CN1223300A - Process for synthesizing ester from Rhizopus chinensis by using enzyme method - Google Patents
Process for synthesizing ester from Rhizopus chinensis by using enzyme method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention adopts the self-produced microbial lipase (Rhizopus chinensis) to make enzymatic synthesis of esters substance used in the fields of wine brewing, food, pharmaceutic and domestic chemical product industries. Under the condition of 15-400 deg.C, said invention uses the lipase produced by microbial fermentation to make catalytic esterification reaction in non-water phase instead of existent high-temp. esterification process by using chemical catalyst in industry. Said invented method features mild reaction condition, saving energy source, strong reaction specificity, less harmful by-product, making enzyme catalytic esterification reaction in organic solvent, and high reaction efficiency, and its converted product is high in quality and belongs to natural product.
Description
The present invention relates to biochemical industry, a kind of specifically method that in organic solvent, transforms fatty acid ester with microbial lipase.Ester is many industrial common chemical materials such as wine brewing, food, beverage, medicine, daily-use chemical industry.But industrial for a long time is to produce by chemical process.Promptly use organic catalyst (as the vitriol oil etc.) catalytic hydroxy acid esterifying reaction at high temperature to finish.Chemical process is produced following shortcoming: the first, the organic catalyst of Shi Yonging is easily brought heavy metals such as lead, arsenic into, at high temperature some side reactions can take place and produce harmful material in chemical catalysis, although indicate the printed words of " food grade " at present, security is not high enough; The second, power consumption was high during reaction was produced under the hot conditions; Three, chemical process is produced the of low grade of product, and effect is also poor in the use of some product.For example, in the blending of yeast wine, can produce an unusually sweet smell or the floating fragrance that is different from yeast wine nature fragrance, influence the quality of product.Four, from point of view of environment protection, the production of Applied Biotechnology instead of chemical approach conversion at present compound meets trend in the world.Although the research report that transforms Ester by biological catalyst is also arranged, to produce as microorganism direct fermentation, production concentration is low, can't carry out the production of economic scale, and the complicacy of microbial metabolites has also influenced the scope of using.Enzymatic conversion method is at present then because the catalysis synthesis capability of enzyme is low and stability is not high, adds reasons such as the concentration of reaction product is low, only rests on conceptual phase.
Therefore the objective of the invention is in order to solve the deficiency of aforesaid method, the lipase that adopts microbial fermentation to produce replaces organic catalyst, utilize enzyme biocatalysis esterification in organic solvent, in the injury of avoiding organic catalyst that human body is caused, cut down the consumption of energy, improve the result of use of product, when improving environment, select the high zhizopchin lipase of synthesis capability for use, adopt tensio-active agent non-covalent modification lipase to improve the stability of lipase catalytic capability in organic solvent.
Major technique of the present invention thes contents are as follows:
A, reinforced: (0.25～0.80mol/L) adds in the conventional enzyme reactor that contains organic solvent after the stirring and dissolving, begins to react after adding the lipase of 6000～10000u/L again by volumetric molar concentration such as certain with substrate alkyd.Before lipase added reactive system, elder generation adds lipase in the organic solvent that contains 0.1% tensio-active agent stirred after 3 hours, filtered out lipase and was used for above-mentioned reactive system.
B, reaction: under 30 ℃ ± 10 ℃ temperature of reaction conditions, stirring reaction 10-36 hour, the molar yield of substrate can reach 90-98%.
C, separation: after reaction finishes,, isolate lipase with filter method, with reusing behind the organic solvent washing because lipase is insoluble to organic solvent.Isolated reaction solution carries out step 4.
D, distillation: under the condition of underpressure distillation-0.05～0.08MPa, evaporate the reaction media organic solvent, obtain the product ester.The organic solvent that is evaporated is recyclable multiplexing after passing through condensation, cooling and removing water treatment.The essentially no refuse of whole process is discharged.This invention is that the esterification equation of finishing in organic solvent is:
R-OH: Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) R ' COOH: lipid acid R ' COOR: fatty acid ester
Mol/L wherein: mol, u/L: units per liter, MPa: MPa.
The lipase that the present invention adopts the zhizopchin (Rhizopus chinesis) of this research department's screening to produce is the catalyzer of esterification.The enzyme of thick enzyme powder is lived and is 360IU/g.LypozymeIM lipase (immobilization Mucor miehei, Novo Nordisk company) and Novozyme 435 lipase (immobilization Candida antarctica, Novo Nordisk company) in the concentration of substrate alkyd during less than 0.3mol/L, effect is also good.The effect of the microbial lipase that other is commercially available is then relatively poor.
IU is defined as: under 37 ℃ of conditions, pH is a hydrolysis sweet oil in 7.0 the phosphoric acid buffer, and per minute discharges the enzyme amount of lug molecules of fatty acids.
In the tensio-active agent that non-covalent modification is used there be preferably effect: 1) aerosol sulfo-succsinic acid 2-(2-second caproic acid) ester sodium salt (AOT); 2) sodium laurylsulfonate (LAS); 3) Triton X-100 (TritonX-100).Surfactant concentrations is higher or lower than 0.1% catalytic capability that all can influence lipase.
Lipid acid is the saturated monoprotic acid of 3C～18C, as acetate, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, sad, n-nonanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitinic acid: the oleic acid of unsaturated acid: 18C.
Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) is the primary alconol of 2C～18C, as ethanol, propyl alcohol, butanols, amylalcohol, hexanol, enanthol, octanol, nonyl alcohol, decyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol; The secondary alcohol of 4C～5C is as isopropylcarbinol and primary isoamyl alcohol.
Organic solvent is the organic solvent of Log P3.5-4.0, as hexane (Log P3.5), heptane (Log P4.0).
Temperature of reaction: 15～40 ℃.Wherein 28 ℃ the suitableeest, be lower than 15 ℃ or be higher than 40 ℃, transformation efficiency all can decrease.
The concentration ratio of fat alkyd is that 3: 1 to 1: 1 transformation efficiencys are all relatively good.
The present invention compares with the present method of other synthesizing ester materials and has following advantage: the first, the catalytic capability and the stability that show in organic solvent of the lipase that different microorganisms produced differs quite big.And the synthesis capability of lipase is not directly proportional with its capacity of decomposition in organic solvent.The present invention selects the zhizopchin (Rhizopus chinesis) of this research department's screening for use, and liquid submerged fermentation produces lipase, and makes thick enzyme powder.This zhizopchin is to separate in the saccharifying ferment Daqu that uses the production of the liquor from China's high ester content-----yeast wine.Its ester synthesis capability is stronger, in organic solvent and more stable.This lipase belong to 1,3 special.Process compares this lipase unit enzyme catalysis ester synthetic ability alive with present other microbial lipases both domestic and external and speed of response all is better than all lipase both domestic and external.The second, because the amphoteric character of tensio-active agent makes that lipase is in a kind of good little water surrounding in the organic solvent, therefore not only can improve the concentration of reaction substrate, and improve the catalytic of lipase catalyzed reaction in organic solvent greatly.Three, the Ester of Production by Enzymes is owing to be to adopt biotechnology to transform to produce, in the food of microbial fermentation or drinks, use the local flavor effect that produces more approaching natural, coordinate.Four, lipase (EC.3.1.1.3 claims GEH again) is to be used for the decomposition reaction of catalysis ester always.Utilize enzyme its reversed reaction of catalysis------esterification in organic solvent, because in little water surrounding of organic solvent, moving of the thermodynamic(al)equilibrium of esterification, reaction is carried out towards ester synthetic direction, makes ester synthetic transformation efficiency and speed of response than high at aqueous phase.Then time of enzymatic reacting is oversize at aqueous phase; Enzyme is directly added solvent-free reaction in the substrate then because substrate to the effect of enzyme, especially in the stronger substrate of polarity, has had a strong impact on the transformation efficiency of reaction.And suitable solvent and little water surrounding make lipase keep good catalytic activity and stability.Five, compare with the method for microbe fermentation method generation ester, because enzyme process catalysis approach is simple, do not have the restraining effect of metabolite to organism, speed of response is fast, concentration of substrate height, transformation efficiency height.On efficient of reacting and output, all be better than the microbial metabolism fermentation from far away.And downstream engineering is also fairly simple.Six, the high specificity of enzyme process biocatalytic reaction, by product is few, and has avoided organic catalyst issuable to the virulent material of human body; The enzymatic reaction temperature is low, has significantly reduced issuable other by products under the consumption of the energy and the hot conditions.Wherein heavy metal content is lower than 1000 times of national standards.Therefore security of products is strong, quality and class height, and the product that biotechnology transforms can be considered to natural product.
The Ester that the present invention obtains can use in industry such as wine brewing, food, medicine and daily chemical industry.Embodiment Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet.Embodiment one 0.25g lipase (90IU) adds and to contain in the hexane that waits 0.8mol/L concentration caproic acid and alcoholic acid 15ml, under 28 ℃ of conditions, react 10hr after, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 95%.Transformation period reaches 1010 hours.Obtain the product ethyl butyrate through underpressure distillation under-0.05MPa pressure.Quality meets the GB8315-87 standard.The allotment fragrant yeast is thought after drinking in Daqu brewery of a few family: with yeast wine fragrance nature, the coordination of this ethyl hexanoate allotment, do not have the floating fragrant sense that ethyl hexanoate brought of chemical method production, result of use is better than chemical products.In the heptane of 0.4mol/L strength acetic acid such as the adding of embodiment two 0.25g lipase (90IU) contains and 0.8mol/L alcoholic acid 15ml, behind the reaction 24hr, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 92% under 15 ℃ of conditions.Obtain the product ethyl acetate through underpressure distillation under-0.05MPa pressure.Embodiment three 0.3g lipase (120IU) add and to contain in the heptane that waits 0.25mol/L concentration butyric acid and 0.75mol/L alcoholic acid 15ml, react 24hr under 28 ℃ of conditions after, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 90%.Obtain the product ethyl butyrate through underpressure distillation under-0.08MPa pressure.Embodiment four 0.3g lipase (150IU) add and to contain in the heptane that waits 0.25mol/L concentration propionic acid and alcoholic acid 15ml, react 24hr under 28 ℃ of conditions after, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 92.0%.Obtain the product ethyl propionate through underpressure distillation under-0.08MPa pressure.Embodiment five 0.3g lipase (120IU) add in the heptane contain the 15ml that waits 0.25mol/L concentration butyric acid and isopropylcarbinol, react 24hr under 30 ℃ of conditions after, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 90.5%.Obtain the product isobutyl butyrate through underpressure distillation under-0.08MPa pressure.Embodiment six 0.3g lipase (120IU) add in the heptane contain the 15ml that waits 0.25mol/L concentration propionic acid and primary isoamyl alcohol, react 24hr under 30 ℃ of conditions after, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 98%.Obtain the product isoamyl propionate through underpressure distillation under-0.08MPa pressure.Embodiment seven 0.25g lipase (90IU) add in the heptane contain the 15ml that waits 0.5mol/L concentration capric acid and butanols, react 22hr under 28 ℃ of conditions after, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 97%.Obtain product capric acid butyl ester through underpressure distillation under-0.05MPa pressure.Embodiment eight 0.25g lipase (90IU) add in the heptane contain the 15ml that waits 0.5mol/L concentration caproic acid and hexanol, react 20hr under 28 ℃ of conditions after, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 94%.Obtain the product hexyl hexanoate through underpressure distillation under-0.07MPa pressure.Embodiment nine 0.25g lipase (90IU) add in the hexane contain the 15ml that waits 0.4mol/L concentration oleic acid and oleyl alcohol, react 36hr under 15 ℃ of conditions after, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 92%.Obtain the product oleic acid oleic alcohol ester through underpressure distillation under-0.08MPa pressure.Embodiment ten 0.25g lipase (90IU) add in the heptane contain the 15ml that waits 0.4mol/L concentration palmitinic acid and isopropylcarbinol, react 36hr under 40 ℃ of conditions after, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 90%.Obtain product palmitinic acid acid isobutyl ester through underpressure distillation under-0.08MPa pressure.In the heptane of 0.4mol/L concentration lauric acid such as the adding of embodiment 11 0.25g lipase (90IU) contains and alcoholic acid 15ml, behind the reaction 36hr, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 90% under 28 ℃ of conditions.Obtain the product Laurate ethyl through underpressure distillation under-0.08MPa pressure.In the heptane of the 15ml of 0.4mol/L concentration lauric acid such as the adding of embodiment 12 0.25g lipase (90IU) contains and butanols, behind the reaction 36hr, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 85%.Obtain the product butyl laurate through underpressure distillation under-0.08MPa pressure.Embodiment 13 0.25g lipase (90IU) add in the heptane contain the 15ml that waits 0.4mol/L concentration tetradecanoic acid and Virahol, react 36hr after, the transformation efficiency of reaction reaches 91%.Obtain the product Isopropyl myristate through underpressure distillation under-0.08MPa pressure.
Claims (10)
1, the method for process for synthesizing ester from Rhizopus chinensis by using enzyme, it is characterized in that a, reinforced: substrate Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), acid such as are pressed at volumetric molar concentration (0.25～0.80 mol) add in the conventional enzyme reactor that contains organic solvent after the stirring and dissolving, begin reaction after adding the lipase of 6000～10000 units per liter again; B, reaction: under 30 ℃ ± 10 ℃ temperature of reaction conditions, stirring reaction 10～36 hours, the molar yield of substrate can reach 90～98% equilibrium state; C, separation: reaction is isolated lipase and reaction solution with filter method after finishing; D, distillation: under the condition of underpressure distillation-0.05～0.08 MPa, evaporate the reaction media organic solvent, obtain the product ester.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that used lipase is the lipase that isolating zhizopchin from Chinese Daqu (Rhizopus Chinensis) is produced.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that before lipase is added enzyme reactor, and elder generation adds lipase in the organic solvent that contains 0.1% tensio-active agent stirs after about 3 hours, filters out lipase and is used further in the reactor.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in reaction process b, and best temperature of reaction is 28 ℃.
5, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that can getting back to once more among the operation a after isolated lipase is with organic solvent washing in separation circuit c and reuses.
6, method according to claim 1, recyclable after it is characterized in that the condensation of organic solvent process, the cooling that in operation d, evaporates and removing water treatment.
7, according to claim 1,3 described methods, it is characterized in that best the having of effect in the used tensio-active agent: aerosol sulfo-succsinic acid 2-(2-second caproic acid) ester sodium salt (AOT); Sodium laurylsulfonate (LAS); Polyoxyethylene glycol Octyl Ether (Triton X-100).
8, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that lipid acid is the saturated monoprotic acid of 3C～18C, as acetate, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, sad, n-nonanoic acid, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers acid, lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitinic acid; The oleic acid of unsaturated acid: 18C; Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) is the primary alconol of 2C～18C, as ethanol, propyl alcohol, butanols, amylalcohol, hexanol, enanthol, octanol, nonyl alcohol, decyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol; The secondary alcohol of 4C～5C as isopropylcarbinol and primary isoamyl alcohol, is chemical industry or biological process production.
9, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that reaction media is the organic solvent of Log P3.5～4.0, as hexane or heptane.
10, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the concentration ratio of Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), acid is 3: 1～1: 1.
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| EP1775344A2 (en) | 2005-10-11 | 2007-04-18 | Beijing University of Chemical Technology | Lipase, its gene, the strain and the application of this lipase |
| CN100344766C (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-10-24 | 四川大学 | Preparation of chiral amyl alcohol and ester with olefinic ester as substrate |
| CN100376663C (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2008-03-26 | 深圳市绿微康生物工程有限公司 | Novel brewing and flavor-enhancing method for distilled spirit |
| CN100445341C (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2008-12-24 | 阿姆斯特郎世界工业公司 | Enzyme catalyzed polyesters and polyol polymers |
| CN101041711B (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-05-18 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing malic acid containing unit functional polyester by biological catalysis in organic medium |
| WO2011000489A3 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-06-23 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Novel esters, and use thereof |
| CN101603017B (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2012-07-04 | 天津科技大学 | Acinetobacter johnsonii LP28 and method for preparing low-temperature alkali lipase by using acinetobacter johnsonii |
| CN103114108A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2013-05-22 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing D-panthenol 16 ether monopalmitate by using lipase as catalyst |
| CN101457240B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2015-03-18 | 江南大学 | Method for preparing citronellyl by bioconversion in non-aqueous phase system |
| CN106086095A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of method of enzyme law catalysis synthesis sorbate |
| WO2018223664A1 (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-13 | 江南大学 | Method for preparing lipase having high esterification activity using surfactant |
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| GB0405637D0 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2004-04-21 | Danisco | Protein |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5658769A (en) * | 1993-07-02 | 1997-08-19 | Unichem Chemie Bv | Process for the esterification of carboxylic acids with tertiary alcohols using a lipase from Candida antarctica |
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1998
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| CN100445341C (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2008-12-24 | 阿姆斯特郎世界工业公司 | Enzyme catalyzed polyesters and polyol polymers |
| CN100344766C (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-10-24 | 四川大学 | Preparation of chiral amyl alcohol and ester with olefinic ester as substrate |
| EP1775344A2 (en) | 2005-10-11 | 2007-04-18 | Beijing University of Chemical Technology | Lipase, its gene, the strain and the application of this lipase |
| CN100376663C (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2008-03-26 | 深圳市绿微康生物工程有限公司 | Novel brewing and flavor-enhancing method for distilled spirit |
| CN101041711B (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-05-18 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing malic acid containing unit functional polyester by biological catalysis in organic medium |
| CN101457240B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2015-03-18 | 江南大学 | Method for preparing citronellyl by bioconversion in non-aqueous phase system |
| CN101603017B (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2012-07-04 | 天津科技大学 | Acinetobacter johnsonii LP28 and method for preparing low-temperature alkali lipase by using acinetobacter johnsonii |
| US9072917B2 (en) | 2009-06-20 | 2015-07-07 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Linear alkyl esters and their use in cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical compositions |
| CN102471224B (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2015-09-30 | 考格尼斯知识产权管理有限责任公司 | New Ester and uses thereof |
| CN102471224A (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-05-23 | 考格尼斯知识产权管理有限责任公司 | Novel esters, and use thereof |
| WO2011000489A3 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-06-23 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Novel esters, and use thereof |
| CN103114108B (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-08-06 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing D-panthenol 16 ether monopalmitate by using lipase as catalyst |
| CN103114108A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2013-05-22 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing D-panthenol 16 ether monopalmitate by using lipase as catalyst |
| CN106086095A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of method of enzyme law catalysis synthesis sorbate |
| CN106086095B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2019-11-29 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of method of enzyme law catalysis synthesis sorbate |
| WO2018223664A1 (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-13 | 江南大学 | Method for preparing lipase having high esterification activity using surfactant |
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