supply, give gas and will enter the high temperature furnace charge continuation heating of shaft furnace, additional reduction, melt to tunnel furnace, to the important step of waste heat hot metal mixer conveying high-temp liquid metal.Be the shaft furnace of building refractory brick in the box hat, middle part and bottom communicate with hot metal mixer.The middle part is equipped with symmetric sealing screw stoker, and coal-fired fully burn in the place at hot-air mouth from adding here, and the liquid metal fusion has and oozes the good furnace charge that the charcoal chance is an oxygen steelmaking fully.
The waste heat hot metal mixer is the horizontal storage iron furnace of spheroid of box hat belt material, and two ends connect with shaft furnace and two molten baths steel melting furnace respectively and are connected, store and mix, and the molten iron that enters by shaft furnace, and heat with making steel the coal gas of high temperature of coming.Top is subjected to the iron mouth, can accept external molten iron, and there are two iron notchs the middle and lower part, the slagging of also can skimming of middle part iron notch.
Two molten baths steel melting furnace, it is the twin furnace disjunctor stove of a box hat belt material, two stove tops communicate, a molten bath and corresponding tap hole slag notch are respectively arranged at the bottom, the top is aerobic rifle hole respectively, the available same rifle Oxygen Furnace Steel of taking turns, be characterized in: a stove Oxygen Furnace Steel, another stove can be tapped, the hot metal charging of feeding; Because top communicates, the heat-flash that the side of making steel produces can make the heating of opposite side furnace charge, so take turns to carry out, can utilize the waste heat continuous steelmaking to greatest extent, provide high temperature reduction coal gas to hot metal mixer shaft furnace tunnel furnace continuously, can make the continual and steady operation of a step steel melting furnace.
Technological process is: with grade 〉=60%, the iron ore of granularity 0.3-20m/m and granularity≤25m/m also raw coal (hard coal) press 1: 0.18 proportioning, the lime masonry sweetening agent combination drying that adds 1% granularity≤25 again is good, send in the perpendicular top of tower feed bin with lift, deliver to the perpendicular tower the superiors through the helixseal material distributing machine and quiver on the plate.Material successively jumps and carries out pre-thermal reduction with the high-temperature flue gas relative movement in the landing process prolonging the plate inclined-plane that quivers, when furnace charge advances to perpendicular tower bottom, the reciprocal pushing device of quilt is sent tunnel furnace to and is progressively being rolled and pushes shaft furnace to, iron ore has been reduced into the high temperature sponge iron about 1000 ℃ when near shaft furnace, after entering shaft furnace, continue to heat up and replenish reduction, near high-temperature zone (＞1400 ℃) quilt fusion rapidly waste heat hot metal mixer and shaft furnace junction and hot-air mouth at last, the gravity flow of high-temp liquid metal enters the waste heat hot metal mixer, the accumulation of heat homogeneous then enters two molten baths steel melting furnace, again by oxygen supply intensity 〉=requirement, speed of oxygen supply＞2 yard conspicuous number, air feed purity 〉=99.5% can be smelted into steel, and the coal gas of high temperature that steel-making produces feeds back to shaft furnace, the tunnel furnace system, accelerate furnace charge fusion and reduction, form the benign cycle reaction process.(as figure).
Direct Steel Process adopts the injection smoke evacuation, not limited by flue-gas temperature, and air ejection can be burnt remaining coal gas, waters down the unit volume dust concentration.Induced-draft fan is located at flue outlet (flue has refractory lining) and dry feed bin interface, and injection volume can be adjusted automatically according to the exhaust gas volumn size in 30 ° at injection angle, but blower motor automatic stepless speed-regulating.
Technique effect of the present invention and characteristics:
(1) the combustion raw material resources is abundant, and production cost is low, and the combustion starting material that smelting one ton of steel needs have:
Iron ore or pellet grade are at 63% above 1.8 tons;
Coal (coal combustion bituminous coal 68%; Also the raw coal hard coal 32%) 0.9 ton;
Sweetening agent is Wingdale 1-2%;
Oxygen 50m
3
Water electricity consumption trace.
Add up to material cost (containing scaling loss): 1.8 * 200+0.9 * 200+80=620 unit/t
Ld steel, only one of iron and steel stock (containing scaling loss): 1100 * (1+1.5)=1265 yuan/t
Difference is big very greatly different.
(2) one step steel melting furnaces are multifunction system, can tap and also can tap a blast furnace, promptly available self-produced molten iron-steelmaking, available again external molten iron-steelmaking, melten iron in hot-metal mixer advances steel melting furnace steel-making and still directly taps a blast furnace, and can select voluntarily as required, and this is that other steelmaking process does not definitely have., can be established one's own system fully to shaft furnace by perpendicular tower, tunnel furnace, be to make full use of waste heat, totally-enclosed free of contamination horizontal iron-smelting furnace with coal without coke; Waste heat hot metal mixer and two molten baths steel melting furnace add the injection smoke evacuation and also can establish one's own system, become a kind of brand-new steel melting furnace, because investment is little, working cost is low, the most suitable have iron not have steel, build the apyrogenic middle-size and small-size iron work of hot metal mixer and adopt, ton steel cost is lower by about 16% than top-blown oxygen steelmaking, but most economical and effective is a step steel-making oven process.
(3) thermosteresis is little, the recovery utilization rate height
One step steel melting furnace, it with regard to total system a high temperature anoxybiotic closed system, help the formation of metallurgical reducing gas, help the recycling of all pyrogens, the steel-making coal gas of high temperature uses, and this is a very big energy-saving and cost-reducing behave, it in high-temperature flue gas and the furnace charge convective motion deceleration temperature-fall period, especially perpendicular tower has tangible filter dirt and gravitational dust collection effect, and dust has abundant chance to be adsorbed by furnace charge, and scaling loss is by secondary reduction.Therefore, the degree of metalization behind the reduction of iron ore can reach more than 93%, and system's scaling loss can be controlled in below 7%, can hang down about 50% than converter steelmaking scaling loss.
(4) steel-making ironmaking unites two into one, steel melting furnace twin furnace disjunctor, and the effect that is produced all is unprecedented.
(5) recruitment is few, and working cost is low.
Remove the stock ground, before the steel melting furnace and outside the cast steel recruitment, other position only needs maintenance personnel and managerial personnel, and production run is most of, and recruitment is lower by 90% than traditional technology by flowing automatically and machinery is finished, the water power consumption seldom, working cost is about about 20% of converter.
(6) one step STEELMAKING PRODUCTION are totally-enclosed free of contamination systems of negative pressure, meet the requirement of strategy of sustainable development policy fully.
Claims (4)
1. a step steel melting furnace is to be associated by five, and the device of each tool independence mission constitutes again.Its technical characterictic is, steel-making and significant the combining of metallurgical process of two contradictions of smelting iron, thereby a step steel melting furnace has oxidation and reduction, dual-use function that complementarity is stronger.Iron ore and go back the mixture charge that raw coal is formed on request has sufficient condition and chance preheating, reduction, fusion in a step steel melting furnace, last fused liquid metal is smelted into steel with oxygen.
These devices are respectively: the high frequency perpendicular tower of the pre-thermal reduction of plate that quivers, be called for short perpendicular tower [1]; Reciprocating type stepping pusher reduction tunnel furnace is called for short tunnel furnace [2]; The fusion shaft furnace is called for short shaft furnace [3]; Waste heat hot metal mixer [4]; Two molten baths oxygen steelmaking stove is called for short two molten bath steel-making [5].[1] be the perpendicular tower of barrel shape, the shell steel construction, interior block firebrick lining, Ta Nei establishes the multilayer high frequency plate that quivers, quiver plate frequency and inclination angle according to reinforced require adjustable.Its technical characterictic is: the reduction furnace charge forms very big heat exchange specific surface along the plate inclined-plane downward free landing of jumping of quivering with smoke convection, is the efficient plate tower of an iron ore preheating of mixed material, prereduction.[2] be a multi-functional dynamic channel, bottom high temperature steel shop fixtures, two walls are built by laying bricks or stones with refractory brick, the top is the prefabricated cover plate of high-alumina fly, on the plate with the perlite insulation of binding.There is pre-heating duct to pass through under the cover plate, chews hot wind supply to shaft furnace wind.Reciprocating type pushing device is arranged on the shop fixtures plate, and pushing device push rod (sleeve pipe) and preceding ten row's ploughshare plates are cold of vapour, by the nest bar, and rotating push-and-pull ploughshare plate.The reach of the iron ore compound can being rolled of ploughshare plate is lifted the ploughshare plate by automatic access bridge when retreating, and the furnace charge of piling up is blocked flat, so goes round and begins again, and can push furnace charge to shaft furnace.The temperature field and the competent reducing atmosphere of a suitable reduction of iron ore are arranged here, and tunnel furnace feed inlet and outlet temperature is controlled at 805-1000 ℃, H
2When+CO＞0.6, (can align) run to the tunnel furnace outlet when the iron ore compound, become the high temperature sponge iron about 1000 ℃, degree of metalization is more than 93%, and tunnel furnace is the main device of a step steel melting furnace reduction of iron ore.[3] be a drum type shaft furnace, the box hat inner lining refractory block, the middle part is communicated with steel melting furnace by the waste heat hot metal mixer, the steel-making coal gas of high temperature enters shaft furnace thus, the middle and lower part has two symmetric helixseal coal burning machines and a hot blast burning to chew, its technical characterictic is: by remaining coal and coal-fired before the air port the entering of burning and steel-making coal gas of high temperature, make the high temperature sponge iron that enters shaft furnace by tunnel furnace, continue heating, fusing and replenish reduction.The high temperature liquid iron that charcoal is oozed in fusion enters the waste heat hot metal mixer and stocks steel-making, simultaneously to tunnel furnace and the heat supply endlessly of perpendicular tower for metallurgical reducing gas, guarantee that iron ore fully reduces.Therefore doing the shaft furnace operation well, is the important step of guaranteeing step steel melting furnace steady running.[4] be the horizontal storage iron furnace of spheroid of building refractory brick in the box hat, two ends are connected with steel melting furnace with shaft furnace respectively.Its technical characterictic is: top has one to be subjected to the iron mouth, can accept external molten iron-steelmaking.There are two iron notchs the middle and lower part, can tap a blast furnace according to liquid level, and suitable for reading also can be used for slags tap.Adopt fixed or tilting-type all can, fixed investment is little, its iron notch is communicated with by the iron mouth respectively by molten iron tank (band closing cap) with two steel melting furnaces.Its thermal source relies on the heating of steel-making coal gas of high temperature.[5] be the twin furnace disjunctor stove of building dolomite brick in the box hat, top two stoves are communicated with, a molten bath and corresponding tap hole slag notch are respectively arranged at the bottom, an oxygen rifle hole is respectively arranged at the top, its technical characterictic is: a stove Oxygen Furnace Steel, another stove reinforced hot metal charging of can tapping, the heat-flash that the side of making steel produces, can make opposite side furnace charge heat temperature raising, can make full use of waste heat, reduce steel-making temperature raising oxygen consumption and shorten the heat, the more important thing is can accomplish continuous steelmaking and continous-stable carry coal gas of high temperature to shaft furnace and tunnel furnace, accelerate the furnace charge reducing and smelting, also provide competent molten iron for quick steel.
Therefore, above-mentioned technique device and it is characterized by is guaranteed a step steel melting furnace, provides reliable guarantee with the iron ore direct steelmaking.
2.[1], [2], [3] can establish one's own system and directly tap a blast furnace.Be brand-new to make the energy with coal, furnace charge high temperature is gone into the horizontal iron-smelting furnace of stove.
3.[4], [5] can establish one's own system, and uses external molten iron-steelmaking.Be to have iron not have steel, build hot metal mixer and do not have thermal source, the insufficient medium and small ironworks of financial strength, the optimal selection of last steel-making.
4. the air ejection smoke evacuation is adopted in step steel-making, draws 30 ° at oblique angle, the stepless adjustment of blower motor.Its technical characterictic is: the injection smoke evacuation is not limited by flue-gas temperature; Can burn remaining coal gas; Reduce the unit volume dust concentration; The protection thermal source is used by oneself.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98100242 CN1223301A (en) | 1998-01-15 | 1998-01-15 | One-step steel-making process from iron ore |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98100242 CN1223301A (en) | 1998-01-15 | 1998-01-15 | One-step steel-making process from iron ore |
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| CN1223301A true CN1223301A (en) | 1999-07-21 |
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| CN 98100242 Pending CN1223301A (en) | 1998-01-15 | 1998-01-15 | One-step steel-making process from iron ore |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101560580B (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-12-29 | 邢传一 | New iron-making and steel-making process by one-step method and equipment thereof |
| CN101935733B (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2012-11-21 | Posco公司 | Apparatus for manufacturing molten irons by injecting fine coals into a melter-gasifier and the method using the same |
-
1998
- 1998-01-15 CN CN 98100242 patent/CN1223301A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101935733B (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2012-11-21 | Posco公司 | Apparatus for manufacturing molten irons by injecting fine coals into a melter-gasifier and the method using the same |
| CN101560580B (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-12-29 | 邢传一 | New iron-making and steel-making process by one-step method and equipment thereof |
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