CN1223034C - Heat application system of fuel cell and control method - Google Patents
Heat application system of fuel cell and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1223034C CN1223034C CNB021291373A CN02129137A CN1223034C CN 1223034 C CN1223034 C CN 1223034C CN B021291373 A CNB021291373 A CN B021291373A CN 02129137 A CN02129137 A CN 02129137A CN 1223034 C CN1223034 C CN 1223034C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a fuel cell heat application system and a control method thereof. The system comprises a reforming furnace and a cell stack, the reforming furnace generates hydrogen in received supplied fuel, electrolytes are put in the middle of the cell stack, and an anode and a cathode are arranged at both sides of the cell stack; the hydrogen generated in the reforming furnace or hydrogenous fuel is supplied to the anode by the cell stack, which generates the electrochemical reaction to generate electricity and heat with oxygen or oxygenous oxidizing agents supplied to the cathode, a fuel tank composed of the reforming furnace and the cell stack is assembled with exhaust air generated in a guide fuel tank and an air exhaust pipeline of a warm water generation part which heats water by heating the exhaust air. The present invention can increase the energy usage rate of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell, in particular to a heat application system of the fuel cell and a control method.
Background
In general, a fuel cell is a device for directly converting energy of fuel into electric energy, and generally, a polymer electrolyte membrane and an anode (anode) and a cathode (cathode) to which a porous material is bonded are interposed in a stack (stack), and the anode (an oxidation electrode or a fuel electrode) is supplied with hydrogen or a fuel gas containing hydrogen, and the cathode (a reduction electrode or an air electrode) is supplied with an oxidation gas containing oxygen. Hydrogen oxidation reaction at the anode; oxygen at the cathode undergoes a reduction reaction, and electrons move during the reaction, thereby generating electricity and heat.
Reducing hydrogen ions H when an electrolyte membrane of a stack is dried in a fuel cell+The conductivity or electrolyte membrane shrinkage of (a) increases the contact resistance of the membrane and the electrodes, degrading the performance of the stack. Usually, fuel or air is supplied to the inside of the stack to convert water into a vapor form.
The reforming furnace for supplying hydrogen in the cell stack has a reactor, fuel flows into the reactor, the fuel contains water vapor and oxygen, at this time, a burner of the reforming furnace is started to perform reforming reaction, and hydrogen generated by the reforming reaction is supplied to the cell stack, and the reaction equation of the reforming furnace is as follows:
The reaction of the above formula 1 needs to be performed at a high temperature of 600 c or more, a burner installed inside a reformer is started, methane (a main component of liquefied natural gas) is supplied to the reformer, and water (H) for the reaction is supplied2O) is supplied in the form of a gas having the same high temperature, and the both undergo a reforming reaction to generate hydrogen.
The carbon monoxide CO generated in the reaction formula of formula 1 reduces the activity of the fuel cell catalyst and must be purged. The process of removing carbon monoxide is as follows: formula 2 in the reaction formula, CO and H2O reacts to generate carbon dioxide CO2And hydrogen H2. The reaction of formula 2 is carried out at about 800 ℃ for the first reaction and at about 200 ℃ for the second reaction. The combustor for raising the temperature inside the reformer discharges the gas containing high-temperature combustion heat after the reforming reaction.
However, in the fuel cell of the related art, the reformer directly dischargesthe gas of high-temperature combustion heat to the outside, and the heat energy thereof is not utilized, which causes a problem of energy waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a heat application system of a fuel cell and a control method thereof, which improve the utilization rate of energy by using the heat energy contained in the exhaust gas in a fuel tank.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a heat application system for a fuel cell comprising a reformer for generating hydrogen from a supplied fuel and a stack having an electrolyte interposed between the reformer and the stack, the stack being configured such that the anode and the cathode are disposed on both sides of the electrolyte, hydrogen or a fuel containing hydrogen generated from the reformer is supplied to the anode, and the stack electrochemically reacts with oxygen or an oxidant containing oxygen supplied to the cathode to generate electricity and heat, wherein a fuel tank comprising the reformer and the stack is provided with an exhaust pipe for guiding exhaust gas generated in the fuel tank and a warm water generation unit for heating water by the exhaust gas.
The warm water generating part comprises a water tank equipped with a temperature sensor and a water level gauge, a warm water circulating pipeline communicated with the water tank and used for flowing water in the water tank to the outside, a heat exchanger containing a part of the warm water circulating pipeline and arranged on an exhaust pipeline and used for heating the warm water circulating pipeline by exhaust gas, and a water feeding supplement pipeline connected with the water tank and used for supplying and supplementing water to the warm water circulating pipeline of theheat exchanger.
The warm water circulation line includes a shutter for opening and closing a water flow, which is installed at a middle portion of a warm water circuit communicating the fuel tank and the upper water supply line. A shutter for opening and closing the water flow may be provided on the warm water circulation line in a section where the fuel tank and the water supply line are provided.
The shutter is a pump or a shutter valve.
A control method of heat application system of fuel cell is characterized by that it uses the temperature sensor mounted on the water tank to measure the temperature of water stored in the water tank, and makes a decision to judge that it is above the set temperature, then makes one of the following 4 stages:
a. if the temperature of the water in the stage is judged to reach the set temperature or above and the flow of the water stored in the water tank also reaches the set flow or above, supplementing water into the water tank and interrupting the water storage in the water tank, which is stage 1;
b. if the temperature of the water in the stage is judged to be above the set temperature and the flow of the water stored in the water tank is not above the set flow, supplementing water into the water tank and simultaneously heating the water stored in the water tank, which is stage 2;
c. if the temperature of the water in the stage is judged not to reach the set temperature and the flow of the water stored in the water tank reaches the set flow, supplementing water into the water tank and simultaneously heating the water stored in the water tank, which is the stage 3;
d. and if the temperature of the water in the stage is not higher than the set temperature and the flow of the water stored in the water tank is not higher than the set flow, replenishing water into the water tank and simultaneously stopping the water storage in the heating tank, which is the stage 4.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the heat exchanger of the warm water generating part is started by using the stack generating electricity and heat and the exhaust gas generated in the reforming furnace supplying hydrogen in the stack, and the water stored in the water tank is heated by using the start of the heat exchanger, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a heat application system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a thermal application system control method and implementation of the fuel cell of fig. 1.
In the figure, 1: a reforming furnace; 2: a cell stack; 3: a fuel tank; 4: an exhaust line; 10: a warm water generation unit; 11: a water tank; 11 a: a temperature sensor; 11 b: a water level gauge; 12: a warm water circulation line; 13: a heat exchanger; 14: a water supply supplement pipeline; 14 a: opening and closing the valve; 15: and (4) a pump.
Detailed Description
The heat application system of the fuel cell and the control method thereof according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
as shown in FIG. 1, a heat application system of a fuel cell includes a Reformer 1 for generating hydrogen from supplied fuel and a stack 2 having an anode and a cathode disposed on both sides of an electrolyte interposedtherebetween, the Reformer 1 and the stack 2 constitute a fuel tank 3, and the Reformer 1 is filled with gasoline or other hydrocarbons (liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, CH)3OH …), the fuel tank 2 is supplied to the anode by hydrogen or fuel containing hydrogen generated from the reformer, and electrochemically reacts with oxygen or an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent supplied to the cathode to generate electricity and heat, and the fuel tank 3 constituted by the reformer 1 and the fuel tank 2 is equipped with an exhaust line 4 that guides exhaust gas generated in the fuel tank 3 and a warm water generating unit 10 that heats water by the exhaust gas.
The hot water generating part 10 includes a water tank 11 for storing water, which is provided with a temperature sensor 11a and a water level gauge 11 b; a warm water circulation line 12 communicating with the water tank 11 and flowing water in the water tank 11 to the outside; a heat exchanger 13 which is provided on the exhaust pipe 4 and contains a certain part of the warm water circulation pipe 12 and heats the water in the warm water circulation pipe 12 by the exhaust gas; a water supply/supplement line 14 connected to the water tank 11 and controlling supply and supplement of water to the hot water circulation line 12 of the heat exchanger 13 by an open/close valve 14 a. A pump 15 is installed on the warm water circulation line 12 between the water tank 11 and the upper water supply line 14 to control the inflow of water from the water tank 11 to the warm water circulation line 12.
In addition, the present invention may be: the same function is achieved by the pump instead of the open/close valve 14a attached to the water supply line 14, and similarly, the same function is achieved by the pump 15 attached to the warm water circulation line 12 instead of the open/close valve, but in this case, the outlet port for the water flowing out of the water tank 11 is formed on the lower side of the water tank 11, and the inlet port for the water flowing in is formed on the upper side of the water tank 11, and the water flow is formed by natural convection.
The heat application system of the fuel cell having the above-described structure has the following operational effects and system control methods:
charging gasoline or other hydrocarbons (liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, CH)3OH …) series fuel, wherein a part of the fuel liquid flows into a burner of the reformer 1 to be burned, the remaining part flows into a reactor of the reformer to generate hydrogen through desulfurization reaction and reforming reaction and hydrogen purification reaction, the generated hydrogen is supplied to a fuel electrode (anode) of the stack 2 to generate electricity and heat through electrochemical reaction together with oxygen supplied to an air electrode (cathode), wherein the electricity is introduced to electric appliances through an electric power converter (not shown) to function as a power source.
In this case, the fuel tank heat application system and the control method thereof, which are configured by the exhaust gas containing combustion heat generated in the burner of the reformer 1 and the exhaust gas generated in the stack 2, are: the temperature T of the water stored in the water tank is measured by a temperature sensor 11a mounted on the water tank 11, and whether or not the set temperature T is reached is judged0In the above judging stage, one of the following 4 processes is performed:
a. if the temperature T of the water in the judging stage reaches the set temperature T0Above and in the water tankThe flow L of the stored water also reaches the set flow L0In the above, the water is supplemented into the water tank 11 and the water stored in the water tank 11 is stopped,which is stage 1;
b. if the temperature T of the water in the judging stage reaches the set temperature T0Above and the flow rate L of the stored water in the water tank does not reach the set flow rate L0In the above, the water tank 11 is replenished with water and the water stored in the water tank 11 is heated at the same time, which is stage 2;
c. if the temperature T of the water in the judging stage does not reach the set temperature T0Above and the flow rate L of the stored water in the water tank 11 reaches the set flow rate L0In the above, the water tank 11 is replenished with water and the water stored in the water tank 11 is heated at the same time, which is stage 3;
d. if the temperature T of the water in the judging stage does not reach the set temperature T0Above and the flow rate L of the stored water in the water tank 11 does not reach the set flow rate L0In the above, the water is replenished into the water tank 11 and the water storage in the water tank 11 is interrupted at the same time, which is the 4 th stage.
The 2 nd or 4 th stage comprises measuring the flow rate L of the water stored in the water tank 11 by a water level gauge 11b mounted on the water tank 11, and determining whether the set flow rate L is reached0The above judging stage; the flow rate L of the stored water in the water tank 11 does not reach the set flow rate L0In the above, the start of the pump 15 mounted on the warm water circulating pipeline 12 communicated with the water tank 11 is stopped, the inflow of water is interrupted, and the open-close valve 14a of the water supply supplementing pipeline 14 communicated with the warm water circulating pipeline 12 is opened, so that the supplementing water is supplied to the warm water circulating pipeline 12, heated by the heat exchanger 13 and then supplemented to the water tank 11.
The 3 rd stage comprises measuring the flow rate L of the water stored in the water tank 11 by a water level gauge 11b mounted on the water tank 11, and determining whether the set flow rate L is reached0The above judging stage; the flow rate L of the stored water in the water tank 11 reaches the set flow rate L0In the above, the supply of the replenishing water is interrupted by closing the open/close valve 14a of the water supply replenishing line 14 communicating with the hot water circulating line 12, and the pump 115 is started to allow the water to flow into the water tank 11 after being heated by the heat exchanger 13 after flowing through the hot water circulating line 12 communicating with the water tank 11.
The heat application system of the fuel cell and the control method thereof utilize the hot exhaust generated in the fuel tank composed of the reforming furnace, the cell stack and the like to heat the water stored in the water tank, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell.
Claims (13)
1. A heat application system for a fuel cell includes a reformer (1) for generating hydrogen from supplied fuel and a stack (2) having an electrolyte interposed therebetween and having an anode and a cathode disposed on both sides thereof, wherein the stack (2) is supplied with the hydrogen or the fuel containing the hydrogen generated from the reformer to the anode and electrochemically reacts with oxygen or an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent supplied to the cathode to generate electricity and heat, and is characterized in that a fuel tank (3) constituted by the reformer (1) and the stack (2) is provided with a vent line (4) for guiding vent gas generated in the fuel tank (3) and a warm water generating section (10) for heating water by the vent gas.
2. The heat application system of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the warm water generating unit (10) includes a water tank (11) having a temperature sensor (11a) and a water level gauge (11b) mounted thereon, a warm water circulating line (12) communicating with the water tank (11) and flowing water in the water tank to the outside, a heat exchanger (13) having a part of the warm water circulating line (12) and mounted on the exhaust line (4) and heating the warm water circulating line (12) by exhaust gas, and a water supply supplementing line (14) connected to the water tank (11) and supplying and supplementing water to the warm water circulating line (12) of the heat exchanger (13).
3. The heat application system of the fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the warm water circulation line (12) includes a shutter for opening and closing water flow fitted in a middle portion of the warm water circuit communicating the fuel tank (3) and the upper water replenishing line (14).
4. The heat application system of afuel cell according to claim 2, wherein a shutter for opening and closing a water flow is provided in the warm water circulation line (12) in a section where the fuel tank (3) and the upper water supply line (14) are provided.
5. The heat application system of the fuel cell according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the shutter is a pump.
6. The heat application system of the fuel cell according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the shutter is a shutter valve.
7. A control method of a heat application system of a fuel cell is characterized in that a temperature sensor (11a) mounted on a water tank is used for measuring the temperature of water stored in the water tank, a judging stage for judging whether the temperature is higher than a set temperature is carried out, and one of the following 4 stages is carried out:
a. if the temperature of the water in the stage is judged to reach the set temperature or above and the flow of the water stored in the water tank also reaches the set flow or above, supplementing water into the water tank and interrupting the water storage in the water tank, which is stage 1;
b. if the temperature of the water in the stage is judged to be above the set temperature and the flow of the water stored in the water tank is not above the set flow, supplementing water into the water tank and simultaneously heating the water stored in the water tank, which is stage 2;
c. if the temperature of the water in the stage is judged not to reach the set temperature and the flow of the water stored in the water tank reaches the set flow, supplementing water into the water tank and simultaneously heating the water stored in the water tank, which is the stage 3;
d. and if the temperature of the water in the stage is not higher than the set temperature and the flow of the water stored in the water tank is not higher than the set flow, replenishing water into the water tank and simultaneously stopping the water storage in the heating tank, which is the stage 4.
8. The method for controlling a heat application system of a fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein the stage 1 includes:
a. a judging stage for determining the flow rate of the water stored in the water tank by using a water level meter (11b) assembled on the water tank and judging whether the flow rate is more than a set flow rate;
b. when the flow rate of the stored water in the water tank reaches above the set flow rate, the start of a pump (15) arranged on a warm water circulating pipeline (12) communicated with the water tank is stopped, the inflow of water is interrupted, and simultaneously, an opening and closing valve (14a) of a water feeding supplement pipeline (14) communicated with the warm water circulating pipeline (12) is closed, and the supply of supplement water is interrupted.
9. The method for controlling a heat application system of a fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein the 2 nd stage includes:
a. a judging stage for determining the flow rate of the water stored in the water tank by using a water level meter (11b) assembled on the water tank and judging whether the flow rate is more than a set flow rate;
b. when the flow of the water stored in the water tank does not reach the set flow or more, stopping the start of a pump (15) assembled on a warm water circulating pipeline (12) communicated with the water tank, interrupting the inflow of the water, and simultaneously opening an opening and closing valve (14a) of a water feeding supplement pipeline (14) communicated with the warm water circulating pipeline (12), so that the supplement water is supplied to the warm water circulating pipeline (12), heated by a heat exchanger (13) and then supplemented to the water tank.
10. The method for controlling a heat application system of a fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein the 3 rd stage includes:
a. a judging stage for determining the flow rate of the water stored in the water tank by using a water level meter (11b) assembled on the water tank and judging whether the flow rate is more than a set flow rate;
b. when the flow rate of the stored water in the water tank reaches above the set flow rate, closing the open-close valve (14a) of the water supply supplement pipeline (14) communicated with the warm water circulating pipeline (12), interrupting the supply of the supplement water, and simultaneously starting the pump (15), after the water flows in through the warm water circulating pipeline (12) communicated with the water tank, the water is heated by the heat exchanger (13) and then flows into the water tank.
11. The method for controlling a heat application system of a fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein the 4 th stage includes:
a. a judging stage for determining the flow rate of the water stored in the water tank by using a water level meter (11b) assembled on the water tank and judging whether the flow rate is more than a set flow rate;
b. when the flow of the water stored in the water tank does not reach the set flow or more, stopping the start of a pump (15) assembled on a warm water circulating pipeline (12) communicated with the water tank, interrupting the inflow of the water, and simultaneously opening an opening and closing valve (14a) of a water feeding supplement pipeline (14) communicated with the warm water circulating pipeline (12), so that the supplement water is supplied to the warm water circulating pipeline (12), heated by a heat exchanger (13) and then supplemented to the water tank.
12. The method for controlling a heat application system of a fuel cell according to claim 7 or 10, wherein the inflow of water from the water tank (11) to the warm water circulation line (12) is controlled by a pump or an on-off valve.
13. The method for controlling a heat application system of a fuel cell according to claim 7 or 10, wherein the supply of the makeup water through the feed water makeup line (14) is controlled by a pump or an on-off valve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021291373A CN1223034C (en) | 2002-08-19 | 2002-08-19 | Heat application system of fuel cell and control method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021291373A CN1223034C (en) | 2002-08-19 | 2002-08-19 | Heat application system of fuel cell and control method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1474474A CN1474474A (en) | 2004-02-11 |
| CN1223034C true CN1223034C (en) | 2005-10-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021291373A Expired - Fee Related CN1223034C (en) | 2002-08-19 | 2002-08-19 | Heat application system of fuel cell and control method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1223034C (en) |
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2002
- 2002-08-19 CN CNB021291373A patent/CN1223034C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1474474A (en) | 2004-02-11 |
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Granted publication date: 20051012 |